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This Volume is for REFERENCE USE ONLY

YEAR BOOR OF THE CHURCHES

1923

EDITED BY

E. 0. WATSON

Secretary Washington Office and General Committee on Army and

Navy Chaplains of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ

in America

$1.50 IN CLOTH

PUBLISHED FOB

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN AMERICA

105 East 22nd Street, New York City

and 937 Woodward Building, Washington, D. C.

CONTENTS

PAGE

FOREWORD , .. 5

Section I. Directory of Religious Bodies with Synopsis of

History, Doctrine and Polity 7

Section II. Directory of Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America with Affiliated, Coopera- tive and Consultative Bodies ... . ..... 253

Section III. Directory of Inter-Church, National and Inter- national Organizations ... ... 298

Section IV. Directory of Chaplains in the Army and Navy of the United States, with Summary of Relig- ious Work in both branches of the Service ... 375

Section V. Religious Statistics and Information 391

Section VI. Bibliography of the Federal Council of the

Churches of Christ in America , . 439

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN DIRECTORY

Asst.	Assistant	Mod,	Moderator
Asso.	Associate	N.	North
Ave.	Avenue	PL	Place
Blvd.	Boulevard	Pres.	President
Bus.	Business	Rec.	Recording
Chmn.	Chairman	Rev.	Reverend
Com.	Committee	Rt.	Right
Coni	Conference	Sec.	Secretary
Dept.	Department	S.	South
E.	East	St.	Street
Exec.	Executive	Supt.	Superintendent
Gen.	General	Treas.	Treasurer
Mgr.	Manager	W.	West

All titles other than "Rev./' "Rt. Rev.," or "Bishop" have been, avoided. These are used simply to distinguish clergy from laymen.

FOREWORD

The 1921-22 Year Book of the Churches, greatly enlarged in scope and materially changed in plan and arrangement of mat- ter, met with hearty approval. This edition for 1923 retains ail features of the 1922 edition adding much valuable information under Section Y, Statistics and General Information- All mat- ter has been carefully revised The Directory of the Churches, including office headquarters, officials, boards, members of boards and other denominational agencies has been brought up to date. Special care has been taken to get correct lists of schools and colleges in part or wholly under control or direction of the Churches, and to make the lists of church periodicals and their editors accurate. The matter is arranged in six distinct sections.

Section I is a Directory of the Eeligious Bodies. In addi- tion to the Directory there is in this section a synopsis of History, Doctrine and Polity of each religious body. The Directory has been carefully revised and brought up to date through conference with officials of each body. The synopsis of History, Doctrine and Polity was in most instances con- densed from that published in the Religious Census of 1916, but after such condensation and revision was submitted to some representative, in most cases, the recognized historian of each body, and changes suggested by such representative were made A few of the synopses were entirely rewritten. The statement of History, Doctrine, and Polity is therefore, from the standpoint, practically, of each denomination.

Section II is a Directory of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, and bodies holding an affiliated cooperative or consultative relationship with the Federal Council. Some oi the commissions and committees of the Federal Council and some of the affiliated bodies are also listed under other sections with cross reference to the other section in which listed. The statistics of each of these bodies will be found in the Special Eeligious Statistics section.

Section III is a Directory of Interchurch, National, and International organizations for service. This section of the Year Book, in addition to distinctly church and interchurch agencies, presents a directory, with statement of purpose, of the major organizations in the United States that are national or international in scope, and which, while not distinctively of the •church, arc manifestly in accord with the spirit and purpose of Christ in the work for which they have been organized. The matter for this section has been carefully gathered from repre- sentatives of the organizations listed, and revised to February 3, 1923. Especial attention is called to the number and char- acter of governmental agencies listed m this section.

Section IV is a Directory of Chaplains in the Army and Navy of the United States, with a summary of religious work and miscellaneous facts concerning both branches of service.

Section V contains tables of Keligious Statistics and Gen- eral Information.

Section VI is a Bibliography of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ.

We seek to make the Year Book invaluable as a handbook of ready reference for facts to be found nowhere else in such form. Our aim is to make each edition more valuable than its pred- ecessor. We believe it will not only be useful to church leaders, but that it should have a place 011 the table of every one inter- ested in what is doing and who is doing it for the betterment of mankind. Certainly, it should find a place in all libraries, and newspaper and business offices, secular as well as religious. One Seminary made the 1922 edition a text book for the study of the Church in America. The Dean of the Theological Department of one of the large universities recommended that it be pur- chased by each student m the senior class. It supplies a need otherwise unfilled for all seminary students.

We would acknowledge here our great indebtedness to the representatives of the church bodies, and other organizations, who have aided us by critical review of the matter and by fur- nishing data relating to their organizations.

SECTION I

DIRECTORY

OP RELIGIOUS BODIES

"With Synopsis of History, Doctrine and Polity

ADVENTIST BODIES

GBNBKAL STATEMENT

The " Advent Movement" originated with William Miller; born 1782, died 1849. Mr. Miller became convinced that the com- ing of Christ in person, power and glory must be premillennial ; and that not only was the Advent at hand, but its date might be fixed with some defimteness. He confidently expected it to occur some time between March 21, 1843, and March 21, 1844. The first general gathering of those interested was held in Boston, October, 1840.

In its beginning, the Adventist Movement was wholly within the existing Churches. In 1845, however, there was a general organization of the adherents of the Adventist doctrine. At a Conference, held in Albany, New York, in April, 1845, a dec- laration of principles was adopted embodying the views of Mr. Miller respecting the personal and premillennial character of the second advent of Christ, the resurrection of the dead, and the renewal of the earth as the abode of the redeemed, together with kindred points of doctrine The organization then formed continued for ten years to include practically all the Adventists Growing out of the original Adventist movement the Advent Christian Church was organized in 1855, the Seventh-Day Ad- ventists in I860; Life and Advent Union in 1864; the Church of God (Adventist) in 1866; and the Churches of God in Christ Jesus in 1888.

ADVENT CHRISTIAN CHURCH

General Conference, biennial.

Fifty-two subordinate conferences, four publication associa- tions, two foreign missionary societies.

Officers- Pres., Eev. I. F, Barnes, 22 Grant Street, Bansror, Maine ; Sec., Eev C. H. Hewitt, South Vernon, Mass ; Treas , Mr. I. C. Triplett, Charlotte, N. C.; General Director, Rev L F. Reynolds, 160 Warren St , Boston, Mass. ; Regiona1 Directors, Rev H. W. Hewitt, 42 Dexter Street, Providence, R I ; Rev A P Ferrell, Palmer, 111 ; Rev. G. A, Osman, 2819 North Johnson Street, Los Angeles, Calif. , Rev. B. A. L. Bixler, Live Oak, Fla.

AMERICAN ADVENT MISSION SOCIETY, 160 Warren St., Boston, Mass. Pres, Rev. Henry Stone; Sec -Treas., Eev. Charles F. King. Organ: Advent Christian Missions, Editor, Rev. Charles F. King.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS SOCIETY, 5 Whiting St., Boston, Mass. Pres., Rev. Maude M. Chadsey; Clerk, Mrs. Nellie E. Fellows; Treas., Rev. Maude M. Chadsey. Organ: Advent Christian Missions, Editor for W. H. and F. M., Rev. Maude M. Chadsey,

ADVENTIST BODIES

GENERAL STATEMENT

The "Advent Movement" originated with William Miller; horn 1782, died 1849. Mr Miller became convinced that the com- ing of Christ in person, power and glory must be premillenmal ; and that not only was the Advent at hand, but its date might be iixed with some defimteness. He confidently expected it to occur some time between March 21, 1843, and March 21, 1844 The first general gathering of those interested was held in Boston, October, 1840.

In its beginning, the Adventist Movement was wholly within the existing Churches In 1845, however, there was a general 'Organization of the adherents of the Adventist doctrine. At a Conference, held in Albany, New York, in April, 1845, a dec- laration of principles was adopted embodying the views of Mr. Miller respecting the personal and premillennial character of the second advent of Christ, the resurrection of the dead, and the renewal of the earth as the abode of the redeemed, together with kindred points of doctrine. The organization then formed continued for ten years to include practically all the Adventists. Growing out of the original Adventist movement the Advent Christian Church was organized in 1855, the Seventh-Day Ad- ventists in 1860, Life and Advent Union in 1864; the Church of God (Adventist) in 1866; and the Churches of God in Christ Jesus in 1888.

ADVENT CHRISTIAN CHURCH

General Conference, biennial.

Fifty-two subordinate conferences, four publication associa- tions, two foreign missionary societies

Officers - Pres , Rev. I. F. Barnes, 22 Grant Street, Bans:or, Maine ; Sec., Rev C H Hewitt, South Vernon, Mass ; Treas., Mr I C. Triplett, Charlotte, N. C.; General Director, Rev L. F Reynolds, 160 Warren St , Boston, Mass. , Regional Directors, Rev H. W. Hewitt, 42 Dexter Street, Providence, R I. ; Rev A. P. Ferrell, Palmer, 111. ; Rev. G. A. Osman, 2819 North Johnson Street, Los Angeles, Calif. ; Rev. B. A. L. Bixler, Live Oak, Fla.

AMERICAN ADVENT MISSION SOCIETY, 160 Warren St., Boston, Mass. Pies., Rev. Henry Stone; Sec -Treas., Rev. Charles P. King. •Organ: Advent Christian Missions, Editor, Rev. Charles F. King.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS SOCIETY, 5 Whiting St., Boston, Mass. Pres., Rev. Maude M. Chadsey; Clerk, Mrs. Nellie E. Fellows; Treas., Rev. Maude M. Chadsey. Organ: Advent Christian Missions, Editor for W, H. and F. M., Rev. Maude M. Chadsey.

10 Year Book of the Churches

YOUNG PEOPLE'S SOCIETY OF LOYAL WORKERS. Pres , Rev. J. W. Denton, 708 State St., Portsmouth, N. H.; Cor. Sec., Miss Lillian F. Welch, 160 Warren St., Boston, Mass.

Name Aurora. College		Schools	Location . Aurora, III	President Orrm R Jenks
New England School Sanderhn Academy	of Theology . .		.Boston, Mass . White, Tenn.	Guy L Vannah A. J Sanderlm

Periodicals (Weekly)

World's Crisis, Boston, Mass., Editor, Rev. H. E. Thompson; Our Hope, Mendota, 111., Editor, Rev. Fim Murra; Messiah's Advocate, Oakland, California, Editor, Rev. J. J. Schaumburg; Present Truth Messenger, Live Oak, Fla., Editor, Rev. B. A. L. Bixler.

History

This branch of the Adventists holds simply to the general im- minence of Christ's return, but takes the position that "no man knoweth the day nor the hour wherein the Son of Man cometh." They also emphasize that side of their faith which deals with the nature of man, and hold that through sin man forfeited immortality and can only become immortal through faith in Christ.

The only ordinances recognized are baptism and the Lord's Supper, immersion being considered the only true baptism. Admission to the church is by vote of the majority, after baptism and profession of faith. Open communion is practiced and the invitation to the Lord's Supper is general, participation being left to the individual. The first day of the week is held to be the proper Christian Sabbath. An arrangement has been made with the Life and Advent Union f or a mutual exchange of voting representation in the general meetings of each body.

Polity

The Advent Christian Church is congregational in church gov- ernment. For fellowship and the better conduct of such work as be- longs to them in common, the churches are associated in annual con- ferences, which are grouped m four districts, and the Advent Chris- tian General Conference represents the entire denomination.

SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS

General Conference, quadrennial.

Twelve union conferences in the United States and Canada.

Officers: Pres., "W. A. Spieerj Sec., A. d Daniells; Treas., J. L. Shaw.

Headquarters: Takoma Park, Washington, D. C

Publishing, educational, medical, and other general activities are under the charge of a General Conference Committee, with a secretary for each department.

Colleges and Theological Seminaries Name Location President

Broadview Theological Seminary Xagrange, 111 H. 0. Olson.

Clinton Theological Seminary Clinton, Mo W. B. Ochs.

Hutchmson Theological Seminary ^utohmson, Minn H. M Johnson.

Emmanuel Missionary College ,, Berrien Springs, Mich, ., F Griggs.

Loma Linda Medical College Lorn a Linda Col . N G Evans.

Pacific Union College , . St Helena, Cal . ..W. E Nelson.

Union College College View, Neb. 0. M. John,

Walla Walla College . - . College Place, Wash, W. I. Smith.

Washington Missionary College Takoma Park, Wash., D. C, H. A. Mori ison.

Directory of Religious Bodies II

Periodicals

Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, Washington, D. C., Editor, F. M. Wilcox; Signs of the Times, Mountain View, Calif., Editor, A. 0. Tait; Watchman, Nashville, Tenn., Editor, L. E. Froom.

History

A few persons in New England, formerly of the First-Day Ad- ventists, began in 1844 to observe the seventh day of the week, and to preach the doctrines which now constitute the distinctive tenets of the Seventh-Day Adventists. At a Conference, held in Battle Creek in 1860, these were organized under the name "Seventh-Day Adventist Denomination," and three years later a General Conference was or- ganized.

Doctrine

The Seventh-Day Adventists have no formal or written creed, but take the Bible as their rule of faith and practice. They hold that the seventh day of the week, from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday, is the Sabbath established by God's law and should be ob- served as such; that immersion is the only proper form of baptism; that man is not by nature immortal, but receives eternal life only by faith in Christ; that the state to which man is reduced at death is one of unconsciousness; that the personal, visible coming of Christ is near at hand, and is to precede the millennium ; that at the close of the millennium Christ with His people will return to the earth, the resurrection of the wicked will occur, and Satan, the originator of all sm, will, with his followers, meet final destruction; that the earth will then be made the fit abode of the people of God throughout the ages, where the righteous shall dwell forever, and sin will never again mar the universe of God. The service of washing one another's feet is observed at the quarterly meetings, the men and women meet- ing separately for this purpose, previous to the celebration of the Lord's Supper, during which they meet together.

With regard to the time of the Advent, they have never set a definite date, believing that it is near, but that the day and hour have not been revealed.

Polity

The local church is congregational in its government, although under the general supervision of the conference of which it is a member.

CHURCH OP GOD, ADVENTIST

General Conference. Last meeting August, 1919, Stan- berry, Mo.

Officers : Pres., S. W. Mentzer, Kobins, la. ; Vice-Pres., G. T. Rodgers, Stanberry, Mo.; Sec., Chester "Walker, Albany, Mo.; Treas.y A. N. Bugger, Stanberry, Mo.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Chmn., L. L. Presler, Orafino, Nebr. Periodicals

Bible Advocate (weekly), Stanberry, Mo., Editor, A. N. Bugger; Sabbath School Missionary (semi-weekly), Stanberry, Mo., Editor, Mrs. Alice Lippincott.

History

In 1865 a number of Seventh-Day Adventists in Michigan with- drew from the mam body and a year later were organized under the name "Church of God."

12 Year Book of the Churches

Doctrine and Polity

The fundamental doctrines of the Church of God are the same as those of the Seventh-Day Adventists, with variance in their views of prophecy and its application. The polity of the denomination is •essentially congregational.

LIFE AND ADVENT UNION

Periodicals

Herald of Life, Editor, H. L Babcock, 47 Orange St., New Haven, >Conn.

History Organized in 1864.

Doctrine

In matters of doctrine the members of this organization ar»e in accord with the earlier Adventists except in regard to the resur- rection and the millennium. They hold that the righteous dead only will be raised, and that eternal life is bestowed solely at the second coming of Christ; that the millennium, the one thousand years of Revelation, had its fulfillment in the past, and instead of being a time of peace and happiness, was a period of religious persecution and suffering; that this earth, purified by fire and renewed in beauty, will be the eternal inheritance and dwelling place of God's people, m which the wicked dead shall have no place.

Polity

In polity the Life and Advent Union is distinctly congregational; associations are for fellowship, and have no ecclesiastical authority.

CHURCHES OF GOD IN CHEIST JESUS, ADVENTIST

No general organization; 9 state conferences, annual.

Periodicals

^ Restitution, Editor, William H. Brown, Elizabeth, N. J.; Resti- tution Herald, Oregon, 111., Editor, S. J. Lindsay; Gospel T-rumpet, Pans, Ark., Editor, J. H, Shelton.

History Organized in 1888,

Doctrine

In general accord with the Adventist bodies, and classed with them, although the term "Adventist" does not appear m its title. The Bible is recognized as the only creed.

Polity Congregational.

AMERICAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

The National Synod, triennially at call of Exarch ; last meet- Ing of the Synod: April 10 and 11, 1920. American Catholic Consistory send-annually.

Bishops

His Eminence, J. R. Vilatte (Mar Timotheus I), Exarch, 4427 North Mulligan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Primate of the Old Roman •Catholic Church.

Directory of Religious Bodies 13

The Most Rev. F. E. J. Lloyd. Mus. D., Archbishop, Box 406, Chi- cago, Illinois.

The Rt Rev. Carl A. Nybladh, Seattle, Wash, Bishop of the Swedish Orthodox Church.

The Rt. Rev. G. Alex. McGuire, 224 West 135th Street, New York City, N. Y., Bishop of the African Orthodox Church

School

Name Location Dean

American Catholic Seminary . . . Chicago J R Vilatte

Periodicals

The Most Rev. F. E. J. Lloyd, Mus. D., Archbishop, Box 406, Chi- cago, Illinois, published by the American Catholic Consistory.

American Catholic Quarterly, Box 406, Chicago, Illinois; Editor, The Most Rev. F. E. J. Lloyd.

Chancellor of the Church Dr. E. J. Sneed, 338 North Lorel Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

GENERAL STATEMENT

Organized in the year 1885, and incorporated under the Laws of Illinois in 1915 for the purpose of bringing together Catholics of America interested in the Old Catholic Movement. It brings together in visible bonds of unity other bodies while each remains independent and carries on its work in its own sphere. It re- ceived the Episcopate from the Syrian Church of Antioch, and it has transmitted it to the Swedish Orthodox Church and the African Orthodox Church. Its first Bishop and present Exarch organized the Old Roman Catholic Church. The bishops of all these Churches are members of the Conclave of the National Synod of the American Catholic Church.

In doctrine all these churches are in full accord with the Orth- odox Churches of the East and the Old Catholic Churches of Europe. They accept the Seven Oecumenical Councils of the, Undivided Church prior to 1054 ; they reject the filioque clause, the papal supremacy and infallibility, the Immaculate Concep- tion, and denounce all union of Church and State.

OLD ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

%

Board of the Old Roman Catholic Church ; semiannually.

Bishop

The Most Rev. J. R. Vilatte, D. C., Metropolitan and Primate, 4427 North Mulligan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

Periodicals

Ex Onente Lux, published by the Board, 4427 North Mulligan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

14 Year Book of the Churches

GENERAL STATEMENT

Organized and Incorporated in 1904 for the purpose of work among Catholics of foreign language holding to the Orthodox faith. It is m communion and cooperates with the American Catholic Church.

SWEDISH ORTHODOX CHURCH Swedish Orthodox Synod meets semi-annually.

Bishop The Rt. Rev. Carl A. Nybladh, Seattle, Washington.

GENEEAL STATEMENT

Organized in 1920 with the help of the American Catholic Consistory It is in communion with the American Catholic Church. Its work is restricted to persons speaking the Swedish language-

AFRICAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

General Synod, annually, last meeting September, 1922 African Orthodox Consistory at call of Primate.

Bishop

The Rt. Rev. G. Alex. McGuire, Primate, 224 West 135th Street, New York, N. Y.

Periodical

The Negro Churchman, published monthly by the Consistory, 224 West 135th Street, New York, N. Y.

GENEEAL STATEMENT

Organized September 2, 1921, It admits to membership and other privileges persons of all races, but seeks particularly to reach out to those of African descent, and declares itself to be perpetually autonomous and controlled by Negroes Its faith is Orthodox. It is in communion with the American Catholic Church. Its missionary work has extended to Canada, Cuba and Haiti.

ARMEJSttAN CHURCH IN AMERICA

Rt. Eev. Bishop Tirayre, Primate of Church of Armenia in America; P. Selian, Secretary, 401 Old South Bldg., Boston,

Mass.

CENTRAL COMMITTEE ON RELIGION. Sec., Father Atik Tzotzigian. CENTRAL FINANCE COMMITTEE. Sec., Mr. M. Berbenan.

There are fourteen general parishes in America, each including the parishes adjacent to the city giving name, as follows: Worcester,

Directory of Religious Bodies 15

Boston, Lowell, Providence, Connecticut, New York, Chicago, Detroit, California, Fresno, Fawler, Los Angeles, Yettem, Richmond, Cleve- land, St. Louis, Canada and South America.

History

For many years Armenians have been coming to this country, driven here by political disturbances and the disappointment of po- litical hopes. Some of these belonging to the Protestant Armenian Church, on coming to America identified themselves with the Con- gregational or Presbyterian denominations. The greater number, however, belong to the national church in Armenia and adhere to that faith.

Doctrine

The doctrinal system is founded on the Nicene Creed without the addition made by the Western Church in regard to the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son, as well as from the Father. Their creed is explicit in teaching that Christ was perfect God and perfect man. The authorized version of the Scriptures is the translation made 412 A. D., by St. Samake and other fathers of the Armenian Church. Seven sacraments are accepted. Baptism is invariably administered by immersion, generally eight days after birth, and is followed immediately by the sacrament which is administered by the anointing with chrism or sacred oil, and by the laying on of hands by the officiating priest. Holy Communion is administered in both kinds, even to infants, so that practically every baptized Armenian is also a communicant. Auricular confession is practiced and priestly absolution is given. Every communicant is required to present him- self to the priest, even if he has no sins to confess, and receive indi- vidual absolution before he can receive the Holy Communion. Prayers for the dead are offered. The saints and the Blessed Virgin are vener- ated, but the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception is not a part of the creed.

Polity

The government of the Armenian Church is both democratic and at the same time hierarchical, every officer being chosen by the people, but every minister having to be ordained by a Bishop who can trace his own commission to the Apostles through bishops in apostolic suc- cession. The Cathohcos of Etchmiadzine is the supreme head of all the Armenian churches throughout the world, to whom are subordin- ated the Armenian patriarchs of Jerusalem and Constantinople, with their Archbishops, Bishops, and prelates.

AMERICAN RESCUE WORKERS

(Formerly American Salvation Army)

Council, annual.

National headquarters: 2827 Frankford Ave., Philadelphia. Pa.

Officers: Pres., Gen. James William Duffin; Vice-Pres. and s.j Brig. Gen. George A. Crider.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Chmn., Brig. Gen. Geo. A. Crider. ADVISORY COMMITTEE. Ckrnn., Brig. Gen. Geo. A. Crider.

Periodical Rescue Herald (quarterly), Editor, George A. Crider.

16 Year Book of the Churches

History

. In 1882 Thomas E, Moore, connected with the Salvation Army,, with a number of the American officers of that organization with- drew because of controversy in regard to financial administration. These headed a movement of independent work which was incor- porated in 1884, and in 1885 was granted an amended charter under the name of the "Salvation Army of America." In 1913 the name was changed to "American Rescue Workers."

Doctrine and Polity

American Rescue Workers recognize the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper, and are both an evangelistic and philanthropic organization. Their doctrines may be briefly stated as follows : The Bible is the inspired word of God, and is the rule of faith and guide to action, Jesus Christ was God manifest m the flesh; all who truly accept Christ as a personal Savior may be saved. The board of directors is elected to represent the corporation, the majority of them being laymen. Titles to property are vested in the board and not in the general. Corps having real estate have their own local boards. Should a corps cease to exist, the board of directors is qualified to become the custodian of the property for purposes of the organization.

ASSEMBLIES OF GOD

General Council, annual

Headquarters . 336 W. Pacific Street, Springfield, Mo. Officers : Chmn.9 Bev. B N. Bell, Springfield, Mo. ; See,, Rev. J. W Welch, Springfield, Mo.

EXECUTIVE PRESBYTERY AND MISSIONARY COMMITTEE. Chmn.f Rev. E. N. Bell.

Schools

Nntne. Location. PrvncipctL

Central Bible Institute Springfield, Mo Elder D, W Ken.

Ehm Bible School. . . Rochestei, N Y Eldci V S Mumbulo.

Southern California Bible School , Los Angeles, Cal Elder Harold K Needham. Glad Tidings Bible School. . San Francisco, Cal, Elder R J Craig

Bethel Bible School Newark, N J. Elder Frank W Boyd

The Gospel School . . Fmdlay, 0 . .Elder T K Leonard

Beulah Heights B.ble Training School Bergen, N J... Elder Wm. M, Faux.

Periodicals

Pentecostal Evangel (weekly), Sunday School Helps, Spring- field, Mo , Editor, S. H. Fradsham.

History

Following -upon the great revival in 1907, a number of churches, missions, or assemblies m the United States and Canada entered upon an individual and distinctly -evangelistic type of mission work. This was at first purely independent and voluntary, but some associa- tion and mutual fellowship became recognized as valuable and in 1914 a call was made for all interested in Bible order, system and united doctrine to meet at Hot Springs, Arkansas. About 100 dele- gates came to this meeting, representing a variety of denominations, some of them never having belonged to any denomination. An or- ganization was agreed upon and incorporated in Arkansas in Oc- tober, 1914, and in Missouri m November, 1916, under the name of "Assemblies of God, General Council."

Directory of Religious Bodies 17

Doctrine

The Assemblies of God are mostly Armenian in doctrine. Dis- tinctive tenets appear to be special emphasis upon the baptism of the Holy Ghost; sanctification as the goal for all believers; divine heal- ing; the premillennial and imminent coming of Jesus to judge the world in righteousness, while reigning on earth for a thousand years; everlasting punishment for the wicked, and a new heaven and a new earth for the believers. "The Assemblies of God" are conscientiously opposed to participation in war.

Polity

The polity of the denomination is a combination of the congre- gational and presbyterial systems. The local churches are congre- gational in the conduct of their affairs. They act, however, under the advice and suggestions of elders or presbyters.

There are state bodies called district councils, and there is a General Council, for the consideration of affairs belonging to the church at large.

ASSYRIAN JACOBITE APOSTOLIC CHURCH

Priest : Hanna Koorie, 930 Broadway, Woodcliff, N. J.

Congregations are in the New England states, New York, New Jersey and Pacific states. Very Keverend Hanna Koorie is the only priest in America. He preaches in the Assyrian Language in the Protestant Episcopal churches in the cities and cooperates with them.

Periodical

Beth Nahrin (Mesopotamia), 307 Sussex St., Paterson, N. J., Editor, N. E. Palak.

History

The Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church traces its origin to the first twelve apostles of Christ, particularly to St. Peter, who was the first Patriarch of Antioch.

The Assyrian fathers were the first Christian missionaries. From the beginning of Christianity, they went to Gaul, Persia, India, China and Africa, where under extreme persecutions they succeeded in establishing numerous schools and monasteries. From the dawn of Christianity the Assyrians have been constantly persecuted by the various Roman, Greek, Persian and Turkish rulers. Judging from the continuous numerous outrages, it seems that the Turks and the Arabs aimed to exterminate all the Assyrian Christians. In the face of all these persecutions, the Assyrians gallantly faced death and to this day ably uphold their Christian faith.

On account of the contact with American missionaries who had established schools in various localities, the attention of the Assyrians was turned to America. The people fled from the rule of the bar- barous Turk and sought shelter under the American flag. Soon there were several large Assyrian communities. Some of these were members of the Assyrian Roman Catholic Church, others belonged to the Assyrian Protestant Church, while still others belonged to the Assyrian Nestorian Church or the Chaldean Church. On coming here all except the Nestorians identified themselves with their respec- tive American denominations. As the number of the immigrants continued to increase the national Church services were in great de- mand, for the majority of the people were members of the Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic faith.

18 Year Book of the Churches

In April, 1907, the Assyrian Americans sent Deacon Hanna Koorie, then of Paterson, N. J., to Jerusalem. There he was or- dained priest and later a koone (cvhoorie). He returned to this country on September 28th of the same year. Immediately after returning to America, he assembled the wandering Assyrians, for the first time, to worship in St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Paterson, N. J. His people are mostly scattered in various states throughout the continent, particularly in the New England, the Middle Atlantic, the East-North Central and the Pacific states.

In 1919 the Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church was built in West Hoboken, N. J. In other localities, arrangements are frequently made with the rectors of different churches for the weekly services of the Assyrian congregation whenever the priest makes his regular calls. In some places halls are rented for Church services.

Doctrine

The doctrine of the Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church is based on the Nicene Creed. It varies, however, from the Western Church concerning the "Procession of the Holy Ghost" and uses "The Holy Ghost proceeded from the Father and is with the Son." It accepts the canons of the first three General Councils of the Church, namely, the Nicene, Constantinople and Ephesus, as well as the writings of the recognized fathers of the Church of the period of these councils. It teaches that Christ was perfect God and perfect man. The inter- pretation of the Bible, the ecclesiastical ordinances, as well as the tradition of the Church, are held equally important. The seven sacra- ments, Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Orders and Matrimony, are accepted. Baptism is administered by pouring or immersion, chieflv the latter, usually several days after birth and is followed immediately by confirmation which the officiating priest administers by anointing with the sacred oil or chrism in the form of a cross and by laying on of the hands. The minister also breathes on the child and the water. Auricular confession is ac- cepted. Holy commanion is the sacrament which contains the body and blood of Christ under appearance of bread and wine. It is re- ceived fasting and is given to the laity in one kind, the form of bread. Saints and the Blessed Virgin are venerated, and prayers arc offered for the dead.

Polity

The organization of the Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church cen- ters on the Patriarch who resides at Mardm, Dair el Zahfaran, and his authority is supreme in faith and all Church matters. Next in rank is the Mif rian who resides in Mosul and who alone can become Patriarch. Then follow the Iskiffs and the Mitrans, who, together with the Mifrian, act as the advisers of the Patriarch and as heads of various commissions or congregations which have charge of the Church administration. Only a Mifrian can become a Patriarch. The Mifrian is chosen from the Mitrans, all of whom are celibates. The Iskiffs can not rise higher in rank because they are widowed. Then follow the office of Koorie (Cvhoorie), Rhahib, priest and deacon, respectively. A deacon who is tinder thirty years of age can not be ordained to the office of priesthood, A celibate deacon can be or- dained to the office of Ehahib, Mitran, Mifrian and Patriarch* A married deacon can become a Priest, a Koorie (Cvhoorie), and Iskiff.

The government of the Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church is democratic because every officer of the Church from the lowest to the highest is chosen by the people. It is also in a sense hierarchical, for every minister must be ordained by a bishop whose commission is traced to the Apostles through the apostolic succession of bishops.

Directory of Religious Bodies 19

BAHAI MOVEMENT

"For universal religion, brotherhood and peace."

Annual Convention.

Officers : Pres., Mountf ord Mills, 2211 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ; 8ec., Alfred E. Lunt, 89 State St., Boston, Mass. ; Chmn. Library Com., Mr. Chas. Mason Remey, P. 0. Box 1319, "Wash- ington, D. C.

Periodicals

Star of the West, Box 283, Chicago, III.; Reality, 415 Madison Ave., New York City; Teaching Bulletin, Sec., Marian Haney, The Mendota, Washington, D. C.

History

Parallel with the prophecies of different religions relating to the establishment of a divine dispensation or kingdom among men have been prophecies relative to the coming of a great divine teacher, or divinely manifested "One," who would reform religion, restore its pristine purity, secure its wider adoption, and establish spiritual unity among the peoples of all the different nations, races, and re- ligions. In Persia in 1844 a young man named Ah Mohammed de- clared himself to be such, calling himself the Bab (Arabic for door or gate), forerunner of the Promised Divine One whom he heralded as "He Whom God Would Manifest."

Doctrine

The general principles of the Bahais founded by teachings of the "Bab" are: The oneness of the religions of the world; the one- ness of all humanity; the universal brotherhood of man; universal peace ; and the perfect harmony of religion and science. Bahaism has no clergy, no religious ceremonial, no public prayers. Its only dogma is belief in God and His manifestations. In international relations the Bahais urge the necessity of a universal language to bring men into closer fellowship and mutual understanding, emphasize the in- cumbency of a Parliament of Man — a universal tribunal of justice or arbitration for the adjustment of international affairs — and teach the power of the Holy Spirit in the life of humanity.

Polity

There is no regular organization of Bahais. One may be a Bahai and still retain active membership in another religious body.

BAPTIST BODIES

GENERAL STATEMENT

The Baptist bodies of today trace their origin as distinct com- munities to the Protestant Reformation.

As soon as the Reformation gave men opportunity to inter- pret the teachings of the Scriptures for themselves, and to em- body their convictions in speech and act, persons holding Baptist doctrines began to appear. In the first quarter of the sixteenth century they were found in Germany and Switzerland, and were called Anabaptists (Re-Baptizers), because they in- sisted that persons baptized in infancy must, upon profession of

20 Year Book of the Churches

conversion, and in order to gain admission into church fellow- ship, be baptized again, although they do not appear to have insisted always on immersion.

The first Calvinistic or Particular Baptist church was formed in London in 1638, its members seceding peaceably from an older Separatist congregation. In 1641 a further secession from the same Separatist church occurred, and the new group became convinced from study of the New Testament that the apostolic baptism was immersion. They sent one of their number to Hol- land, where he was immersed by a minister of the Collegiate church at Ehynsberg, where the practice of immersion had been introduced, and on his return the rest of the church were immersed.

The first Baptist church in America was probably established by Roger Williams in Providence, E. I., in 1639, although this is disputed by the First Baptist Church of Newport, E. I., organized, it is claimed, with John Clarke as its pastor, the same year or shortly after. Eoger Williams baptized Ezekiel Holli- man, who in turn baptized him. Williams then baptized ten others, and this company of Baptist believers organized them- selves into a church.

The history of the early Baptist churches in New England is one of constant struggle for existence. The Puritan govern- ment of Massachusetts was so bitter in its opposition that nearly a century after Eoger Williams there were but eight Baptist churches in that colony. Conditions elsewhere were similar, although farther south there was less persecution.

With the general emancipation from ecclesiastical rule that followed the Eevolutionary War, all disabilities were removed from the Baptists in the different states, and the new Federal Constitution effaced the last vestige of religious inequality.

In 1792 the Baptists of England organized a missionary so- ciety to send William Carey to India, and many of the Baptist- churches in the United States became interested in the movement and contributed toward its support. The first foreign mission- ary society in America was the American Board, organized in 1810, in which Congregational, Presbyterian, "Reformed, and other churches united, and among its first missionaries were Adoniram Judson, Ms wife, and Luther Bice. Knowing that in India they were to meet Baptists, they made special study of Baptist doctrine, and before landing came to the conclusion that believers' baptism by immersion was the true method. Judson immediately sent word of their change of view, and Eice soon after returned to America to present the cause of Baptist mis- sions, and succeeded in arousing much interest in the churches. To meet the new conditions it became evident that some organi- zation was essential, and in 1814 The General Missionary Con-

Directory of Religious Bodies 21

vention of the Baptist Denomination in the United States of America for Foreign Missions was formed.

The missionary work of this organization, however, repre- sented only a part of its scope or achievement. It was, indeed, the first step toward bringing the various local churches to- gether, overcoming the disintegrating tendencies of extreme independence, and arousing denominational consciousness. A home missionary society was organized in 1832. A tract society had been formed in 1824, which in 1840 was renamed the " Amer- ican Baptist Publication Society."

As the discussion in regard to slavery became acute, there arose the differences which resulted in the present three conven- tions— Northern, Southern, and National. The southern churches withdrew in 1845 and formed the Southern Baptist Convention, whose purpose was to do for the southern Baptist churches just what the general convention had hitherto done for the entire Baptist denomination. It was not a new denomina- tion; simply a new organization for the direction of the mis- sionary and general evangelistic work of the churches of the Southern states.

The development of the National Baptist Convention, repre- senting the Negro churches, was necessarily slow, and was not complete until many years after the organization of the Southern Baptist convention.

These early American Baptist churches belonged to the Par- ticular, or Calvinistie branch. Later, Arminian views became widely spread for a time, but ultimately the Calvinistie view of the atonement was generally accepted by the main body of Baptists in the Colonies. The divisions which now exist began to make their appearance at a relatively early date, In 1652, the church at Providence divided, one party organizing a church which marked the beginning of the General Six Principle Bap- tists. The Seventh Day Baptist body organized its first church at Newport in 1671. Arminianism practically disappeared from the Baptist churches of New England about the, middle of the eighteenth century, but General Baptists were found in Virginia before 1714, and this branch gained a permanent foothold in the South. As a result of the revival movement, which followed Whitefield's visit to New England in 1740, the Separate Bap- tists came into existence and at one time were very numerous. The Free Baptists, in 1779, once more gave a general and widely accepted expression in New England to the Arminian view of the atonement.

Soon after the Revolutionary War the question of the evan- gelization of the Negro race assumed importance, and a Colored Baptist church was organized in 1788. "With the general revival movement at the close of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries, to which the Free Baptists owed no small

22 Year Book of the Churches

part of their growth, there developed, especially in the moun- tain sections of the Middle West and in the Southern states, a reaction toward a sterner Calvinism, which, combined with the natural Baptist emphasis upon individualism, produced a num- ber of associations strictly, even rigidly, Calvimstic, some of them going to the extent of dualism, as in the doctrine of the Two-Seed-m-the-Spirit Predestinanan Baptists.

About the same time, as missionary work became organized into societies, many of these associations opposed, not so much mission work itself, as its organization, through fear of a de- veloping ecclesiasticism These were variously termed "Old School, " " Anti-Mission, " " Hard Shell, ' ' and ' ' Primitive ' ' Bap- tists; hut gradually the term " Primitive " became the most widely known and adopted. In contradistinction to these, the associations, or churches, which approved of missionary socie- ties, came to be designated Missionary Baptists, though there was no definite denominational organization under that name.

The denominations mentioned, however, do not represent all who hold Baptist views, for during the revival period just re- ferred to, the Disciples of Christ, or Churches of Christ, arose, who in practice are essentially Baptists, although they differ from the other bodies in some interpretations. "With them also may be classed the Adventists, the Brethren (Dunker, Plymouth, and River), Mennonitcs, and certain other bodies. The Arme- nian and Eastern Orthodox Churches practice baptism by im- mersion, but do not limit it to those of mature years.

By far the largest body of Baptists, not only in the. United States, but in the world, is that popularly known as "Baptists," though frequently referred to, and listed in the census of 1890, as "Regular Baptists." Other Baptist bodies prefix some de- scriptive adjective, such as "Primitive," "United," "General," "Free," etc., but this, which is virtually the parent body, com- monly has no such qualification. Its churches, however, are ordi- narily spoken of as "Northern," "Southern," and "National," or "Colored." This does not imply any radical divergence in doctrine or ecclesiastical order. All are essentially one in these respects, and the division into the three major groups is largely for administrative purposes.

Doctrine

The cardinal principle of Baptists is implicit obedience to the plain teachings of the Word of God. Under this principle, while maintaining with other evangelical bodies the great truths of the Christian religion, they hold: (1) That the churches are independent in their local affairs; (2) that there should be an entire separation of church and state; (3) that religious liberty or freedom in matters of religion is an inherent right of the human soul; (4) that a church is a body of regenerated people

Directory of Religious Bodies 23

who have been baptized on profession of personal faith in Christ, and have associated themselves in the fellowship of the gospel; (5) that infant baptism is not only not taught in the Scriptures, but is fatal to the spirituality of the church; (6) that from the meaning of the word used in the Greek text of the Scriptures, the symbolism of the ordinance, and the practice of the early church, immersion in water is the only proper mode of baptism; (7) that the scriptural officers of a church are pastors and deacons; and (8) that the Lord's Supper is an ordinance of the church observed in commemoration of the sufferings and death of Christ.

The beliefs of Baptists have been incorporated in confessions of faith. Of these, the Philadelphia Confession, originally issued by the London Baptist churches in 1689 and adopted with some enlargements by the Philadelphia Association in 1742, and the New Hampshire Confession, adopted by the New Hampshire State Convention in 1832, are recognized as the most important. The Philadelphia Confession is strongly Oalvinistic. The New Hampshire Confession modifies some of the statements of the earlier documents, and may be characterized as moderately Cal- vinistic. But while these confessions are recognized as fair ex- pressions of the faith of Baptists, there is nothing binding in them, and they are not regarded as having any special authority. The final court of appeal for Baptists is the "Word of God. Within limits, considerable differences in doctrine are allowed, and thus opportunity is given to modify beliefs as new light may break from or upon the ' 'Word." Among Baptists, heresy trials are rare.

Polity

Baptist church polity is congregational or independent. Each church is sovereign so far as its own discipline and worship are concerned, calls or dismisses its own pastor, elects its own dea- cons or other officers, and attends to its own affairs. Admission to church membership is by vote of the church, usually after examination of the candidate by the church committee. There is no specific age limit, although the admission of very young children is discouraged. All members have equal voting rights in church matters, except that in some churches they are re- stricted to those over a certain age. The officers are the pastor and deacons, who, with such other persons as the church may elect, constitute a church committee, usually called the standing committee, and have general care of the affairs of the church, but no authority, except as it is specifically delegated to them by the church Church property is held sometimes by a board of trustees, sometimes by the entire society, and sometimes by a special committee of the church.

For missionary and educational or other purposes, Baptist

24 Year Book of the Churches

churches usually group themselves into associations. The oldest is the Philadelphia Association, organized in 1707, which stood alone until 1751, when the Charleston Association was formed in South Carolina. These associations meet annually and are composed of messengers sent by the churches. They elect their' own officers, receive reports from the churches, and make recom- mendations with regard to work or other matters in which the churches are interested. They have, however, no authority to legislate for the churches, and no power to enforce any action they may take.

Applicants for the ministry are licensed to preach by the church in which they hold membership. If after a period of service as licentiate, ordination is desired, a council of sister churches is called by the church in which membership is held, and on the recommendation of this council the church arranges for ordination. In both cases the right to license and the right to ordain are held by the individual church. Previous to ordi- nation there is always an examination of the candidate on mat- ters of religious experience, call to the ministry, and views on scriptural doctrine. During his ministry a pastor is usually a member of the church which he serves, and is amenable to its discipline. "When a question of dismissal from the ministry arises, the individual church calls a council of sister churches for the examination of charges, and on the recommendation of this council, the church usually bases its decision.

Besides local associations, Baptists have also organized state conventions or state mission societies, state educational societies, city mission societies, etc. These larger bodies attend to mis- sionary or educational work in the various states or districts, and are supported by the churches.

NORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION

Convention, annual ; next meeting, Atlantic City, N. J., May 23-29, 1923.

Thirty-seven state conventions and about 1,200 associations.

Officers: Pres., Rev. Frederick E. Taylor, 1935 N. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Ind.; Exec. Sec., Kev. W. C. Bitting, 5109 Waterman Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. ; Treas., Frank L. Miner, 1000 Valley National Bank Bldg., Des Moines, la.

GENERAL BOAED OP PROMOTION. Gen. Direc.t Kev. J. Y. Aitchi- son, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City; Ex. Sees., Eev. F. W. Padel- ford, Rev. Hugh A. Heath; Treas., James C. Colgate; Bus. Manager, H. R. Greaves.

AMERICAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY, 276 Fifth Ave., N. Y. C. Pres., Kev. W. S. Abernethy, Chastelton Apt., Wash., B. C. ; Sees., Eev. James H. Franklin, Eev. J. C. Eobbins; Associate and Rec. Secy., W. B. Lipphard; Treas., George B. Huntington; Foreign and Candidate Sec., Eev. P. H. J. Lerrigo.

Directory of Religious Bodies 25

AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY, 1701 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., L. S. Chapman, N. Y. C.; Gen. Sec., Eev. Gilbert N. Brink; Treas., George L. Estabrook; Bus. Mgr., H. E. Cressman; Book Editor, Rev. D. G. Stevens; Editor-in-Chief, Sunday School Publications, Eev. W. E. Raffety; Religious Educ. Sec., Rev. W. E. Chalmers; Social Education Sec.9 Rev. S. Z. Batten; Bible and Field Sec., Rev. S. G. Neil.

AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY, 23 E. 26th St., New York City, Pres., F. W'. Freeman; Exec. Sec, Rev. C. L. White; Sec. English-Speaking Missions and Indian Work, Rev. L. C. Barnes; Supt. of Work in Latin N. A., Rev. C. S. Detweiler; Sec. of Educa- tion, Rev. G. R. Hovey; Sec. City and Foreign-Speaking Missions, Rev. C. A. Brooks; Architect Sec., George E. Merrill; Sec. Social Service and Rural Community Work, Rev. C. A. Brooks; Dept. of Evangelism, Rev. H. F. Stilwell; Treas., Samuel Bryant, New York.

WOMAN'S AMERICAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City. Pres., Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, Roches- ter, N. Y.; Foreign Vice-Pres, Mrs. Nathan R. Wood, Mass.; Home Vice-Pres., Mrs. H. E. Goodman, Illinois; Treas., Miss Alice M. Hud- son; Foreign Sec., Miss Nellie G. Prescott; Acting Home See., Miss Helen Hudson.

WOMAN'S AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City. Pres., Mrs. G. W. Coleman, Boston; Exec. Sec., Mrs. Katherine S. Westfall; Missionary Correspondence Sec., Clara

E. Norcutt; Treas., Mrs. Mary C. Bloomer; Org. Sec., Ina E. Burton; Christian Americanization Sec., Alice W. S. Brimson, Chicago, 111.; Candidate Sec., Jessie Dodge White.

WORLD-WIDE GUILD (HOME AND FOREIGN). Sec., Miss Alma J, Noble, 218 Lancaster Ave., Buffalo, N. Y.; Field Sec.t Miss Helen Crissman.

CHILDREN'S WORLD CRUSADE (HOME AND FOREIGN). Sec.t Miss Mary L. Noble, 218 Lancaster Ave., Buffalo, N. Y.

BOARD OF EDUCATION, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City. Sec., Rev.

F. W. Padelford; Asst. Sec., Rev. Geo. R. Baker.

MINISTERS AND MISSIONARIES BENEFIT BOARD, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City. Pres., E. H. Haskell, 176 Federal St., Boston, Mass.; Exec. Sec., Rev. E. T. Tomlinson; Associate Sec., Rev. Peter C, Wright; Treas., A. M. Harris.

BAPTIST YOUNG PEOPLE'S UNION OF AMERICA, 125 N. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. Pres., Rev. C. W. Atwater, Cincinnati, 0.; Gen, Sec., Rev. J. A. White; Treas., 0. 0. Montague, Chicago, 111.

Theological Seminaries Name Location President or Dean

Berkeley Divinity School . . . .Berkeley, Calif C. M. Hill.

Divinity School, University of Chi- cago . . Chicago, 111 . . Shailer Mathews.

Colgate Theological Seminary.. . Hamilton, N. Y . J. F. Vichert.

Crozer Theological Seminary. . . Upland, Pa... Milton G. Evans.

Kansas City Baptist Theological

Seminary Kansas City, Kans P. W. Crannell.

Newton Theological Institution Newton Centre, Mass George E. Horn

Northern Baptist Theological Semi- nary Chicago, 111 G. W. Taft.

Rochester Theological Seminary. ..Rochester, N. Y.. . .C. A. Barbour.

Training Schools

Baptist Missionary Training School . Chicago, 111.. Mrs. Clara D. Pinkham,

Kansas City Training School .Kansas City, Kans P. W. Crannell.

Baptist Institute for Christian Workers Philadelphia, Pa. J. M. Wilbur.

Danish Baptist Theological Semi- nary . . . .... .... Des Moines, Iowa . N. S. Lawdahl.

Hungarian Trainmar School . Cleveland, Ohio . . . Stephen Orosz.

Norwegian Baptist Divinity House.. Chicago, 111 . . . H. Gundersen.

Russian Training School New York City . John Bokmelder.

Slovak Training School . Chicago, 111 ... V. Kralicek.

Swedish Training: School St. Paul, Minn . . . G. A. Hagstrom,

26

Year Book of the Churches

Colleges and Universities

Name *Bates College Brown University Bucknell University Carleton College University of Chicago ,	Location , , . .Lewiston, Me . Providence, R. I . . . Lewisburg, Pa .Northfield, Minn . . . Chicago 111	President or Dean C D Gray W. H. P. Faunce , Emory W. Hunt. Donald J. Cowling. Ki most I) Button \cting
Colby College	. , . Watervillc, Me.	Arthur J Roberts,
Colgate University Denison, Univeisity .	.Hamilton, N Y . .Granville Ohio	Geoige B. Cutton Clark W Chamberlain.
Des Homes University . . Franklin College Grand Island College . . . Hillsdale College , . . Kalamazoo College Keuka College McMmnville College . . . , Ottawa University . , .. Rio Grande College . University of Redlands University of Rochester Shurtleff College Sioux Falls College Temple University . Vassar College , . William Jewell College	. . Des Moines, Iowa , Franklin, Ind, .Grand Island, Neb. , ,, Hillsdale, Mich .Kalamazoo, Mich ..Keuka Park, N. Y . .McMmnville, Oreg , . Ottawa, Kans . . , Rio Grande, Ohio . . Redlands, Calif , . . .. ..Rochester, N. Y Alton, 111 . . . Sioux Falls, S D Philadelphia, Pa . .Poughkeepsie, N, Y . . Liberty, Mo, , ,	John W, Million .C. E. Goodell Rev. John Mason Wells. Win. SptMH'ci Gem. Rev Allen T Ilohcn .Arthur II. Norton .Leonard W. Riley. . S. E. Puce. Simeon H. Bing. Victor L Duke. .Rush Rhees. Geoige M. Potter. . .Fred G Bought on. R. H. Conwell, Henry N. MacCracken.

Alderson Baptist Academy. Broaddus Co-liege . , . . Cedar Valley College Colorado "Woman's College FrancevS Shinier School .

Hardm College

Lagrange College

Stephens College ..

Bethel! Academy Cobum Classical Institute Colby Academy . Cook Academy , Doane Academy .... Hebron Academy . . . Higgins Classical Institute Keystone Acaderny . ... Maine Central Institute . Peddie Institute .... Pillsburg Academy Ricker Classical Institute Southwest Academy . . . . ,

Suffield School

Vermont Academy .... Wayland Academy . , Will Mayfleld Academy , . Worcester Academy ... ,

Junior Colleges

. . . Alderson, W. Va .Phihppi, W. Va . Osage, Iowa ....

... . Denver, Colo .Mt. Carroll, 111. . . Mexico, Mo

, . .Lagrange, Mo . .Columbia, Mo

M F. Fotbdl Rev. Klkaiwh Hnlley. .W. R. Barbour. . J. W. Bailey, .William P. McKee. .S J. Vaughn, D. J. Scott . .James M. Wood.

Academies

.St. Paul, Minn. ... ..Waterville, Me. . New London, N. H .

• Montour Falls, N. Y

.Granville, Ohio . .

.Hebron, Me. Charleston, Me . . Factoryville, Pa

.Pittsfield, Me..

.Hightstown, N. J. . Owatonna, Minn ..Houlton, Me . .

.Bolivar, Mo ..Suffield, Conn ,

Saxtona River, Vh, ..Beaver Dam, Wis ..Marble Hill, Mo . . Worcester, Mass .

..A. J. Wingblade

D. T. Harthorn. ..Gams H. Bairett. . B. C. Cate. ..H. R. Hundley. . Jas 1) Howlott

William A. Tracy.

Curtis P Coe. . Rhnei R. Vemll.

R W S wetland. . Milo B. Price. . E. H. Stover.

John Cavlin Pike, . H. G. Truesdell

Raymond McFarland.

B. P. Brown

A. F. Hendrick. .S F. Holmes.

* Founded by Free Baptists.

Official Periodicals

The BrtphKl, 417 So. Dearborn St., Chicago III, Editor, Edgar L. Killam; Missions, 276 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y.3 Editor, Rev H. B. Grose,

Other Periodicals

Chrestinul (Rumanian) (semi-monthly), Detroit, Mich., Editor, Key. J. B. Socaciu; Jugend-Herold (German) (monthly), Cleveland, 0., Editor, Rev. F. W. C. Meyer; Muntere Saeman (monthly). Cleve- land, 0., Editor, Rev, Gottlob Fetzer; Sendbote (weekly), Cleveland 0., Editor, Bev. Gottlob Fetzer; Wegweiser (monthly), Cleveland, 0.,

Directory of Religious Bodies 27

Editor, Rev. Gottlob Fetzer; Evangehsta (Spanish) (monthly), San Juan, P. R., Editor, H. W. Vodra; II Cnstiano (Italian) (weekly), Brooklyn, N. Y., Editor, A. Mangano; Nya Vecko-Posten (Swedish) (weekly), Chicago, 111., Editor, Bev. E. Wingren; Sondagsskolan och H emmet (Swedish) (quarterly), Chicago, 111., and Svenska Standaret (weekly), Chicago, 111., Editor, Waldemar Skoglam; Vaegteren (Dan- ish-Norwegian) (weekly), Harlan, la., Editor, Rev. J. Lunn; Watch- man-Examiner (weekly), New York, N. Y., Editor, Rev. Curtis Lee Laws; Wawr (Welsh) (monthly), Utica, N. Y., Editor, G. Griffith; Baptist Observer (weekly) , Indianapolis, Ind., Editor, Rev. T. J. Par- sons; Baptist Record (weekly), Pella, la., Editor, Rev. J. A. Lapham.

History

After the withdrawal of the Southern churches, 1845, the Bap- tist churches of the North continued to grow. The intense contro- versies of the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth century were no longer manifest. Educational institutions developed and there came to be a general unity of purpose and of life. T.he individualism which distinguished earlier times gradually gave place to a closer associationalism. Various organizations which had al- ready proved their value elsewhere were adopted into the denomina- tional life, all tending toward mutual church action. The Young People's Union rallied the forces of the young people, both for church life and general denominational activity. The Baptist Congress was formed for the consideration of matters affecting the general welfare of the churches. The American Baptist Missionary Union, which had fallen heir to the foreign work of the general convention, the Amer- ican Baptist Home Mission Society, the American Baptist Publica- tion Society, and other organizations, were carried on with energy.

The chief change in denominational methods of late years was the organization of the Northern Baptist Convention, at Washington, D. C., in 1907, as a strictly delegated body from the Baptist churches of the North and West. The three great denominational societies, including the separate societies of women, have placed themselves under its direction, and report each year to the convention. A single committee prepares a budget for the following year, based on. the estimates of the societies, which is apportioned according to states, associations, and churches. Organic union of the societies is beset with legal difficulties, but this method secures the chief advantages of organic union. The result has been to consolidate agencies, eliminate useless expenditures, prevent overlapping of missionary work, and in general to secure a unity, economy, and efficiency that was before sadly lacking. Increasingly satisfactory results along these lines have been observable from year to year, especially in the line of compact- ness of organization.

Doctrine and Polity

The doctrine and polity of the Northern Baptist churches have been set forth in the general statement on Baptists. In general, the Northern churches are held to be less rigidly Calvinistic in their doc- trine than the Southern churches. Membership and ministry are in- terchanged on terms of perfect equality. In the Northern Conven- tion, the dividing line between the white and negro churches is not as sharply drawn as in the Southern. There are Negro members of white churches, and Negro churches in white associations, while white and Negro associations mingle more freely.

28 Year Book of the Churches

SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION

Annual • next session held in Kansas City, Mo., May 16-21, 1923.

There is in each state a State Convention or General Asso- ciation. The Southern Baptist Convention, the State Conven- tions, and the district associations are composed of ministerial and lay members.

Officers : Pres., Rev. Edgar Young Mullins, Louisville, Ky. ; Sees., Rev. Hight C. Moore, Nashville, Tenn , J. Henry Burnett, Murf reesboro, Tenn. ; Treas., George W. Norton, Louisville, Ky.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Chmn., Rev. Edgar Young Mullins, Louisville, Ky.; Sec,, Eev. Eight C. Moore, Nashville, Tenn.

FOREIGN MISSION BOAKD, P. 0. Box 1595, Kichmond, Va. Pres., R. E. Gaines; Cor. Sec., Rev. J. F. Love; Asst. Sec.t Rev. T. B. Ray; Treas., George N. Sanders.

Home Mission Board, 1004 Healey Bldg., Atlanta,* Ga. Pres., Rev. John F Purser; Cor. Sec., Rev. B. D. Gray; Treas., C. S. Games; Enlistment Sec., Rev. 0. E. Bryan.

SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD, 161 8th Ave., North Nashville, Tenn. Pres., Rev. W. F. Powell ; Cor. Sec. and Treas., Rev. I. J. Van Ness.

RELIEF AND ANNUITY BOARD, 1608-9 Kirby Bldg., Dallas, Tex. Pres., Rev. Wallace Bassett; Cor. Sec.f Wm. Lunsford; Treas., Stew- art D. Beckley.

EDUCATION BOARD, 1214 Jefferson Co. Bank Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. Pres. Frank S. White; Cor? Sec., Rev. W. C. James; Treas. W. H. Manly.

LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT, Knoxville, Tenn. Chmn. Exec. Com., J. H. Anderson; Gen. Sec.. 3. T. Henderson.

WOMAN'S MISSIONARY UNION (auxiliary to Southern Baptist Convention), Jefferson Co. Bank Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. Pres., Mrs W. C. James, Birmingham, Ala.; Cor. Sec., Miss Kathleen Mallory; Treas., Mrs. W. C. Lowndes, 2114 Mt. Royal Terrace, Baltimore, Md. Organ: Royal Service (monthly), Miss Kathleen Mallory.

Colleges and Universities

Name Location President or Secretary

Alabama Central College. . .Tuscaloosa, Ala. .. , .J H. Poster.

Anderson College Anderson, S. C John E. White,

Averett College Danville, Va. IP. Craft

Baptist Bible Institute New Orleans, La . . . B. H. DeMent.

Baylor Female College Beilon, Tex . . .J. C. Hardy.

Baylor University Waco, "Tex. . .... Samuel P. Brooks,

Bessie Tift College Forsyth, Ga A. Chamlee.

Bethel College . . . ... Russellville, Ky George F. Dasher.

Bethel Female College . Hopkinsville, Ky . . . . . J. W. Gaines. Blue Mountain College . -S^e Mountain, Miss. .. . W, T. Lowrey. Burleson College ~

Carson-Newman College

.Greenville, Tex. . F. M McConnell

. Jefferson City, Tenn ... . Oscar E. Sams.

Central College Conway, Ark Doak S. Campbell

Chowan College Murf reesboro, N. C.. .Preston S. Vann.

Clark Memorial College . . . Newton, Miss John F. Carter.

Coker College Hartsville, S. C E. W. Sikes.

College of Marshall . .Marshall, Tex M. E. Hudson,

Cumberland College Williamsburg, Ky C. W. Ellsey.

Decatur College Decatur, Tex J, L. Ward.

Doyle Institute . Doyle, Tenn . , J. L Mu^kelly.

Ewmg College .. . Ewmg, 111 . August Gnesel.

Furman University Greenville, S. C ... . . . W. J. McGlothlin.

Georgetown College Georgetown, Ky M.B.Adams.

Greenville Female College. . , .Greenville, S. C D. M. Ramsay.

Hardin College Mexico* Ma S. J. Vaughn.

Hillman College Clinton, Miss W. T, Lowrey.

Directory of Religious Bodies

AV/ M e Hollms College . . . . Howard College Howard Payne College ... . Jacksonville College John B. Stetson University... Judson College for Youi Ladies Lagrange College . . ...	Location .Hollms, Va .East Lake, Birmingham, Ala . ... . Brownwood, Tex . . , ..Jacksonville, Tex .De Land, Fla	Ptesident ot Scoetaiy . . . Miss Matty L. Cocke. , . . . John C, Dawson . ...W. R. Hornburg . . .B. J. Albritton. . . Lincoln Hulley.
*g .Marion, Ala	. . . . .Paul V. Bomar.
, . Lagrange, Mo	...John W. Crouch. . . , C. Cottmgham.
Limestone College , . Louisiana College . . Mars Hill College ... Mercer University Meredith College	..Gaffney, S. C , . Pineville, La
.Mars Hill, N, C . . . .Macon, Ga. , . . . ..Raleigh, N. C.	. .R. L, Moore. ...Ruf us Weaver. , . .C. E. Brewer.
Mississippi College ...... , Mississippi Woman's College. Montezurna Baptist College. Newton College . . Oklahoma University . Ouashita College . Oxford College, Shorter College Simmons College ... Southern Female College .... Southwest Baptist College. . Stephens College . . . . . ,	, . Clinton, Miss Hattiesburg, Miss	, . . .J. W. Provme. . J. L. Johnson. . Layton Maddox, J. A. Lowry. . . . . J. B. Lawrence.
. East Las Vegas, N Mex Newton, Ala . . . .Shawnee, Okla
, . Arkadelphia, Ark. . Oxford, N. C . . , . Rome, Ga. . . . Abilene, Tex ..	. . . C. E. Dicken . F. P. Hobgood. ... W. D. Furry. J. D. San defer.
.Lagrange, Ga. . . . Bolivar, Mo>. . ... ..Columbia, Mo , . Murf reesboro, Tenn . . . .Jackson, Tenn ..Bristol, Va .Wake Forest, N. C, . Plamview, Tex. .Richmond College, Va .Liberty, Mo. . .. . ..Marble Hill, Mo ...	. . . C. W. Minor. . J. C. Pike. . . James M. Wood ..George J. Burnett. . .H. E. Waiters. .H. G. Noffsmger. . W. L. Poteat. E. B. Atwood .F. W. Boatwright. . . D. J. Evans. A. F. Hendncks.
Tennessee College for Women , Union University Virginia Intermont College. . . Wake Forest College ... . Wayland College Westhampton College . William Jewell College . Will Mavfield College

Theological Seminaries

Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Louisville, Ky ... E. Y. Mullms,

Southwestern Baptist Theologi- cal Seminary * , . .Fort Worth, Tex L. R. Scarborough.

Periodicals

Alabama Baptist (weekly), Birmingham, Ala., Editor, Rev. L. L. Gwaltn-ey; Baptist Advance (weekly), Little Bock, Ark., Editor, Rev. J. S. Compere; Kind Words, Boys' Weekly, Girls' Weekly, and Child's Gem (Weekly), Nashville, Tenn., Editor, Rev. Eight C. Moore; Bap- tist and Reflector (weekly), Nashville, Tenn., Editor, Rev. J. D. Moore; Baptist Chronicle (weekly), Alexandria, La., Editor, F. W. Tennm; Baptist Courier (weekly), Greenville, S. C., Editor, Rev. Z. T. Cody; Baptist Flag (weekly, Fulton, Ky., Editor, Rev. T. F. Moore; Baptist Messenger (weekly), Oklahoma City, Okla., Editor, Rev, C. P. Stealey; Baptist Record (weekly), Jackson, Miss., Editor, Rev. P. I. Lipsey; Baptist Review and Expositor (quarterly), Louisville, Ky., Editor, Rev. E. Y. Mullins; Baptist Standard (weekly), Dallas, Tex., Editor, Rev. E. C. Routh; Biblical Recorder (weekly), Raleigh, N. C., Editor, Rev. Livingston Johnson; Charity and Children, Thomas- ville, N. C., Editor, Archibald Johnson; Christion Index (weekly), Atlanta, Ga., Editor, Louie D. Newton; Convention, Southern Publica- tions (quarterly and monthly), Nashville, Tenn., Editors, Rev. E. C. Bargain and Rev. Hight C. Moore; Home and Foreign Fields (monthly), Editor, Rev. G. S. Dobbins, Nashville, Tenn; News and Truths (weekly), Murray, Ky., Editor, Rev. H. B. Taylor; Religious Herald (weekly), Richmond, Va., Editor, Rev. R. H. Pitt; South- western Journal of Theology, Seminary Hill, Texas, Editor, Rev. L. R. Scarborough; Western Recorder (weekly), Louisville, Ky., Editor Rev. V. I. Masters; Word and Way (weekly), Kansas City, Mo., Editor, Rev. S. M. Brown; Florida Baptist Witness, Jacksonville, Fla., Editor, Rev. J. W. Mitchell; Church Life (monthly), Baltimore, Md., Editor, John Kasbendike.

30 Year Book of the Churches

History

At the time of the formation of the Triennial Convention in 1814, the Baptist population was chiefly in New England and the Middle and Southern seaboard states, and the center of executive adminis- tration was located first at Philadelphia and subsequently at Boston. With the growth of migration to the South and Southwest, the num- ber of churches in those sections of the country greatly increased, and it became difficult to associate in a single advisory council more than a small percentage of the Baptist churches in the United States, especially as means of transportation were deficient and expensive. At the same time the question of slavery occasioned much discusssion between the two sections.

This led to formal withdrawal of the various Southern state con- ventions and auxiliary foreign mission societies, and to the organi- zation at Augusta, Ga., in May, 1845, of the Southern Baptist Con- vention. About 300 churches were represented. In all the discussions and m the final act of organization, there was very little bitterness, the prevalent conviction being that those of kindred thought would work more 'effectively together. The specific purpose of the conven- tion, as plainly set forth, was to carry out the benevolent purposes of the churches composing it; to elicit, combine, and direct their energies for the propagation of the gospel, and to cooperate for the promotion of foreign and domestic missions and other important ob- jects, while respecting the independence and equal rights of the churches themselves.

Previous to the Civil War the convention met biennially; since that time it has met annually. Two boards were organized, both of which were appointed by and reported to the convention — a foreign mission board, located at Richmond, Va., and a domestic or home mis- sion board, located first at Marion, Ala., afterwards at Atlanta, Ga, Subsequently boards were added to administer funds contributed for Bible distribution and to carry on Sunday school work. The Bible Board was afterwards consolidated with the Home Mission Board. The Sunday School Board failed through financial difficulties, but in 1891 a new board of the same nature was established at Nashville, Tenn.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine the Southern Baptist churches are in general har- mony with those of the North, although as a rule they are more strictly Calvinistic, and the Philadelphia Confession of Faith is more firmly held than in the northern churches. In polity, likewise, there is no essential difference. The northern and southern churches inter- change membership and ministry on terms of perfect equality, and their separation is administrative in character, not doctrinal or ec- clesiastical.

BAPTISTS (COLORED)— NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION

Convention, annual; next meeting, Los Angeles, Calif., Sep- tember, 1921

Officers : Pres., Eev. L. K. Williams, Chicago, 111. ; 8ec.> Prof- K. B Hudson, Selma, Ala. ; Treas., Rev. A. J. Stokes, Montgom- ery, Ala. ; Statistician, Eev. C. H. Parrish, Louisville, Ky.

FOREIGN MISSION BOARD, Philadelphia, Pa, Sec., Rev. J, E. East. Organ: The Mission Herald.

Directory of Religious Bodies 81

HOME MISSION BOARD, Wynne, Ark. See., Rev. W. F. Lovelace. Organ: Baptist Vanguard.

SUNDAY SCHOOL PUBLISHING BOARD, Nashville, Tenn. Sec., Rev. A. M. Townsend.

EDUCATIONAL BOARD, Memphis, Tenn. Sec., Rev. S. E. Gnggs.

BAPTIST YOUNG PEOPLE'S BOARD, Nashville, Tenn. Sec., Rev. E. W. D. Isaac,

CHURCH EXTENSION BOARD, Memphis, Tenn. See., Rev. W. M. S. McCutcheon.

NATIONAL BAPTIST BENEFIT BOARD, Greenville, Miss. Sec., Rev. E. G. Mason.

WOMAN'S AUXILIARY BOARD, Washington, D. C. Sec,, Miss N. H. Burroughs.

Schools

Name Locatwn President or Dean

National Baptist Training Seminary, Nashville, Tenn ,H Owens.

Training: School for Women and Girls. Washington, D. C. Miss N. H. Burroughs.

Periodical

National Baptist Voice (official organ), Nashville, Tenn., Editor, J. D. Crenshaw.

NEW ENGLAND BAPTIST MISSIONARY CONVENTION, An historic group of National Baptists, organized 1874, covering the states from Maine to the District of Columbia. President, Rev. J. C. Jackson, 3837 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

History

The early history of the Negro Baptists in the United States is closely interwoven with that of the white Baptists, and yet from the period prior to the War of the American Revolution until the present day there have been distinctive Negro Baptist churches — that is, churches whose members, officers, and pastors were of the Negro race. The first organization of this kind of which there is any record was at Silver Bluff, in Aiken County, S. C. It was formed by eight slaves on the plantation of George Galpin in a settlement on the Savannah River, near Augusta, Georgia, and appears to have dated from some years previous to 1778. In 1805 the Joy Street Baptist Church, the first in New England, was organized in Boston; in 1808 the Abys- sinian Church in New York City; in 1809 the First African Baptist Church in Philadelphia. These three were the first Negro Baptist churches in the North.

The first Baptist Church of Washington, D. C., was organized in 1802, including in its membership many Negro people. In 1833, when the congregation moved to a new edifice, the Negro members were encouraged to continue in the old building. In 1839 they or- ganized as the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church and the building passed into their hands. This experience in Washington was re- peated in many places in the South where the Negro members wor- shipped with white organizations, until it seemed wise for them to have their own churches.

The first effort at ecclesiastical organization of Negro Baptists appears to have been the formation of the Wood River Association of Illinois in 1838. An association was also established in Louisiana in the same year. The first state convention was organized in North Carolina in 1866 and in 1867 the second, third and fourth, in Alabama, Arkansas, and Virginia, and in 1869 the fifth in Kentucky. In 1886 the National Baptist Convention was organized in St. Louis, Mo. In 1893 the National Educational Convention was organized in Wash- , ington, D. C. In September, 1895, the Foreign Missionary Convention of the United States of America, the National Baptist Convention^

32 Year Book of the Churches

and the National Baptist Educational Convention met in Atlanta, Georgia, and all united in the present National Baptist Convention. The preamble to the constitution adopted at that meeting says: "It is the sense of the colored Baptists of the United States of America, convening in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, September 28, 1895, in several organizations known as the Baptist Foreign Missionary Con- vention of the United States of America, engaged in missionary work on the west coast of Africa, the National Baptist Convention, which has been engaged in missionary work in the United States, and the National Baptist Educational Convention, which, has sought to look after the educational interests, that the interest of the Kingdom of God requires that these several bodies above named should unite in one body. The object of this convention shall be to do missionary work in the United States of America, in Africa and elsewhere, and to foster the cause of education."

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine and polity the Negro Baptists are in close accord with the Northern and Southern Conventions. They represent the more strictly Calvinistic type in doctrine, and in polity refer the settlement of any difficulties that may arise to an ecclesiastical council. Their churches unite in associations, generally along state lines, for the discussion of topics relating to church life, the regulation of diffi- culties, the collection of statistics, and the presentation of annual re- ports. These meetings are consultative and advisory rather than authoritative.

In addition to the associations there are conventions which are held for the consideration of the distinctly missionary side of church life and not infrequently extend beyond state lines.

SIX PRINCIPLE BAPTISTS

(The International Old Baptist Union)

Two annual conferences in the United States.

Officers: Presiding Bishop of International Old Baptist Union, Eev. T. H. Squire, Allisonville, Ontario, Can, Pres. Rhode Island Conf., Eev. Warren Dawley, West Kingston, R, I. ; Pres., Pa. Conf., J. H. Billings, Nicholson, Pa.

Periodical Divine Light and Truth (monthly) , London, Eng.

History

In 1653 a number of mejnbers of the Baptist Church at Provi- dence, E. I., withdrew and organized the General Six Principle Bap- tist Church, the six principles being those mentioned in Hebrews vi, 1-2 — repentance, faith, baptism, laying on of hands, resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment. Other churches were organized on the same basis and in time two conferences were formed, one in Ehode Island and Massachusetts and one in Pennsylvania. These conferences are members of an international body, entitled "The Old Baptist Union in All the World," which is represented by an inter- national council, consisting of a bishop of the union, an international secretary, a treasurer, and representatives elected by the churches in the different countries. This council has authority to act in all "matters relating to the world-wide union or extension minutes/*

Directory of Religious Bodies 33

but the churches in each country or state manage their own internal affairs without interference from the international council or from the churches of any other country or state.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine these churches are in sympathy with the Arminian rather than the Calvinistic Baptists. Their distinctive feature is still the laying on of hands when members are received into the church. The general ecclesiastical organization corresponds to that of other Baptist bodies.

SEVENTH DAY BAPTISTS

General Conference, annual; next meeting, North Loup, Neb , August 1923.

Officers : Prcs , Esle Fitz Kandolph, Great Kills, Staten Is- land, N. Y. ; Cor Sec., "Rev. Edwin Shaw, Milton, Wis ; Treas , Kev. "William C. Whitford, Alfred, N. Y.

MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Pres., Rev. Clayton A. Burdick, Westerly, R. I.; Cor. Sec., Rev. Wm. L. Burdick, Ashaway, R. I., Treas., Samuel H. Davis, Westerly, R, L

EDUCATION SOCIETY. Pres., Rev. William C. Whitford, Alfred, N. Y.: Cor. Sec., Paul E. Titsworth, Alfred, N. Y.; Treas., Earl P. Saunders, Alfred, N. Y.

AMERICAN SABBATH TKACT SOCIETY. Pres., Corliss Fitz Ran- dolph, Newark, N. J.; Cor. Sec.f Rev. Willard D. Burdick, Dunellen, N. J.; Treas., F. J. Hubbard, Plainfield, N. J.

SABBATH SCHOOL BOARD. Pres., Alfred E. Whitford, Milton, Wis.; Sec., A. L. Burdick, Janesville, Wis.; Treas., L. A. Babcock, Milton, Wis.

WOMAN'S EXECUTIVE BOARD. Pres., Mrs. Allen B. West, Milton Jet., Wis.; Cor. Sec., Mrs. J. H. Babcock, Milton, Wis.; Treas., Mrs. Alfred E. Whitford, Milton, Wis.

YOUNG PEOPLE'S BOARD. Pres., Ben F. Johnson, Battle Creek, Mich,; Cor. Sec., Mrs. Frances F. Babcock, Battle Creek, Mich.; Treas., E. H. Clarke, Battle Creek, Mich.

TRUSTEES OF MEMORIAL FUND. Pres., Henry M. Maxson, Plam- field, N. J.; Sec., William C. Hubbard, Plainfield, N. J.; Treas., Frank J. Hubbard, Plainfield, N. J.

COMMISSION OP THE GENERAL CONFERENCE;. Chmn., Esle Fitz Randolph, Great Kills, S. I., N. Y.; Sec., Rev. Edwin Shaw, Milton Wis.; Fonuard Movement Director, Rev. Ahva J. C. Bond, Plamfield, N. J.

HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Pres., C. F. Randolph, Newark, N. J.; Sec., A. F. Randolph, Plainfield, N. J.; Treas., F. J. Hubbard, Plain- field, N. J.

Colleges

Name Location President or Dean

Alfred College . , .. Alfred, N. Y. .. .Boothe C. Davis.

Milton College . Milton, Wis . . .Alfred E. Whitford.

Salem College . , . .Salem, West Va. . .S. Orestes Bond.

Theological Seminary

Alfred Theological Semi- nary Alfred, N. Y. ,t,,,,,,. ,tt Arthur E. Main.

34 Year Book of the Churches

Periodicals

Sabbath Recorder (weekly), Plainfield, N. J., Editor, Rev. Theo, L. Gardiner; Sabbath Visitor (weekly), children's paper, Plainfield, N. J., Editor, Miss Evalois St. John; Helping Hand (quarterly), Sab- bath school help, Plainfield, N. J., Editor, Eev. William C. Whitford; Seventh Day Baptist Year Book (annual), Plainfield, N. J.

History

From the earliest periods of the Christian Church there have been those who claimed, in respect to the Sabbath, that Christ by his example and teaching preserved in its full significance the Sab- bath, while removing from it the formal burdens and restrictions which had been imposed upon it by the Pharisees. Accordingly, they have held that loyalty to the law of God and to the teachings oi Christ and the Apostles, as recorded in the Bible, required continu- ance of the observance of the seventh day as the Sabbath.

At the time of the English Reformation the question of the Sab- bath came to the front, and a considerable number forsook the ob- servance of Sunday and accepted the seventh day as the Sabbath, Fourteen Seventh Day Baptist churches were soon established in dif- ferent parts of England, the earliest being the Mill Yard and Pin- ner's Hall Churches in London; the former, dating its origin in 1617: is still in existence.

The first Seventh Day Baptist Church in America was established at Newport, R, I., in 1671. Other organizations were effected, at Philadelphia, Pa., as early as 1700, and at Piscataway, Middlesex County, N. J. From these three centers Seventh Day Baptist churches have been established in almost every part of the United States. It was from one of these communities that the impulse came for the founding of the Ephrata Community of German Bap- tist Brethren, resulting in the organization of German Seventh Day Baptists in 1728.

Doctrine

In doctrine the Seventh Day Baptists are evangelical. They be- long to the regular group of Baptists, being distinguished by then observance of the seventh dav instead of the first day as the Sabbath,

Originally the Seventh Day Baptists were restricted communion- ists; but at present, although no concerted official action has been taken, the matter of partaking of the communion in their own or in other churches is left to the private judgment of each individual Church membership, however, is granted only to those who have been immersed for baptism.

Polity

In polity the Seventh Day Baptists have always been strictly independent congregationalists. Each local church is independent in its own affairs, and all union for denominational work is volun- tary. For administrative purposes chiefly, the churches are organized into a General Conference, including all the churches of the world, This is a delegated body, with only advisory powers. It exerciseSj however, the prerogative of determining what churches shall con- stitute its membership; also the right of recognizing, or refusing tc recognize, as ministers of the denomination, those who have been or- dained by the local churches.

Directory of Religious Bodies 35

FEEE BAPTISTS

Free Baptists are in the process of merging their national organizations with those of the Northern Baptist Convention, and of blending their local associations and societies with simi- lar bodies connected with the Northern Baptist Convention. Foreign missionary and home missionary interests have already been consolidated. The majority of Free Baptist ministers, churches, and members are now included in the enumeration of the Northern Baptist Convention.

The General Conference of Free Baptists, quadrennial, will meet only as called. It maintains its separate existence as a legal corporation for the administration of funds and interests which await final settlement and transfer.

Officers : Pres., Joseph W. Mauck, Hillsdale, Mich. ; Cor. Sec.- Treas., Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

PEEE WILL BAPTISTS

Address E. T. Phillips, Ayden, N. C.

History

The first organization in Wales, 1701; in America at Perquimans, N. C., in 1727. In early history no distinctive name. Afterwards called "Free Will Baptists," and later "Original Free Will Baptists/1 later still dropped the term "Original" and are called simply "Free Will Baptists." In 1836 they were represented by delegates in a General Conference of Free Will Baptists throughout the United States, but after the Civil War they held their own conferences. In recent years they have drawn to themselves a number of churches of similar faith throughout the southern states, and have increased greatly in strength. They hold essentially the same doctrines as the Free Baptist churches of the north, have the same form of ecclesi- astical polity, and are to some degree identified with the same inter- ests, missionary and educational.

As the movement for the union of the Free Baptist churches with the Northern ' Baptist Convention has extended, some who did not care to join in that movement nave affiliated with the Free Will Baptists, though as yet there nas been little formal action in that direction.

Doctrine

The Free Will Baptists accept the five points of Arminianism as opposed to the five points of Calvinism, and in a confession of faith of eighteen articles, declare that Christ "freely gave Himself a ran- som for all, tasting death for every man'"; that "God wants all to come to repentance" ; and that "all men, at one time or another, are found m such capacity as that, through the grace of God, they may be eternally saved." Believers' baptism is considered the only true principle, and immersion the only correct form; but no distinction is made in the invitation to the Lord's Supper, and Free Will Bap- tists uniformly practice open communion. They further believe in foot-washing and anointing the sick with oil.

Polity In polity the Free Will Baptists are congregational.

36 Year Book of the Churches

COLORED FREE WILL BAPTISTS (Formerly United American J?ree Will Baptists)

General Conference, triennial; next meeting at Hyden, N C., December 5, 1923.

Officers : Gen. Mod., Kev. E. Becton, Dover, N. C. ; Gen. Sec., Eev. N. A. Harrington, Dunn, N. C,; Gen. Treas., Kev. B. M Hill; Gen. Ed. Treas., Kev. W. T. Barney; Gen. Fin. Sec., Eev, W. B. Edmondson.

PUBLISHING HOUSE, Kinston, N. C. Trects., Rev. K. W. Artis.

College

Name Location President

Kinston College Kinston, N. C . L. E. Rosbury.

Periodical

Free Will Baptist Advocate (weekly), Kinston, N. C., Editor and Manager, J. W. C. Smith.

History

For some years after the Civil War the lines between the white and Negro Free Will Baptist churches in the southern states seem not to have been drawn very sharply. As, however, the latter in- creased in number and in activity, tbere arose among them a desire for a separate organization. Their ministers and evangelists, to- gether with others, had gathered a number of churches in North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Florida and had met with such success that in 1901 they were organized as a separate denomination. While ecclesiastically distinct, these negro Baptists are in close re- lation with the white Free Will Baptist churches of the southern states, and trace their origin to the early Arminian Baptist churches of the Carolinas and Virginia and the Free Baptist movement in New England.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine the Colored Free Will Baptists are in substantial agreement with the white churches of the same faith. In polity the local churches are not as completely autonomous as is the case in the other Free Will Baptist bodies. The denomination has a system of quarterly, annual and general conferences, with a graded authority.

FEEE WILL BAPTISTS (BULLOCKITES)

Officers: Clerk of Quarterly Meeting, J. F. Cotton, Hollis Center, Me. ; Clerk and Sec. of Society, Harry L. Cotton.

All Christian and missionary work is done through other bodies.

History

The movement started by Benjamin Randall in New Hamp- shire in 1780, which resulted in the organization of the body known as "Free Baptists," spread in Maine, where a considerable number of churches were formed. In 1835 there was a division, and some of the ministers, including John Buzzell, Charles Bean, Jeremiah Bullock and others, with their churches, withdrew from the Free Baptists. These again separated under the leadership of Jeremiah Bullock and

Directory of Religious Bodies 37

John Buzzell, and their followers were frequently nicknamed "Bul- lockites" and "Buzzellites." The latter have practically disappeared as a distinct body, though a few remain in Maine under the name "General Provision Baptists," their leading minister being Keverend George Stevens, South Windham, Maine. The former continue to exist in Maine, retaining the earlier name "Free Will Baptists." They have, however, no denominational connection with the churches of the same name in the southern states.

GENERAL BAPTISTS

General Association, annual; 35 district associations. Sec.-Treas., J. P. Cox, Owensville, Ind.

College

Name Location President

Oakland College Oakland City, Ind . . W. P. Bearing-.

Periodical The Messenger (weekly), Owensville, Ind.

History

The General, or Arminian, Baptists trace their origin as a dis- tinct denomination to the early part of the seventeenth century. Their first church is believed to have been founded in Holland in 1607 or 1610 and their first church in England in 1611. Organizing in Vir- ginia in 1714, spreading to North Carolina and other colonies south.

The historical origin of those Baptist bodies in the United States now bearing appellation "General Baptists" is somewhat uncertain, but it seems probable that they represent colonies sent to the Cum- berland region by the early General Baptist churches of North Caro- lina. The first very definite information concerning them is that in 1823 a General Baptist church was organized in Vanderburg County, Indiana, by Benoni Stmson and others. The following year Liberty Association was organized with four churches. The movement grad- ually extended to Kentucky, Illinois, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas and Nebraska. More recently churches have been established in Okla- homa. In 1915 the General Association of the General Baptists formed a cooperative union with the Northern Baptist Convention.

Doctrine

The confession of faith of the General Baptists consists of eleven articles, which, with but two slight changes, are identical with those formulated by Benoni Stmson in 1823. The distinctive feature of this confession is the doctrine of a general atonement (whence the name "General Baptist") which is that Christ died for all men, not merely for the elect, and that any failure of Salvation rests purely with the individual; that it is possible for a Christian to fall from grace and be lost; baptism of believers by immersion; and the Lord's Supper open to all believers. Some of the churches practice "foot- washing."

Polity

Congregational. In accord with other Baptist bodies.

38 Year Book of the Churches

SEPARATE BAPTISTS Address Elder Morgan. Scott, Edmburg, Ind.

His tory

The term " Separate" as applied to church bodies had its origin in what is known as the "Separatist Movement" in England toward the close of the sixteenth century and early in the seventeenth cen- tury. It indicated primarily a withdrawing from the Anglican Church, without implying any specific doctrinal or ecclesiastical char- acter. Among* the churches which thus withdrew were some dis- tinctively Baptist churches, though the first definite date appears to be that of 1662, when a church called the "English Puritan Separate Baptist Church" is said to have been organized. This in common with some of the other independent churches was compelled to emi- grate to the colonies, and came to America in 1695. In the early part of the eighteenth century a somewhat similar condition existed in New England. The revival movement in which Whitefield took so prominent a part, and which culminated in the Great Awakening, caused sharp discussion and resulted in the withdrawal or "Sepa- ration" of a number of churches. In all of these "separate" churches there were Baptists. These Separate Baptist Churches were distin- guished from the regular Baptist Churches by their milder Calvinism and their willingness to receive those who practiced infant baptism, even though they themselves preferred the form of immersion.

In 1787 the Regular and Separate Baptists m Virginia formed a union, adopting the name "United Baptist Churches of Christ in Virginia." In course of time similar unions were formed in most of the other states in which the southern branch of the Separate Bap- tists had organizations. A few Separate Baptist Churches, however, refused to join m this movement, and have maintained distinct or- ganizations until the present time. Owing largely to difficulty of communication, some practically kindred associations, such as the Duck River Association and others of similar character have not identified themselves with the distinctive Separate Baptist body. In- dividual members of these associations have expressed their willing- ness to be classed with the Separate Baptists, but no official action in that direction has been taken.

Doctrine and Polity

Separate Baptists reject all creeds and confessions of faith, but the various associations publish, in the minutes of their yearly meet- ings, articles of belief. These are not always worded exactly alike, but in the main are in substantial agreement with the doctrinal be- lief of Baptists generally. They recognize three ordinances: baptism, by immersion only; the Lord's Supper and foot-washing.

The strict Calvinistic doctrines of election, reprobation, and fatal- ity have never been accepted by the Separate Baptist churches, the special points of emphasis in their preaching being the general atone- ment of Jesus Christ and the freedom of salvation for all who will come to Him on the terms laid down in His Word. The Lord's Sup- per is observed in the evening and is regarded, not as a church table, but the Lord's table. Strictly congregational in polity.

Directory of Religious Bodies 39

REGULAE BAPTISTS

Address Joseph P. Adams, Asheville, N. C.

Periodicals

Sword and Shield (monthly), Dry Creek, Ky., Editor, Elder Joseph Hall; Regular Baptist (monthly), 1608 Holly St., Nashville, Term., Editor, W. W. Mullens; Western Regular Baptist (monthly), Moberly, Mo., Editor, Elder William Huff; Baptist Chronicle (monthly), Paintsville, Ky., Editor, Elder E. J. Harris.

History

Regular Baptists represent the original English Baptists before the distinction between Calvinistic or Particular and Armmian or General became prominent. They are thus distinguished from the Primitive Baptists, representing the extreme of Calvinism, and the General, Free Will, and other Baptists, inclining more to the Armm- ian doctrine; but are in general sympathy with the' United Bap- tists and Duck River and Kindred Associations of Baptists. Some use the term "Regular" alone, and some the term "Regular Primi- tive." They are to be found chiefly in North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky and the adjoining states.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine the Regular Baptists are essentially at one with the United Baptists and hold that God gives no command without giving the individual corresponding ability to comply; that all for whom Christ died may comply with the requirements and conditions neces- sary to eternal salvation; and that, therefore, since Christ tasted death for every man and all men are commanded to repent, the eternal salvation of all men is possible and those who are lost might have complied with the gospel command and been saved.

The different confessions of faith adopted by other Baptists, such as the London Confession, the Philadelphia Confession, and the New Hampshire Confession, are not in use. They are strict in admission to the Lord's Supper, practicing close communion, and for the most part observing the ceremony of foot-washing.

In polity the Regular Baptists are distinctly congregational.

UNITED BAPTISTS

Address Joseph P. Adams, 75 Park Ave., Asheville, N. C.

History

With the immigration of Baptists from the New England and Middle states into Virginia, the Carplinas, Tennessee, and . Ken- tucky, and the more intimate fellowship that grew up in those iso- lated communities, the distinction between the different Baptist bodies, Calvanistic or Particular, and Armmian or General, became in many cases less marked, and a tendency toward union was appar- ent. In Virginia and the Carolinas, particularly, and also in Ken- tucky, during the latter part of the eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth centuries, a considerable number of the Separate Baptists and those who were known as "Regular Baptists," claiming to repre- sent the original English Baptists before the distinction between Particular and General became prominent, combined under the name of "United Baptists.'* The Separate Baptists emphasized less

40 Year Book of the Churches

strongly the Arminian characteristics of their belief, while the Regu- lar Baptists were more ready to allow special customs, particularly foot-washing, wherever they were desired. This movement, which took definite form in Richmond, Va., in 1794, and in Kentucky in 1804, for a time gained strength and the associations kept their identity; but gradually, as thev came into closer relations with the larger Baptist bodies of the North and South, many United Bap- tists churches ceased to be distinct and became enrolled with other Baptist bodies.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine the United Baptists hold beliefs in common with other branches of Baptists. They observe the ceremony of foot- washing, and are strict in their practice of close communion. In polity they are strictly congregational.

DUCK EIVEE AND KINDRED ASSOCIATIONS OF BAPTISTS (BAPTIST CHURCH OP CHRIST)

(See also "Regular Baptists") Address Samuel F. Shelton, Beeehgrove, Tenn.

History

Baptist principles gained a particularly strong foothold in the mountain regions of Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia and Alabama. One of the earliest associations to be organized m this section was the Elk River Association, founded in 1808, which was strongly Calvinistic in doctrine and thoroughly independent in polity. With the growth of the more liberal influences of the revival movement of that time and the introduction of Methodism there grew up a counter movement, emphasizing a stricter theology and making for a more rigid rule in the church. This manifested itself especially in the growth of the Two-Seed-m-the- Spirit Predestinarian Baptists. In this controversy the Elk Kiver Association was divided. A minority, hold- ing to the milder form of doctrine, organized the Duck River Asso- ciation, and this furnished the nucleus for a number of churches holding essentially the same general doctrines as the Separate Bap- tists, but not identifying themselves with the latter, largely because of local conditions. Later, the discussion arose as to the legitimacy of missionary societies, and there came another division, some with- drawing and identifying themselves with the churches that became known as the Missionary Baptists, leaving the others bound still more closely together. This fellowship included in 1906 seven asso- ciations, located in Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi.

Doctrine

#

In doctrine the Duck River and its kindred associations are Cal- vinistic, though liberal.

Polity

In polity they are congregational, in accord with other Baptist bodies,

PRIMITIVE BAPTISTS

No regular organization. Address Elder 0. H. CUyce, For- dyco, Ark.

Directory of Religious Bodies 41

His tor/

Primitive Baptist Churches in strict interpretation of Scriptural institutions oppose all benevolent, missionary, Sunday school and similar organizations on the ground that such did not exist in Apo- stolic days and that there is no Scriptural warrant for them now. Apparently the first official announcement of this position was made by the Kehukee Baptist Association of North Carolina, in 1827, soon after their introduction among Baptists, unanimously condemning all 1 modern, money-based, so-called benevolent societies" as contraiy to the teaching and practice of Christ and His Apostles, and announcing that it could no longer fellowship with churches which indorsed such societies. ^ Other Baptist associations in the north, south, east and west, during the next ten years, took similar action.

Doctrine

f In matters of doctrine the Primitive Baptists are strongly Cal- vinistic. Immersion of believers is held to be the only form of bap- tism, and is a prerequisite to the Lord's Supper. In some sections the Primitive Baptists believe that washing the saints' feet should be practiced in the church, usually in connection with the ordinance of the Lord's Supper. Most of the churches are earnestly opposed to the use of instrumental music of any kind in church services. Sun- day schools and secret societies are claimed not to be in accordance with the teachings of the Bible.

Polity

The various Primitive Baptist associations have never organized as a denomination. There are no state conventions or general bodies of any kind. Strictly congregational in polity.

PRIMITIVE BAPTISTS (PROGRESSIVE)

Has salaried ministry, missions and Bible study. Address Elder Wm. H. Grouse, Cordele, Ga., or Elder E. W. Thomas, Danville, Tnd.

Periodical The Banner-Herald, Cordele, Ga.

GENEKAL STATEMENT

Calvinistic in doctrine, holding the doctrines of eternal, particular and unconditional election, substitutionary atonement for the elect only, effectual calling or regeneration by the Holy Spirit, preserva- tion of ^the saints, resurrection of the dead, the eternal happiness of the righteous and the everlasting punishment of the wicked.

Evangelistic in spirit. Ministry supported by free-will offerings. Use musical instruments in their song service. Have Bible study, but opposed to modern system of Sunday schools. Have chartered organization for the relief of the poor and needy, publication of literature, and spread of the Gospel.

SCANDINAVIAN INDEPENDENT BAPTISTS

Annual conference, meets in June. Headquarters : Britt, la.

Officers : Pres.y Eev. John Edgren, L. Box 325, Britt, Iowa ; Sec., David Johnson, Warren, Minn.

42 Year Book of the Churches

MISSIONS BOARD. Cfow??,*John Forslvom, Sec , 0. A. Johnwon, R. No. 2, Kennedy, Minn.

Periodicals

Vittnet, Editor, Rev. John Edgren; Scmmngrens Van, Editor, Rev. N. P. Truedson. Both monthly.

TWO-SEED-IN-THE-SPIRIT PREDESTINABIAN BAPTISTS

Address Rev J. E Christopher, Athens, Ala,

History

The Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestmarian Baptists as a distinct body arose early in the nineteenth century, by a protest of the more rigid Calvinists against what some considered a general laxity of doctrine and looseness of church discipline consequent upon the prevalence of Arminian doctrines as set forth by Methodism. This protest found its fullest expression in the mountain regions of Ten- nessee and Kentucky, but extended throughout the entire south and west. Its great leader was Elder Daniel Parker, a native of Virginia, who was ordained in Tennessee in 1806, and labored in that state, and in Illinois and Texas until his death. Intensely Calvinistic in doctrine and equally independent in polity, these Baptists formed scattered churches rather than an organized denomination, and developed only in a minor degree an associational character. They differed from the Primitive Baptists chiefly in the degree to which they carried their theological opinions and ecclesiastical principles, and were frequently called by the same names, "Primitive," "Old School," and "Hard Shell," though the special feature of their belief was gradually recog- nized and they became popularly known as the "Two-Seed Baptists."

, Doctrine

Their doctrine is as follows:

The phrase "Two- Seed" indicates one seed of evil and one of good, emanating from two different sources (as positive and nega- tive), the earthly generation (or mankind) being the field through which both are manifested, the field yet being no part of either. Neither has it (the field) any power of its own to resist, but must, and does, develop or manifest what is sown m it, as in the parable of the wheat and tares; neither can one change from one to the other, but each produces after its kind. We do not divide the Adamic race neither do we change the decrees of God, but as He declared the origin and destiny of the parent or progenitor in the beginning, we claim that, as He can not change, neither does it change either the origin or destiny of any one of His generation. This being the visible or representative character, then we also claim that both the good and the evil being set forth as seed-fathers and progenitors, we can not use the term father, mother or child except as the other also is implied or understood; in both of these spiritual generators He also gives origin and destiny, and that can not be changed. Thus, it is the crop which grows m the field that we gather in our barn; we do not gather the field, nor has the field any power of resistance, but has to develop whatever is sown in it; and the atonement, or offering, being for the redemption of something, must necessarily mean that something was' once possessed and then lost. We also claim the price demanded was paid, the debt of divine justice satis-

Directory of Religious Bodies 43

fied, nothing more charged against them; but as the sufferings of the Saviour were visible, then we suffer temptations while in the flesh, or, in other words, both grow together m the field, but when the harvest is come then the crop is gathered, not the field it grew on.

Foot-washing is observed in the churches of this religious body, and many of the denomination are strongly opposed to a paid min- istry. They do not believe that the help of a minister is needed to reach and save sinners. Christ carries on the work of salvation with- out the help of man.

Polity

In their church government the Two-Seed Baptists are thor- oughly independent, each church standing by itself. Associations are formed, but for spiritual fellowship rather than for church man agement.

BRETHREN (GERMAN BAPTIST BUNKERS)

CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN

(Conservative Dunkers)

General Conference, annual.

Fifty-three district conferences

Officers : Mod; I. "W. Taylor, Bphrata, Pa. ; Reading Clerk, J. J. Yodcr, McPlierson, Kans ; Writing Clerk, J. A. Dove, Gloverdale, Va.

GENERAL MISSION BOARD. Chmn., H. C Early, Flora, Ind.; Vice- Chmn., Otho Winger, North Manchester, Ind.; Acting Gen. Sec,> Chas. D. Bonsack, Elgin, 111.; J. J. Yoder, McPherson, Kans., A. P. Blough, 1315 Grant Ave., Waterloo, Iowa. Missionary Educational Sec., H. Spencer Minnich, Elgin, 111.; Home Mission Sec., M. K. Zigler, Elgin, 111.; Treas., Clyde M. Gulp, Elgin, 111.

GENERAL SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD. Chmn., H. K. Ober, Elizabeth- town, Pa.; Vice-Chmn., C. S. Ikenberry, Daleville, Va.; Secretary and Field Director, Ezra Flory, Elgin, 111.; Treas., Jas. M. Mohler, Leeton, Mo.; J. W. Clme, 1823 Bronson Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.

GENERAL EDUCATIONAL BOARD. Pres., D. W. Kurtz, McPherson, Kans.; Vice-Pres., D. M. Garver, Trotwood, Ohio; Sec.-Treas., J. S. Noffsinger, 206 W. 103 St., New York City; J. S. Flory, Bridgewater, Va.; J. W. Lear, 3435 W. Van Buren Street, Chicago,, 111. Asst.-Sec., for the Board, H. Spencer Minnich, Elgin, 111.

GENERAL CHRISTIAN WORKERS' BOARD. Chmn., I. V. Funder- burgh, La Verne, Cal.; Vice-Chmn., Eva Lichty Whisler, Milledge- ville, 111.; Sec.-Treas., W. 0. Tannreuther, Waterloo, Iowa. Gen.-Sec., for the Board, C. H* Shamberger, Elgin, 111.

GENERAL MINISTERIAL BOARD. Pres., W. S. Long, 510 Fifth St., Altoona, Pa,; Vice-Pres,, D. H. Zigler, Broadway, Va.; Sec., S. S. Blough, 328 Central Ave., Decatur, 111.; Treas., David Metzler, Pay- ette, Ida., S. J. Miller, La Verne, Calif.

TEMPERANCE AND PURITY COMMITTEE. Chmn., S. A. Blessing, West Milton, Ohio; Sec., H. S. Replogle, Oaks, Pa.; Treas., J. Carson Miller, Moores Store, Va.

PEACE COMMITTEE. Chmn., W. J. Swigart, Huntingdon, Pa.; Sec., J. M. Henry, New Windsor, Md. ; Treas., Jacob Funk, Pomona, Calif. Advisory Member, I. W. Taylor, Ephrata, Pa.

44 Year Book of the Churches

HOMELESS CHILDREN COMMITTEE. Chtnn., M. R Brumbaugh, Martlnsburg, Pa.; Sec , P. S. Thomas, Harnsonburg, Va.; Treas., E. E. John, McPherson, Kans.

DRESS EEFORM COMMITTEE Chnm , E. M. Studebaker, McPher- son, Kans.; Vice-Chmn., J. J. John, New Windsor, Md.; Se c.-Trcas , Lydia E. Taylor, Mt. Morris, 111.; Eva Trostle, 3435 Van Buren St., Chicago; Mary Polk Ellenberger, R. I). 1, Skidmore, Mo.

TRACT EXAMINING COMMITTEE CJimn., T. T. Myers, Hunting- don, Pa.; Sec.-Trects., James M, Moore, 230 S. Church St., Waynesboro, Pa.; J. P. Dickey, La Verne, Calif.; Edgar Rothrock, Holmesville, Nebr.; E. B. Hoff, 1306 S. Seventeenth Ave., Maywood, 111.

Music COMMITTEE. Chwn.f Cora M. Stalily, Nappanee, Ind , Sec., William Beery, Elgin, 111.; Treas., J. B. Miller, Curryville, Pa.

CONFERENCE PROGRAM COMMITTEE. Chwn., W. 0. Beckner, Mc- Pherson, Kans,; Sec., L. W. Shultz, North Manchester, Ind.; J. A. Dove, Cloverdale, Va.

OFFICERS OF SISTERS' AID SOCIETY. Prcs.t Mrs. M. C. Swigart, 6611 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.; Vice-Pres., Mrs. Geo. L. Studebaker, Muncie, Ind.; Sec.-Trcas., Mrs. Levi Minnich, Greenville, Ohio. i

AUDITING COMMITTEE. E. M. Butterbaugh, 525 E. Indiana Ave., South Bend., Ind.; J. J. Oiler, Waynesboro, Pa.

MEMBER OF ADVISORY BOARD OF AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY. — Albert C. Wieand, 832 S. Humphrey Ave., Oak Park, 111.

GENERAL RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION AGENT. Dr. S. B. Miller, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

ANNUAL MEETING TREASURER. E. J. Stauffer, Mullberry Grove,

Schools and Colleges

Bethany Bible School . 3435 Van Buren St., Chicago A. C Wieand.

Blue Ridge College . New Windsor, Md J. M. Henry,

Daleville College Daleville, Va C. S. Ikeubei ry.

Elizabethtown College . Rhzabethtown, Pa J. G. Meyer.

Jimiata College, . , Huntingdon, Pa. . I, Harvey Brumbaugh

La Verne College . .La Verne, Calif. . . . . I. V. Fundei burgh.

Manchester College North Manchester, Ind, , . . Otho Winger.

McPherson College . . McPherson, Kans, , , . D, W. Kui tz. Mt. Morris College , . . ,Mt. Morns, 111. . A. J. Brumbaugh.

Bridgewater College .... Bridgewater, Va, . . . .Paul Bowman Hebron Seminary . . . Nokesville, Va W. II. Sangei.

Periodicals

The Gospel Messenger, Editor, Rev. Edward Prantz; Our Young People, Editor, Kev. J. E. Miller; The Missionary Visitor, Editor, Kev. H. Spenser Minnich. All, Elgin, 111.

History

Among the various communities which arose toward the close of the seventeenth century for the purpose of emphasizing the inner life of the Christian above creed and dogma, ritual and form, and ceremony and church polity, one of the most influential, though not widely known, was that of the Pietists of Germany. They did not arise as Protestants against Catholicism, but rather as Protestants against what they considered the barrenness of Protestantism itself. An organization was effected at Schwarzenau in 1708. The mem- bers waived the question of apostolic succession, subscribed to no written creed, differed from other Pietists in that they were not ad- verse to church organization, did not abandon the ordinances which Christianity, as a whole, held to be necessary for salvation. Grad-

Directory of Religious Bodies 45

ually they worked out their doctrine, polity and practice, following m many respects the same general line as the Quakers, Mennonites and similar bodies, though they had no association with them, and are to be held as entirely distinct.

The "Brethren" fled from Schwarzenau to America in 1719 and 1720, settling in Germantown, Pennsylvania. After the Brethren came to America the details of the organization were developed and individual congregations increased in number — first in the immediate vicinity of Philadelphia; then in New Jersey, southern Pennsylvania, northern Maryland, Virginia and the Carolmas; then reaching west- ward over the old Braddqck road, immediately after the Eevolu- tion, to western Pennsylvania, and from the Carolines into Kentucky, they were among the first to enter the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, and from 1790 to 1825 the great central plain was rapidly populated bv Brethren. The Brethren of Colonial times (then known generally as Bunkers) were for the most part German or Dutch farmers. They retained their own language. As conditions changed they developed different practices and to some extent different conceptions, which re- sulted in the formation of separate communities. The first to with- draw were John Conrad Beissel and his followers, who founded, in 1728, the famous monastic community at Ephrata, Pa. From that time there was no further division until 1881, when a comparatively small company withdrew in protest against certain modifications which they felt to be inconsistent with their early history. The next year another division took place, based chiefly upon objection to the form of government which had gradually developed within the larger body,

Doctrine

The Church of the Brethren in general terms is classed as Ortho- dox Trinitarian.

Bar>tism is by trine forward immersion, the person baptized being confirmed while kneeling in the water. The rite of foot-washing and the love feast or agape immediately precede the communion or eucharist, the entire service being observed m the evening. Sisters are expected to be veiled during prayer, and especially at communion services. In case of illness anointing with oil in the name of the Lord is administered. The rule of the eighteenth chapter of Matthew with respect to differences between members is observed. Plain at- tire, excluding jewelry, is advocated. The civil law is resorted to but little. Taking an oath is forbidden, all affidavits being made by af- firmation. Nonresistance is taught, and all communicants are asked to be noncombatants. Any connection, direct or indirect, with the liquor business is prohibited, and there is a corresponding insistence upon total abstinence. The ideal in all these ceremonies and beliefs is the reproduction and perpetuation of the life and activities of the primitive Christians, and, while its effect is manifest in a somewhat stern and legal type of relgious life, mysticism or the Pietistic temper has modified it in the direction of a quiet moderation in all things.

Polity

The polity of the church corresponds more nearly to the Presby- terian than to any other specific ecclesiastical form. The local con- gregation, usually presided over by the bishop of that body, is gov- erned by the council of all the members. The power of discipline, including trial and excommunication, rests with the local congrega- tion. The individual congregation elects delegates, lay and clerical, to a state district meeting, connected with which there is also an elders' meeting, composed of the bishops of the respective congrega- tions. Above the state district meeting is the General Conference of all the brotherhood.

4<(> Your Book of the Churches

OLD ORDEE GERMAN BAPTIST BEETHEEN

Yearly meeting; next meeting in Ohio.

Officers: Foreman, Elder Michael Montgomery, Fairview Mo.; Beading Clerk, J. J. Stitely; Writing Clerk, E. M Sen- senoy.

Periodical

Vindicator (monthly), Brookville, Ohio, Publishing Agent, J. M. Kimmel.

History

As social customs developed along more modern lines during the latter part of the nineteenth century, certain influences were mani- fested among the Bunker communities which tended^ to lessen the emphasis upon many of the special customs of the earlier times. Ac- cordingly, some of the members, fearful lest the traditions of the founders of the denomination should be overborne, and "the Scriptures suffer violence/7 and desirous of perpetuating the type of life, as well as of belief, observed by the early Brethren, withdrew in 1881 and formed the organization known as the "Old Order German Baptist Brethren."

Doctrine and Polity '

In certain matters of doctrine and also in some features of church organization the Old Order Brethren are in essential agree- ment with the other branches. They accept the literal teaching of the Scriptures in regard to the Lord's Supper and foot-washing; hold close communion ; practice nonconformity to the world in war, politics, secret societies, dress and amusements; refuse to swear or take oath under any circumstances; reject a salaried ministry; anoint with oil those who are sick, not so much for the healing of the natural body as for spiritual healing; strictly enjoin temperance upon all their members and allow none to traffic in alcoholic or malt liquors. They believe that nothing but death can break the marriage vow, and re- fuse to perform a marriage ceremony for any divorced person.

BRETHREN CHURCH (PROGRESSIVE BUNKERS)

General Conference, annual.

Offices,: Mod., Kev. Edward L. Miller, Napancc, Tnd. ; Sec , Rev. 0. C Starn, A«hlaiid, 0.

GENERAL MISSIONARY SECRETARY OF THE BRETHREN CHURCH, Wil- liam A. Gearhart, Dayton, 0.

COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION. Chmn,, Pres, E. E. Jacobs, Ash- land, Ohio.

COMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SERVICE. Chnm., Kev. C. E. Kolb, Allen- town, Pa.

NATIONAL MINISTERIAL ASSOCIATION. Pres,, Rev. G, W. Rench, South Bend, Ind.; Sec.-Treas., Rev. W. E. Bonk, Brookville, 0.

NATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION. Pres., Rev. Jesse F. Watson, Beaver City, Nebr.; Sec., H. H. Wolford, Ashland, 0.

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR UNION. Pres., J. A. Garber, Ashland, 0.; Gen. Sec,. Rev. G. C. Carnenter. Peru* Ind,

COMMITTEE ON INTERCHURCH RELATIONS. Chmn., Eev. Chas, A. Bame, Plymouth, Ind.

COMMITTEE ON TEMPERANCE. Chmn., Sylvester Lowman, Oak- villa, Ind.

Directory of Religious Bodies 47

School

Name Location President

College and Seminary Ashland, 0. . . Edwin E. Jacobs.

Periodicals

Brethren Evangelist (weekly), Editor, Geo. S. Baer; Woman's Outlook (monthly), Editor, Miss Mane Lichty, Milford, Ind.; Sunday School Helps, Editor, A. D. Gnagey, Ashland, Ohio. All publications issued by the Brethren Publishing Company, Ashland, Ohio.

History

A division in 1882 when those who preferred the simple con- gregational form of government organized under the name of "The Brethren Church," though generally known as "Progressive Bunkers." Of late years there has been a movement toward the reunion of the two bodies.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrinal matters the Brethren Church is in general accord with the Church of the Brethren. In polity, however, the Brethren Church is firm in its insistence upon the rights of the individual be- liever, denying that any ecclesiastical body has the right to bind the conduct or the conscience of any believer in Christ.

CHUECH OF GOD (NEW DUNKARDS)

Conference, annual; next meeting, New Castle, Ind., Sep- tember, 1923. Mod, Eev. J. M. Fross, Montieello, Ind ; Asst. Mod., Rev. Alvin Hall, Montieello, Ind.;/8ec., Marie Johnston, Millville, Ind.; Treas., J. B. Hoover, Hagerstown, Ind.

MISSION BOARD. Chmn., Rev. C. H. Holaday, Newcastle, Ind.; Sec., Albert Kugler; Treas., J. E. Hoover.

Periodical Church Neivs, Monon, Ind., Editor, Rev. Geo. Elmore.

History

The Church of God (New Bunkers) was organized in 1848 by George Patton, Peter Eyman and others, who withdrew from the German Baptist Brethren. The church claims that "Bible things should be called by Bible names" and that the Bible name for the church foretold by prophecy as the new name, is "The Church of God." It refuses to adopt a human creed or confession of faith, as the Scriptures are given to this end and are infallibly right. Baptism (a burial or birth of water) is administered to those who profess faith in Christ and experience sorrow for sin, that they may receive the remission of sins and the gift of the Holy Ghost. The observance of the communion, the literal washing of the saints' feet, the saluta- tion of the kiss, and the anointing of the sick are held to be essen- tial; and the second Advent of the Lord, and the future rewards and punishments are taught.

An annual conference is held. Home missionary work is under the care of the mission board. There is no educational or philanthropic work.

$8 Year Book of the Churches

GEEMAN SEVENTH-DAY BAPTISTS

Annual meeting.

Officers; Pres.9 G. L. King, New Enterprise, Pa.; Sec., Emma Monn, Quinoy, Pa.

MISSIONARY BOARD. Sec., Rev. J. A. Peutz, Waynesboro? Pa. History

Among the earlier members of the Bunker community in the United States was John Conrad Beissel, who, with others, landed at Boston m 1720, the year after Peter Becker settled in Germantown, Pa. Beissel had not been identified with the Schwarzenau community, although he had sojourned there for a short time, but had acquired strong mystical tendencies as a result of his acquaintance with the writings of Gottfried Arnold and the teachings of Jacob Boehnie and other Inspiratiomsts, and his association with the Rosicrucians at Heidelberg. After his arrival in America, Beissel spent a short time in Germantown and then removed with three companions to Cones- toga, Pa., at that time almost a wilderness, where they lived as hermits. In 1724 they were visited by Peter Becker, of the Bunkers ; Beissel was chosen pastor. It was not long, however, before his ascetic and mystical tendencies, together with outside influences to which he was subjected, led him to embrace and teach doctrines such as celibacy and the observances of the seventh day as the Sabbath, which were widely at variance with the tenets of the Bunkers, and finally, m 1728, he and his followers formally withdrew from the Dunker Church, and organized as the German Seventh-Day Baptists.

In 1732 Beissel left his congregation and removed to Ephrata, Pa., a few miles distant, there again to live as a hermit. Here he was joined from time to time by others of both sexes who shared his mystic and ascetic ideas and whom he organized into the "Ephrata Society." Celibacy was enjoined upon the members, and separate houses were built for the two sexes, each of which was organized in monastic fashion, the "Brothers' House" having its prior and the "Sisters' House" its prioress. The society grew rapidly, and its ac- tivities were entered into with enthusiasm. Industries were organized on the communistic plan, which flourished for a time; but under the influence of Beissel, who thought them out of harmony with the spiritual purposes for which the community was organized, they were soon greatly curtailed and were kept subordinate to the religious idea. Ephrata had, however, one of the first schools (1735) in that part of the country, and its printing establishment (1750) was one of the earliest and best.

With the advancing tide of civilization and the disappearance of the wilderness the most characteristic features of the community lost their prominence. The celibate membership diminished. In 1764 there were 21 males and 25 females, while in 1769 there were but 14 celibate males in the brotherhood, and this is the last record of the exact number of celibates. By 1830 the community was so scattered that it was agreed that members might cast their votes in business meetings by proxy, and some years later celibacy as a feature of the society had disappeared entirely. The only trace of the com- munistic feature remaining is the ownership of the property by the society, under control of a board of trustees. At the present time the denomination affiliates regularly with the Seven th«Day Baptist Gen- eral Conference.

Directoiy of Religious Bodies 49

BRETHEKF, PLYMOUTH

These bodies have no ecclesiastical organizations, but are divided by the TL S. Bureau of the Census into six groups, as follows :

I. Address P. D. Loizeaux, 1 E. Thirteenth St., New York City.

II. Address D. T. Bass, 420 W. Fifth Ave., Columbus, Ohio.

III. Address H. B. Whelpley, 68 William St., New York City.

IV. Address H. M. Bailey, care Gospel Book and Tract Depot, Bible House, New York City.

V. Address J. T. Armet, 4431 Garfield Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

VI. Address William Magowan, 349 Genesee St.. Rochester, N. Y.

History

Early in the nineteenth century there appeared in England and Ireland, especially in the Anglican Church, considerable restiveness occasioned largely by dissatisfaction with the close connection between church and state, with the stereotyped forms of worship, and with the church organizations by which believers were separated from each other and were gathered into so many different sects. As a result a number of independent gatherings sprang up spontaneously, both in England and Ireland, in which men and women who were desirous of a "spiritual communion based on New Testament religious princi- ples" met together for the "breaking of bread" and for prayer. Of such gatherings, the most important, from an historical standpoint, was one at Dublin, Ireland, in the spring of 1827. There were also meetings of importance at Plymouth and Bristol, England, and the fact that the meeting at Plymouth at the first had some prominence in members and teachers, eventually gave rise to the name "Plymouth Brethren," which has come to be their popular designation, though it has never been adopted by the different communities, who speak of themselves simply as "Believers," "Christians," "Saints" or "Breth- ren."

In the absence of any ecclesiastical organization, and the presence of an intense individualism and sense of personal responsibility, divi- sions naturally arose, and the congregations gathered around different leaders. The movement first came to America as a result of the emi- gration of a number of Brethern to the United States and Canada about the middle of the nineteenth century. As in England, so in the United States, divisions have arisen, but no exact classification is recognized. Some meetings are called "exclusive" and others "open," but there is no one term that applies accuratelv to any single divi- sion. The various divisions are I, II, III, IV, V, VI.

Doctrine

In doctrine the different bodies of Brethren are in substantial accord. They acknowledge no creed, but look upon the Scriptures as their only guide.

Polity

The view of the Church held by the Brethren is that it is one and indivisible — "Christ is the head of it, the Holy Spirit the bond of union, and every believer a member. It was begun at Pentecost and will be completed before the second Advent." They acknowledge

50 Year Book of the Churches

no ritual or definite ecclesiastical organization, and do not believe in human ordination of the ministry. They have no presiding officers in their assembly meetings, but anyone who has the gift is privileged to exercise it. Women take no part in the public ministry. They observe the ordinance of baptism, usually by immersion, meet every Sunday to "break bread" (which is the term they use to designate the sacrament of the Lord's Supper), and have meetings for prayer and Bible study, and gospel meetings for the unconverted. They own few church edifices, but meet in halls and private houses.

BEETHREN, RIVER GENERAL STATEMENT

In the latter part of 1750 about thirty Mennonite families in Canton Basel, Switzerland, after a long period of persecu- tion, went first to England and, in the fall of 1751, set sail for America. One company settled near the Susquehanna River in the southwestern part of Lancaster County, Pa , in the spring of 1752. As time passed and the communities increased they were designated as brotherhoods. There was thus the Brother- hood down by the River, meaning in the southern part of Lan- caster County ; also the Brotherhood in the North ; the Brother- hood in Dauphin; the Brotherhood in Lebanon; the Brother- hood in Bucks and Montgomery, etc. The outlying brotherhoods looked to the brotherhood in the southern part of Lancaster County as the home of the organization, and it was probably due to this fact that the general term "River Brethren" was given to the entire body.

BRETHREN IN CHRIST OF U. S, A, AND CANADA

(Known as Tunkers in Canada)

General Conference, annual; next meeting in Ontario, Can- ada in June, 1923.

Officers. Mod, Bishop C. N. Hostetter, Washington Boro, Pa. ; Sec.{ C. N. Hostetter, Jr., Washington Boro, Pa ; Reading Clerk, William Page, Detroit, Kans.

Bishops

Chas. Baker, Batteaux, Ont.

Jacob K. Bowers, Trappe, Pa.

C. C. Burkholder, Upland, Calif., Box 294.

J. N. Engle, Abilene, Kans., R. D. 6.

M. G. Engle, Abilene, Kans., R. R.

David E. Eyster, Thomas, Okla., R. D. Box 4.

Fred Hahn, Kindersley, Sask.

B. F. Hoover, Mansfield, Ohio, R. D. 4. J. N. Hoover, West Milton, Ohio, R. D. 1.

C. N. Hostetter, Washington Boro, Pa., R. D. 1. H. K. Kreider, Campbell stown, Pa.

Jonathan Lyons, Elsie, Mich., R. D. 1. Levi 0. Musser, Florin, Pa.

Directory of Religious Bodies 51

John B. Nioely, Allen, Pa.

William H. Boyer, Dayton, Ohio, 601 Taylor St.

Jacob M. Myers, Greencastle, Pa., R. D. 2.

Martin H. Oberholser, Chambersburg, Pa., R. 2.

John Reichard, Fordwich, Ont.

H. C. Shank, Waynesboro, Pa.

John Sider, Marshville, Ont., R. D. 1.

J. H. Smith, Weilersville, Ohio.

Wilbur Snider, 3423 N. 2d St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Peter Steckley, Gormley, Ont.

H. P. Steigerwald, Bulawayo, South Africa.

Isaac Stern, Roaring Sprines, Pa.

S. B. Stoner, Grantham, Pa.

John A. Stump, New Paris, Ind.

Henry L. Trump, Polo, 111.

Orville Ulery, 1325 Maiden Lane, Springfield, Ohio.

J. H. Wagaman, Waukena, Calif.

J. D. Wingert, Fayetteville, Pa., R. D. 2.

GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD. Chmn., Bishop H. L. Trump, Polo, 111. ; Sec., Bishop Henry K. Kreider, Campbellstown, Pa. ; Treas., Amos Wolgemuth, Mt. Joy, Pa.

FOREIGN MISSION BOARD. Chmn., Bishop C. N. Hostetter, Wash- ington Boro, Pa.; Sec., Rev. Irwin W. Musser, Mt. Joy, Pa.; Treas., Rev. S. G. Engle, 4014 Spring Garden St., Philadelphia, Pa.

HOME MISSION BOARD. Chmn., Bishop M. G. Engle, Abilene, Kans., Sec, Jesse Brechbill, Detroit, Kans.; Treas., Abner Martin, Elizabethtown, Pa.

EXAMINING BOARD. Chmn.f Bishop C. C. Burkholder, Upland, Calif. ; Sec.-Treas , Bishop L. 0. Musser, Florin, Pa.

SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD. Chmn., Benton Eavey, Grantham, Pa.; Sec.-Treas , Rev. Wm. Page, Detroit, Kans.

PUBLICATION BOARD. Chmn., Bishop 0. B. Ulery, Springfield, Ohio ; Sec., Enos N. Engle, Thomas, Okla. ; Treas., Jesse Gulp, Goshen, Ind.

BENEFICIARY BOARD. Chmn., Bishop John A. Stump, New Paris, Ind.; Sec.f Rev. J. B. Funk, Cleona, Pa.; Treas., Bishop D. R. Eyster, Thomas, Okla.

Theological Seminary

Name. Location President

Messiah Bible School and Mis- sionary Training; Home . Grantham, Pa. ... , Enos H Hess

Periodical Evangelical Visitor, Nappanee, Ind., Editor, Rev. V. L. Stump.

History

At first the organization of the River Brethern was simple, but as their numbers increased a more permanent form became necessary, and about 1820 the present ecclesiastical organization was adopted. During the Civil War some of the members, although proclaiming the doctrine of nonresi stance, were drafted for military service, and it became evident that the denomination must secure legal recogni- tion as a religious organization holding that doctrine. Steps to se- cure such recognition were taken at a private council held in Lan- caster, Pa., as early as 1862, at which time those who remained after the separation of the other two branches, and who constituted the great majority of the Brethren, 'decided to adopt the name "Brethren in Christ" instead of "River Brethren," which was done the following year. In 1904 the organization was incorporated ac- cording to the laws of the state of Pennsylvania as "a religious body for the worship of Almighty God," with headquarters at Harrisburg.

52 Year Book of the Churches

Doctrine

The Brethren in Christ have not accepted any historical creed or confession, but adhere to the generally recognized Christian doc- trines. They hold that trine immersion is the only proper form of baptism, practice confession of sins to God and man, and observe tbe sacrament of the Eucharist, accompanying it by the ceremony of foot-washing. The doctrine of nonresistance is a prominent feature of their belief.

Polity

The ecclesiastical organization of the denomination includes the local church, a system of district councils, and a General Conference. The officers of the church are bishops, ministers and deacons.

OLD ORDER, OR YORKER, BRETHREN

Address, Samuel D. Conley, Etters, Pa.

History

In 1843 a number of River Brethren withdrew from the main body, claiming that the original doctrines of the founders were being departed from, particularly in regard to nonresistance and noncon- formity to the world. Most of those who withdrew resided in York County, Pa., whence they received the name of "Yorkers," or "Yorker Brethren." They are also known as the "Old Order Brethren," and thus are sometimes confused with the Old Order German Baptist Brethren. They have no church edifices and the services are fre- quently held in large barns.

UNITED ZION'S CHILDREN

Address, Henry C. Light, Cleona, Pa.

History

Questions of administration or ceremonial detail, particularly in connection with a church building, arose among the River Brethren in 1852. The next year about fifty persons m Dauphin County, Pa., withdrew and organized under the leadership of Matthias Brinser as their first bishop. They were thus generally called "Brinsers," but later adopted the name "United Zion's Children." They are found principally in Dauphin, Lancaster and Lebanon Counties, Pennsyl- vania.

Their doctrine is essentially the same as that of the Brethren in Christ, and their confession of faith is essentially the same. Com- mittees have been appointed 'to consider a merger with the Brethren in Christ.

CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH

Address Rev. S. R. Rintoul, 417 W, 57th St., New York City.

History

This communion does not claim exclusive right to the name of Catholic Apostolic Church, but maintains that the one Catholic and Apostolic Church includes everyone who believes in the Lord Jesus and is baptized according to His commandment, whether by sprink- ling or immersion, by layman or priest, no matter in what sect or

Directory of Religious Bodies 53

denomination he may be found. The movement had its inception ap- proximately at the beginning of the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Their leaders claimed manifestations of the presence and power of the Holy Ghost, similar to those of the apostolic age, and in 1832 as result of "prophetic revelations," certain men were regarded as called to the office of apostle. In 1835 twelve such had been chosen. Their mission was to testify to the personal return of the Lord and to minister to the whole church the full apostolic measure of the Holy Ghost and the apostolic gifts and blessings so that corporate unity may be manifested and the church prepared to receive their Lord.

The first church in the United States was organized at Potsdam, New York, and the second in New York City in 1851.

Doctrine

The standard of doctrine is found in the three historic Catholic creeds — the Apostles', the Nicene, and the Athanasian. The church also includes among its tenets the unquestionable authority and in- spiration iof the canon of the Holy Scripture; the "sacramental na- ture" of the ordinances of baptism, the Lord's Supper, and ordina- tion to the ministry, as recognized by the different denominations of the Christian Church ; the indissolubility, except by death, of the sac- ramental union in marriasre; the restoration of the ordinance of the laying on of hands by the apostles for the imparting of the fullness of the gift of the Holy Ghost; the necessity of the gifts of the Spirit, tongues, phophecy, and other gifts, for the perfecting of the Church ; the payment of the tithe as due to Christ, the High Priest, in addi- tion to the making of voluntary offerings; and the hope of the Lord's speedy personal coming to raise the dead, translate the living mem- bers of His Church, and bring in His reign of peace on the earth, commonly spoken of as the Millennium.

Polity

The principle upon which the organization of the Catholic Apos- tolic Church is based is that a twelvefold apostleship, as in the first days of the Church, is the Lord's only ordinance for supreme rule over the whole Church and for revealing His mind. Local churches are each under the charge of a bishop, designated angel, with a staff of priests and deacons, whose call, consecration, appointment, and rule are subject to the apostles. There is no election of ministers by the clergy or laity, except that deacons, to the number of seven in any one church, may by permission of the apostles be chosen by the people. A call from the Lord by word of the Holy Ghost through prophets is a prerequisite to admission to the office of priest or bishop.

NEW APOSTOLIC CHURCH OF NORTH AMERICA

flgc., Paul E. Reinick, 588 Seneca Ave., Ridgewood, N. Y.

History

The New Apostolic Church claims the same historical origin as the Catholic Apostolic Church.

The Rev. Edward Mierau is the head of the churches in the United States, under the head apostle in Europe, the Rev. Herman Niehaus, who resides in Steinhagen, near Bielefeld, Westphalia, Germany, and who has under his general supervision all New Apostolic churches throughout the world.

54 Year Book of the Churches

Doctrine

The New Apostolic Church accepts the Apostles' Creed, and em- phasizes the inspiration and authority of the Bible, the sacramental nature of baptism and the Lord's Supper, the restoration of the ordi- nance of the laying on of hands by the apostles, the necessity of the gifts of the Spirit, the payment of the tithe, and the belief in the speedy personal premillennial coming of Christ.

Polity

Each apostle is placed in charge of a particular district, known as an "apostle district." These apostle districts are subdivided into local districts, which are made up of groups of local churches, the leader of each of which is a bishop or elder. Each church has, ac- cording to its size, one or more priests, one of whom is the head. All the ministers are selected by the apostleship according to their ability, knowledge, and inspiration of God. Candidates for admis- sion to the church are required first to make application to the bishop or apostle.

OHRISTADELPHIANS Periodicals

Chnstadelphian Advocatef 6718 Oxford Ave., Chicago, 111.; The Faith, 626 Eureka, St., Waterloo, la., Editor, A. H. Zilmer.

History

Among those who identified themselves with the Disciples of Christ in their early history was John Thomas, M. D., an English- man, who came to the United States in 1832. As he pursued the study of the Bible, his views changed, and he became convinced that the cardinal doctrines of the existing churches corresponded with those of the apostate church predicted in Scripture; that the only authoritative creed was the Bible, the originals of which were in- spired of God in such a manner and to such an extent as to secure absolute truthfulness; and that the churches should strive for a return to primitive Christianity in doctrine, precept, and practice. He soon began to publish his views, and organized a number of so- cieties in the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, the cen- tral thought in his mind being not so much the immediate conver- sion of the world as the "taking out of the Gentiles a people for His name." No name was adopted for the societies until the breaking out of the Civil War, when the members applied to the Government to be relieved from military duty in consequence of conscientious scruples. It then appeared that they must have a distinctive name, and accordingly that of "Christadelphians," or "Brothers of Christ," was adopted.

Doctrine

The Christadelphians do not accept the doctrine of the Trinity, but hold that Christ was Son of God and Son of Man, manifesting divine power, wisdom, and goodness in working out man's salVation, of which He is the only medium, and that He attained unto power and glory by His resurrection. They believe that the Holy Spirit is an "effluence" of divine power; that man is by nature mortal, and that eternal life is given by God only to the righteous; that Christ will shortly come personally to the earth to raise and judge His saints, who will reign with Him a thousand years, and to set up the Kingdom of God in place of human governments; that this king- dom will be established in Palestine, where the twelve tribes of Israel will be gathered; and that at the end of a thousand years judg-

Directory of Religious Bodies 55

ment wil] be pronounced upon all men, the just receiving eternal life and the unjust, eternal death.

Admission to membership is contingent upon profession of faith in the doctrines of the Bible, and baptism by immersion in the name of Jesus for the remission of sins. Participation in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper is restricted to members of the church.

Polity

In polity the Christadelphians are thoroughly congregational. They do not accept the name "church" for the local organization, but call it an "Ecclesia."

CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE

Annual Council; next meeting, Chicago., Ill, May 17-23, 1923.

Headquarters : 690 Eighth Ave., New York City.

Officers: Pres., Kev. Paul Kader; Vice-Pres., Bev. F. H Senft , Gen. Sec. and Asst. Treas , "W S Poling ; Treas , David Crear.

FINANCE DEPARTMENT. Sec., W. S. Polling. EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT. Sec., Rev. W. M. Turnbull. FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. Acting Sec., Rev. A. C. Snead. HOME DEPARTMENT. Sec., Rev. E. J. Richards. PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT. See., R. E. Maurer.

Schools

Name Location Dean

Missionary Training Institute Nyack, NY. C E Eiclier

Toccoa Falls Institute . Toccoa Falls, Ga. R. A. Forrest

Boydton Institute. Boydton, Va. Chas. S Morns

Alliance Training Home St. Paul, Minn. J. D. Williams

Simpson Bible Institute Seattle, Wash W. W. Newberry.

Mary B. Mullin School. Uree, N. C.. I. Gamble.

Boston Bible Training School Boston, Mass . ,E R. Hooper.

Periodical Alliance Weekly.

History

The Christian and Missionary Alliance originated in a movement started by Rev. A. B. Simpson, in the year 1881. Dr. Simpson severed his connection with a pastorate of the Presbyterian Church in New York City and withdrew from the presbytery to engage in evan- gelistic work among1 the unchurched masses. Two societies were or- ganized for Home and Foreign Missionary work, one known as the Christian Alliance for home work; the other the Missionary Alliance for the neglected communities in non-Christian lands. In 1895 the two societies were united in the Christian and Missionary Alliance and since then have labored in the double function of home and for- eign evangelism.

The local organizations have been reported among the inde- pendent churches, but in 1916 were combined to form one body.

Doctrine

The Christian and Missionary Alliance is strictly evangelistic in its doctrine. It stands firmly for the inspiration of the Scriptures, the atonement of Christ, the supernaturalism of religious experi- ence, and a life of separation and practical holiness. It has no strict

56 Year Book of the Churches

creed, but expresses the great essential features of its testimony in a simple formula known as the fourfold gospel of Christ, as Savior, Sanctifier, Healer and Coming Lord. It is not a sectarian body, but allows liberty in the matter of baptism and church government, and is in fraternal union with evangelical Christians of all denominations, accepting missionaries from the various churches, provided they are in full sympathy with the evangelical standards of the Alliance.

Polity

There is no close ecclesiastical organization, though the society has in the United States and Canada about a dozen organized dis- tricts with between two and three hundred regular branches. Only a small proportion of these are organized churches, as the society seeks to avoid a sectarian aspect and is averse to the establishment of independent churches. Each local branch is entirely self -directing, and in most cases is primarily evangelistic in character and a center of missionary conference. An annual council meets in the spring, to which reports are submitted from all branches and fields, and which passes such legislation as may be needed concerning the government and administration of the work. Many of the most liberal and^ ac- tive supporters of this work are still in active membership in various Protestant churches, giving their support to the Alliance in its evan- gelistic work.

CHRISTIAN CHURCH (GENERAL CONVENTION).

General Convention of the Christion Church, quadrennial; next meeting, October, 1926. Biennial district conventions of grouped states,, annual conferences within the states and in Can- ada ; district conferences of contiguous churches.

Headquarters: Dayton, Ohio.

Officers : Pr es., Eev. Frank G-. Coffin, Albany, Mo. ; Sec., Rev. Jolm F. Burnett, Dayton, Ohio.

GENERAL BOARD OP THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Composed of the officers of the Convention, Boards of Home Missions, Foreign Mis- sions, Christian Education, Publications and Evangelism, the presi- dents of the colleges and two members at large.

EXECUTIVE BOARD. Composed of the officers of the Convention and the secretaries of the five departments. They meet annually and compose the Board of Trustees of the Convention. With the trustees of the Christian Publishing Association they constitute a Board of Church Polity.

HOME MISSION BOARD. Sec., Rev. Omer S. Thomas, Dayton, Ohio.

FOREIGN MISSION BOARD. Sec., Rev. W, P. Minton, Dayton, Ohio.

BOARD OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION. See., W. A. Harper, Elon Col- lege, N. C.; Field Sec., Mr. Harmon Eldredge, Erie, Pa.; Committee on Colleges, W. G. Sargent, Providence, R. I.; Committee on Christian Endeavor, A. B. Kendall, Springfield, Ohio; Committee on Sunday Schools, Mrs. F. E. Bullock, Dayton, Ohio; S. Q. Helfenstein, Dayton, Ohio.

BOARD OF EVANGELISM AND LIFE RECRUITS. Sec., R. C. Helfen- stein, Dover, Delaware; Field Sec., McD. Howsare, Dayton, Ohio.

BOARD OF PUBLICATIONS. Sec., 0. W. Wihitelock, Huntmgton, Ind.

WOMAN'S BOARD FOR HOME MISSIONS. Sec., Mrs. Athella How- sare, Dayton, Ohio.

WOMAN'S BOARD FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. Sec., Mrs. Alice V. Morrill, Defiance, Ohio.

Directory of Religious Bodies 57

THE CHRISTIAN PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION, Fifth and Ludlow Sts., Dayton, 0.; Mgr. John H. Stewart.

STANDING COMMITTEE ON CHRISTIAN UNITY, Rev. Frank G. Cof- fin, Albany, Mo.

BUREAU OP SOCIAL SERVICE, Rev. E. A. Watkins, Lima, Ohio.

COMMITTEE ON EVERY MEMBER CANVASS, Rev. Omer S. Thomas.

SUPERINTENDENT OF THE FORWARD MOVEMENT, Rev. W. H. Deni- son, Dayton, Ohio.

Colleges

Name Location President

Defiance College Defiance, 0. . A. G Cans.

Elon College Elon College, N. C W. A. Harper.

Franklmton Christian College Franklmton, N. C S. A. Howell.

Palmer Institute and Starkey

Seminary . . Lakemont, N. Y . Martyn Summerbell.

Jireh College . Jireh, Wyo.. . . D. B. Atkinson.

Palmer College . Albany, Mo. . F. G Coffin

Union Christian College Merom, Ind. . . . W S Alexander

Bethlehem College Wadlev, Ala. R. F. Brown,

Periodicals

Herald of Gospel Liberty (weekly), Dayton, Ohio, Editor, Rev. Alva M. Kerr; Christian Missionary, Dayton, Ohio (monthly), Edi- tors, Rev. Omer S. Thomas and Rev. W. P. Minton; The Christian Sun (weekly), Richmond, Va.; Editor, J. P. Barrett,- The Christian Vanguard (monthly), Drayton, Ont., Editor, J. N. Dales; Christian Annual, Editor, Rev. J. F. Burnett; Journal of Christian Education, (monthly), Dr. W. A. Harper, Editor.

History

Following the War of the Revolution, the Rev. James O'Kelley, a Methodist minister in Virginia, opposed very earnestly the develop- ment of the authority of the episcopacy, especially so far as it gave the bishops absolute power in the matter of appointments of pas- tors. He, with a number of others, plead for the right of appeal to the General Conference from any mandate of the bishop. When this was denied, they withdrew from the conference in 1792, and later organized under the name of "Republican Methodists." In 1794 they resolved to be known as "Christians" only, taking the Bible as their guide and discipline, accepting no test of church fellowship other than Christian character, and making the government of the church absolutely congregational. O'Kelley and his associates carried their evangelistic campaigns over much of Virginia and North Carolina, and adjacent territory, establishing many congregations which shared their faith.

A similar movement arose among the Baptists in New England, led by Dr. Abner Jones, who organized a Christian church at Lyndon, Vermont, in 1801. The central idea of this movement was that minor matters of opinion should not constrict Christian fraternity. From this source spread the Christian Church movement over New Eng- land, New York, and other -portions of the east.

A third and like movement sprang up in Kentucky following the great Cane Ridge revival in 1804, when a number of ministers, without friction with their denominations, formed a group to be known simply as "Christians" with the Bible as their only creed, and Christian character alone as a basis of fellowship. Leading names in this movement were Robert Marshall, John Dunlavy, Richard Mc- Nemar, Barton W. Stone, John Thompson, and David Purviance. Their peculiar message was carried over much of the central west, resulting in a number of organizations of people who indorsed their position.

58 Year Book of the Churches

These three movements, O'Kelley in the south, Jones in New Eng- land, and Stone in Kentucky, were in the beginning independent and unrelated; in fact, each was ignorant of the existence of the others. Later, as they learned of the other movements, identical in kind and purpose, they became coordinated and unified into the organization known only as "The Christian Church," the official designation of which, by action of the General Convention of 1922, is "The General Convention of the Christian Church." The Christian Church is not infrequently confused with the Disciples of Christ, founded by Alex- ander Campbell, though their histories and identities are distinct

Doctrine

The various elements out of which this organization has resulted accept the Bible as their sole guide m faith, and have no other creed or statement of doctrine. Their interDretation of the teachings of the Bible is in accord with that of most evangelical organizations. They do not bar any follower of Christ from membership because of dif- ferences in theological belief. A like liberty extends to the ordinances of the church. Baptism is not made a requisite to membership. While immersion is generally practiced, no one mode is required. The churches practice open communion and labor to promote the spirit of unity among all Christians.

Polity

The p-eneral polity of the denomination is congregational. Each local church is independent in its organization, but ^at a very early period conferences were organized, which admitted ministers to mem- bership, and in which the churches were represented by lay delegates. These conferences were at first advisory only, but have largely de- veloped into administrative bodies.

The General Christian Convention, with two incorporated de- partments, the Mission Board of the Christian Church, and the Chris- tian Publishing Association, is primarily the agent of the churches, for the conduct of their general work. It meets quadrennially for the consideration of topics affecting the general church life and the formation of plans of work.

CHRISTIAN UNION

General Council, quadrennial ; next meeting, May, 1926.

Eleven state councils, meeting annually.

Officers • Pres , Kev. C. T. Payne, Craigville, Ind ; V. Pres., Rev. A. F. Dorrell, Lawson, Mo. ; Sec., Rev. J. W. Hyder, Excel- sior Springs, Mo. ; Cor. Sec , Eev. P. 0. Ortt, Coshocton, Ohio ; Treas.f J. N. Goode, Milo, Ind.

GENERAL MISSION BOARD. Pres., Miss Rosetta B. Lucas, Hillsboro, Ohio; Sec., Eev. J. C. Cupp, Thornville, Ohio; Treas., Mrs. Edna Thomas, Connersville, Ind., and J. N. Goode, Milo, Iowa, J. C. Briley, Rev. H. S. Smith, J. U. Fair.

Periodical Christian Union Witness, Excelsior Springs, Mo.

History

The Christian Union traces its origin to the movement in the first half of the nineteenth century, for a larger liberty in religious thought, a greater freedom from ecclesiastical domination, and a

Directory of Religious Bodies 59

closer affiliation of men and women of different creeds and lines of belief.

A convention of those interested gathered at Columbus, Ohio, February 3, 1864, and adopted a declaration of principles.

The next year, 1865, a general convention was held in Terre Haute, Indiana, reaffirming the action of the previous convention and adopt- ing a summary of principles as follows: (1) The oneness of the Church of Christ; (2) Christ the only head; (3) the Bible the only rule of faith and practice; (4) good fruits the only condition of fel- lowship; (5) Christian union without controversy; (6) each local church self-governing; (Y) political preaching discountenanced.

Doctrine and Polity

Apart from the brief summary already given, the Christian Union can scarcely be said to have a system of doctrine. The local church or congregation is absolutely self-governing.

CHURCH OP GOD AND SAINTS OF CHRIST (Colored)

Address Bishop W. H. Plummer, 15 Arnold St., Boston,

Mass.

History

In the latter part of the year 1896 William S. Crpwdy, a Negro man employed on the Sante Fe railroad as a cook, claimed to have a vision from God, calling him to lead his people to the true religion, and giving him prophetic endowment. He immediately* gave up his employment, went into Kansas, commenced preaching, and soon after organized the Church of God and Saints of Christ, at Lawrence. At first only a few persons joined him, but the numbers increased rapidly, and the headquarters were removed to Philadelphia, He was appointed bishop of the new body, and two white men who were as- sociated with him were subsequently raised to the same office.

Doctrine

Believing that the Negro race is descended from the ten lost tribes of Israel, Crowdy taught that the Ten Commandments and a literal adherence to the teachings of the Bible, including both the Old and New Testaments, are man's positive guides to salvation. In or- der, however, that the faithful may make no mistake as to the com- mandments which they are to follow, a pamphlet has been published by the church called the "Seven Keys," which includes Bible refer- ences giving the authoritv for the various customs and orders of the church. Among these customs are the observance of the Jewish calendar and feast-days, especially the Jewish Sabbath, and the use of the corresponding Hebrew names.

Admission to the church follows repentance for sin, baptism by immersion, confession of faith in Christ, the reception of unleavened bread and water at the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, the wash- ing of the feet by an elder, and the pledge of the holy kiss. The last mentioned is also a general form of greeting, but, having been criti- sized severely, it is frequently omitted.

Polity

The organization of the church centers in an executive board or council, called a "presbytery," consisting of 12 ordained elders and evangelists, whose duty it is to look after the general business of the church. The prophet, who is presiding officer both of the executive board and of the church, is not elected, but holds his position by virtue

60 Year Book of the Churches

of a divine call. He is believed by his followers to be in direct com- munication with the Deity, to utter prophecies by the will of God, and to perform miracles. On his death, the prophetic office lapses until a new vision appears.

There are district annual and general assemblies, composed of the different orders of the ministry, and including delegates from each local church or tabernacle. The ministerial order includes min- isters not in full ordination, elders fully ordained, evangelists (elders engaged in general missionary work), and bishops, the last mentioned not exceeding four in number. The ministers hold office during good behavior. The temporal affairs of the church ^ are cared for by deacons under general supervision of the assemblies.

CHURCH OP THE NAZAEENE

General Assembly, quadrennial; next session, Kansas City, Mo., Sept. 27-Oct 9, 1923.

Forty-one district assemblies.

Headquarters: 2905 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo.

Officers : Gen. Supts., Rev. H. F. Reynolds, 2905 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo. ; Rev. J. W. Goodwin, 1850 N. Sierra Bonita Ave., Pasadena, Calif; Rev. R. T. Williams, 208 N. Rosemont Ave, Dallas, Texas; Gen. Sec., Rev. B. J Fleming, 2905 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo. ; Gen. Statistical Sec., Rev. C. A. Kinder, 2905 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo. ; Gen Railroad Sec., Rev. De Lance Wallace, 308 12th Ave , N , Seattle, Wash. ; Gen. Treas., Rev. E. G. Anderson, 2905 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo.

GENERAL BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. H. F. Rey- nolds; Sec.-Treas., Rev. E. G. Anderson.

GENERAL BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS AND EVANGELISM. Pres., Rev. L. Milton Williams; Sec.-Treas., Rev. N. B. Herrell.

GENERAL BOARD OF PUBLICATION. Pres., John T. Benson; Sec., J. F. Sanders.

GENERAL BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Rev. Jas. B. Chapman; Sec.-Treas., Rev. H. Orton Wiley.

GENERAL BOARD OF CHURCH EXTENSION. Pres., Dr. Edwin Burke; Sec., Rev. Jos. N, Speakes.

GENERAL BOARD OF SOCIAL WELFARE. Pres., Dr. J. Howard Sloan; Sec., Miss Lue Miller.

GENERAL ORPHANGE BOARD. Pres., Rev. Theodore E. Ludwig; Sec., Rev. Oscar Hudson.

GENERAL BOARD OF MUTUAL BENEFIT. Pre®., Rev. F. M. Mes- senger; Sec~Treas., Rev. E. J. Fleming.

GENERAL BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF. Pres., Rev. F. M. Mes- senger; Sec.-Treas., Rev. E. J. Fleming.

GENERAL COLPORTAGE BOARD. Pres., Rev. C. E. Cornell: Sec., Rev. C. A. Kinder.

Address for the Boards, 2905 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo.

Colleges Name Location President

Bethany-Pemel College Bethany, Okla A. K. .Bracken.

Eastern Nazarene College, .. . Wollaston, Mass. ,. F. J. Shields.

Olivet University Olivet, 111 J. E. L. Moore.

Northwest Nazarene College Nampa, Idaho H. Orton Wiley.

Pasadena University Pasadena, Calif A 0 Hendncks.

Trevecca College Nashville, Tenn C. E, Haidy.

Directory of Religious Bodies 61

Junior Colleges Name Location President

Central Nazarene College Hamlm, Tex E. D. Cornish,

Nazarene Bible School and Acad- emy Hutchmson, Kans . , , E P Ellyson,

Periodicals

Herald of Holiness (weekly), Editor, J. B. Chapman; Youth's Comrade (weekly), Editor, Miss Mabel Hanson; The Other Sheep (monthly) , Editor, E. G. Anderson. Address for all periodicals, 2109 Troost Avenue, Kansas City, Mo.

History

Toward the close of the nineteenth century a movement for the spread and conservation of Scriptural holiness, corresponding some- what to that historically known as the Wesleyan Revival of the prev- ious century, developed almost simultaneously in various parts of the United States, everywhere with a spontaneous drawing in the unity of the spirit toward closer affiliation of those of like precious faith, and finally culminating in the organization of the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene.

The great impulse of this movement has been the emphasis placed by the Scriptures upon the fact that in the atonement Jesus has made provision not only to save men from their sins, but also to cleanse from all sin and perfect them in love. The immediate occasion was the feeling that full liberty to emphasize the Wesleyan Doctrine of entire sanctification, which came to be called the "Full Gospel," was not allowed in the then existing churches.

Four movements, one in New England, one in New York City, one in California, and one in the Middle Southern States, were organized almost simultaneously about 1894 to carry out these principles.

In 18^6 the Eastern movements were united as the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America. In October, 1907, the bodies known as the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America in the eastern part of the United States, and the Church of the Nazarene m the western part held a joint meeting at Chicago, Illinois, when they united in the organization of the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene. In October, 1908, the Southern body known as the Holiness Church of Christ, joined this union; in February 1915, another body, known as the Pentecostal Mission Churches of the Southeastern States united; and in November, 1915, the Pentecostal Church of Scotland and England also united with the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene. At the General Assembly in 1919 the word "Pentecostal" was dropped and the official name became "The Church of the Nazarene."

Doctrine

In doctrine the Church of the Nazarene is essentially m accord with the Methodist Episcopal Church. It stands for apostolic purity of doctrine, primitive simplicity of worship and pentecostal power in experience. The dispensational truth being, that Jesus Christ bap- tizes believers with the Holy Ghost, cleansing them from all sin, and empowering them to witness the grace of God to men, this church stands especially for this truth and this experience. It recognizes that the right and privilege of men to church membership rests upon the fact of their being regenerate ; and would require only such state-

62 Year Book of the Churches

ments of belief as are essential to Christian experience, and the main- tenance of that condition. Whatever is not essential to life in Jesus Christ may be left to individual liberty of Christian thought. That which is essential to Christian life lies at the very basis of their associated life and fellowship m the church, and there can be no failure to believe this without forfeiting Christian life itself, and thus the right of all church affiliation.

While emphasizing the baptism with the Holy Ghost as a second experience of divine grace, it does not set aside, but emphasizes the great cardinal doctrines of Christianity. The Church of the Nazarene believes :

1. In one God, the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

2. In the divine inspiration of the Old and New Testament Scrip- tures, and that they contain all truth necessary to faith and Christian living.

3. That man is born with a fallen nature, and is, therefore, in- clined to evil, and that continually.

4. That the finally impenitent are hopelessly and eternally lost.

5. That the atonement through Christ is for the whole human race; and that whosoever repents and believes on the Lord Jesus Christ is justified and regenerated and saved from the dominion of sin.

6. That believers are to be sanctified wholly subsequent to con- version, through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ.

7. That the Holy Spirit bears witness to the new birth and also to the entire sanctification of believers.

8. In the return of our Lord, in the resurrection of the dead, and in the final judgment.

This church regards that its work is more especially to preach the gospel to the poor and to organize people into church life, where holiness unto the Lord shall have full right of way. With malice toward none and love for all, it lifts the cross in the full meaning of the words: "If we walk in the light as he is the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son, cleanseth us from all sin." "This is the will of God even your sancti- fication."

Polity

The ecclesiastical organization is representative, thus avoiding the extremes of Episcopacy on the one hand and unlimited Congre- gationalism on the other. It is symmetrically organized, having a General Assembly which meets every four years and elects general superintendents and general boards,* forty-one districts which hold annual assemblies and elect district superintendents and district boards, license and ordain ministers, and commission evangelists. The local congregation is in charge of regularly electing pastors.

The Church is intensely evangelistic at home and missionary abroad.

CHURCHES OP CHRIST

No general organization, but numerous independent churches. Address J. W. Shepherd, 430 Grand Boulevard W.. Detroit, Mich.

History

In their early history, in the United States, the churches which gathered under the leadership of Thomas and Alexander Campbell, Barton W. Stone, and others, emphasized the distinctly apos-

Directory of Religious Bodies 63

tolic character of the individual church, not merely as a worshiping congregation and a working force, but as an autonomous ecclesiastical body. As set forth in the "declaration and address," by Thomas Campbell, they deplored human creeds and systems and protested against considering anything as a matter of faith and duty for which there could not be produced a "Thus saith the Lord," either in expressed terms or from approved precedent, and held that they should follow "after the example of the primitive church exhibited in the New Testament without any additions whatever of human opin- ions or inventions of men." With this basis of action they adopted as the keynote of the movement, "Where the Scriptures speak, we speak; where the Scriptures are silent, we are silent."

As the churches increased in membership and wealth, however, there arose what seemed to some to be a desire for popularity and for such "human inventions" as had been deplored in the beginning of the movement. Chief among these "inventions" were a general organization of the churches into a missionary society with a "money basis" of membership and the use of instrumental music in church worship. The agitation for the organization of a missionary society began soon after 1840, and continued until the American Christian Missionary Society was formed in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1849. Al- though this ^ received Mr. Campbell's approval, many of his brethren were dissatisfied and held firmly to the earlier position, quoting his own language in speaking of the apostolic Christians.

A society with a "money basis" and a delegated membership, it was urged, was the beginning of apostasy from New Testament Christianity.

There was also decided opposition to instrumental music in the services of the Church and controversy over pastors and unscriptural methods of raising money.

This church in the census of 1890 and of 1906 was confused with the Disciples of Christ, and its membership, in some cashes, reported in statistics of that body.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine and polity the Churches of Christ are, in some re- spects, in accord with the Disciples of Christ. They reject all human creeds and confessions of faith, consider the Scriptures a sufficient rule of faith and practice, emphasize the "divine sonship of Jesus" and the "divine personality of the Holy Spirit," and regard the Lord's Supper as a memorial service rather than as a sacrament, to be ob- served each Lord's Day. The church, with such officers as belonged to it in apostolic times, is considered a divine institution. Each local church is independent; elects its own officers, calls its own ministers, and conducts its own affairs. Membership is on the general basis of faith in Christ, repentance, and baptism (immersion). The minis- terial office is not emphasized, and there are no ministerial associa- tions. Each elder is a member of the church which he serves, and is subject to its discipline. In general, a doctrine of nonresistance is advocated.

CHURCH OF GOD (GENERAL ASSEMBLY)

General Assembly, annual; next meeting, November, 1923. Officers: Gen. Overseer, A. J. Tomlinson, 2525 Gaut St., Cleveland, Tenn.

FOREIGN MISSIONS. Sec.~Treas.f J. S. Llewellyn, Cleveland, Tenn. HOME MISSIONS. Treas., J. S. Llewellyn, Cleveland, Tenn.

64 Year Book of the Churches

School

Name Location Superintendent

Bible Training School . . Cleveland, Tcnn . F. J. Lee.

Periodical Church of God Evangel, Cleveland, Tenn., Editor, J. S. Llewellyn.

History

The denomination known as the General Assembly of the Church of God had its origin in the conviction of a number of people, in different denominations in Tennessee, that existing bodies with which they were acquainted were not strictly in accord with their views of Scripture, and in the belief that their wishes for a body conform- ing to their own views must be satisfied. The first organization was formed in August, 1886, in Monroe County, Tennessee, under the name "Christian Union." In 1902 there was a reorganization under the name, "Holiness Church," and in January, 1907, a third meeting, at Union Grove, Bradley County, Tennessee, adopted the name, "Church of God," with a membership of 150, representing five local churches in North Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee. From that time the body has grown until it is represented in 22 states and has churches in the British West Indies.

Doctrine

In doctrine this body is Arminian and in accord with the Meth- odist bodies. It recognizes no creed as authoritative, but relies upon the Bible "as a whole rightly divided" as the final court of appeal. It emphasizes sanctification as a second definite experience subse- quent to regeneration. Conditions of membership are profession of faith in Christ, experience of being "born again," bearing the fruits of a Christian life, and recognition of the obligation to accept and practice all the teachings of the church. The sacraments observed are: The Lord's Supper, feet-washing, and water baptism by im- mersion.

Polity

The ecclesiastical organization is described as "a blending of Con- gregational and Episcopal, ending in theocratical, by which is meant that every question is to be decided by God's Word."

The officers of the churches are bishops, deacons, and evangelists. Bishops and deacons must be at least 24 years of age, have experi- enced sanctification and baptism of the Holy Ghost, evidenced by speaking with other tongues as the Spirit gives utterance, and must prove themselves to have lived 'what they profess. There is no age limit for evangelists. All are required to have a fair general edu- cation, good judgment, wisdom, and ability to speak.

CHURCHES OF GOD IN NORTH AMERICA, GENERAL ELDERSHIP OF THE

General Eldership, quadrennial.

Headquarters: Hamsburg, Pa.

Officers : Pres.3 Rev, J, L, Updegraph, Fiadlay, Ohio , Clerk,

Directory of Religious Bodies 65

Ecv. S. Fulmer, Mt. Pleasant, Pa.; Treas., C. E. Miller, Pen- brook, Pa.

EXECUTIVE BOARD. Pres., Rev. F. W. McGuire, Rohrerstown, Pa. BOARD OF MISSIONS. Sec., Rev. J. L. Updegraph, Fmdlay, Ohio. PUBLISHING HOUSE. Pres., Rev. S. G. Yahn, Harrisburg, Pa.

School

Name Location President

Fmdlay College Fmdlay, 0 W. H. Guyer.

Periodical Church Advocate (weekly), Harrisburg, Pa., Editor, S. G. Yahn.

History

The founder of this denomination was John Winebrenner, who in 1820 as a minister of the German Reformed Church, now the Re- formed Church in the United States, entered upon the pastorate in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. His preaching was of a distinctly revival character and awakened strong opposition, resulting in severing Mr. Winebrenner's connection with the German Reformed Church in 1828. In 1829 he organized an independent church, calling it simply the "Church of God." The movement was more fully organized in 1845 and m 1896 changed to the present name and organization.

Doctrine

In doctrine the Churches of God are evangelical and orthodox, and Arminian rather than Calvinistic. They hold as distinctive views, that sectarianism is antiscriptural ; that each local church is a church of God, and should be so called; that in general, Bible things, as church offices and customs, should be known by Bible names, and a Bible name should not be applied to anything not mentioned in the Bible; and that there are not two, but three, ordinances that are perpetually obligatory, namely, Baptism, the Lord's Supper, and the religious washing of the saints' feet. The last two they regard as conrpanion ordinances, which are always to be observed together, and in the evening. The only form of baptism recognized is the immer- sion of believers. They have no written creed, but accept the Word of God as their only rule of faith and practice. They insist strongly on the doctrines of the Trinity, human depravity, atonement through the sacrifice of Christ, the office and work of the Holy Spirit, man's moral agency, justification by faith, repentance and regeneration, practical piety, the observance of the Lord's Day, the resurrection of the dead, the eternal being of the soul, and future and eternal rewards and punishments.

Polity

The polity of the churches is presbyterian. Each local church votes for a pastor, but the annual elderships make the appointments within their own boundaries. The church elects its own elders and deacons, who, with the pastor, constitute the church council, and are the governing power, having charge of the admission of mem- bers and the general care of the church work. The ministers within a certain territory, and an equal number of laymen elected by the various churches (or charges), constitute annual elderships, corre- sponding to presbyteries, which have the exclusive right to ordain ministers. The different annual elderships combine to form the Gen-

66 Year Book of the Churches

eral Eldership, which meets once in four years, and is composed of an equal number of ministerial and lay representatives, men and women as nearly as possible in equal numbers.

CHURCHES OF THE LIVING GOD

Under this head are included three bodies of Negro Churches, similar in general type, though differing in many details.

CHURCH OF THE LIVING GOD No directory obtainable.

History

This is a group of Negro churches in Texas, organized about 1908 as a separate body, in protest against what they deem the wrong subservience of the regular denominations to class and race preju- dice. They hold that not only the white but Negro denominations have erred greatly in their interpretation of the Bible; and that as the Negro race had advanced since 1865 most rapidly in its spiritual life, notwithstanding the iniquities and prejudices of very many, they should seek the union for which Christ prayed in an organization based distinctly on His Word.

CHURCH OF THE LIVING GOD (Christian Workers for Fellowship)

Synod, annual. General Assembly meets annually in No- vember.

Officers: Chief, Rev. William Christian, 1126 Woodlawn St., Memphis, Term.; Vice-Chief, Rev. C. L. Bryant, 3316 Colby St , Dallas, Tex. ; Sec., Mrs. E. L. Christian.

Chief's cabinet: Rev. William Christian, Rev. C L Bryant, Rev. George Williams, Rev. A. W. Thompson, Rev. I. J. Big- gers, Rev. B. M. Campbell, Rev. W. E. Bowen, Rev. J. J Palmer, Rev. M. L Gibson, Rev. R. J. Bryant, Rev. E. T. Webb.

ELECT SISTERS' WORK. Gen. Sec., Mrs. Mary E. M. Caldwell, Texarkana, Ark.

SISTERS' HOME MISSION. Gen. See., Mrs. Mary Burton, R. No. 4, Box 11, Dallas, Tex.

College and Seminary

Name Location President

Church of the Living God Seminary Ponta, Tex . C. L. Bryant.

Periodical

The Brotherhood Reporter, Editor, E. L. Christian, 1126 Wood- lawn St., Memphis, Tenn.

History

The Church of the Living God "Christian Workers for Friend- ship" was organized at Wrightsville, Arkansas, in 1889, by Rev. Wil-

Directory of Religious Bodies 67

Ham Christian. In 1915 the name was changed to Christian Workers for Fellowship. There have been two secessions from this church: The Church of the Living God (Apostolic Church), now known as the Church of the Living God, General Assembly; and the Church of Christ in God, which more recently has consolidated with the parent body.

The distinctive characteristics of the church are believers' bap- tism by immersion, the washing of the saints* feet, and the use of water and unleavened bread in the Lord's Supper. The local organi- zations are known as "temples" rather than as "churches," and are subject to the authority of a general assembly. The presiding officer is styled the "chief," or "bishop," and the ministry includes evangel- ists, pastors, and local preachers.

A considerable number of ministers are engaged in general mis- sionary work for the extension of the church; Sunday schools occupy a prominent place in the church life; and there is a gospel extension club -engaged in works of mercy, particularly along the lines followed by fraternal societies, rendering assistance in the care of the sick and the burying of the dead.

CHURCH OF THE LIVING GOD, GENERAL ASSEMBLY

General Assembly, biennial ; next meeting August 3, 1923. Headquarters: Louisville, Ky.

Officers: Bishop, J. A. Edmondson; Cor. Sec. and Treas., Kev. C. Davis, Houston, Tenn. ; Sec., Chas. Chase.

CHURCH EXTENSION BOAKD. Nat. Sec., Rt. Rev. E. J. Cain, Louisville, Ky.

Periodical

Guiding Star of Truth, Houston, Tex., Editor, Rev. James Pendleton.

History

The Apostolic Chuch, also called the "Christian Fellowship Workers," withdrew from the Church of the Living God, Christian Workers for Fellowship, in 1902, partly because of opposition to the head of that body and partly because of a different conception of certain articles of faith and church government. For several years the churches composing it were in a somewhat unsettled and disor- ganized state, with no stable form of government, name, or perma- nent leadership. In 1908 the presiding officer, Apostle Chas. W. Harris, called together the ministers and representatives from the different local churches, who then organized themselves into one association known as the General Assembly, Church of the Living God.

In this body the presiding apostle is styled officer instead of chief or bishop, and it has eight orders among its ministers — apostles, lead- ers, prophets, evangelists, pastors, teachers, elders, and deacons.

The General Assembly of synods meets annually in the month of November at Waco, Texas, and this place of meeting is spoken of among the worshipers as Jerusalem.

In doctrine and general organization the church corresponds closely to the Methodist churches.

68 Year Book of the Churches

CHURCHES OF THE NEW JERUSALEM (SWEDENBORGIAN)

GENERAL STATEMENT

The churches of the New Jerusalem, popularly called Swe- denborgian, are two in number. The early history of both is given in the statement of the General Convention of the New Jerusalem, the older body ; while the movement which resulted in the organization of a second body, and the points on which it differs from the General Convention, are set forth in the state- ment of the General Church of the New Jerusalem.

GENERAL CONVENTION OF THE NEW JERUSALEM

General Convention, annual; next meeting May, 1923, in Washington, D 0.

Ten associations, meeting annually or semi-annually (also two others in Canada).

Officers : Pres., Kev. Wm. L. Worcester, 5 Bryant St., Cam- bridge 38, Mass. ; Rec. Sec., Benjamin A. Whittemore, 134 Bow- doiii St, Boston 9, Mass.; Treas., Albert P. Carter, 511 Barris- ter's Hall, Boston 9, Mass.

General Pastors

Rev. George H. Dole, 1116 Broome St., Wilmington, Del.

Kev. John Goddard, 52 Brookside Ave., Newtonville, Mass.

Rev. Norman 0. Goddard, Pretty Prairie, Kans.

Rev. Charles W. Harvey, 315 N. 35th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. Louis G. Hoeck, 2822 Highland Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Rev. Louis G. Landenberger, 3741 Windsor Place, St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. John F. Potts, Bryn Athyn, Pa.

Rev. Wm. L. Worcester, 5 Bryant St., Cambridge, Mass.

BOAKD OF HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres,, Ezra H. Alden, 1223 Commercial Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec., Rev. Paul Sperry, 1437 Q St., N. W., Washington, D, C.j Treas., Lloyd A. Frost, 39 Guaranty Trust Co., Cambridge, Mass.

AUGMENTATION FUND. Chmn,, Geo. C. Warren, 9 Cambridge St., Boston, Mass.; Sec.-Treas,, Albert P. Carter, 511 Barrister's Hall, Boston, Mass..

BOARD OF PUBLICATION, 108 Clark St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Pres., Robert Alfred Shaw; See., Charles D. Allen; Treas., John F. Seekamp.

COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION, Chmn., Rev. Lewis F. Kite, 42 Arlington St., Cambridge 40, Mass.

AMERICAN NEW-CHURCH SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION. Pres, Rev. John D aboil, 84 Walker St., Newtonville, Mass.; Sec.-Treas., John V. Horr, 1880 Brightwood St., Cleveland, Ohio.

Directory of Religious Bodies 69

AMERICAN NEW-CHURCH LEAGUE. Pres., Philip M. Alden, 334 So. 43d St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec., Miss Pearl A. Sawyer, 12 Fenelon St., Dorchester, Mass.; Treas., Eliot L. Bedloe, Newtonville, Mass.

NATIONAL ALLIANCE OF NEW-CHURCH WOMEN. Pres., Mrs. Edwin A. Munyer, 830 Oakwood Blvd., Chicago, 111.; Sec., Mrs. E. 0. Woodward, 48 Harvard St., Newtonville 60, Mass.; Treas., Mrs. Carle- ton M. Moody, The Wallingford, W. Philadelphia, Pa.

NEW-CHURCH LECTURE AND PUBLICITY BUREAU. Chmn; Kev. Walter B. Murray, 510 Steinway Bldg., Chicago, 111.

SOCIAL SERVICE COMMISSION. Chmn., Eev. C. W. Harvey, 315 N. 35th St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Exec. Sec., Eev. John W. Stockwell, 2129 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Theological Seminary

Name Location President

New Church Theological School . Cambridge, Mass . .W. L. Worcester.

Academic

Urbnna Univeisity School Urbana, Miss Louis G Hoeck.

Waltham School for Girls , .Waltham, Mass Martha Mason.

Periodicals

New-Church Review (quarterly), Boston, Mass., Editor, Rev. Lewis F. Kite; New Church Messenger (weekly), Brooklyn, N, Y., Editor, Eev. E. M. L. Gould; The Helper (weekly), American New- Church Tract and Publication Society, Philadelphia, Pa. ; New-Church League Journal (monthly), Chicago, 111.; Sunday Afternoons (weekly), Boston 9, Mass.

History

The Church of the New Jerusalem, known also as the "New Church," was first organized in London m 1787. It is based upon the theological writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, 1688-1772.

The first New Church society in America was founded at Balti- more in 1792, and in 1817 the General Convention of the New Jeru- salem in the United States of America was organized. In 1890 a considerable number withdrew and later organized the General Church of the New Jerusalem.

Doctrine

The general doctrines of the New Church teach that there is one God, even the Lord God, the Saviour, Jesus Christ; that there is in Him a Trinity, not of persons, but of essence, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; that the Father is the inmost Divine Essence, or Love, from which all things are; that the Son is the Divine Wisdom and Word, by which the Divine Love is manifested and acts; and the Holy Spirit is the Divine Proceeding and Operation; and that these three are related to each other in God, as are soul, body, and operation, in man. Thus they teach that the Lord Jesus Christ, as the one Divine Person, in whom is the Father, and from whom is the Holy Spirit, is, in His glorified humanity, the one God of heaven and of earth, and the supreme and sole object of worship for angels and men.

With regard to revelation, they teach that the Word of God con- tained in the Bible is not written like any other book, and can not be subjected to the same methods of criticism; that it is plenanly in- spired by the Lord Himself, and like Nature, is a divine symbol; that besides the literal sense adapted to men, it contains a spiritual sense adapted to angels; that these senses are connected with each other by the great law of correspondence, in accordance with which the universe is created; and it contains the rule of life for angels and men.

70 Year Book of the Churches

With regard to redemption, they teach that the one God, Jehovah, the Creator of the universe, came down upon earth in the assumption, by birth from a virgin, of a human nature in order that He might live a human life, and, by purging it, redeem it; that in doing so He met and overcame in His temptations all the enemies of the human race, and reduced them to eternal subjection; and that He continues to hold them in subjection m the mind and heart of every man who will co- operate with Him by faith and obedience ; and that the application of this redeeming work in those who believe in Him and keep His com- mandments is salvation.

With regard to death and the spiritual world, they teach that when a man dies he is raised up in his spiritual body in the spiritual world, and there lives forever, in heaven or in hell, his state being determined by the spiritual character he had formed for himself by his life in this world; the judgment occurs immediately after death, in the world of spirits, which is intermediate between heaven and hell, and it consists in a man's coming to know himself in the light of the eternal realities of the Word of God.

Besides these cardinal points, the doctrines of the New Church have much to say about the laws of divine order and of divine provi- dence; about faith and charity; about free will and imputation, re- pentance and regeneration; about marriage; about mental develop- ment in childhood and age; about the successive churches or divine dispensations that have existed on this earth, and the judgments ter- minating each; all of which teachings, based on the Word of the Lord, the believers hold to be in complete harmony with each other, and with the deductions of sound reason and the analogies of nature.

Baptism is administered in the scriptural formula, "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit," to children as well as to adults who come on confession of their faith. Infant bap- tism is followed by the rite of confirmation or ratification m maturer years, which is usually identified with the first communion, and this profession of faith in the essential doctrines of the church is re- garded as the appropriate gate of admission to the sacrament of the Lord's table.

Polity

The polity of the church is a modified episcopacy, but the socie- ties and associated bodies are left the utmost freedom in the adminis- tration of their local affairs.

The General Convention is held annually, and every church mem- ber has a right to take part in the deliberations, be appointed on com- mittees, and be elected to office, but the right to vote is limited to min- isters whose official acts are reported to the convention, and to delegates of associations. In some cases women are sent as delegates.

The convention is an ecclesiastical, a legislative, and a judicial body.

A council of ministers, which consists of all the ministers belong- ing to the convention, has charge of matters pertaining to the ministry.

The ministry includes ministers, pastors, and general pastors.

The worship of the church is generally liturgical, chants being extensively used, but great latitude is observed in different societies and localities.

GENERAL CHURCH OP THE NEW JERUSALEM Consistory; meets weekly. Headquarters . Bryn Athyn, Pa.

Officers Sec , Kev. W. B. Caldwdl, Bryn Athyn, Pa. ; Trcas , H. Hyatt, Bryn Athyn, Pa.

Directory of Religious Bodies 71

Bishops

N. D. Pendleton, Bryn Athyn, Pa. W. F. Pendleton (Emeritus), Bryn, Athyn, Pa. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Pres., Dr. F. A. Boericke; Vice-Pres., Raymond Pitcairn; Sec., Paul Carpenter; Treas., H. Hyatt.

School

Name Location President

Academy of the New Church . Bryn Athyn, Pa N, D. Pendleton.

Periodicals

New Church Life (monthly), Editor, Bev. W. B. Caldwell; Bulletin (monthly) , Rev. Wm. Whitehead.

History

The General Church of the New Jerusalem traces its origin as an independent ecclesiastical body to the development, at the very begin- ning of the New Church in England and America, of a movement "toward a strict adherence to the doctrines and principles revealed in the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, and toward distinctiveness of teaching, worship, and life, in the Church of the New Jerusalem." This separate organization, beginning in 1876, through various changes, was reorganized in 1897 under the name "The General Church of the New Jerusalem."

Doctrine

In doctrine the General Church of the New Jerusalem differs from other branches of the organized New Church simply in its attitude toward the theological writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, which it regards as being "Divinely inspired and thus the very Word of the Lord, revealed at His second coming.'*

Polity

The polity of the General Church is based upon the principle of "practical unanimity/' to be secured through deliberation and free cooperation in "council and assembly."

COMMUNISTIC SOCIETIES AMAFA SOCIETY

(Called also The Community of True Inspiration)

Communistic. The affairs of the community are managed by a board of 13 trustees who meet monthly.

.Officers : Pres., George Heineman, S. Amana, la ; Vice-Pres., Jacob F. Moershel, Homestead, la. ; Sec., William F. Moershel, Amana, la.

History

About the time that the Dunkers in Germany were developing under the influence of Pietism there arose a community more thor- oughly representative of the mysticism of the period, the members of which were convinced that the days of direct inspiration by God had not passed, but that persons then living were endowed with the same divine power. Gradually they gathered strength, and in 1714 a small company of them under the leadership of Johann Frederick

72 Year Book of the Churches

Rock and Eberhard Ludwig Gruber met m Himbach, Hesse, and gave expression to their belief by a somewhat loose organization. They in- creased in numbers and in influence, but suffered severely at the hands of the government. On the death of Johann Frederick Rock, m 1749, "the gift of inspiration ceased."

His successors continued the work along the lines of the founders, but the congregations diminished in number until 1817, when a new impulse was given by Michael Kraussert and a peasant girl of Alsace, Barbara Heinemann, both of whom were recognized by a number of the older members as inspired and endowed with the gift of prophecy. With them, later, was associated Christian Metz, and these leaders traveled considerably and gradually strengthened the scattered organi- zations. By 1826 it became apparent that the Inspirationists, of whom there were many m Wurtemberg and other provinces, would have to renounce their faith and return to the fold of the state church, or leave their homes and seek refuge where they could follow their religious customs unmolested. A large estate at Marienborn, Hesse, was leased, to which other properties were added, and by 1835 the community was quite prosperous. Difficulties with the govern- ment, however, arose again. The authorities would not accept affirma- tion as the equivalent of the oath, which the members of the society refused to take. Already a revelation had come to Metz that they should be led out to a land of peace, and in 1842 it was decided thai he and some other members should come to America.

They arrived in New York on the 26th of October of that year, and learning that the Seneca Indian reservation, near Buffalo, was available, secured9 the property. Little by little the entire commu- nity, numbering some 800 people, came over from Germany, and the society was organized in 1843 under the name of the Ebenezer So- ciety, and houses were arranged in four villages, Lower, Middle, Upper, and New Ebenezer. Each village had its store, meetinghouse or place of worship, and school, and its own local government con- sisting of a board of elders. As the numbers increased, the quar- ters became too narrow and another change was suggested, which re- sulted, in 1855, in removal to the present location in Iowa County, Iowa, where the villages of Amana, East, Middle, High, West, and South Amana, and Homestead were established.

In 1859 the society was incorporated as a religious and benevo- lent society under the name of the "Amana Society," although the term "Community of True Inspiration" is also used. The purpose of this association is declared to be an entirely religious one, for the service of God, the salvation of souls, and the demonstration in the community of faithfulness in inward and outward service. In order to accomplish this in full for all members, the entire property remains as a common estate, with all improvements and additions. Every member at the time of joining the society, is in duty bound to give his or her personal or real property to the trustees for the common fund. For such payments each member is entitled to a credit on the books of the society and to a receipt signed by the president and secretary, and is secured by a pledge of the common property of the society. All claims for wages, interest, and sharing income .are released and each member is entitled to support through life. All children and minors, after the death of parents or relatives, are under the special guardi- anship of the trustees, and credits not disposed of by will, or debts left by parents, are assumed by their children. Persons leaving the society either by their own choice or by expulsion, receive the amount paid by them into the common fund, without interest or allowance for services during the time of their membership.

Directory of Religious Bodies 73

Doctrine

The confession of faith is founded on the revealed Word of God manifest in the Scriptures and in the words of the instruments of true inspiration. Since the death of Christian Metz, in 1867, and of ( Barbara Heinemann, in 1883, no one is believed to have had the gift of inspiration.

Polity

The general government of the society is in the hands of a board of 13 trustees, who were elected annually out of the board of elders.

Religious meetings are held in the meeting houses twice on Sun- day and sometimes on week days. A short prayer meeting is held every evening.

THE UNITED SOCIETY OF BELIEVERS

(Commonly called Shakers)

A society of celibate Christian Communists. The Ministry : Composed of two Brothers and two Sisters Official meetings are held as circumstances require. Headquarters : Mount Lebanon, N. Y.

Ministry

Elder Walter Shepherd, Mt. Lebanon, N. Y. Elder Arthur Bruce, East Canterbury, N. H. Eldress Sarah Burger, Mt. Lebanon, N. Y. Eldress M. Catherine Allen, Mt. Lebanon, N. Y.

History

The movement of which this society was the outcome originated in England about the middle of the eighteenth century. In their meet- ings a spiritual power was experienced, so strong that their bodies were exercised in various ways, and they were called in derision, "Shaking Quakers." Ann Lee, who later became their leader, after being greatly concerned for many years over human depravity, came to the conviction that the root of evil in the world was the uncon- trolled, undirected use of the sexual relation, and that the way to purity of life lay in abstinence and control of passion. The plain preaching and fervent exercises of her company became so offensive that a severe persecution broke out, and several times she narrowly escaped death. While imprisoned, in Manchester in 1770, she received a further vision, and taught that the Christ Spirit which had anointed and inspired Jesus now rested upon and spoke through her; that it was necessary that Christ should come a second time, through a woman, to complete the perfect way of salvation; and that the Holy or Mother Spirit was manifested through a woman, as the Father Spirit had been manifested through Jesus.

Persecution ceased, but the new doctrines, accepted by the little company, were not widely adopted, and, after two years of quiet Ann Lee, with eight followers, conceived the idea of emigrating to Amer- ica. The little party landed at New York on August 6, 1774. Only one of the number, John Hocknell, had means, and he paid the fare of the party and afterwards purchased a tract of land in the woods of Niskeyuna, or Watervliet, where, in 1776, they built their first rude log cabin and made preparation for the increase in numbers which Mother Ann, as she was known, firmly believed would follow.

The period of greatest missionary activity was from 1805 in 1835, during which time societies were planted in Kentucky, Ohio,

74 Year Book of the Churches

Indiana, and the Eastern States, and the membership came to number fully 5,000.

From the beginning Ann Lee and her followers were practical believers in the intercouse of spirits within and without the body, anticipating thus by many years the advent of modern spiritualism The period from 1837 to 1848 is known as the time of "Spirit Mani- festation/' or "Mother Ann's Second Coming," and during this time remarkable spirit phenomena are said to have been observed in all of the societies.

Since 1860 there has been a steady decline in numbers. They believe that a new revival of true Shaker living is certain to come in due time. They are not greatly concerned whether the revival is to find expression in a resuscitation of the existing communities, or whether it shall build for itself new forms, better adapted to the needs of the new day.

Doctrine

Shakerism is claimed to be "a kind of Christian Socialism, whose basis is the spiritual family, founded on the type of the natural family." The duality of Deity is recognized, man having been made in the image of God. Hence, father and mother are coequal, and the spiritual parents, at the head of the order and of each family, are equal in power and authority, and this equality of the sexes extends through the entire membership and all departments of life. Of the principles that are the foundation of Shakerism the ones most em- phasized are "virgin purity, peace or nonresistance, brotherhood, and community of goods."

Polity

The organizations include the family or local society, consisting of one or more families, and a central ministry, or bishopric, presiding over all subordinate bishoprics and societies.

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES

National Council, biennial j next session at Springfield, Mass., October, 1923.

Officers: Mod., Eev. "William E. Barton, Oak Park, 111.; Sec., Rev. Charles E. Burton, 289 Fourth Ave., New York City; Treas , Frank P. Moore, 287 Fourth Ave., New York City.

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONEES FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS, 14 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Pres., Rev. Edward C. Moore; Cor. Sees., Rev. James L, Barton, Rev. Cornelius H. Patton; Editorial Sec., E. F. Bell; Asso. Sees., D. B. Eddy, Rev. Ernest W. Riggs; Treas., F. A. Gaskins.

AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION, 287 Fourth Ave., New York City. Pres., Rev. Nehemiah Boynton; Cor. Sees., Rev. George L. Cady, Rev. Fred L. Brownlee; Sec. of Bureau of Woman's Work, Mrs. F. W. Wilcox; Treas, Irving C. Gaylord.

CONGREGATIONAL HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 287 Fourth Ave., New York City. Pres., Rev. J. Percival Huget; Gen. Sec.f Rev. Ernest M. Halhday; Sec. of Missions, Rev. Frank L. Moore; Sec. of Woman's Dept., Miss Miriam L. Woodberry; Treas., Charles H. Baker

CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION SOCIETY, 14 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Pres., Rev. Charles R. Brown; Sec., Rev. F. M. Sheldon; Sec. for Social Service, Rev. A. E. Holt; Treas., H. M, Nelson.

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY, 287 Fourth Ave., New York City. Pres., Rev. J. Percival Huget; Gen. Sec., Rev. Ernest M. Halliday; Sec. of Church Bldg., Rev. Jas. Robt. Smith; Treas., Charles H. Baker.

Directory of Religious Bodies 75

CONGREGATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL EXTENSION SOCIETY, 287 Fourth Ave., New York City. Pres., Rev. J. Percival Huget; Gen. Sec., Rev. Ernest M. Halliday; Extension Sec., Rev, W. Knighton Bloom; Treas , Charles H. Baker.

CONGREGATIONAL BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF, 375 Lexington Ave., New York City. Pres., Rev. Henry A. Stimson; Sec., Rev. Charles S. Mills; Treas., B. H. Fancher.

ANNUITY FUND FOR CONGREGATIONAL MINISTERS, 375 Lexington Ave., New York City. Sec., Rev. Charles S. Mills; Treas., B. H. Fan- cher. Administers income of the $5,000,000 Pilgrim Memorial Fund.

WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS, 14 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Pres., Mrs. Franklin H. Warner; Foreign Sec., Miss Kate G. Lamson; Home Sec., Miss Helen B. Calder; Editorial Sec., Miss Alice M. Kyle; Treas., Mrs. Frank G. Cook. Organ: The Missionary Herald.

WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS OF THE INTERIOR, 19 S. La Salle St., Chicago, 111. Pres., Mrs. George M. Clark; Foreign Sec., Mrs. Lucius 0. Lee; Home Sec., Miss Mary D. Uline; Editorial Sec., Miss Dorothy R. Swift; Treas., Mrs. S. E. Hurlbut. Organ: The Missionary Herald.

WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS FOR THE PACIFIC, 760 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. Pres., Mrs. R. C. Kirkwood; Home Sec., Mrs. Helen Street Ranney; Foreign Sec, Mrs. E. R. Wagner; Editorial Sec., Miss Elizabeth S. Benton; Treas., Mrs. W. W. Ferrier. Organ: The Missionary Herald.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY FEDERATION. Pres., Mrs. Mary N. Herring; Gen. Sec., Mrs. John J. Pearsall, 289 Fourth Ave., New York City; Treas., Mrs. P. S. Suffern.

AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL ASSOCIATION, Library, Congrega- tional House, Boston, Mass. Pres., Rev. E. M. Noyes; Cor. and Eec. Sec., Thomas Todd, Jr.; Treas., Phineas Hubbard; Librarian, Rev. William H. Cobb.

CONGREGATIONAL BOARD OF PASTORAL SUPPLY, 14 Beacon St., Bos- ton, Mass. Chmn., Rev. Watson L. Phillips; Sec., Rev. Arthur J. Covell.

Colleges and Universities

Name Location Ptesideiit o) Dc<ni

American International College. ..Springfield, Mass C S. McGown.

Amherst College Amherst, Mass. Alexander Meiklejohn

Atlanta University . Atlanta, Ga Myi on W. Adams, Actg

Beloit College Beloit, Wis M. A Brannon.

Bowdom College . .. Brunswick, Me Kenneth Sills.

Carleton College Colorado College Dartmouth College Doane College . . . Drury College

. Nortkfield, Minn. . .D. J. Cowling. . Colorado Springs, Colo. .C. A. Duniway.

. Hanover, N. H Ernest M, Hopkins.

.Crete, Neb J. N. Bennett.

.Springfield, Mo. . . .T. W. Nadal.

Fairmount College .. .. ...Wichita, Kans. .. . .John D. Fmlayson

Fargo College Fargo, N. D R A Beard, Acting

Fisk University Nashville, Tenn F. A. MacKenzie.

Grmnell College Grinnell, Iowa . .J. H. T. Mam.

Illinois College Jacksonville, 111. . . C. H. Rammelkamp.

Kingfisher College . .Kingfisher, Okla.

Knox College Galesburg, 111 . James L. McConaughy

Marietta College Marietta, Ohio . . . E. S. Parsons.

Middlebury College Middlebury, Vt. . . .Paul D. Moody

Milwaukee-Downer College Milwaukee, W*s Lucia R. Bnags

Mount Holyoke College ... . South Hadley, Mass . Mary E. Woolley. Northland College .. . . .Ashland, Wis J. D Brownell.

Oberlm College ... ... . Oberlm, Ohio ....

Olivet College Olivet, Mich, .

Pacific University Forest Grove, Ore.

Piedmont College Demorest, Ga

..H. C. King. ..Paul F Voelker. .Robert P. Clark. ..F E. Jenkins

Pomona College . Claremont, Calif. J. A. Blaisdell.

Redfield College Redfield, S. D . ..O J Tiede

Ripon College . . Ripon, Wis . Silas Evans

Rollins College . . . . . Winter Park, Fla . . . .R. J. Sr>rague, Acting

Smith College . . Northampton, Mass, . .W. A. Neilson

Year Book of the Churches

Name Location

Straight University New Orleans, La.

Tabor College Talladega College Tillotson College . Tougaloo College Wa-shburn College Wellesley College Wheaton College . Whitman, College Williams College . Yale College . Yankton College .

. . Tabor, Iowa ..Talledega, Ala. . . Austin, Tex, . , Tougaloo, Miss. . , Topeka, Kans , . WellevSley, Mass, . ..Wheaton, 111 . . Walla Walla, Wash. . . Wilhamstown, Mass. . . New Haven, Conn. , , Yankton, S. D, .

Ptesirtevt ot Duni

..J. P O'Bnen,

..S. E. Lvncl ,,F A Sumner. ..P. W Fletchei

.W. T. Holmes. ..Parley P. Womer. Ellen F Pendleton, . C. A. Blanchard.

.S B. L Penrose. ..H, A. Garfield A. T Hadley

.H. K. Warren

.W. L. Speiry . F R. Shipniftn .W. J. Moulton.

0 S. Davis. .W. D Mackenzie.

Henry Churchill King. ,H. F. Swutz

F. A. Sumner. *J A Jenkins Charles R Brown.

Theological Seminaries

Andover Theological Seminary . . . Cambridge, Mass. . . . Atlanta Theological Seminary . Atlanta, Ga ... . Bangor Theological Seminary . Bangor, Me Chicago Theological Seminary ...Chicago, 111. Hartford Theological Seminary . . Hartford, Conn . . Qberlm Theological Seminary Oberlm, Ohio Pacific Theological Seminary . Berkeley, Calif. Talladega College Theological De- partment Talladega, Ala, . .

Union Theological Semman Chicago 111

Yale School of Religion ... . New Haven, Conn. .

Periodicals

Congregationalist (weekly) , Boston, Mass., Editor, Rev. W. E. Gilroy; Missionary Herald, Editor, Rev. E. F. Bell, 14 Beacon St., Boston Mass.; Pacific, San Francisco, Calif.; American Missionary, 287 Fourth Ave., New York City.

History

The Reformation in England developed along three lines : Angli- canism, Puritanism, and Separatism. The Anglicans held to the old English Church, minus the papacy and the distinctively papal fea- tures. The Puritans held to the National Church, but called for a world reformation recognizing the right of the members to a voice in the selection of ministers, in the management of the local church and the adoption of creed. The Separatists held that the whole sys- tem of the Establishment was an anti-Christian imitation of the true church and could not be reformed and that the only thing to do was to withdraw. Naturally the Separatists suffered even greater perse- cution than the Puritans, especially after the passage of the Act of Uniformity m 1559. The movement, however, could not be sup- pressed and under John Robinson began the development of the Sep- aratists into Congregationahsts in 1604. Robinson and a number of friends and followers went into exile, first to Amsterdam and then to Leyden. After a few years they decided to move to America. The first band of Pilgrim Separatists, 102 persons under the leadership of Brewster, Bradford, and Winslow, landed at Plymouth, Massa- chusetts, in 1620 and founded there the first Congregational Church upon American soil, Robinson remaining in Leyden. They were fol- lowed after a few years by the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay. So long as they were in England the differences between the Puritans and Separatists were accentuated, but after their arrival in America the many points on which they agreed became more apparent, and the essential elements of both Separatism and Puritanism were combined into Congregationalism. By 1640 all but two of the churches in New England were Congregational, and Congregationalism became prac- tically the State church. The withdrawal of the Massachusetts char- ter in 1684, replaced Congregationalism by Episcopacy, but a new charter in 1691 restored the former condition to a considerable degree. With the organization later of other denominations Congregationalism gradually ceased to be the State religion.

Directory of Religious Bodies 77

Doctrine

The principle of autonomy in the Congregational churches in- volves the right of each church to frame its own statement of doc- trinal belief, a right which has always been asserted by all. The equally important principle of fellowship of the churches assumes that a general consensus of such beliefs is both possible and essential to mutual cooperation in such work as may belong to the churches as a body. As a result, while there is no authoritative Congregational creed, acceptance of which is a condition of ecclesiastical fellowship, there have been several statements of this consensus, culminating in a creedal statement which, while it has no formal ecclesiastical endorse- ment, is widely accepted as a fair statement of the doctrinal position of the Congregational churches. The first of these statements, called the "Cambridge Platform," drawn up by a synod summoned by the Massachusetts legislature, 1648, simply registered general approval of the Westminster Confession. Certain phraseology in that confes- sion, however, proved unacceptable to many churches, and the Massa- chusetts revision, in 1680, of the Savoy Confession, and the Saybrook Platform of 1708, embodied the most necessary modifications, but still approved the general doctrinal features of the Westminster Confes- sion. The First National Council in 1865 adopted the "Burial Hill Declaration," expressing "our adherence to the faith and order of the apostolic and primitive churches held by our fathers, and substan- tially as embodied in the confessions and platforms which our synods of 1648 and 1680 set forth or reaffirmed." At the same time it held forth the right hand of fellowship to all believers "on the basis of those great fundamental truths in which all Christians should agree." In the changing conditions this was not entirely satisfactory, and in 1880 the national council appointed a commission to prepare "a for- mula that shall not be mainly a reaffirmation of former confessions, but that shall state in precise terms in our living tongue the doc- trines that we hold today."

The commission, composed of 25 representative men, finished its work in 1883. The statement, or creed, was not presented as a report to the council, but was issued to the world "to carry such weight of authority as the character of the commission and the intrinsic merit of its exposition of truth might command." While there has been no official adoption of this creed by any general body, either the national council or the state associations, as binding upon the churches, it has furnished the doctrinal basis for a great many of the churches, and in the main has represented their general belief.

Thirty years later in revising the constitution of the National Council a "Statement of Faith" was embodied in that instrument, which does not thereby become binding on the churches but which has been accepted by many of them as their creed, either with or without modification. After affirming "the steadfast allegiance of the churches composing the Council to the faith which our fathers confessed, which from age to age has found its expression in the historic creeds of the Church Universal and of this communion" there follows a brief statement of the fundamental evangelical doctrines, and the document concludes, "Depending as did our fathers upon the continued guidance of the Holy Spirit to lead us into all truth, we work and pray for the transformation of the world into the king- dom of God; and we look with faith for the triumph of righteousness and the life everlasting."

Polity

The polity of the Congregational churches represents adaptation to conditions rather than accord to a theory of church government. The local church is the unit, and every church member, regardless lof

78 Year Book of the Churches

age, sex, or position, has an equal voice in its conduct, and is equally subject to its control. For orderly worship and effective administra- tion certain persons are set apart or ordained to particular services, but such ordination or appointment carries with it no ecclesiastical authority. The church officers are the pastor, a board of deacons, usually a board of trustees, and heads of various departments of church work. In raost cases there is a church committee which con- siders various topics relating to the conduct of the church, meets •persons desiring to unite with it, and presents these matters in defi- nite form of action by the church as a whole. Early in Congrega- tional history there was. a distinction between elders and deacons cor- responding very closely to that in the Presbyterian Church. That dis- tinction has disappeared, and the offices of elders, or spiritual guides, and of deacons, or persons having charge of the temporalities of the church, have been united in the diaconate.

For fellowship and mutual assistance the churches gather in local associations or conferences, and in state conferences, in which each church is represented by pastor and lay delegates. Membership in the national council includes ministerial and lay delegates elected by the state conferences, and also delegates from the local associa- tions. Membership in an association is generally regarded as essen- tial ^ to good and regular standing m the denomination. No asso- ciation of conference, or national council, however, has any ec- clesiastical authority. That is vested solely in the council called by the local church for a specific case, whose existence terminates with the accomplishment of its immediate purpose. The result is that there is no appeal from one court to another, although an ag- grieved party may call a new council, which, however, has no more authority than its predecessor

Since the reorganization of the National Council in 1913 there has been a large degree of administrative unity provided through making each member of the National Council a voting member of each of the missionary societies so that organizations which grew up as close corporations with the hearty cooperation of the churches are now^ officially controlled by the churches associated togethei in the National Council.

The Lord's Supper is free to all followers of Christ. Infant baptism is customary, and the form is optional, although sprinkling is the form commonly used.

DISCIPLES OF CHRIST

International Convention, meets annually in October. There are also annual conventions in most of the states. Officers : Pr es , Rev. T. "W. Grafton, Indianapolis, Ind. ; Sec , Rev. Robert Graham Frank, Dallas, Tex.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. J. H. Atkinson, Fulton, Mo., Rev. J. T. Boone, Jacksonville, Fla., Rev. W. N. Brmey, Louisville, Ky., Rev E. W. Cole, Huntington, Ind., Rev. H. H. Harmon, Lincoln, Nebr , Rev. Claude E. Hill, Chattanooga, Tenn., Rev. C. G. Kindred, 6625 Stewart Ave., Chicago, 111., Mrs. H. B. McCormick, Detroit, Mich., Wi. J. McGill, Shelbyville, Tenn., Mrs. C. S. Medbury, Des Momes, Iowa, C. M. Rodefer, Belle Aire, Ohio, Miss Lucile D. Smith, Wichita, Kans., Miss Mary A. Stewart, Cape Girardeau, Mo., S. H. Thompson, St. Louis, Mo., Mrs. F. M. Wright, St. Louis, Mo.

UNITED CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Continuing the work of the American Christian Missionary Society, Board of Church Exten- sion, Board of Ministerial Relief, Christian Woman's Board of Mis- sitns, Foreign Christian Missionary Society and the National Benevo-

Directory of Religious Bodies 79

lent Association. Headquarters, 1501 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mis- souri. Officers: Pres., Rev. F. W. Burnham; Vice-Pres., Mrs. Anna E. Atwater; Vice-Pres., Rev. Stephen J. Corey; Recorder, Lela E. Taylor; Treas., C. W. Plopper. Administrative Division: Rev. Grant K. Lewis, Mrs. Effie L. Cunningham, W. F. Turner, Mrs. Anna At- water (Advisory), G. W. Muckley (Advisory), F. E. Smith (Ad- visory), Jesse M. Bader, Supt. of Evangelism.

BOARD OP EDUCATION, Indianapolis, Ind. Pres., A. D. Harmon, 222 Downey Ave., Lexington, Ky.; Sec., H. O. Pritchard, Indianapolis, Ind.

ASSOCIATION FOR PROMOTION OP CHRISTIAN UNITY, Seminary House, Baltimore, Md. Pres., Rev. Peter Ainslie; Sec., Rev. H. C. Armstrong, 504 N. Fulton Ave., Baltimore, Md.

BOARD OF TEMPERANCE AND SOCIAL WELFARE, 821 Occidental Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind. Pres., Edward Jackson; Sec., Alva W. Taylor; Sec., Milo J. Smith.

MEN AND MILLIONS MOVEMENT, 1501 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo.; Sec., Henry G. Bowden; Treas., Miss Helen Mohorter.

CHRISTIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION, St. Louis, Mo. Gen. Mgr., William P. Shelton.

Colleges, Universities and Schools

President, Dean or

Name Location Principal

Atlantic Christian College Wilson, N. C. H. S. Hilley.

Bethany College . ... Bethany, W. Va.

The Bible College of Missouri . . . Columbia, Mo. Butler College . Indianapolis, Ind

California School of Christianity .Los Angeles, Calif. Cari-Burdette College Sherman, Texas . .

Christian College . . Columbia, Mo.

College of Missions . Indianapolis, Ind. .

,Cloyd Goodnight. Granville D. Edwards. Robert J. Aley. , Arthur Broden . Cephus Shelburne. .Edgar D Lee .Charles T. Paul. .Chailes E Cobbey

Cotner College . ... .Bethany, Neb. _

Culver-Stockton College ... . Canton, Mo . John H Wood. Disciples' Divinity House of the

University of Chicago Chicago, 111. . . W. E Garrison.

Drake University . . . Des Momes, Iowa

Drury School of the Bible . .Springfield, Mo. . . Carl B Swift.

Eureka College Eureka, 111. . L O. Lehman.

Hiram College . . . Hiram, Ohio . Miner Lee Bates.

Illinois Disciple Foundaion Champaign, 111 Stephen E Fisher. - Indiana School of Religion Bloomington, Ind. . ., Jos. C. Todd

Lynchburg College Lynchburg, Va. J. J. T Hundley.

Missouri Christian College ... .Camden Point, Mo. . ..I. O Foss

Phillips University East Enid, Okla. I. N. McCash.

Southern Christian College .West Point, Miss

Spokane University Spokane, Wash A. M. Meldrum.

Texas Christian University . Fort Worth, Texas . .EM. Waits

Tiansylvama and College of the 1

Bible . . Lexington, Ky. .A. D. Harmon

William Woods College . .Fulton, Mo R H. Crossfield

Periodicals

Alabama Christian, Editor, 0. P. Spiegel, Montgomery, Ala ; Arkansas Christian, Editor, John S. Zeran, Little Rock, Ark ; The Christian Messenger, Editor, George W. Brewster, Jr., San Fran- cisco, Calif.; Christian Messenger, Auburn, Ga.; The Christian Cen- tury, Editor, Charles C. Morrison, Chicago, 111.; Mission Leaves, Editor, Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, Chicago, 111.; Indiana Woman's Christ- ian, Editor, Mrs. 0. H. Greist, Winchester, Ind. ; The Indiana Worker, Editor, C. W. Cauble, Indianapolis, Ind.; Northwester, Editor, Roy K. Roadruck, Spokane, Wash.; The Iowa Tidings, Editor, Miss An- nette Newcomer, Des Moines, Iowa; The Christian News, Editor, W. M. Baker, Des Moines, Iowa; The Kansas Messenger, Editor, John

D. Zimmerman, Topeka, Kans.; The Missionary Counsel, Editor, Alma

E. Moore, Topeka, Kans.; The Weekly Bulletin, Editor, N. K. Mc- Gowan, Louisville, Ky.; The Kentucky Quarterly, Editor, Mrs. W. R.

80 Year Book of the Churches

Humphrey, Lexington, Ky.; The Louisiana Christian, Editor, Melvin Menges, Jennings, La,; The Christian Union Quarterly, Editor, Peter Amslie, Baltimore, Md.; The Christian Banner, Editor, J. Frank Green, Owosso, Mich.; Northern Christian, Editor, M. M. Moses, Minneapolis, Minn.; Gospel Plea, Editor, J. B. Lehman, Edwards, Miss.; Southern Christian Courier. Editor, D. H. Starns, Jackson, Miss.; King's Builders, Editor, Nora E. Darnall, St. Louis, Mo.; Missouri Movement Bulletin, Editor, W. D. Endres, Kansas City, Mo.; Our Task, Editor, J. H. Stidham, Vandalia, Mo,; The Missionary Advance, Editor, Mrs. Laura M. White, Kansas City, Mo.; The Christian Evangelist, Editor, B. A. Abbott, St. Louis, Mo.; The Front Rank, Editor, Roy K. Roadruck, St. Louis, Mo.; World Call, Editor, W. R. Warren, St. Louis, Mo.; The Christian Worker, Editor, A. L Chapman, Bozeman, Mont.; The Christian Reporter, Editor, R. P. Smith, Bethany, Nebr.; The Nebraska Tidings, Editor, Cora E. Hemry, Lincoln, Nebr,; Our Messenger, Editor, Frank A. Higgms, Albany, N. Y. ; North Carolina Christian, Editor, C. C. Ware, Wilson, N C.; The Watch Tower, Editor, W. H. Mizelle, Robersonville, N. C.; The Christian Standard, Editor, George P. Rutledge, Cincinnati, 0 ; The Lookout, Editor, J. DeForest Murch, Cincinnati, 0.; The Ohio Counsellor, Editor, Miss Mary E. Lyons, Cleveland, 0.; The Ohio Work, Editor, I. J. Cahill, Cleveland, 0.; The Christian Leader, Editor, F. L. Rowe, Cincinnati, 0.; The State Serwce, Editor, D. Y. Donaldson, Enid, Okla.;T/ie Christian Journal, Editor, Harry Benton, Eugene, Ore.; South Carolina Christian, Editor, D. S. MacDonald, Sumter, S. C.; The Tennessee Christian, Editor, S. R. Hawkins, Nash- ville, Tenn.; The Christian Courier, Editor, W. M. Williams, Dallas, Tex.; The Chesapeake Christian, Editor, G. Hubert Steed, Richmond, Va.; The West Virginia Worker, Editor, John Ray Clark, West Union, W. Va.; The All Canada Christian, Editor, Reuben Butchart, Toronto, Canada; The Christian, Editor, W. H. Harding, Milton, Queen County, Nova Scotia; The Christian Messenger, Editor, J. P. McLeod, Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada; Tokyo Christian, Editor, W. D. Cunningham, Tokyo, Japan.

History

The Churches of Christ (Disciples) trace their origin to the re- vival movement in the early part of the nineteenth century, when a number of leaders arose who pleaded for Christian Union and the Bible alone, without human addition in the form of creeds and for- mulas. They emphasized particularly the independence of the local church, without reference to any ecclesiastical system. They sought to restore the union of the churches through a "return, in doctrine, ordinance, and life, to the religion definitely outlined in the New Testament."

In 1807 the Rev, Thomas Campbell, a member of the Secession branch of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, came to the United States, was received cordially, and found employment in western Pennsylvania. Mr. Campbell was censured by his presbytery on ac- count of informalities in his proceedings and finally it became evident that his views were widely different from those of his presbytery. He formally withdrew. In 1809 he was joined by his son Alexander Campbell and they formed an organization called "Christian Asso- ciation of Washington, Pennsylvania," issuing an address that became historic. Its main purpose as expressed was to set forth the essen- tial unity of the Church of Christ. The Campbells did not appear to have desired to develop their association into a distinct denomina- tion. Overtures were made for joining with the Presbyterian Synod of Pittsburg. This, however, could not be adjusted. The same diffi- culty was found in relation to Baptist Associations. An organization

Directory of Religious Bodies 81

was made with a part of other forces under Barton W. Stone at Lex- ington, Kentucky, in 1832. When the question arose as to the name to be adopted, Mr. Stone favored Christians, while Mr. Campbell and his friends preferred the name Disciples. The result was that no definite action was taken and both names were used, resulting still in some confusion. The international Convention has, however, adopted the name "Disciples of Christ." The growth of the new organization has been very rapid, especially in the Middle West. Throughout Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri it gathered numerous congrega- tions, though there was evident a strong objection to any such asso- ciation, even for fellowship, as would appear to involve ecclesiastical organization. This manifested itself in various ways, especially in opposition to the use of societies for carrying on missionary work. The use of instrumental music in the churches also occasioned dis- satisfaction.

During the Civil War the movement suffered from the general disorganization of the sections in which it had gained in strength, and the death of Alexander Campbell in 1866 was a severe blow. From the effect of these discouragements, however, it soon recovered, and the period since the war has been one of rapid expansion. (It appears that dating from the same origin there has come to be two parties, one known as "Progressives/* the other as "Conservatives." The "Progressives" are those set forth here, "Disciples of Christ," while the "Conservatives" are included under the head of the "Churches of Christ." The line* of demarcation between the two bodies, however, is not always clear.

Doctrine

In addition to beliefs, in which they are in general accord with other Protestant churches, the Disciples hold certain positions which they regard as distinctive:

1. Feeling that "to believe and to do none other things than those enjoined by our Lord and His Apostles must be infallibly safe," they aim "to restore in faith and spirit and practice the Christianity *of Christ and His Apostles as found in the pages of the New Testa- ment."

2. Affirming that "the sacred Scriptures as given of God answer all purposes of a rule of faith and practice, and a law for the gov- ernment of the church, and that human creeds and confessions of faith spring out of controversy and, instead of being bonds of union, tend to division and strife," they reject all such creeds and con- fessions.

3. They place especial emphasis upon "the Divine Sonship of Jesus," as the fundamental fact of Holy Scripture, the essential creed of Christianity, and one article of faith in order to baptism and church membership."

4. Believing that in the Scriptures "a clear distinction is made between the law and the gospel," they "do not regard the Old and New Testament as of equally binding authority upon Christians," but that "the New Testament is as perfect a constitution for the worship, government, and discipline of the New Testament church as the Old was for the Old Testament church."

5. While claiming for themselves the New Testament names of "Christians," or "Disciples," "they do not deny that others are Chris- tians or that other churches are Churches of Christ."

6. Accepting the divine personality of the Holy Spirit, through whose agency regeneration is begun, they hold that man "must hear, believe, repent, and obey the gospel to be saved."

7. Repudiating any doctrine of "baptismal regeneration," and in- sisting that there is no other prerequisite to regeneration than con- fession of faith with the whole heart in the personal living Christ,

82 Year Book of the Churches

they regard baptism by immersion "as one of the items of the original Divine system," and as "commanded in order to the remission of sins."

8. Following the apostolic model, the Disciples celebrate the Lord's Supper on each Lord's Day "not as a sacrament, but as a memorial feast," from which no sincere follower of Christ of whatever creed or church connection is excluded.

9. The Lord's Day with the Disciples is not the Sabbath, but a New Testament Institution, consecrated by apostolic example.

10. The Church of Christ is a divine institution; sects are un- scriptural and unapostolic, and the sect name, spirit, and life should £ive place to the union and cooperation that distinguish the church of the New Testament.

Polity

In polity the Disciples churches are congregational. The officers of the church are the pastor, elders, and deacons. The elders have special care of the spiritual interests of the congregation, and the deacons of its financial affairs and benevolences, although this dis- tinction between elders and deacons is not always observed. Appli- cants for the ministry are ordained by authority of the local church. The minister is a member of the church where he is located, whether as pastor or as evangelist, and is amenable to its discipline.

There is an "International Convention of Disciples of Christ," composed of individual members of the churches. The convention as such has no authority over the action of the churches, which are at liberty to accept or reject its recommendations.

In accordance with the principles that have been emphasized in their history, the Disciples of Christ, individually, in their local church organization, in their organized societies, and in their denomi- national relations, have constantly sought to overcome denominational distinction, and to secure the unity of the church in its broadest sense.

EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCHES

History

The Eastern Orthodox Churches, known historically as the "Eastern Church," and in modern times as the "Greek Orthodox Church," the "Eastern Catholic Church," the "Holy Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Eastern Church," and popularly as the "Greek Church," are the modern representatives of the Church of the Byzantine Empire. As a distinction between the Eastern and Western Roman Empires developed, there also grew up a distinction between the Eastern and Western Churches, appearing both in their ritual and in their doc- trinal position. Toward the ninth century this became still more evi- dent, and culminated in 1054 in complete separation between the patriarch or bishop of Rome and the four Eastern patriarchs. The Eastern Church at that time included four ecclesiastical divisions, the Patriarchates of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria, coordinate in authority, though honorary precedence was accorded to the patriarch of Constantinople.

With the development of different nationalities and metropolitan sees there has been the establishment of independent organizations bearing national names.

These different organizations, although independent of each other ecclesiastically, agree in doctrine and, essentially, in form of worship, and together constitute what are called the "Eastern Orthodox Churches."

Of these churches, seven are represented in the United States by regular church organizations. These are the Russian Orthodox,

Directory of Religious Bodies 83

the Greek Orthodox (Hellenic), the Serbian Orthodox, the Syrian Or- thodox, the Albanian Orthodox, the Bulgarian Orthodox, and the Ru- manian Orthodox. Only one of these, the Russian Orthodox Church, has a general ecclesiastical organization. The Greek Orthodox (Hel- lenic) churches are looking forward to such an organization, but it is not as yet completed, and the situation in regard to the Bulgarian Orthodox churches is essentially the same. The Serbian, Syrian, Al- banian, and Rumanian Orthodox churches are under the general su- pervision of the Russian Orthodox Church, although reported sep- arately.

Doctrine

The Eastern Orthodox Churches found their doctrine on the Holy Scriptures, the Holy Traditions, and the Niceo-Constantinopohtan Creed in its original wording, without the "Filioque" and hold that the Holy Scriptures should be interpreted strictly in accordance with the teachings of the seven Ecumenical Councils and the Holy Fathers. Recognizing Christ as the only head of the earthly as well as of the heavenly church, they do not accept the dogma of the Pope as visible head of His earthly church. According to their teaching, infallibility belongs alone to the whole assembly of true believers, to the "Ec- clesia" or the Church, represented by their council legally called to- gether.

They believe in the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father alone; honor Mary as the Mother of God, and honor the Nine Orders of Angels and the Saints ; do not accept the doctrine of the Immacu- late Conception of the Virgin Mary, and reject the doctrine of the surplus merits of saints and the doctrine of indulgences. They respect relics of the saints, pictures of holy subjects, and the cross, but forbid the use of carved images. They accept seven sacraments — baptism, anointing (confirmation or chrismation) , communion, penance, holy orders, marriage, and holy unction. Baptism, of infants or adults, is by threefold immersion. The sacrament of anointing is administered at the same time as that of baptism, with "Chrism" or holy oil.

The doctrine of transubstantiation is accepted. In the Eucharist, leavened bread is used, being soaked in wine and offered, after con- fession and absolution, to all members of the Eastern Orthodox Churches. Children under 7 years of age, however, receive the sac- rament without confession. Holy unction is administered to the sick, and not alone to those in danger of death. The^ church rejects the doctrine of purgatory, but believes in the beneficial effect of prayer for the dead by the living, and for the living by the dead. It rejects the doctrine of predestination, and considers that for justification both faith and works are necessary.

There are three orders of the ministry — deacons, priests, and bishops. The deacons assist in the work of the parish and in the serv- ice of the sacraments. Priests and deacons are of two orders, secular and monastic. Marriage is allowed to candidates for the diaconate and the priesthood, but is forbidden after ordination. The espisco- pate is, as a rule, confined to members of the monastic order. A married priest, should his wife die or enter a convent, may enter a monastery and take monastic vows, and then be eligible to the episco- pate. The parishes are, as a rule, in the care of the secular priests,

Monks are gathered in monasteries; in some of these they live in communities, while in others they lead a secluded, hermitical life, each in his own cell. There is but one order, and the vows for all are the same, obedience, chastity, prayer, fasting, and poverty,

The organization for the general government of the different Eastern Orthodox Churches varies in different countries. In general,

84 Year Book of the Churches

there is a council at the head of which, as president, is a bishop elected usually by the people. Historically, and at present in some cases, this presiding- bishop is called patriarch, and has special col- legiates and officers for the purpose of governing his flock. The largest or most important of the bishoprics connected with the patri- archate or synod are called "metropolitan sees," though the title carries with it no special ecclesiastical authority. In early times, both the clergy and the laity of the local churches had a voice in the elec- tion of bishops, priests, and deacons, but of late that right has been much restricted, and at present the priests and deacons are usually appointed by the bishops, and the bishops are subject to the approval of the civil authorities.

The service of the Eastern Orthodox Churches is solemn and elaborate. It is essentially that of the earlier centuries of Christi- anity, and is most fully and completely observed in the monasteries. The most important service is the liturgy, the chief part of which is the celebration of the Eucharist. There are three liturgies, those of St. John Chrysostom, St. Basil the Great, and St. Gregory, the last called the liturgy of the "presanctified gifts/' for which the holy erifts or emblems are prepared at a preceding service, generally that of St. Basil. There are no so-called "silent liturgies," and two htur- eries are not allowed to be performed in the same church simulta- neously, nor can a liturgy be performed by the same priest, or on the same table, twice a day. A "corporal," otherwise known as "anti- mins," a table cover with a particle of the holy remains of some saint sewn into it, and especially blessed by a bishop for every church, is necessary to the performance of the liturgy. Moreover, a priest may nerform it only when he is fasting-. Besides the liturgy, the church has vespers, vigils, matins, hours, and special prayers for various occasions and needs. The several services named consist of reading from the Old and New Testaments, supplicatory prayers, thanks- giving, glorifying, hymns, etc.

ALBANIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

Address Eev. Peter I. Popoff, 15 B. 97th St., New York City.

History

The churches of this communion represent in America what is held to be the oldest existing race in Europe, the descendants of the Macedonians, Illyrians, and Epirotes, who were the offspring of the Pelasgians. The varied invasions by Romans, Goths, Huns, Serbs, Bulgars, Normans, and Turks have made little change in social cus- toms, language, or traditions, and the present day Albanians repre- sent their early ancestors more exactly, probably, than does any nation in Europe,

The early religion of the Albanians had many features older even than the earliest traces of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Christi- anity reached them in the first century, but made little progress until the fourth.

Albanian emigration to America is of recent origin, but it is estimated that there are about 100,000 in the United States who have come from Albania, aside from those of Albanian origin who have come from the settlements in Greece and Italy.

BULGARIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

Address Eev. N Pavloff, 226 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, Ind.

Directory of Religious Bodies 85

History

Prior to the Macedonian insurrection of 1903 there was very- little Bulgarian immigration to the United States. Those who did come, however, sent back such attractive stories of the situation and the opportunities in this country that, when the conditions in Mace- donia became intolerable, large numbers from that section found homes in the United States. These in turn were followed by consid- erable immigration from Bulgaria and Eastern Roumelia. No figures are available, as the immigration report gives all these as coming from European Turkey, but it has been claimed that as many as 20,000 a year came over, until the total exceeded 100,000. For some time there was very little done for their spiritual or ecclesiastical care, but a few churches have been organized, with priests from Bul- garia belonging to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.

GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH

(Hellenic Eastern Christian Orthodox Church)

Bishop: Most Eeverend Archbishop Alexander, of North and South America, 140 E. 72d St , New York City.

Theological Seminary

Greek Seminary of Saint Atlianasius, 273 Elm St , Astoria L I ? Rev. Philaretos Johannides, Dean.

Periodical

Church Herald, 273 Elm St., Astoria, L. L, Editor, Michael Galanos.

History

Since the census of 1890 the number of Greeks immigrating to the United States has increased greatly. Some have come from Greece, some from the Greek islands of the Aegean, and others from Constantinople, Smyrna, and other parts of Asia Minor. They have been largely unmarried men, or, if married, they have left their fam- ilies behind them and have scattered over the country, those from the same section usually keeping together. As they have become to a certain extent permanent residents, and especially as they have been ioined by their families, they have felt the need of religious services, particularly in case of marriage, or sickness and death. Accordingly, application has been made by the communities to the ecclesiastical au- thorities of their own sections, and priests have been sent to this country, sometimes by the Holy Synod of Greece and sometimes by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. These priests have formed churches in the larger centers and also congregations in places within easy reach, which they visit more or less regularly as convenient.

The Greek Orthodox Churches in America recognize the spiritual jurisdiction and supervision of the Oecumenical Patriarchate in Con- stantinople, while practically independent in matters of administra- tion.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine the Greek churches are in entire accord with other Eastern Orthodox Churches. Their polity and worship, however, while in principle the same, vary somewhat in form to meet the pecu- liar needs. With a more complete organization these divergencies will either disappear or be definitely established.

86 Year Book of the Churches

ROUMANIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

Archimandrite, Rev. Prof. Lazar Gherman, 206 B. 18th St., New York City.

History

The great majority of the people of Roumania belong to the Rou- manian Orthodox Church, in communion with the Greek, Russian, Serbian, and other Eastern Orthodox Churches. Until the compara- tively recent political disturbances there was very little immigration to this country from that section of the Balkan Peninsula, but of late a number of communities have been gathered into churches under the general supervision of the Russian Orthodox Church, through its headquarters in New York City.

RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

North. American Ecclesiastical Consistory. Sec., Rev. Peter A. Kiikulevsky, 15 E. 97th St , New York City.

Six districts, including 1 in Canada and 1 in Alaska.

Bishop: Most Rev. Archbishop Alexander, 140 E. 72d St., New York City; Rt. Rev. Bishop Stephen, 231 E. 17th St., New York City.

Theological Seminary : Tenafly, N. J.

History

Russia first came into definite relations with Christianity on the visit of Princess Olga to Constantinople, where she was baptized about A. D. 957. Subsequently her grandson, Vladimir the Great, sent emissaries to the different churches, Eastern and Western, to learn of their doctrines and rituals, with a view of adopting those which they liked best. The emissaries returned and reported in favor of the Greek Church, whose ceremonial in the Cathedral of St. Sophia at Constantinople seemed to them to excel all others. Thereupon Vladi- mir was baptized, and the Greek Church became the Church of State.

From the time of the Holy Council in Moscow, 1917-18, the Rus- sian Church is governed again by the Patriarch (Tikhon) as the head, assisted by the Sacred Synod and Supreme Church Council. The jurisdiction of the Russian church is expanding in proportion to the expansion of the Russian state. As fast as new territories are added to the state the church sends missionaries, builds schools and temples, spreads religious books, etc. The orthodox Christians in the eastern part of Europe, in Siberia, in Caucasus, and in middle Asia all belong to the Russian church.

The Russian Church has undertaken foreign missionary enter- prise. It has developed quite a mission in Japan, but its great work has been the care of the churches in America. This was first through missionary work in Alaska, and the final transfer, in 1872, of the headquarters of such work from Sitka to San Francisco.

With the more recent development of immigration, large num- bers have come from Austria-Hungary, especially from Galicia and Poland, who belong to what are known as the Uniat churches. When those sections, once a part of Russian territory, came under the con- trol of Poland, and later of Austria-Hungary, and thus under the general influence of the Roman Catholic Church, an arrangement was effected, called the Unia, by which those recognizing the supremacy of the Pope, were permitted to retain most of their liturgy and have their own special bishops. These provisions, however, did not hold

Directory of Religious Bodies 87

outside of Austria-Hungary, and on coming to America the mem- bers of these churches found themselves compelled to use the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church and be under the jurisdiction of local bishops, who, in general, either knew nothing about the Unia or did not take it into account.

In seeking relief from this position, one of the Uniat parishes in Minneapolis became aware of the existence in the United States of a see of the Russian Orthodox Church, and in 1891, under the lead- ership of the Rev. Alexis G. Toth, petitioned the Russian Bishop Vladimir to take them all under his jurisdiction within the pale of the Russian Church. Bishop Vladimir willingly complied with the request and, during the time of Bishop Nicholas, who succeeded him, the example of the parish in Minneapolis was followed by a number of Uniat parishes.

About the same time the immigration from Russia proper in- creased, and soon purely Russian parishes were formed in New York and Chicago, although in the former city there was an Orthodox Rus- sian church in existence as far back as 1876. In 1905 the episcopal see was transferred from San Francisco to Ne^ York City*

Doctrine and Polity

The general doctrine and polity of the Russian Orthodox Church have already been fully stated.

SEEBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

Archimandrite, Kt. Rev. Sebastian Dabovitch, 348 W. 20th St., New York City.

History 3

The churches of this body represent the immigration into the United States, not merely from Serbia proper, but from Macedonia and the Slavic communities of the Balkan Peninsula antecedent to the coming of the Bulgarians; and from the southern part of Aus- tria-Hungary. They use the Slavic liturgy in their services, and are under the general supervision of the archbishop of the Russian Ortho- dox Church in the United States. In doctrine and polity they are in harmony with the Russian Orthodox Church, and their history is in- cluded in that of the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Russian Orthodox Church.

SYRIAN HOLY ORTHODOX GREEK CATHOLIC MISSION IN NORTH AMERICA

Archbishop: Aftimios Ofeish; Archpriest: Basil M. Ker- bawy, Dean, 345 State St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

History

The Churches of this body arose from the immigration of Syrian people formerly connected with the Orthodox Patriarchates of Antioch or Jerusalem. They have priests and a Hierarchy of their own lan- guage and racial group but their Archbishop is a Coadjutor Vicar in the Russian Archdiocese and the whole body is a part of the Russian Orthodox Jurisdiction in North America. They differ from the Rus- sian and other branches of the Holy Eastern Orthodox-Catholic Church only in their ancestral language. Their history is included in that of the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Russian Church.

88 Year Book ofo the Churches

EVANGELICAL CHURCH (GENERAL CONFERENCE)

General Conference, quadrennial, next meeting', October, 1926.

Thirty-two annual conferences

BOARD OF BISHOPS, S. C. Breyfogel, 836 Centre Ave., Reading, Pa.; S. P. Spreng, 106 Columbia Ave., Naperville, 111.; *G Heinmil- ler; L. H. Seager, Naperville, 111.; M. T. Maze, Le Mars, Iowa; J. F Dunlap, Lewisburg, Pa. * Deceased

PUBLISHING HOUSES, 1903 Woodland Ave., Cleveland, Ohio ; Third and Reilly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Publishers, C. Hauser, Cleveland, Ohio; R. H. Stetler, Harrisburg, Pa.; Pres , Board of Publication, Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, Reading, Pa.; Sec, Rev. J. H. Shirey, 1336 North 56th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

PEEIODICALS AND EDITORS. The Evangelical Messenger, Editor, Rev. E. G. Frye, Cleveland, Ohio; Associate Editor, Rev. A. E. Han- gen, Cleveland, Ohio; Sunday School Literature, English Editor, Rev. W. E. Peffley, Harrfsburg, Pa., Associate Editor, Rev. G. L. Shaller, Harrisburg, Pa., German, Rev. C. Staebler, Cleveland, Ohio; Evan- gelical Endeavor ert Rev. H. C. Hallwachs, Cleveland, Ohio; ^Evan- gelisches Magazin, Rev. C. Staebler, Cleveland, Ohio; Der Christhche Botschafter, Editor, Rev. T. C. Meckel, Assistant Editor, Rev. G. Berstecber, Cleveland, Ohio; Baby's Mother, Editor, Mrs. W. E. Peffley, Lemoyne, Pa.; Evangelical Missionary World and Missionan/ Gem, Miss Emma Messenger, Harrisburg, Pa.; Der Evangelische Missionabote,, Editor, T. C. Meckel, Cleveland, Ohio.

BOARD OF MISSIONS. Pres., Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, Reading, Pa. ; First Vice-Pres., Bishop M. T. Maze, Harrisburg, Pa.; Second Vice- Pres., Bishop L. H Seager, Le Mars, Iowa; Third Vice-Pres., J. H Keagle, Highland ?ark, 111.; Executive Sec.-Treas. and Cor, Sec., G. E. Epp, Cleveland, Ohio; Exec. Sec. and Rec. Sec. and Asst. Treas., B. H. Niebel, Cleveland, Ohio; Field Sec., B. R. Wiener, Cleveland, Ohio.

BOARD OP CHURCH EXTENSION. Pres., Bishop M. T. Maze, Har- risburg, Pa ; Vice-Pres,, Bishop S. P. Spreng and Mr. W. C. Nuhn; Exec. Sec.-Treas., Rev. H. F. Schlegel, Harrisburg, Pa.

BOARD OF SUNDAY SCHOOL CONTROL. Pres., Rev. Chr. Staebler, Cleveland, Ohio; Vice-Pres., Rev W. E. Peffley, Harrisburg, Pa ; Treas., R. G. Munday, 108 North LaSalle St., Chicago, 111.; General Sec., Rev. E. W. Praetorius, Cleveland, Ohio.

BOARD OF CONTROL OF EVANGELICAL LEAGUE OF CHRISTIAN $N- DEAVOR. Pres., Rev. W. C. Hallwachs, Cleveland, Ohio; Vice-Pres , Rev. J. F. Cross, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Treas., Charles J. Theu<er; Gen. Sec., Rev. E. W. Praetorms, Cleveland, Ohio.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Bishop S. P. Spreng, Naperville, 111.; Sec., Dr. E. E. Rail, Naperville, 111 ; Rev. W, L. Bollman, Rev. H. H. Thoren, D. A. Goldspohn, A. L. Breithauph, George Garnet; (terms expire 1930) ; Rev. C. A. Hirschman, Rev. E. W. Praetorms, Rev. N. W. Saeger, H. E. Bohner, J. L. Pandel (terms expire in 1926) ; Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, Rev. W. F. Teel, Mr. E. E Rail, Rev. G. B. Kimmel, Rev. Charles Mock and Rev. L. L. Hunt.

BOARD OF FORWARD MOVEMENTS. Chair., F. W. Ramsey, Cleve- land, Ohio; Vice-Chair., W. B. Cox, Baltimore, Ohio, L. R. Herbst, Findlay, Ohio; Rec. Sec, J. W. Heininger, Cleveland, Ohio; Treas., Forward Movement, J. W. Hema, Cleveland, Ohio; Treas., Forward Campaign, E S. Hengst, York, Pa.; Exec. Sees., Rev. J. W. Hein- inger, 1903 Woodland Ave., S. E., Cleveland, Ohio; Rev. C. H. Stauf- facher, 368 Seventh Ave., West, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM. Chairman, Bishop S. P. Spreng, Naperville, 111. ; Vice-Chairmen, W. L. Bollman, Allentown, Pa., H. V. Summers, Louisville, R. Rv Ohio; Sec., Rev. J. W. Heininger, Cleve-

Directory of Religious Bodies 89

land, Ohio; Field Sees., J. W. Hemmger and C. H. Stauffacher, 368 Seventh Ave«, West, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF SUPERANNUATION FUND. Pres., E. F. Kimmel, Dayton, Ohio; Vice-Pres., J. C. Winter, Williamsport, Pa.; Gen. Sec., Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, Beading, Pa.; Sec.-Treas., Rev. J. R. Niergarth, Cleveland, Ohio; Solicitor, Rev. J. H. Shirey, 1336 North 56th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Pres., Rev. J. D. Shortess, Lewisburg, Pa.; Vice-Pres., L. M. Dice, Jersey Shore, Pa.; Sec., Rev. E. C. Basom, Williamsport, Pa.; Cor. Sec., Rev. A. D. Gramley, Williamsport, Pa.; Treas., Rev. A. E. Gobble, Myerstown, Pa.; Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, Reading, Pa.

COMMISSION ON FINANCE. Pres., Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, Read- ing, Pa.; Sec., Rev. A. F. Weaver, York, Pa.; Finance Sec.-Treas., Mr. Charles R. Rail, Pittsburgh, Pa.

WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS OF EVANGELICAL CHURCH. Pres., Mrs. E. M. Spreng, Cleveland, Ohio; Rec. Sec., Mrs. Emma F. Divan, Peotone, 111.; Cor. Sec., Mrs. W. L. Naumann, Akron, Ohio; Treas, Mrs. J. G. Finkbemer, Shannon, 111.; Sec., and Publisher of Literature, Miss Lillian C. Graeff, Harrisburg, Pa.; Editor of Literature, Miss Emma D. Messenger, Harrisburg, Pa.

Colleges

Name Location President Noi thwestern College Naperville, III E. E RalL Albright College Myeistown, Pa L. C Hunt Schuylkill Seminary, Junior Col- lege Reading, Pa. W F Teel Western Union College Le Mciis, Iowa Charles A Mock

Theological Seminaries

Evangelical Theological Seminary Naperville, 111. G B Kimmel

Evangelical School of Theology Reading, Pa S. C. Breyfogel.

Theological Seminary . . Reutlmgen, Geimany G Schempp. Aoyama Gakum In affiliation with the Methodist

Church .Tokyo, Japan

Oregon Bible Training School Corvallis, Oreg. C P. Gates.

History

Upon the instructions and advice of that godly minister of the Gospel, Jacob Albright, a number of persons in the State of Penn- sylvania, who had become deeply convinced of their sinful state, through his ministrations, and who earnestly groaned to be delivered from sin, united A. D. 1800, and agreed to pray with and for each other, that they might be saved from sin, and flee the wrath to come.

In order to accomplish this work properly, they agreed mutually to spend each Sunday in prayer and in the exercise of godliness; also to meet each Wednesday evening for prayer ; diligently endeavor- ing to avoid every thing evil and sinful, and to do all manner of good as God should give them strength and ability. The number of those disposed to attend these meetings soon increased, and grew daily.

Such was the origin of the Evangelical Association. And as Jacob Albright by the grace of God was the instrument of their solemn union and holy zeal in the exercise of godliness, they were at first frequently called "The Albrights." But in the year 1816, they form- ally adopted the name, The Evangelical Association, which is, there- fore, an ecclesiastical union of such persons as desire to have not merely the form of godliness, but strive to possess the substance and power thereof.

After almost a century of denominational life and activity, dif- ferences arose in the Church which in 1891 culminated in a division, a considerable number of ministers and members organizing them-

90 Year Book of the Churches

selves (in 1892) into a denomination under the name of the United Evangelical Church, continued their activities side by side, both en- deavoring to carry on the work of the Lord with zeal and devotion. Both Churches grew in numbers and in missionary enterprises.

At the end of the second decade of the separation the growing conviction, that the two Churches should be reunited, began to find articulate expression. The General Conference of the Evangelical Association of 1907 and that of the United Evangelical Church in 1910 took definite steps toward a reapproachment by the appointment of Commissions on Church Union and Federation. These Commis- sions after a series of meetings agreed upon a partial Basis of Union in 1918, which basis was unanimously ratified by the General Con- ference of the United Evangelical Church m 1918 and by the Gen- eral Conference of the Evangelical Association in 1919.

Commissions were again appointed which, m joint session in 1921, completed the Basis of Union. This Basis of Union was sub- mitted to the Annual Conferences of both denominations, receiving the required constitutional majority in both Churches. The General Conference of the United Evangelical Church meeting in regular quadrennial session m October, 1922, first in Barrmgton, 111., and then adjourning to Detroit, Mich., adopted the Basis of Union; the General Conference of the Evangelical Association met in special session at same time m Detroit, Mich., and also adopted the Basis of Union. The two conferences met jointly on Saturday morning, Octobei 14, 1922, in the Mack Avenue (Evan. Assoc.) Church, and organized as the General Conference of the Evangelical Church.

Doctrine

The Confession of Faith and Discipline was compiled, partly from the systems of other Christian denominations, and partly from the Sacred Scriptures, by several ministers of the Association appointed for this purpose by the first Conference in 1807, and reappointed at several succeeding sessions of the Conference.

Whosoever will take the pains to examine the Confession of Faith and Church Discipline will perceive that the Evangelical Church has chosen to serve the Lord in the safe and simple way pointed out in the Word of God, and to be guided by these Scriptural rules in her labors, in cooperation with all true Christians, for the extension of the glorious kingdom of God on the earth, according to the grace which the Lord imparts.

Polity

Though the Evangelical Church in her ecclesiastical organization, has copied freely from other well organized churches, especially as to her Episcopal form of government, yet she hesitates not to confess that she has not inherited nor otherwise received her ordination and ecclesiastical authority from others, but, after the manner of the primitive Christians, has herself introduced and established them, through the knowledge, grace, and authority given unto her of God, m order thus to administer the blessed and indispensable ordinances of the New Testament economy, conformably with the injunction of the great Head of the Church, and to build each other up in faith and love. The Basis of Union shows mutual concessions from the polity of the two Churches. The Church has Bishops, and there is equal lay representation in the Annual and General Conferences. The itinerant system of stationing preachers is provided for, and the pastoral term may last seven vears, although the law of the Church requires a ^appointment from year to year.

Directory of Religious Bodies 91

EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH OF NORTH AMERICA

Annual meeting, in the spring. Two districts.

Official Board : Pres., Eev. H. Haupt ; Sec. Kev. C G. Wag- ner; Treas., Rev. A. Nemenz; Adviser, Henry Brockhoff.

Periodicals

Kirchenzeitung , Pittsburgh, Pa.; Year Book and Calendar, New- port, Ky.

History

This denomination was formed in Cincinnati in the year 1911 bv consolidating the German Evangelical Protestant Ministers' As- sociation and the German Evangelical Ministers' Conference, which were composed of ministers of independent German-American con- gregations of liberal faith. A year later the majority of the congre- gations joined their ministers and identified themselves with this organization, which seeks to promote sympathetic and united action on the part of its members without interfering with their independ- ence or local activities.

Doctrine and Polity

The church accepts as the foundation of faith and life the Gos- nel of Jesus Christ, protesting against any compulsion in matters of faith and conscience. It grants to every one the privilege of indi- vidual examination and research. The principle aim of the church is to spread practical Christianity and to promote religious sentiment and moral endeavor according to the example and teaching of Jesus. All this on a congregational basis.

EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF NORTH AMERICA

Synod, quadrennial; next session, 1925.

Eighteen district conferences and one mission district.

Office : Synod House, 2013 St. Louis Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Officers : Pr es., Eev. John Baltzer ;t Vice-Pres., Eev. A. H. Becker, New Orleans, La. ; Sec., Eev. Gustave Fischer, 671 Madi- son St., Milwaukee, Wis. ; Treas., Eev. Henry Bode, 1740 North Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

SEMINARY BOARD. Chmn., Rev. F. Frankenfeld, Rochester, N. Y.; Sec., Rev. G. A. Neumann, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Treas., Rev. Julius Kircher, Chicago, 111.

CENTRAL BOARD FOR HOME MISSIONS. Chmn., Rev. F. G. Ludwig, 851 Fourth St., Milwaukee, Wis.; Exec. Sec. and Treas., Rev. W. L. Bretz, Columbus, Ohio.

IMMIGRANT AND SEAMEN'S MISSION. Chmn., Rev. F. H. Klemme, 106 East 32d St., Baltimore, Md.; Sec., Rev. F. Giese, 819 North Patterson Park Ave., Baltimore, Md.; Treas., Rev. F. C. Rueggeberg, 2816 West Lombard St., Baltimore, Md.

BOARD FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. Chmn., Rev. C. W. Locher, 1920 G St., N. W., Washington, D. C.; Sec. Rev. S. Lindenmeyer, 646 6th St., Portsmouth, Ohio; Treas., Rev. Tim. Lehmann, 674 South High St., Columbus, Ohio; Exec. Sec., Rev. Paul A, Menzel, 2951 Tilden St., Washington, D. C.

92 Year Book of the Churches

BOARD FOK MINISTERIAL PENSION AND RELIEF Ch>wn,Ttev 3. Abele, R. R. 3, Cook, Nebr.; Sec., Rev. A. Dreusicke, Freebuig, 111.,

H.

Seny Vieth Synod House, 2013 St. Louis Ave., St Loms Mo.

GENERAL BOARD FOR PUBLICATION Ctom, Rev. F. »• s*" ibei,

Mo • Pres., Evangelical women a ujuwi, .I«.AO. * . **.. *~™» -rr-- • T?- AvV St. Louis, Mo ; Pm., Evangelical Brotherhood, Dr. E A. R Torsch, 718 Starks Bldg., Louisville, Ky.

College and Seminary Name ' Location President

Gf T miiQ TVfo t i * • • « S« 1} Jr 1 eSS

Eden Seminary . . • SmhnrS' 111 ' . . H. G. Schiek

Elmhurst College w^o Texas * " H Spccht

Robinson Academy Wiico' iexas

Periodicals

De<r Friedensbote (weekly), St Louis, Mo., Editor Rev. Otto Press; Evangelical Herald (weekly), St. Louis Mo., Bditoi, Rev JH. Horstmann; Evangelical < Tiding s (weekly) , St. Louis, Mo ^Edi- tor Rev A Ruecker; Evangelical Companion, St. Louis, Mo., Editor, Rev A Ruecker; Magazm fuer Theologie wuL I&rche Cleveland, Ohio Editor Rev. H. Kamphausen; Fiershinden and Chnsthche Kinderzeitung, St. Louis, Mo., Editor, Rev. K. Kisslmg.

History

The Evangelical Synod of North America traces its origin to six ministers repfesentinl the union of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches who met and organized a synod at Gravo1S Settlement Missouri in 1840. Four of these were missionaries— two sent by the Rhenish Missionary Society and two by the Missionary Society of Basel; while two were independents-one commg from Bremen and one from Strassburg During subsequent years several similar organizations were effected, including the United Evangelical Synod of North America, the German Evangelical So- cllty of Ohio! 5» United Evangelical Society of the East and others; and in 1877 these organizations, holding, as they did, the same doc- trine and governed by the same ecclesiastical principles, united m the present organization, known first as the "German Evangelical Synod of North America," now as the Evangelical Synod of North America.

Doctrine and Polity

The Synod accepts the Bible as the only rule of faith and prac- tice, and as correct interpretations of it uses the Augsburg Con- fession, Luther's Catechism, and the Heidelberg Catechism. Wherever these symbols do not agree, liberty is allowed in the interpretation of the Scripture passages in question.

Directory of Religious Bodies 93

The church is divided into districts, 19 in number, which, corre- spond closely to the self-governing states in the Federal government, and there is a general conference meeting once every four years, which represents the whole church. This conference is composed of the presidents of the districts, clerical delegates in the proportion of one for every twelve ministers, and lay delegates in the proportion of one for every twelve churches.

EVANGELISTIC ASSOCIATIONS

GENERAL STATEMENT

Under this head are included various associations of churches which are more or less completely organized and have one gen- eral characteristic, namely, the conduct of evangelistic or mis- sionary work In a few cases they are practically denomina- tions, but for the most part, while distinct from other religious bodies, they are dominated by the evangelistic conception rather than by doctrinal or ecclesiastical distinctions. None of them is large, and some are very small and local in their character.

The following bodies are included in the Evangelistic As- sociations :

Apostolic Church, Apostolic Christian Church, Apostolic Faith Movement, Christian Congregation, Church of Daniel's Band, Church of God as Organized by Christ, Church Tran- scendent, Hephzibah Faith Missionary Association, Lumber River Mission, Metropolitan Church Association, Missionary Church Association, Peniel Missions, Pentecost Bands of the World, Pillar of Fire, Voluntary Missionary Society in America.

APOSTOLIC CHURCH

No address obtainable.

APOSTOLIC CHRISTIAN CHURCH

Council of Elders, meets irregularly. Sec., Barthol Rapp, Morton, 111.

APOSTOLIC FAITH MOVEMENT

Address, Rev. Robert Gunther, 2415 Riverside Ave., Minne- apolis, Minn

CHRISTIAN CONGREGATION

Conference, annual.

Officers: Bishop, J. L. Puckett; Dist. Supt , Rev. Howard Dorsey, Kokomo, Ind.; Pres., Rev. Susie Magner; Vice-Pres., Rev. Mary Whortner ; Sec., Mrs. Edward McEndaw, Anderson, Ind. ; Treas., Mrs. Ella Swusher, Kokomo, Ind.

94 Year Book of the Churches

CHURCH OF DANIEL'S BAND

Animal Conference ; next meeting Midland, Midi , 1923.

Officers Pres , Eev. Geo. Hoggard, Midland, Mich.; Vice- Pres , Eev. E. Booth, Marine City, Mich.; Sec. and Treas , Eev. F. J. Eeivere, Bay City, Mich.

GENERAL CONFEKENCE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Pres., F. J. Re- viere, Bay Caty, Mich.; Sec. and Treas., A. F. Beebe, Bay City, Mich.; Ehni Booth, George Havers, Horace Heath, D. W. Maxson.

CHURCH OF GOD AS ORGANIZED BY CHRIST

Periodical

The Gospel Teacher (monthly), Wakarusa, Ind., Editor, P. J. Kaufman.

CHURCH TRANSCENDENT

Address Sec. Harry R. Marlow, 3iy2 Street, Warren, Ohio

HEPHZIBAH FAITH MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION

Camp Meeting and Convention,- meet annually in August.

Headquarters: Tabor, la.

Trustees and Directors . Pres., Elder L. W. Worcester ; Vice- Pres.f Elder J. M. Zook ; Sec., Miss G. M. Haven , Treas , Fred C. Eosentrater, Mrs L. B. Worcester, Elder 0. W. Adams, Meeting first Thursday in December

GENERAL MISSION BOARD. Pres., J. M. Zook; Sec., Miss G. M. Haven, Paul Worcester, C. C. Brown, D. S. DeVore, 0. E Morehead, 0. W. Adams, Miss Emma Herr, Mrs. Nellie A. Williams, F. C. Rosen- trater.

School

Name Location President

Missiormi y Bible School .. .. Taboi, Iowa Eldei L. B. Woicester.

Periodicals

Good Tidings (semi-monthly), Editors, L. B. Worcester, Elder J. M. Zook, Miss Anna Dreyer, Miss Susan Beers, Miss Anna Chun- ing, Walter E. Wood, Irvm E. Dayhoff. John Three-Sixteen (weekly), Editor, L. B. Worcester.

LUMBER RIVER MISSION

No report obtainable.

METROPOLITAN CHURCH ASSOCIATION

Headquarters: "Waukesha, Wis.

Officers and Trustees: Pres., Edwin L. Harvey; Sec, J. H. Barnes; Treas., G. F. Harvey.

Theological Seminary

Name Location Dean

Metropolitan Bible School. . , Waukesha, Wis Henry L. Harvey.

Directory of Religious Bodies 95

Periodical

The Burning Bush (weekly), Editors, Edwin L. Harvey, Win. T. Pettengill, J. Howard Barnes.

MISSIONARY CHURCH ASSOCIATION

Address Rev. B. F. Leightner, 543 Organ Ave., Fort "Wayne, Ind.

PENIEL MISSIONS

Headquarters : 227 S. Main St., Los Angeles, Calif. Trustees- Rev. T. P. Ferguson, Mrs. M. P. Ferguson.

Periodical Peniel Herald (monthly), Editors, T. P. and M. P. Ferguson.

PENTECOST BANDS OF THE WORLD

Annual conference.

Headquarters : Room 14, Pembroke Arcade, Indianapolis, Ind

Officers: Pres , G-. E. Bula; Vice-Pres. and Sec. and Treas , A S. Crowley; Div. Leader, 0. H. Nater.

BOARD OP FOREIGN MISSIONS. Officers as above. No schools.

Periodical

The Herald of Light (weekly), Indianapolis, Ind., Editor, G. E. Bula.

PILLAR OF FIRE (The Pentecostal Union)

Annual Conference, Eastern Division, August, 1923, at Zarephath, N. J.

Annual Conference, Western Division, July, 1923, at 1845 Champa St., Denver, Colo.

Headquarters: Zarephath, N. J.

Officers: Pres., Bev. Alma White; Vice-Pres., Eev. A. K. White; Treas., Eev. A. L. Wolfram.

Alma White, Zarephath, N. J.

Charles W. Bridwell, 1845 Champa St., Denver, Colo.

Schools Name Location President 01 Dean

Alma College Zarephath, N. J Alma White.

Zarephath Bible Institute Zarephath, N. J . . Ray B White.

Zarephath Academy Zarephath, N. J. . . A. K. White.

Westminster College Denver, Colo, ... . . ftay B White

Periodicals

Pillar of Fire; The Good Citizen; Rocky Mountain Pillar of Fire; London Pillar of Fire; The British Sentinel; The Occidental Pillar of Fire; Pillwr of Fire, Jr.; all edited "by Eev. Alma White.

96 Year Book of the Churches

VOLUNTARY MISSIONARY SOCIETY IN AMERICA No report obtainable.

FREE CHRISTIAN ZION CHURCH OF CHRIST (Colored)

General Assembly, annual meeting.

Officers- Rev. W. M. Benson, Presiding Bishop, No Little Rock, Ark.

Bishops

E. D. Brown, No. Little Rock, Ark.

W, M. Benson, No. Little Rock, Ark.

M. E. Early, Peace, Ark.

GENERAL BOARD. Sec , Rev. G. W. Anderson, Conway, Ark, R. 2 ; L. L. Grippen, Rixey, Ark; W. M. Parritt, New Madrida, Mo.

GENERAL ZION BOARD. Chcdrman, Mrs. M, R. Kingsby, Magnolia, Ark.; Sec., Mrs. Dollia Henderson, Spnngdail, Tex.; Treas., Mrs. M. A. Jackson, Douglassville, Tex.

GENERAL SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD. Gen. Supt, C. B. Richardson, Queen City, Tex; Sam Petterson, Linden, Tex.

GENERAL TRUSTEES BOARD. Chmn., Bishop E. D. Brown; Sec., Bishop W. M. Benson, No. Little Rock, Ark.; L. Kingsby, No. Little Rock, Ark.

GENERAL MISSIONARY BOARD. Chmn., Mrs. A. L. Benson, No. Lit- tle Rock, Ark.; Tim Dixon, Douglassville, Texas; M. H. L. Black- well, No. Little Rock Ark.

Periodical

Union Comfort, Editor, Bishop E. D. Brown.

History

The Free Christian Zion Church of Christ was organized on July 10, 1905, at Redemption, Arkansas, by a small company of negro ministers. The immediate occasion was a protest against any at- tempt to tax members of the church for the support of an ecclesi- astical system, and a feeling that the church itself should care for its poor and needy. The founder, E. D. Brown, was a conference missionary of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. Others associated with him represented the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and Negro Baptist churches.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine and polity the church is in general accord with the Methodist bodies, except that it has chiefs or superintendents in place of bishops, and pastors and deacons are the officers in the local churdbu A chief pastor is chosen to preside over the whole denomi- nation, and all appointments to offices m the church, as well as to pastorates, are maide by him. The laity has from the beginning had a share in the conduct of the local church, and also in the general assembly.

FRIENDS GENERAL STATMENT

The different bodies of Friends in the United States may be classified as follows: The Society of Friends (Orthodox) consist-

Directoiy of .Religions Bodies 97

ing of the thirteen Yearly Meetings joined together in the Five Years Meeting and two other Yearly Meetings loosely affiliated with them, this group foiming the larger body of Friends; the religious Society of Friends (Hicksite or Liberal) ; the Society r>f Friends (Orthodox Conservative or Wilburite) ; and Friends (Primitive). The general history of these different bodies is presented in the statement for the larger body

SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (Orthodox)

Five Years ' Meeting, quinquennial, composed of delegates from twelve of the fourteen yearly meetings in the United States and one in Canada.

Officers- Presiding Clerk, John R. Gary, 205 Morris Bldg , Baltimore, Md , Gen Sec , Walter C Woodward, 101 South Jth St., Richmond, Ind. ; Treas., Edwip G. Crawford, Richmond, lud. ; CJimn. of Exec Com , Allen D Hole, Barlham College, Richmond, Ind

FINANCE BOARD. Chmn., Miles White, Jr., 607 Keyser Bldg., Baltimore, Md.

AMERICAN FRIENDS BOARD OP FOREIGN MISSIONS. Acting Gen. ?ec., B. Willis Beede, Richmond, Ind.

BOARD ON HOME MISSIONS. Exec. Sec., R'uthanna M. Sims, 101 3. Eighth St., Richmond, Ind.

BOARD ON EDUCATION. Chmn , Wm. 0 Mendenhall, Wichita, Cans.

BOARD ON PROHIBITION OF THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC. Chmn., S. Edgar Nicholson, 532 Seventeenth St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

BOARD ON PUBLICATION. Mgr.} David E Henley, 101 S. Eighth St., Richmond, Ind.

BOARD ON RELIGIOUS EDUCATION. Ghrnn., Edward H. Stranahan, )skaloosa, Iowa.

YOUNG FRIENDS BOARD. Sec., Helen E. Hawkins, 101 S. Eighth >t., Richmond, Ind,

AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE. Chmn., Rufus M. Jones, laverford, Pa.

PEACE BOARD. Chmn., Allen D. Hole, Richmond, Ind.

COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS. Chmn., Walter Smedley, 1226 Stephen Girard Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

Colleges

Name Location President

ebraska Central College . Central City, Neb Ora W. Carrell.

arlham College .Richmond, Ind. .David M. Edwards,

riends University Wichita, Kans. . , . .William 0. Mendenhall.

uilf ord College ... . Guilf ord College, N, C Raymond Binf ord.

averford College . . Haverford, Pa ... William W. Comfort,

acific College Newberg, Ore. . ,Levi T Pennington.

enn College . . . Oskaloosa, Iowa ,» . Edwin McGrew.

Wittier, Calif. . . Whittier College Harry N. Wright,

'ilmmgton College Wilmington, Ohio J. Edwin Jay.

Periodicals

The American Friend (weekly), Richmond, Ind., Editor, Walter C. Woodward; Messenger of Peace (monthly), Richmond, Ind., Editor, lien D. Hole; Friend's Missionary Advocate (monthly), Blooming- ale, Ind., Editor, Lenora N. Hobbs.

98 Year Book of the Churches

History

George Fox, born 1624, was the founder of the Friends, at first called "Children of Truth" or "Children of Light," also "Friends of Truth." Finally the name given them was the "Religious Society of Friends," to which was frequently added "commonly called Quakers." This last name was applied to them by a justice m re- sponse to an address, in which George Fox called on him to "tremble at the Word of the Lord." They increased in numbers, until by the close of the seventeenth century, they were one of the most important bodies of dissenters m England. With the cessation of persecution, about the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Friends relaxed their missionary zeal, paid more attention to the discipline of their members, and gradually settled down into a comparatively quiet ex- istence. About the middle of the nineteenth century a new movement began, and since that time the great majority of the Friends have either dropped or modified many of the old customs and external forms-

The first recorded visit of any Quakers to America was that of two women, Ann Austin and Marv Fisher, who arrived in Massa- chusetts from Barbados in 1656. They were immediately put under arrest, subjected to a brutal examination to see whether they were witches, and finally shipped back to Barbados. Two days after their departure a vessel arrived with eight more Quakers, and these were forcibly returned to England. Severe laws were enacted and heavy penalties provided for those who knowingly brought into the com- munity that "cursed sect of heretics lately risen up in the world which are commonly called ' Quakers/ " Nothwitstanding these laws, the Quakers continued to come, and at last the situation improved, al- though it was not until 1724 that their appeals to the Royal Privy Council in England were susained. A few years later laws were enacted in their favor.

The Friends had almost as trying an experience in Virginia as in Massachusetts, and they suffered certain persecutions in Connecti- cut. In Rhode Island, however, they were received more cordially and were held in high regard, several of the early governors being mem- bers of the society. In New York, New Jersey and Maryland there were many Friends. The culmination of their influence was reached in Pennsylvania, under the charter given to William Penn in return for a debt due by the crown to his father, Admiral Penn.

The early part of the nineteenth century was marked by divi- sions on doctrinal points, resulting in separation more or less seri- ous. The most important of these was that popularly known as "Hicksite" in 1827-28. This was followed by the "Wilburite" in 1845 and the "Primitive" a little later.

During the decade, chiefly as a result of the Five Years Meet- ing there has been a strong tendency toward greater unity of ef- fort in the fields of home and foreign missions, Bible schools, educa- tion, evangelistic work, philanthropy, and social reform. This is true of all branches of the society. The relations to other bodies of Chris- tians have become closer. In the World War the Friends simply re- affirmed their historic position in regard to all war, a position recog- nized by Congress in the selective-draft act, which provided for the assignment of those Friends drafted to noncombatant service. All branches of Friends united in the American Friends Service Com- mittee for the purpose of carrying on reconstruction work in France. Several hundred thousand dollars were contributed for this purpose. From 1919 to 1921 an important work was carried on by this com- mittee in child feeding in Germany and more recently an important service is being rendered in relief work in the famine districts of Russia.

Directory of Religious Bodies 99

Doctrine

The Orthodox Friends, who are by far the most numerous branch, have never adopted a formal creed. Their doctrine agrees in all essential points with the doctrine of the great body of the Christian. Church, but they differ from other denominations in the following important respects: (1) The great importance attached to the immediate personal teaching of the Holy Spirit, or "Light With- in," or "Inner Light"; (2) the absence of all outward ordinances, in- cluding baptism and the Lord's Supper, on the ground that they are not essential, were not commanded by Christ, and, moreover, tend to draw the soul away from the essential to the nonessential and formal; (3) the manner of worship and appointment of ministers; (4) the doctrine of peace or nonresistance, in accordance with which no Friend can fight or directly support war.

Polity

The organization of the Society of Friends includes monthly, quarterly and yearly meetings, each being a purely business organi- zation. The monthly meeting is either a single congregation or in- cludes two or more congregations called variously, weekly, local, or preparative meetings. The monthly meetings in a certain district combine to form a quarterly meeting, and the quarterly meetings in a wider territory constitute a yearly meeting.

Thirteen of the Yearly Meetings have united in forming the Five Years Meetings. These Yearly Meetings have a uniform book of discipline. Official delegates from these Yearly Meetings meet every five years for the transaction of such business as is of com- mon interest. Provision is made for carrying on the work of the denominational boards on missionary, philanthropic and educational lines. Woman is in a position of absolute equality with man in Friends' polity.

The worship of a Friends' meetings is distinctly nonliturgical. Since the Friends believe that worship involves a direct communion of the soul with God it can be carried on with or without a minister. Meetings for worship can be held partly or even wholly in silence, and without any prearrangement of service, though some prearrange- ment is more common than formerly. There is no stated length for any sermon, prayer or exhortation, and- often several persons, not necessarily ministers take part during the same meeting.

SOCIETY OF FRIENDS (Hicksite)

General Conference, biennial; next meeting in 1924.

Seven Yearly Meetings.

Officers: Chmn.y Arthur C. Jackson, 6445 Greene St., Ger- mantown, Pa. ; Gen. Sec., J. Barnard Walton, 140 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ; Rec. Sec., Miss Josephine H. Tilton, 120 So. Second Ave., Mount Vernon, N. Y. ; Treas., Harry A. Hawkins. 57 Pierrepont Ave., W., Rutherford, N. J.

SUNDAY SCHOOL COMMITTEE, Central Bureau of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 154 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Sec., Miss Jane P. Rushmore.

School

Name Location Director

Friends' School for Religious and Social Education Swarthmore, Pa Elbert Russell.

100 Year Book of the Churches

Periodical

Friends9 Intelligencer (weekly), 140 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, Mrs. Sue C. Yerkes.

ORTHODOX CONSERVATIVE FRIENDS (Wilburite)

Kansas Yearly Meeting held at Emporia, Kans. Address Alva J. Smith, 619 E. 6th St , Emporia, Kans.

FRIENDS (Primitive)

Address John C. Maule, Bristol, Pa.

THE HOLINESS CHURCH

Assembly, semi-annual.

Headquarters - Los Angeles, Calif

Officers: Pres., W. N. Matness, Los Angeles, Calif.; Vice- Pres., J. EL Cressnill, 844 Monterey Road, South Pasadena, Calif. ; Recorder, Gladys L. Clark, 106 North Hidalgo Ave , Al- hambra, Calif.; Treas , T. A Smith, Azusa, Calif.

MISSIONARY BOARD. Treas., J. E. Adams, 2638 Eagle St., Los Angeles, Calif.

PENTECOST PRINTING HOUSE, 131 N. Chicago St., Los Angeles, Calif.

Periodical

The Pentecost, 131 N. Chicago St., Los Angeles, Calif., Editors, G. E. Ramige, Hattie H. Ramige.

History

About 1880 as a result of the preaching of ministers of the Methodist Episcopal and Free Methodist Church in Southern Cali- fornia and Arizona numerous bands were formed under the name "Holiness Band," the members retaining, however, their member- ship or identity with the churches of which they were already mem- bers. With the development of these bands and the acquisition of certain property for the conduct of their worship, certain legal difficulties arose and in 1896 they became incorporated under the laws of the state of California. From California the work extended into other states and was especially prominent m Kentucky and Ten- nessee. The churches in Tennessee constitute a district assembly of the entire body, but the churches in Kentucky are included in the corporate body of California.

Doctrine

The doctrine of the Holiness Church is Methodist or Wesleyan, following the principles laid down by John Wesley. It teaches re- repentance, restitution, confession, and the forsaking of sin as the part for the sinner; and the forgiveness of sin and the divine light received by the repentant sinner, as the part from God. The church teaches that it is the privilege, as well as the duty, of every believer to consecrate himself to God without reserve and that the result of such consecration will be sanctification, meaning by the term freedom from the "carnal mind" and the tendency to sin. Specific conditions of church membership are sanctification and baptism by water. The mode of baptism being settled by the candidate, although immer-

Directory of Religious Bodies 101

sion is for the most part practiced; and the belief in the second coming of the Lord, and in divine healing by faijh. The church also emphasizes belief in prohibition, abstinence from drugs and tobacco, and from all poisons that are "against the best for God." Divorce is allowed but for one cause, adultery; membership in secret societies is disapproved and forbidden; and plain dress, avoiding extravagance and jewelry, especially for show, is inculcated.

Polity

A president is elected annually and acts as chairman of all gen- eral assemblies and of the Board of Elders. He also superintends the work in general. Local churches are self-directing, but there is a board of 12 elders who care for the spiritual welfare of the church and serve between the meetings of the assembly. There is, in addi- tion, a board of 9 trustees, whose office it is to look after the property of the church and who hold that property subject to the General Assembly, composed of representatives from the churches. District assemblies are formed under the care of superintendents who are members of the board of elders of the General Assembly. Ministers are selected on their qualifications of aptness to preach or teach the word. No fixed salaries are paid. Free will offerings are made for support of the work. Tithing is practiced.

INDEPENDENT CHURCHES

No directory.

History

Under this head are included single churches which are not identi- fied with any ecclesiastical body and have not even such affiliation as would entitle them to inclusion under a special name. Certain dis- tinct types appear. There are churches which were originally mis- sions or Sunday schools established in newly settled or outlying districts bv Christian workers representing different denominations, and which have grown gradually into a definite church life, There are also churches variously called union, federated, community, etc., which represent the movement toward denominational fellowship, the elimination of weak churches, and the consolidation of church life for the purpose of securing more effective church work. The num- ber of churches reporting themselves as union churches is quite large, but, not infrequently, it is not clear just what is represented by the term. The federated and the community church is of recent growth. There is a third class, including churches which use a denomina- tional name, but for one reason or another are not included in de- nominational lists and are not reported by the denominational of- ficers. A fourth class includes churches which were organized by individuals independent of any denominational status, some that originally had denominational connection, and some which are the result of Holiness or evangelistic movements.

Doctrine and Polity

No special features of doctrine or polity can be definitely stated for these independent churches. Each organization included under this head draws up its own creed, adopts its own form of organiza- tion, chooses its own officers, makes it own conditions of membership, and conducts its own worship as it chooses, and no general statement is practicable, except that the union and federated churches accord more or less closelv to the customs of the denominations represented in their organizations.

102 Year Book of the Churches

JEWISH (Representative National Organizations)

UNION OF AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGATIONS. Twentv-eightl Council held in New York, January, 1923. Pres., Chas. M. Shohl; Sec., Eabbi George Zepin, 62 Duttenhofer Bldg-., Cincinnati, Ohio.

UNITED SYNAGOGUE OP AMERICA (1913), 531 W. 123d St., New York City. Pres., Elias L. Soloman; Vice-Pres., Louis Gmzberg; Cor. Sec., Charles I. Hoffman, 334 Belmont Ave., Newark, N. J.

UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OP AMERICA. Pres., Julius J. Dukas; Sec., Albert Lucas, 56 W. 105th St., New York City.

CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS. Pres., Edward N. Calisch, Richmond, Va. ; Rec. Sec., Felix A. Levy, Chicago ; Cor. Sec., Isaac E. Marcusan, Macon, Ga.; Treas., Louis Wolsey, Cleveland, Ohio.

UNITED ORTHODOX RABBIS OF UNITED STATES AND CANADA Pres., M. S. Margolies, 1225 Madison Ave., New York City.

AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE (1906), 171 Madison Aye., New York City. Pres., Louis Marshall; Asst. Sec.f Harry Schneiderman; Treas., Isaac W. Bernheim; Chmn. Exec. Com., Cyrus Adler.

COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN (1893), 305 W. 98th St., New York City. Pres., Mrs. Rose Brenner; Exec. Sec., Mrs. Harry Sternberger; Rec. Sec., Mrs. L. A. Hecht; Treas., Mrs. Alvin L. Bauman,

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF TEMPLE SISTERHOODS. Pres., Mrs. Jo- seph Wiesenf<eld, 2333 Eutaw PL, Baltimore, Md.; Sec., Mrs. Ben Lowenstein, 62 Duttenhofer Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio.

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY (1892) 531 W. 123d St., New York City. Pres., Abraham S. W. Rosenbach; Cor. Sec., Albert M. Friedenberg, 38 Park Row, New York City.

JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA, Girard Ave. and Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Simon Miller; Sec., I. George Dobsevage; Treas., Henry Fernberger.

JEWISH CHAXJTAUQUA SOCIETY (1893), 1305 Stephen Girard Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Chancellor, Henry Berkowitz; Vice-Chancellor, Wiham Rosenau; Sec., Jeanette M. Goldberg; Treas., Emil Selig.

ZIONIST ORGANIZATION OF AMERICA (1918), 55 Fifth Aye., New York City. Gen. Sec.f Louis Lipsky; Treas., Peter J. Schweitzer.

JEWISH WELFARE BOARD (1917) , 352 Fourth Ave., New York City. Pres., Irving Lehman; Vice-Pres., Felix M. Warburg; Treas., Felix Fuld; Sec., Joseph Rosenzweig.

HEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY (1888), 425 Lafayette Ave., New York City. Pres., John L. Bernstein; Treas., Harry Fischel; Gen. Mgr., Jacob R. Fain.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OP JEWISH SOCIAL SERVICE (1899), 114 Fifth Ave., New York City. Pres., Solomon Lowenstein; Sec., Samuel A. Goldsmith; Treas., Morris Kind.

Colleges and Theological Seminaries

Name Location President

Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate

Learning Philadelphia, Pa. ... Cyrus Adler.

Jewish Theological Seminal y of America. . New York City Cyrus Adler, acting

Hebrew Union College .. Cincinnati Julian Moigan Hem

ftabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seirn- nai y New York City B. Revel.

History

A few Jewish individuals settled in Maryland about 1650, but th« records of the Jewish community in the United States may be said to date from 1654, when a company of Jews from Brazil or the West Indies attempted to land at New Asterdam. The persistent op- oosition of the governor, Peter Stuyvesant, delayed them for nearly

Directory of Religious Bodies 103

a year, but on April 26, 1655, they were admitted by order of the Dutch West India Company. Although accorded permission to live and trade in New Netherlands they were yet denied the privilege of building a synagogue and of acquiring a site for burial purposes. This, however, did not prevent them from meeting for private wor- ship, and soon afterwards they formed a congregation, the Shearith Israel, which is still in existence in New York City. The burial ground order was rescinded as early as July 14, 1656, and in 1682, under English rule, the congregation occupied a rented building on Mill (or Beaver) Street, and, in 1730, erected on Mill Street the first synagogue ever built in the United States.

From time to time other Jewish communities were formed in New York; in Philadelphia, where the first regular congregation, Mikye Israel, was instituted in 1740; in Newport, R. I. (1658); in Baltimore, Md. (about 1790) ; in Savannah, Ga.; in Charleston, S. C.; in Richmond, Va.; and in other of the older cities of the United States. From these foci communities from time to time radiated to smaller places, until there was, a century ago, a Jewish community in almost every good-sized town in the country.

Up to the beginning of the nineteenth century the great majority of the Jewish settiers in this country were of the Sephardic branch of the race, L e., descendants of those who had come directly or in- directly from Spain or Portugal, and in 1800 there were about 2,500 Jews in the United States, of whom 700 resided in New York City. In 1850 the number had grown to about 50,000, nearly one-fourth of them being residents in that city. The increase, in so far as it was due to immigration, consisted principally of Jews of the Ash- kenazic division, £ e., those originating in Germany, Austria and cer- tain sections of Poland. During the next generation (1850-1880), the Jewish population of the country, through natural increase and through immigration, again mainly from Central Europe, doubled and redoubled, so that in 1880 it was estimated at about 225,000 souls, scattered through the principal commercial centers of the nation, New York City probably containing 60,000. By that time the Ger- man and the Sephardic Jews had formed their congregations, and they have established very few since. In 1880-81 began the large accessions from Russia, Galicia, Moldavia, Rumania and Hun- gary; and it is mainly these newcomers from Russia, Austria and Rumania who have set up and who are still evolving new congrega- tions. In 1920 the total Jewish population was estimated at 3,300,000.

In the religious life of the Jews in the United States, there has developed a line of cleavage, which is not very well defined, indicated by the terms "orthodox" and "reform." These words, bor- rowed from the terminology of the Christian denominations are, how- ever, likely to be misleading, if "reform" is taken to imply an ex- plicit doctrinal disagreement with "orthodoxy," or a return to an earlier or purer form of the faith compared with which the present stage is considered an aberration. The "reform" movement in Judaism primarily concerns itself with synagogue ritual, which readily admits of changes by reason of the autonomous character of the Jewish congregation, and it is actuated by a desire to modify the forms of worship somewhat in accordance with the demands of the times. Broadly speaking, then, the so-called orthodox Jew is distin- guished from the so-called reform Jew by a more rigid observance of the "ceremonial" prescriptions, as that observance has developed traditionally; and historically considered, the divergence between "orthodoxy" and "reform" has arisen as increasing numbers of Jews, no longer hampered by civil and political restrictions, have entered the many (for them) novel walks of life, and under the influence of new secular pursuits and associations, have become less insistent in their observance of the ceremonies in point. The Jewish, faith

104 Year Book of the Churches

practically coincides with the Jewish race, and every Jew is con- sidered a Jew -until he definitely adopts the tenets of another creed. Jewish tradition discourages efforts at convert-making. On the other hand, a man or woman who has become convinced of the truth of Judaism, and desires to enter the Jewish communion, may do so after submitting to the prescribed ceremonials. Examples of this kind are, however, quite rare, though not unknown.

Doctrine

The term "doctrine" as descriptive of certain phases or depart- ments of church life has not the same significance in the Jewish congregations as in Christian denominations. There is no specific creed to be subscribed, divergence from which involves separation from a particular synagogue or organization, whether local or gen- eral. The religious life of the Jews centers about certain ceremonials and liturgies, rather than about expression of faith or belief. The "law" is a law of observances rather than a creed.

At the same time, there is a general system of doctrine accepted in the main by all Jews, including the unity of God, the inspiration of the Old Testament, and especially of the law as set forth in the Pentateuch, the system of holidays, and general worship of the syna- gogue.

With regard to inspiration, Jews generally believe that the spirit and teachings of the Old Testament are of divine inspiration, but m the specific statement of this belief there are widely divergent ex- pressions, some holding that every word and letter of every part of the book, especially of the Pentateuch, is of divine inspiration, others claiming that there is nothing more divine about the writings in question than there is in any exalted human production of genius. Whatever detailed statement is made, however, one who professes to be a Jew in any proper sense of the word, believes, or believes in, the moral and theological doctrine contained in the writings of the Old Testament. The canon of this Old Testament comprises 24 books, namely, the 5 of the Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, the Minor Prophets, Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Songs, Kuth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, and Chronicles.

As to the New Testament, which, of course, formed no part of the basis of Judaism, there are Jews who believe it to be historically correct, while others question its chronological accuracy. In so far as it runs counter to the teachings of the Old Testament, or as it seerns to Jewish authorities to so run, the New Testament is not to be followed and its teachings are to be considered the reverse of the truth. There are Jews who would prohibit its perusal utterly, but others do not deny it a due and proper place as literature.

Jews' High Holidays proper comprise only New Year's Day and the Day of Atonement. New Year's Day commemorates the creation of the world; the Day of Atonement is a day of humiliation and repentance. The Passover belongs to the cycle of three Festivals — Passover, Pentecost and Tabernacles — each of which is imbued with historic associations, besides retaining in the ritual and ceremonial observances, remmiscenses of their ancient agricultural character. The giving out of the divine law is associated with the Festival of Pentecost. New Year's Day usually occurs some time m the month of September, occasionally in October. The Day of Atonement fol- lows on the tenth day from the New Year's Day. The Passover oc- curs in March or April. The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) is the last day of the penitential days, and on the afternoon preceding the day proper an evening meal is generally eaten, the day itself being observed by fasting. On the Day of Atonement there are cer-

Directory of Religious Bodies 105

tain peculiar ceremonies, and every Jew is expected to attend the synagogue even if on other holidays he absents himself from it.

Synagogue services vary greatly in the different synagogues, and in some cases they closely resemble services in Protestant churches. In others they consist of hardly more than a hurried recital of prayers. The essence of religious service is prayer to God, and in some con- gregations the main essential is that the communicants shall go into the place of worship and there repeat, as they come in, often stand- ing, the essential prayers as formalized, so that there is at times no unity in those observances. The public or congregational prayers can not be begun until ten men are present, a boy of thirteen who has been confirmed counting as a man. Especially in the United States there has been a tendency to approximate divine service to modern conditions and patterns, including, in a few instances, their observ- ance on Sunday instead of Saturday. The formal service lasts on an average of about two hours, part of that time being given to the sermon, sometimes doctrinal, sometimes not; while the prayers, chants, and music, vocal and instrumental, precede or succeed the address of the rabbi and constitute the balance of the divine service. In some cases the prayers are recited in Hebrew (classical, not Yiddish), in others the vernacular of the land is employed. In most congregations at least one prayer for the dead, known as the "Kad- dish" is repeated in Aramic.

Polity

The outstanding fact in oiganized Jewish religious life is the in- dependence of the synagogue or local church organization. Among Jews there is no such thing as a controlling ecclesiastical, organiza- tion. Every congregation the world over, is a law unto itself; each one is responsible to itself alone for the interpretation put upon the sacred law, and upon sacred traditions.

Broadly speaking, all persons of Jewish birth are also Jews in the religious sense. Hence, the membership of the Jewish congre- gations bears a close relation to the Jewish population and member- ship in a Jewish synagogue is on an essentially different basis from that in a Christian church, but methods vary, some synagogues count- ing the heads of families, others only incorporators or pew holders. The Jewish ministry includes primarily the rabbis, but also often the reader or cantor. The rabbi decides questions of law and ritual, iDerforms the office of preacher and religious functionary, is the or- eranizer and teacher of religious schools and, in general, represents the church community.

LATTER DAY SAINTS CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER DAY SAINTS

General Conference, annual; Salt Lake City.

Eighty-four stakes in the U. S., three in Canada, and one in Mexico. A stake is composed of a number of wards, the ward being the unit in church government. There are nine hun- dred and twenty-eight wards and independent branches.

Officers: Pres.f Heber J. Grant; Counselors, Anthony W. Ivins and Charles W, Penrose; Presiding Patriarchy Hyrum G. Smith. Pres. of the Council of Twelve, Budget Clawson; Pre- siding Bishop, Charles W. Nibley.

FOREIGN MISSIONS. Under the direction of the Presidency of the Church, assisted by the Council of the Twelve Apostles.

106

Year Book of the Churches

SABBATH SCHOOL WORK. Supt, David 0. McKay; Gen. Sec., A. H. Reiser, Salt Lake City, Utah.

YOUNG MEN'S MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION. Supt , Geo Albert Smith; Gen. Sec., Moroni Snow.

YOUNG LADIES' MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION. Pres., Mrs. Martha H. Tingey; Sec., Clarissa A. Beesley.

PRIMARY ASSOCIATION. Pres., Mrs. Louise B, Felt; Gen. Sec., Frances K. Thomassen.

WOMAN"S RELIEF SOCIETY. Pres., Mrs. Clarrissa S, Williams; Gen. Sec., Amy B. Lyman.

RELIGIOUS CLASS. Supt., Rudger Clawson; Sec.9 Wm. A. Morton.

Name

B. Y. Univeisity B. Y. College L. D. S. U. .. Dixie Normal College Gila Normal College Ricks Normal College Snow Normal College Weber Noimal College

Name

Big Hoin Academy Jauiez Academy Millard Academy . San Luis Academy Snowflake Academy . Uintah Academy

Colleges

Location

Provo, Utah

Logan, Utah .Salt Lake City, Utah .

St. George, Utah ... . . Thatchei, Aiizona . .

Rexburgj Idaho . ... .Ephiaim, Utah . Ogden, Utah

Location

, Cowley, Wyoming

.Col. Jauiez, Chili., Mexico .Hinckley, Utah . Manassa, Colorado .... Snowflake, Arizona .Vernal, Utah ... .

Seminaries

President ,F. S Harris.

W. W. Henderson .Guy C. Wilson , Jos K. Nicholes.

L. H. Creer. . George S Romney. .Wayne B. Hales. .A W. Tiacy

P) mcipal

Elijah M Hicken. Lucian Mecliam, Ji. L H. Hatch Floyd G. Eyre. Silas L. Fish .E. A Jacobsen.

Name	Location	Principal
Afton . . .	.Wyoming . . . .	, . . George H Curry.
American Fork	.. ..Utah .	. . .Sidney Sperry.
Beaver	. Jtali .. ..	. . .Claude S. Cornwall.
Blanding . . .	. . . Jtah	Wayne S. Redd.
Box Elder	Bngham City, Utah	.. Abel S. Rich.
Chandlei	Arizona	W. King Dnggs.
Fillmore	Utah	.. Wm. T Tew, Jr
Gi anite	. Salt Lake City, Utah . .	John M Whitaker.
Heber	Utah	.Ralph F Nilsson
Huntmgton	. .. Utah .	. .Hyrum S. Harris .
Hyrum .	..Utah .	E Ray Gardner
Joidan .	. .. Sandy, Utah	Enoch Jorgensen
Kanab .	.. . Utah	..G Alber Fitzgerald
vaysville	. .. . Utah . . .	. . George C Ensign,
Lehi	Utah	. ... A. B Anderson.
Manti . ....	Utah	.Joseph Y. Jenson
Mesa	.. .Arizona . .	N. A. Jensen
Montpehei .	Idaho	S H. Spencer.
Moioni	.. Utah	.W E. Men ell
Mt. Pleasant	Utah	. . A H. Anderson.
Mur* ay	..Utah	. . . Newel K. Young.
Nepln	..Utah	. . . . E M. Greenwood.
Fans . .	. . .Idaho . ,	. ...Roy A. Welker.
Pleasant Grove	. ...Utah	Samuel D Mooie, Jr.
Preston . .	Idaho	....Wendell S Stout.
Provo	Utah	... .J A Washburn
Provo Bench .	. .. Utah	..Victor C Andeison.
Richfield . . .	Utah	.... John Harrington.
Roosevelt	Utah .	Pres W. H Smart.
Rigby	.......Idaho ...	• J. E. Fishei
Salina	. Utah	. . . Joseph A Anderson
Spanish Fork . .	Utah . ...	. . L E Eggertsen.
Castle Dale . .	Utah . .	..Nephi L. Williams.

Periodicals (All published in Salt Lake City)

Juvenile Instructor, Editors, Heber J, Grant and George D. Pyper; Children's Friend, Editor, Miss May Anderson; Young Wom- an's Journal, Editor, Miss Mary Conolly; Improvement Era, Editors,

Directory of Religious Bodies 107

Heber J. Grant and Edward H. Anderson; Relief Society Magazine, Desert News, Editor, Harold Goff.

History

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints was founded by Joseph Smith, a native of* Vermont, in 1830, at Fayette, Seneca County, N. Y. He states that while m the woods near his father's home he "had a vision of great light, and two glorious personages appeared before him and commanded him 'to join none of the re- ligious sects, for the Lord was about to restore the gospel, which was not represented in its fulness by any of the existing churches.' " Other visions followed, and in one he received directions enabling him to obtain "the sacred records, an abridgment of the history kept by the ancient inhabitants of America" which "were engraved on plates which had the appearance of gold." These records, constituting the "Book of Mormon," he translated, dictating the translation to Oliver • Cowdery and others, who wrote it down. Oliver Cowdery, with David Whitmer and Martin Harris, after the completion of the work, gave their testimony that they had actually seen the plates. Two years later, in 1829, Smith and Cowdery stated that "an angel appeared to them and conferred upon them the priesthood of Aaron and in- structed them to baptize each other by immersion." This was fol- lowed, in April, 1830, by the organization of the church at Fayette, N. Y., and "the declaration that the ancient gospel had been restored with all its gifts and powers."

Missionaries were sent out and numerous churches were organ- ized in different states. In 1831, headquarters were established at Kirtland, Ohio. From the first, the policy of segregating the con- verts from the "gentiles" was followed, and in 1831 a colony of be- lievers was settled in Jackson County, Mo. Here they met violent op- position from neighbors, which culminated in 1833 in their being driven from the county by mob violence. They then scattered into other counties, although retaining their organization at Kirtland, Ohio; and in 1838 Joseph Smith, with other leaders, removed to Cald- well County, Mo., which was settled almost exclusively by his fol- lowers. Here again there was friction between them and the earlier settlers of the adjoining counties, which resulted in 1839 in their ex- pulsion from the state. Then followed the settlement at Nauvoo, Hancock County, 111., which developed rapidly, and at one time was said to be the largest city in the state. In a few years, however, the people of the surrounding counties became hostile, and Joseph Smith and his brother, Hyrum, were killed by a mob at Carthage, 111., on the 27th of June, 1844. After the death of Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, as president of the Council of Twelve, was chosen •president of the church. A number, however, refused his leadership, and there followed a period of confusion, several organizations being formed, one of which is known today as the "Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints."

After the death of Joseph Smith in 1844, Brigham Young be- came president of the church, and three years later led a general migration of believers from Illinois to the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, the present headquarters of the branch known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. From this point as a center, the church has extended until it is represented in a large proportion of the states of the Union.

The comparative isolation Of the new location gave less occa- sion for such disturbances as had hitherto accompanied the his- tory of the church, and permitted a more normal development of the community life. Active proselyting was carried on, and the number of converts increased rapidly. Brigham Young died in 1877 and

108 Year Book of the Churches

was succeeded by John Taylor, who held the office of president for ten years. His successors in office have been Wilford Woodruff, Lorenzo Snow, Joseph F. Smith, and Heber J. Grant.

Doctrine

The doctrines of the Latter Day ^Saints as set forth bv the first president, Joseph Smith, and accepted by both bodies, may be sum- marized as follows:

They hold in the main the body of Christian doctrine commonly accepted. Peculiar or special beliefs may be noted, as that the same organization that existed in the primitive church continues today — apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, etc.; there is also the same gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions, healing, in- terpretation of tongues, etc.; the Bible, so far as it is translated cor- rectly, and the Book of Mormon, are both regarded as the Word of God; there have been, and will be, many revelations of great and important things pertaining to the Kingdom of God; there will be a literal gathering of Israel and the restoration of the Ten Tribes; Zion will be built on this continent; Christ will reign personally upon the earth, which will be renewed and receive its paradisaical glory.

Polity

The ecclesiastical organization is based upon the priesthood, which is "the power delegated to man by virtue of which he has authority to act or officiate in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ as His representative." Its two grand divisions are the Melchizedek, or higher priesthood; and the Aaromc, or lesser priesthood. The Mel- chizedek priesthood is so called after Melchizedek, the king of Salem. It holds the power of presidency and the right of authority over all the offices of the church. Its officers are apostles, patriarchs, high priests, seventies, and elders. The Aaronic priesthood holds the keys of authority in the temporal affairs of the church, and its officers are bishops, priests, teachers, and deacons.

The chief or presiding council (quorum) of the church is the first presidency, which: consists of three high priests — a president and two counselors or advisers — its jurisdiction and authority are uni- versal, extending over all the affairs of the church in both temporal and spiritual things. The president of the church is regarded as the mouthpiece of God to the church, and as alone receiving the law for the church through revelation. The first presidency is also the presidency of the high priesthood, and has the right to officiate in all the offices of the church.

The second council (quorum) of the church, standing next to the first presidency, is composed of the twelve apostles. It is their duty, under the direction of the first presidency, to supervise the work of the church in all the world, and especially the missionary labors, to ordain evangelical ministers, and to act as special witnesses to the world of the divine mission of the Saviour Jesus Christ.

The patriarchs are evangelists who hold the right to bless the members of the church with the blessings of prophecy, as was done by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and the early patriarchs. They are un- der the direction of the first presidency and are presided over by the patriarch of the church. The high priests hold the power of presi- dency in the stakes of Zion (or districts), under the direction of the first" presidency in their respective stakes and congregations (par- ishes) in administering in spiritual things. The seventies are the missionaries of the church and labor in the world under the direc- tion of the twelve apostles. They are organized into companies of 70 each, under 7 presidents who preside over all the companies* The elders assist the high priests in their duties in the stakes. All the

Directory of Religious Bodies 109

members of the Melchizedek priesthood have authority under the di- rection of the first presidency to officiate in all the ordinances of the gospel. The labors of the twelve apostles and of the seventies are •principally in the world outside the regular church organization, while the labors of the patriarchs, high priests, and elders are con- fined principally to their respective stakes and congregations.

The presiding council (quorum) of the Aaronic priesthood is the presiding bishopric, consisting of three bishops, who have jurisdiction over all the offices of the Aaronic priesthood in temporal affairs and under the direction of the first presidency.

The general authorities are those presiding officers who have gen- eral direction of the whole church or of any general division. Thus the first presidency is the presiding council (quorum) over the whole church. The apostles have jurisdiction over the whole church under the direction of the first presidency, but more especially over the mis- sionary enterprises. The presiding patriarch presides over all the patriarchs. The First Seven Presidents of seventy preside over all seventies. The presiding bishopric presides over all the lesser priest- hood of the church.

EEORGANIZED CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER

DAY SAINTS

General Conference, biennial.

Headquarters, Independence, Missouri, Box 255

Four stakes, 75 state or district conferences in the United States, and 25 district conferences in foreign countries.

General Officers : Pres., Frederick M. Smith ; First Counselor, Elbert A Smith , Pres. of Quorum of Twelve Apostles, James A. Gillen; Pres. Bishop, Benjamin R McGuire; Sec , E. S Sal- yards; Recorder, F. A. Russell; Historian, Walter W. Smith.

DEPARTMENT OF SUNDAY SCHOOL. Supt., A. M. Carmichael, Lamoni, la.; See., E. D. Moore, Independence, Mo.

DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND EXPRESSION. Supt., T. W. Wil- liams, Independence, Mo. ; Sec.. Miss Hazel Dexter, Independence, Mo.

WOMAN'S DEPARTMENT. Supt., Dora P. Glines, Independence, Mo.

Colleges

Name Location President

Graceland College . . . Lamoni, Iowa . . .G. N. Bnggs.

Independence Institute of Arts and

Sciences . . Independence, Mo. . Walter W. Smith.

Periodicals

Saints' Herald (weekly), Independence, Mo.; Zion's Ensign (weekly), Independence, Mo.; Autumn Leaves (monthly), Independ- ence, Mo.; Journal of History (quarterly), Independence, Mo.

History

The death of Joseph Smith in 1844 was followed by the devel- opment of several factions among the Latter Day Saints, one of the strongest of which, led by Brigham Young, drew to itself a portion of the original church membership, and settled in Salt Lake City, Utah. Other organizations held for a time, but the great majority of the members were scattered, and their descendants still remain throughout the Mississippi Valley. Some of these scattered members, together with some congregations that had preserved their identify, effected a partial reorganization in Wisconsin in 1852, which was

110 Year Book of the Churches

afterwards completed under the name, "Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints," and which claims to be the true and lawful continuation of and successor to the original Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. A few years later, 1860, they were •joined by Joseph Smith, the son of the prophet, who identified him- self with this organization, and was presiding officer until his death in 1914, when he was succeeded by his son. Subsequently the head- quarters were removed to Independence, Mo., where they are at present.

Doctrine and Polity

The general doctrine and polity of the Reorganized Church is set forth in the preliminary statement of Latter Day Saints.

The Reorganized Church repudiates the revelation of plural mar- riage and maintains "that marriage is ordained of God ; that the law of God provides for but one companion in wedlock for either man or woman, except in cases of death or where the contract is broken by transgression; consequently, that the doctrines of plurality and community of wives are heresies and are opposed to the law of God."

LITHUANIAN NATIONAL CATHOLIC CHURCH

Address, Et. Rev. S. B. Mickicwiez, Wostville, 1U. History

The Lithuanian National Catholic Church of America was or- ganized by the Rt. Rev. S. B. Mickiewiez, and is in connection, though not ecclesiastically, with the Old Roman Catholic Church. It repre- sents the immigration to the United States from the Baltic Prov- inces— Lithuanian, Polish and Slavic — and includes a number of communities in general sympathy with the movement of the Old Catholic churches against the dogma of papal infallibility. In com- mon with the Old Catholic churches, the Lithuanian Church accepts the first seven general councils and uses the Niceno-Constantinopol- itan creed. The liturgy is Latin, but the services are conducted for each race in its own language. The supreme ecclesiastical authority is vested in a synod. It maintains a seminary which prepares stu- dents for the priesthood of the church.

LUTHERANS

GENEBAL STATEMENT

History

Shortly after the Reformation there were Lutheran settlements in Florida and South America. Lutherans with the French colonies under General Ribaut and Rene de Laudonniere came to Florida in 1562 and 1564, establishing the forts on the St. John's River. These were attacked in 1565 by Pedro Menendez, General of the fleet of the King of Spain, who stated that he had come to this country "to hang and behead all Lutherans." Asking the colonists the question: "Are you Catholics or Lutherans?" He received the answer, "Luth- erans of the New Religion." Menendez succeeded in destroying the fort of the colonists, hanging his prisoners on trees. He placed over them the inscription, "I do this not as to Frenchmen but as to Lutherans."

It appears that the first Lutheran pastor to come to America and the first to die here was Rasmus Jensen, a Dane. He came on the ill-fated Jens Monk Expedition to discover the Northwest Pas- sage. He set sail on May 16, 1619, and entered the Hudson Bay

Directory of Religious Bodies 111

about July 1st of that year. He died February 23, 1620, after having regularly conducted Lutheran services from September, 1619, until January, 1620.

The earliest Lutherans to settle permanently in North America came from Holland to Manhattan Island in 1623. For years they had great difficulty in establishing their own forms of worship be- cause of instructions issued by the authorities of Holland to the Governor of New Amsterdam "to encourage no other doctrine in New Netherlands than the true Reformed.0 The Dutch and German Lutherans organized a congregation in 1648, and 1653 requested the authorities to grant them permission to call a Lutheran pastor, but they received a curt refusal from Governor Peter Stuyvesant. But the Lutherans were not intimidated. When Stuyvesant denied their request for a Lutheran pastor, they appealed to the authorities over- seas. The Lutherans persisted in their demand and held religious services in houses, without a minister. February 1, 1656, Stuyvesant's "Ordinance against Conventicles" was posted, imposing penalties of £100 Flemish for the preaching, and £25 for every attendant at the service. As a result, a number were cast into prison. Because of the edict and all his harsh treatment of the Lutherans, Stuyvesant was rebuked by the authorities in Holland. This resulted in an appeal to the Lutheran Consistory of Amsterdam for a minister. In July, 1657, Rev. John Ernest Gutwasser arrived to minister to the two con- gregations in New York and Albany. Governor Stuyvesant ordered him not to preach even in a private house. Gutwasser, however, be- gan to preach, although he was not allowed to assume charge of the congregations, and was finally compelled to yield and to return to Holland in 1659.

The second Lutheran pastor to arrive on Manhattan Island while the Dutch were in power was Abelius Zetskorn, whom Stuyvesant di- rected to the Dutch settlement of New Amstel (New Castle on the Delaware). When the Dutch, however, were called upon to sur- render Manhattan to the English, in 1664, according to the procla- mation of the Duke of York, the Lutherans were granted religious liberty along with the Reformed. In 1669 Jacob Fabricius was sent over by the Lutheran Consistory of Amsterdam to minister to the Lutherans of New York and Albany. In 1671, Arensius was sent over and served the Lutherans of New York and Albany until 1691, the time of his death. In 1702, Pastor Rudman, a Swede from Penn- sylvania, cared for these congregations. He was succeeded by Jus- tus Falkner, who was the first Lutheran minister ordained m Amer- ica, November 24, 1703, in the Swedish Gloria Dei Lutheran Church of Wicacoa. Pastors Rudman, Bioerck and Sandel participated in this first Luthern ordination in America.

Rev. Joshua Kocherthal arrived with 51 Palatinates the first of January, 1709. They formed the first German Lutheran congregations in the State of New York. After spending the winter in New York City, they settled on the right bank of the Hudson, where Newburgh is now located. Kocherthal returned to London July, 1709, and came back to America in Jan- uary, 1710, with a multitude of immigrants in eleven ships, 2,200 Palatinates being thus settled on the Hudson at East and West Camp.

The first independent colonies of Lutherans were established on the Delaware in 1638 by the Swedes.

• Pastor Reorus Torkillus was the first Lutheran minister to set- tle in the territory of the United States. He arrived in 1639 and held services in Fort Christina. He served this Lutheran Colony in America until the time of his death, December 7, 1643. His work was continued by John Campanius, who arrived in America Feb- ruary 16, 1643. Three years later, 1646, he dedicated the first Luth-

112 Year Book of the Churches

eran Church in America at Christina (Wilmington)* Here he trans- lated "Luther's Small Cathechism" into the language of the Dela- ware Indian (Lutheri Catechismus "Ofwersatt pa American-Vir- giniske Spraket." Stockholm Tryekt uthi thet af Kongi Maytt privelig, Burchardi Trycken, af J. J. Genath/f Anno MDCXCVI, p. 160) some years before the appearance of Eliot's Indian Bible, Campanius returned to Sweden in 1648, leaving his church of 200 people in charge of Lars Lock, who was succeeded by Jacob Fabricius,

Campanius learned the language of the red men and became the first Protestant missionary among the North American Indians, The Indian Catechism of Campanius antedated Eliot's Indian Bible in practical use. Eliot's Bible was not printed until 1661, and Cam- panius' was not put into print until 1696; however written copies were used up to that time.

In the South, the Lutheran Church was planted in Georgia by a colony of 1,200 Saltzburgers who landed at Savannah, March 10, 1734. This colony was led by Pastor John Martin Bolzms and Israel Chris- tian Gronau. Governor Oglethorpe led the immigrants 23 miles northwest of Savannah, wbere they erected a monument of stones where now stands the Ebenezer Church. Seven years later, 1741, the Church of Jerusalem was built The descendants of these Saltz- burgers still maintain flourishing churches in Effingham County, Georgia.

Various congregations were organized in and around Philadel- phia, with here and there an organization in New York, Pennsyl- vania, Delaware and Maryland from 1643 to 1710. The earliest min- isters that visited the Germans in Pennsylvania were the Swedish r>astors on the Delaware. The first Lutheran service held in Penn- sylvania was held in Germantown in 1694. Among the Pioneer German ministers working in Pennsylvania was Daniel Falkner. He labored in Pennsylvania from 1700 to 1708, organizing the oldest German Lutheran congregation in America in 1703 at New Han- over, Pa., this being undoubtedly the first point where permanent organization was formed among the German Lutherans in Pennsyl- vania. Another pioneer in Pennsylvania was Anthony Jacob Henkel ('known as Gerhardt) who came to America in 1717, serving the con- gregation at New Hanover from 1717 to 1720,, and then again from 1723 to 1728* He is supposed to have traveled on horseback to the Germans in Virginia and also to have visited all the German Luth- eran settlements near his home in New Hanover.

Pastor Henfcel was succeeded by John Casper Stoeyer, Sr., and John Casper Stoever, Jr. Most of the missionary work is attributed to John Casper Stoever, Jr. Wherever the Germans settled he held services for them and encouraged them to build regular churches. He was in America fourteen years before Muehlenberg came.

John Christian Schultz arrived in America in 1732 and showed his organizing ability and business-like method in doing his work. In some respects he did more to prepare the way for Muehlenberg than any one else. As the result of letters written by congregations of Philadelphia, New Providence and New Hanover, Pastor Henry Melchior Muehlenberg was called to America, arriving September 23, 1742. He landed at Charleston and visited Bolzius and the Saltz- burgers at Ebenezer and arrived in Philadelphia November 25, 1742. His name is linked forever with the beginning of organized Lutheran- ism in America. He became the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America, his work being to bring the primitive congregations into order, to infuse into them a strong piety and true church life, to provide them with good pastors, to introduce schools for the education of children, and to establish and preserve the Christian home. Muehlenberg activities included New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania

Directory of Religious Bodies 118

and Maryland. By the middle of the 18th century Pennsylvania con- tained about 30,000 Lutherans, four-fifths being German and one- fifth Swedes. On August 26, 1748, Muehlenberg, with six other min- isters and lay-delegates of free congregations, organized the Synod of Pennsylvania, the first Lutheran Synod in this country. This was the most important event in the history of the American Lutheran Church in the 18th century. It was followed by the organization of the New York Synod in 1786, the Synod of North Carolina in 1803, the Synod of Ohio in 1818. The General Synod was formed at Hagerstown, Md. The extraordinary growth of the Lutheran Church in America was due primarily to Lutheran immigration, and to the activity on the part of the different Synods to reach all new immigrants. Dur- ing the 19th century these immigrants, in large numbers, came to America, establishing German, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, Finnish and other language settlements, largely in the central, north- western and western parts of America. At the same time they estab- lished their churches and schools for religious instruction. A number of independent Synods were formed, each adapted to the peculiar con- dition of language, previous ecclesiastical relation, and geographic location. However, as the churches came into closer fellowship, the distinctive features tended to fade out and the small Synods became absorbed in others. The movements for union have resulted in the organization of the Synodical Conference, the Norwegian Lutheran Church in America, the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Wisconsin and other States, and the United Lutheran Church in America. In addition, in 1918 there was formed the National Lutheran Council, which is not a Synod or a church body, but an association of church bodies or Synods through their duly appointed representatives.

The Lutherans of the United States believe firmly in the separa- tion of Church and State, in keeping the Church out of politics, and, in loyalty to the government. This is in harmony with the funda- mental confession of the Lutheran Church — The Augsburg of 1530,

Doctrine

The Lutherans of the United States and Canada accept the Canonical Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments as the inspired Word of God and as the only infallible rule and standard of faith and practice. They accept and confess the three ecumenical creeds: namely, the Apostles, the Nicene, and the Athanasian. They accept and hold the unaltered Augsburg Confession as the correct exhibition of the faith and doctrine of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, founded upon the Word of God. None reject any of the other Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, namely, the Apology of the Augsburg Confession, the Smalcald Articles, the Large and Small Catechisms of Luther, and the Formula of Concord. Many accept all of these. All accept and use Luther's Small Catechism.

Polity

In form of worship the Lutheran Church in the United States and Canada is liturgical. Religious education is emphasized. Thorough catechetical instruction is given preparatory to confirmation.

In the Lutheran Church the Congregation is the unit of organi- zation. The internal affairs of the Congregation are administered by the church council and the pastor. The council is elected by, and accountable to, the congregation. The pastor is called by the Con- gregation and is usually ordained by the Synod.

Congregations representatively, through the pastors and the elected lay delegates, constitute the constituent synods, districts or conferences. These congregational representatives convene in the

114 Year Book of the Churches

synod, district or conference and have, within the constitutional limi- tations, the powers of the congregations themselves.

The general synodical bodies are in turn composed of representa- tives elected by the constituent synods, districts or conferences, usually upon the basis of one delegate for ten congregations. The general synodical body, therefore, represents not only the constituent synod, district or conference, but also the congregations . The authority of the congregation is thus preeminent and the judgments of the gen- eral synodical bodies become the judgments of the Church.

The constituent synods, districts or conferences meet annually. The general bodies meet annually, biennially or tnennially.

NATIONAL LUTHERAN COUNCIL

This is not a Synod or a Church Body, but an association of Church Bodies through their duly appointed representatives. It is an agency through which general Bodies or Synods of the Lutheran Church cooperate under regulations guaranteeing to each the rights, privileges, and immunities of a free Church Body. "It is the right of the Bodies themselves to determine the extent of cooperation." Its most important work, since its or- ganization in 1918, lias been that done in behalf of European relief, for statistics, publicity, and representation. A full ac- count of the organization may be found in The Lutheran World Almanac and Annual Encyclopedia for 1921 (pp. 493-503), published by authority of the Council. The Bodies cooperating in the Council are indicated by an asterisk (*).

Annual meeting

Officers: Pres, Eev. C H. L. Schuotte, 62 Wilson Ave , Columbus, Ohio; Acting Exec Sec., Eev J. A Morchcad, 437 Fifth Ave , New York City; Treas , Hon E. F. Eilert, 437 Fifth Ave , N. Y. C. , Sec , Rev Peter Peterson, 1434 Rascher Ave , Chicago, 111.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Chr., Rev. Peter Peterson, Rev. C. H. L. Schuette, Hon. E. F. Eilert, Rev. G. A. Brandelle, Rev. I. Gertsen, Prof. Chas. M. Jacobs, Rev. H. G. Stub and Rev. H. A. Weller.

COMMITTEE ON STATISTICS AND ALMANAC: Chr., Prof. 0. M. Norlie, Luther College, Decor ah. Iowa : Statistician, Rev. G. L. Kieif er, 437 Fifth Ave., N. Y. C.

COMMITTEE FOR LUTHERAN BUREAU, 437 Fifth Avenue, New York City; Chr t Mr. George D. Boschen; Mr. Charles H. Dahmer; Sec. and Dir.t Rev. Howard R Gold; Librarian, Prof. 0. M. Norhe; Reference Librarian, Rev. G. L. Kieffer.

*THE UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH IN AMERICA

The United Lutheran Church in America is the consumma- tion of the historic development of Lutheran churches of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. For a full century the churches were without synodical organization. The beginning was made in this direction in 1748, when, under the leadership of Henry Melehior Muehlenberg, the Mmisterium (Synod) of Penn- sylvania was organized Three general bodies of Lutherans

Directory of Religious Bodies 115

which, grew out of the churches of the colonial period came to- gether in 1918 in the City of New York and merged into "The United Lutheran Church in America/' These were The General Synod, The General Council and The United Synod in the South.

The body is composed of thirty-six constituent synods, thirty-two of which are in the United States and four in Can- ada It conducts missions in India, Africa, Japan, South Amer- ica and the West India Islands.

Officers : Pres., Rev. F. H. Knubel, 437 Fifth Ave., New York City ; Sec , Eev. M. G. G. Scherer, 437 Fifth Ave., New York City; Treas., Mr. E. Clarence Miller, 410 Chestnut Street, Phila- delphia, Pa.

EXECUTIVE BOARD (ALSO TRUSTEES). The officers with twelve other members elected by the Convention.

COMMISSION OF ADJUDICATION. Pres., Rev. H. E. Jacobs, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec., Rev. Holmes Dysmger, 1634 N. Nye Ave., Fremont, Nebr.

BOARD OP FOREIGN MISSIONS . Pres., Rev. E. K. Bell, 821 W. Lan- vale St., Baltimore Md.; Gen. Sees., Rev. L. B. Wolf, 18 E. Mt. Vernon Place, Baltimore, Md., Rev. George Drach, 18 E. Mt. Vernon Place, Baltimore, Md.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS AND CHURCH EXTENSION. Pres., Rev, J. E. Whitteker, 1630 S. llth Ave., Maywood, 111.; Gen. Sec.-Treas., Rev. H. H. Weber, Security Bldg., York, Pa.; Ed. Sec., Rev. A. S. Hartman, 914 N. Carrollton Ave., Baltimore, Md.; Dis. Supts , Rev. L C. Hoffman, 319 E. Walnut Lane, Philadelphia, Pa., Rev. J. F. Sei- bert, 159 N. State St., Chicago, 111., Rev. A. D. R. Hancher, 1647 West Grace St., Richmond, Va.

BOARD OF NORTHWESTERN MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. Emil C. J. Kraehng, 132 Henry St., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Sec., Rev. G. A. Benze, 118 W. 23 St., Erie Pa.; Treas., Rev. H. D. E. Siebott, 2502 N. 27th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

IMMIGRANTS MISSION BOARD. Pres., Rev. W. M. Rehrig, 321 South St., Mauch Chunk, Pa.; Sec., Rev. Frank E. Jensen, 437 Fifth Ave., New York City; Treas., Mr. H. E. Young, Keystone and Glen- dale Aves., Bethlehem, Pa.; Supt , Rev. A. L. Ramer, 30 S. Jefferson St., Allentown, Pa.

WEST INDIES MISSION BOARD. Pres., Rev. H. W. A. Hanson, 2037 N. Second St., Harrisburg, Pa.; See., Mr. H. F. Heuer, 115 Gowen Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., Mr. S. F. Telleen, Chase Natl. Bank, New York City; Ex. See., Rev. Zenan M. Corbe, 3120 N. Park Ave., Phil- adelphia, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON JEWISH MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. F. 0. Evers, 228 N. Franklin' St., Philadelphia, Pa.; See., Rev. Arthur C. Carty, 256 S. Farragut Terrace, Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., Mr. Charles J. Fite, 213 First Ave., Bakewell Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Rev. Alonzo J. Turkic, Stock Ave. and Arch St., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Rec. Sec., Rev. H. R. Gold, 15 Gramercy Park, New York City; Treas., Mr. J. M. Snyder, Elkms Park, Pa.; Exec. Sec., Rev. F. G. Gotwald, 47 E. Market St., York, Pa.

INNER MISSION BOARD. Pres., Rev. E. F. Bachmann, 2100 S. College Ave, Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec. and Treas., Rev. Wm. Freas, 437 Fifth Ave., New York City.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION. Pres., Prof. . P. Sadtler, 210 S. 13th St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec., Rev. N. R. Melhorn, 4720 Warrington Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., Mr. E. G. Hoover, Harrisburg, Pa ;"

116 Year Book of the Churches

Business Mgr., Mr. Grant Hultberg, S. E. cor. Ninth and Sansom Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF. Pres., Rev. A. Pohlman, 5143 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Executive Sec., Rev. E. G. Miller, 701 N. W. cor. 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., Mr. J. H. Brandt, 1131 S. 46th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

PARISH AND CHURCH SCHOOL BOARD. Pres., Rev. C, P. Wiles, Ninth and Sansom Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec., Rev. W. L. Hunton, Ninth and Sansom Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., H. M. M. Rich- ards, Esq., Lebanon, Pa.; Field Sec., Rev. D. Burt Smith, 6086 Ches- ter Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

BOARD OF DEACONESS WORK. Pres, Rev. L. M. Zimmerman, 421 Hanover St., Baltimore, Md.; Sec., Rev. C. E. Hay, 2500 W. North Ave,, Baltimore, Md.; Treas., F. J. Singley, Esq., 2429 W. North Ave., Batlimore, Md.

NATIONAL LUTHERAN HOME FOR THE AGED. Pres., Rev. John Weidley, 233 Second St. S. E., Washington, D. C.; Rec. Sec., Rev. J. T. Huddle, 738 Eleventh St. N. W., Washington, D. C.; Cor. Sec., Mr. W. H. Fmckel, 918 F St. N. W., Washington, D. C.; Treas., Mr. H. T. Domer, 727 Fifteenth St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

COMMITTEE ON CHURCH PAPERS. Chmn, Rev. J. A. Singmaster, Gettysburg, Pa.; Sec., Rev. H. Offerman, 7206 Boyer St., Philadelphia, Pa.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. Chmn., Mr. J. L. Clark, Ashland, Ohio; Sec., Mr. A. D. Chiquoine, 1524 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

STATISTICAL AND CHURCH YEAR BOOK. Chmn., Rev. G H. Schnur, 709 E. llth St., Erie, Pa.; Statistical Secretary of the United Luth- eran Church, Rev. G. L. Kieffer, 437 Fifth Ave., New York City.

COMMITTEE ON COMMON SERVICE BOOK. Chmn., Rev. J. A. Sing- master, Gettyburg, Pa.; Sec., Rev. L. D. Reed, 7132 Chew St., Mt. Airy, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON CHURCH Music. Chmn., Rev. J. F. Ohl, 826 S. St. Bernard St., Philadelphia, Pa.

COMMITTEE OF CONFERENCE ON SPECIAL LINGUISTIC INTERESTS. Chmn., Rev. E. C. J. Kraeling, 132 Henry St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

COMMITTEE ON LUTHERAN BROTHERHOODS. Chmn., Rev. J. W. Kapp, 1208 Race St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

COMMITTEE ON WOMEN'S WORK. Chmn., Rev. W. D. C. Keitcr, 1502 Locust St , Philadelphia, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON ASSOCIATIONS OF YOUNG PEOPLE. Sec., Harry Hodges, 427 Drexel Bldg, Philadelphia, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON WORK AMONG BOYS. Chmn., Rev. C. P. Harry, 210 W. Fornance St., Nornstown, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON MORAL AND SOCIAL WELFARE. Chmn., Rev. E. P. Pfatteicher, 527 Washington St., Reading, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON EVANGELISM. Chmn., Rev. J. C. Seegers, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. Chmn., Rev. J. F. Ohl, 826 S. St. Bernard St., Philadelphia, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON PUBLICITY. Chmn., Rev. H. R. Gold, 15 Gramercy Park, New York City.

COMMITTEE ON NECROLOGY. Chmn., Rev. J. H. Orr, 14 Fulton St., Philhpsburg, N. J.

COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION. Chmn., Mr. Harvey C. Mil- ler, 3214 N. Board St., Philadelphia, Pa.

ARCHIVIST. Rev. L. D. Reed, 7132 Chew St., Mt. Airy, Phila- delphia, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON ARMY AND NAVY WORK. Chmn., Rev. C. D. Trex- ler, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Directory of Religious Bodies 117

COMMISSIONERS TO THE NATIONAL LUTHERAN COUNCIL. Chmn., Rev. H. A. W'eller, 1502 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa.

REPRESENTATIVE ON THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY. Rev. H. C. Alleman, Gettysburg, Pa.

WOMEN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Pres., Mrs. S. R. Kepner, 122 E. Third St., Pottstown, Pa.

LUTHER LEAGUE OF AMERICA. Pres., W. Barker, Wilkes Bar re, Pa.

THE LUTHERAN BROTHERHOOD. Pres., Charles J. Driever, 40 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.

PARENT EDUCATION SOCIETY. Pres., Rev. A. R. Wentz, Gettys- burg, Pa.

LUTHERAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Pres., Rev. F. P. Manhart, Selinsgrove, Pa.

LUTHERAN CHURCH BOOK AND LITERATURE SOCIETY. Pres., Rev. J. F. Ohl, 826 S. St. Bernard St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Colleges (For men) Nam& Location President or Dwector

Gettysburg . . Gettysburg, Pa W. A. Granville.

Wittenberg Springfield, Ohio R E. Tulloss.

Roanoke Salem, Va . C. J. Smith

Newberry Newberry, S. C . .

Susquehanna University Selmsgrove, Pa.

Muehlenberg ..... Allentown, Pa. Thiel . . . Greenville, Pa.

.S. J. Derrick. .C. T. Aikens.

J. A. W. Haas.

Carl A Sundberg.

Carthage Carthage, 111 H. D. Hoover.

President or Dean

Wagner Memorial Staten Island, N. Y A H. Holthusen.

Midland ... .... Fremont, Neb J. F. Krueger.

Lenoir . Hickory, N. C J C Peery

Weidner Institute Mulberry, Ind W. C. Davis.

Lutheran Saskatoon, Sask , Can H. W. Harms.

Waterloo Waterloo, Ont., Can . E. Hoffman.

(For women)

Mont Amoena Seminary Mt. Pleasant, N. C J. H. C. Fisher.

Marion College Mai ion, Va C. B. Cox.

Lankenau School Philadelphia, Pa E. F. Bachmann.

Surnmerland College Leesville, S. C . . . .P. E. Monroe.

Theological Seminaries

Hartwick Seminary Hartwick Seminary, N. Y..M. G L Reitz.

Theological Seminary Gettysburg, Pa . J. A. Singmaster.

Southern Lutheran Theological

Seminary Columbia, S. C A. G Voigt.

Hamma Divinity School Springfield, Ohio V. G. A. Tiessler

School of Theology . . . Selmsgrove, Pa F. P. Manhart.

Lutheran Theological Seminary . . Philadelphia, Pa H. E. Jacobs.

Chicago Lutheran Theological

Seminary Maywood, 111 J E Whitteker.

Western Seminary Fremont, Neb H. Dysinger.

Lutheran Theological Seminary Waterloo, Ont., Can.. .. E. Hoffman.

Pacific Theological Seminary .... Seattle, Wash J. C. Kunzman.

Mnrtm Luther Seminary Lincoln, Neb. .. .....F. Wupper.

Northwestern Lutheran Theological

Seminary Minneapolis, Minn J. Stump.

Saskatoon Seminary Saskatoon, Can. . . H. W. Harms

Periodicals

The Lutheran (weekly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, Rev. G. W. Sandt, Lutherischer Herold, (weekly), Philadelphia, Pa. Editor, E. E. Ortlepp; The Canada Lutheran (monthly), Kingston, Ont., Canada, Editor, Rev. J. F. Bermon; The Foreign Missionary (monthly), Baltimore, Md., Editor, Rev. G. Drach; Lutheran Church Review (quarterly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, Seminary Faculty; Lutheran

118 Year Book of the Churches

Church Year Book (annually), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, Rev. W. M. Kopenhaver; Der Luther is che Kalender (annually), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, Rev. R. Neumann; The Young Lutheran (monthly), Green- ville, Pa., Editor, Rev. T. B. Roth; The Lutheran Quarterly, Gettys- burg, Pa., Editor, Rev. J. A. Singmaster; Orphans' Home Echoes (monthly), Loysville, Pa., Editor, Mr. C. A. Widle; Orphans' Home Paper (monthly), Topton, Pa., Editor, Rev. J. 0. Henry; Chicago Lutheran Advocate (monthly), Chicago, 111., Editor, Rev. G. P. Lottish; Lutheran Woman's Work (monthly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, Mrs. J. F. Seebach; Luther League Review (monthly), New York City, Editor, Mr. Harry Hodges; Publications for Bible School (quarterly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editors, Rev. C. P. Wiles and Rev. "W. L. Hunton; The Messenger (Orphans' Home) (monthly), Salem, Va., Editor, Rev. E. W. Leslie.

*JOINT SYNOD OF OHIO

Organized at Somerset, Ohio, September, 1818. Now com- posed of twelve districts — ten in the United States, one in Can- ada and one in Australia.

Synod, biennial ; next meeting, August 1924

Officers: Pres., Kev. C. H. L. Schuette, 62 Wilson Ave.. Co- lumbus, Ohio; First Vice-Pres., Bev. C. C. Hein, 404 S. Third St., Columbus, Ohio; Second Vice-Pres., Eev. M. P. F. Doer- mann, Blue Island, 111.; German Sec, Eev. A. P Meyer, 818 Franklin St., Michigan City, Ind. , English Sec , Prof. Carl Ac- kermann, 2315 Bast Main St., Columbus, Ohio; Gen. Treas., George L Conrad, 55 East Main St , Columbus, Ohio.

MISSION BOARD. Executive Officer, Rev. E. F. W. Stellhorn, 595 College Ave., Columbus, Ohio.

PUBLICATION BOARD. Chmn., Rev. J. Sheatsley, 960 Bryden Road, Columbus, Ohio; Sec., Rev. C. C. Hein, 404 S. Third St., Co- lumbus, Ohio; Bus. Mngr., Rev. A. H. Dornbirer, 55-57 E. Main St., Columbus, Ohio.

STATISTICIAN, Prof. Carl Ackermann, 2315 E. Main St , Co- lumbus, Ohio.

BOARD OF WERNLE ORPHANS' HOME. Pres., Rev. A. L. Nicklas; Rev. M. L. Baum, E. Holterman, L. Rogge, G. A. Cutter; George Deuker, Sec.

BOARD OF OLD FOLKS' HOME AND ORPHANS' HOME, Mars, Penn- sylvania. Pres., Rev. G. D. Simen; Sec., Rev. C. F. W. Brecht; Rev. Adolf Ebert, Otto Mayer, Hon. N. Hogue, Walter Demler.

BOARD OF OLD FOLKS' HOME, Springfield, Minn. Pres., Rev. P. H. Haupt; Sec., Rev. W. Striepe; Rev. H. Pfeiffer, Mr. Ferd. Kettner, Mr. E. Bauch.

BOARD OF AIDS. Pres., Rev. J. M. Johanssen; Sec., Prof. C. Vogel; Rev. C. Bez, Rev. C. H Althoff, Mr J. Michelf elder, Mr. J. E. Niemann, Teacher F. Wiechert.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, 57 East Main St., Columbus, Ohio. Pres., Prof. E. Pfeiffer; Sec., Rev. J. H. Schneider.

Educational Institutions

Name Location President

Capital University Columbus, Ohio . .Otto Mees.

Luther Seminary St. Paul, Minn. , . ..K Hemmmghaus.

Wood ville Normal School .Woodville, Ohio W. Nordsieck.

Hebron Academy ,. . . Hebron, Neb W. Hieronymus.

Directory of Religious Bodies 119

Name Location

Theological Seminary . . Columbus, Ohio . Otto Mees.

Luther Theological Seminary St Paul, Minn. .. .H Ernst, Dean.

St. John's Academy Petersburg W Va A. E. Krause

Luther Academy Melville, Can. H. Schmidt.

Periodicals

Lutheran Standard (weekly), Editor, Rev. J. Sheatsley; Luth- erische Kirchen-Zeitung (weekly), Editor, Prof. R. C. H. Lenski; Lutheran Youth (weekly), Editor, Prof. C. B. Gohdes. All Lutheran Book Concern, 57 E. Mam St., Columbus, Ohio.

IOWA SYNOD

Organized 1854.

General Synod, meets triennially , next meeting, Clinton, la , August, 1923.

Officers : Pres., Eev. F. Eiehter, Clinton, la ; Vice-Pres , Rev. G-. A. Fandrey, Chicago, 111. ; Sec., Eev. F Braun Hosmer, S. Dak. ; Treas., Eev. J. Haefner, Muscatine, la.

HOME MISSION BOARD. Pres., Prof. K. Ermisch, Waverly, la. BOAIBD OF PUBLICATION. Pres, Rev. S. Fuchs, Janesville, Wis. LUTHER LEAGUE AND SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD. Pres., Rev. M. Reu. FOREIGN MISSION BOARD. Pres., Rev. R. Taeuber, Tnpp, S. D. CHURCH EXTENSION BOARD. Pres., Rev. H. Pritschel, Milwau- kee, Wis.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Rev. M. Reu, Dubuque, la. FINANCE BOARD. Pres., Rev. F. Richter, Clinton, la.

Colleges and Theological Seminaries

Name Location President

Wartburg Theological Seminary . . . Dubuque, Iowa . M Fntschel.

Wartburg College . . Clinton, Iowa . . O Proehl

Wartburg Normal and Pro-seminary Waverly, Iowa A. Engelbrecht.

Luther College . . . Eureka, S. D. G Sandrack.

Lutheran College . . . . .Segum, Tex. . .C Weeber.

Periodicals

Kirchliche Zeitschrift, Editor, Rev. M. Reu; Kirchenblatt, Edi- tor, Rev. F. Richter; Lutheran Herald (b-weekly) Editor, Rev. E, H. Rausch; Jugendblatt, Editor, Rev. G. Weng>; Die Missionsstunde (monthly), Editor, Rev. C. Taubert; The Lutheran Missionary (monthly), Editor, Prof. G. J. Zeilinger, Dubuque, la.; Anstaltsbote (monthly), Editor, Rev. H. Foelsch; Lutherischer Weisenfreund, Edi- tors, Rev. F. Henkelmann, Rev. E. W. Matzner; Wartburg Kalen- dar (annually), Editor, Rev. A. Pilger, (All published at Chi- cago, 111.)

^BUFFALO SYNOD

Organized 1845.

Officers: Pres, Eev. B. Nemeschy, 1661 Cleveland Ave., Niagara Falls, N. Y. ; German Sec., Prof. Eudolph Grabau, 154 Maple St., Buffalo, N. Y. ; English Sec., Eev. H. C. Leupold, 41 Schreck St., Buffalo, N. T.; Treas., John H Paasch, 184 Goodell St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Theological Seminary

Name Location President

Martin Luther Seminary Buffalo, N. Y R. F, W. Grabau

120 Year Book of the Churches

Periodical

Wachende Kir die (semi-monthly), Pittsburgh, Pa, Editor, Rev. K. A. Hoessel, Milwaukee, Wis.

*JEHOVAH CONFERENCE

Organized 1893.

Annual meeting.

Officers: Pres., Rev. Wilhelm Hartwig, E. 2, No. 279 High- land Park, Mich ; Vice-Pres and Sec., Rev. H. Wicke, Flat Rock, Mich.; Treas., Rev. H. Kehn, 6926 Theodore Ave., De- troit, Mich.

*AUGUSTANA SYNOD

Organized 1860.

Synod, annual.

Thirteen conferences, 3 mission districts.

Officers: Pres., Rev. G. A. Brandelle; Vice-Pres., Rev. P. A. Mattson; Sec., Rev, Jos. A. Anderson, Boxholm, la.; Treas, K. T. Anderson, Rock Island, 111.

HOME MISSION BOARD. Chmn., Rev. G. A. Brandelle; Treas., C. A. Larsen, Rock Island, 111.; English Field Sec,, Kev. C. M. Olan- der, Duluth, Minn.; Treas. for Foreign Work, Prof. C. W. Foss, Rock Island, 111.

CHINA MISSION BOARD. Chmn., Rev. 0. J. Johnson; Field Sec., Rev. F. W-. Wyman, Minneapolis, Minn.

IMMANUEL DEACONESS INSTITUTE, Omaha, N<ebr. Supt., Rev. E. G. Chinlund, Omaha; Sec. of the Board, Rev. C. F. Sandahl, Genoa, Neb.

MINISTERAL PENSION AND AID FUND. Sec. and Treas., Rev. S. A. Lindholm, Des Moines, Iowa.

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Sec., Miss May Mellander, 6253 Greenview Ave., Chicago, 111.

AUGUSTANA BOOK CONCERN, Rock Island, 111. Treas.-Mgr., A. G. Anderson.

Colleges and Theological Seminaries

Name Location P» estdent

Augustana College and Theological

Seminary Rock Island, 111 ...... . G. A. Andreen.

Gustavus Adolphus College . . St Peter, Mmn 0. J Johnson.

Bethany College Lindsborg, Kans E. F. Pihlbbad.

Luther College Wahoo, Neb A. T. Seashore.

Upsala College Kenilworth, N. J . . . C. G. Encson.

Northwestern College Fergus Fall, Mmn . ...N P. Langsjoen.

Minnesota College Minneapolis, Mmn Frank Nelson

Trinity College Round Rock, Tex Hugo B Haterms.

North Star College Wai ren, Minn C. E, Sjoestrancl

Periodicals

Augustana (weekly), Editor, Rev. L. G. Abrahamson; The Luth- eran Companion (weekly), Editor, Rev. C. J. Bengston. Both pub- lished by Augustana Book Concern, Rock Island, 111.

^NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN CHURCH

The general movement in the Lutheran bodies toward union of different Synods resulted in the organization of the Nor-

Directory of Religious Bodies 121

wegian Lutheran Church, 1917. This movement was initiated in 1905 by Hauge's Synod taking up the matter with other Nor- wegian Lutheran bodies. Three bodies form this union, namely, Hauge's Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Synod, 1846; the Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church of Amer- ica, 1853 ; and the United Norwegian Lutheran Church in Amer- ica, 1890

Annual meeting; next session, St. Paul, Minn., June, 1923.

^ Officers : Pres., Rev. H. G Stub, 425 4th St. S., Minneapolis,

Minn.; Vice-Pres., Rev. H. C. Holm, Eagle Grove, Iowa; Sec.,

Rev. N J Lohre, Mayville, N. D. ; Treas., Erik "Waldeland, 425

Fourth St. S., Minneapolis, Minn.

Church Council: Pres., Rev. H. G. Stub; Sec., Rev. H. C. Holm, Eagle Grove, la.

BOAED OF EDUCATION. Pres., Rev. H. G. Stub; Sec., Prof. L. A. Vigness, 425 Fourth St. S., Minneapolis, Minn.

BOAED OP HOME MISSIONS AND CHUKCH EXTENSION. Pres., Rev. J. H. Stenberg, 315 First Ave., E. Duluth, Minn,; See., Rev. C. S, B. Hoel, 2500 Portland Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.; Treas., Rev. Peter Tangjerd, 425 Fourth St. S., Minneapolis, Minn.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres, Rev. J. N. Sandven, Ro- land, Iowa; Rec. Sec., J. R. Birkelund, 425 Fourth St. S., Minne- apolis, Minn.; Cor. Sec., Rev. M. Saterlie, 425 Fourth St. S., Minne- apolis, Minn.; Treas., Rev. Peter Tangjerd.

BOARD OF CHARITIES. Pres., Rev. H. G. Stub; Sec., C. M. "Wes- wig, Como and Pierce Sts., St. Paul, Minn.; Gen. Sec. and Supt. of Home Finding, Rev. H. B. Kildahl, 425 Fourth St. S., Minneapolis, Minn.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Pres., 0. 0. Erling, South Side State Bank, Minneapolis, Minn.; Sec. J. 0. Estrem, 425 Fourth St. S., Minne- apolis, Minn.; Treas., Erik Waldeland.

BOARD OF PUBLICATIONS. Pres., 0. 0. Erling; Sec., Rev. K. A. ELasberg, Grantsburg, Wis.

BOARD OF PENSIONS. Pres., Prof. L. W. Boe, NprtMeld, Minn.; Sec., Rev. E. J. Strom, Watson, Minn.; Treas., Erik Waldeland.

Seminaries

Name Location President

Luther Theological Seminary . . .St. Paul, Minn. ..MO. Bockman Red Wing Pro-Seminary . . , Red Wmg, Minn. . H. E. Jorgenson.

Colleges

Luther College . Decorah, Iowa .. Oscar .L, Olson.

St. Olaf College . Northfield, Minn. L. W. Boe.

Augustana College and Normal School Sioux Falls, S. 0. . . C 0. Solberg

Concordia College . ... Moorhead, Minn . . J. A. Aasgaard.

Normal Schools

Madison Lutheran Normal ... Madieon, Minn. . E. R. Rorem.

Augustana College and Normal School Sioux Fall, S D C. O. Solberg

Canton Lutheran Normal Canton, S D J. N. Brown

Academies

Red Wing Seminary Red Wing, Minn H. E Jorgenson

Gale Lutheran College . . . Galesville, Wis. H. T. Swanson.

Central Wisconsin College Scandinavia, Wis . . A 0. B Molldrem.

Jewell Lutheran College Jewell, Iowa . . Iyer Iverson.

Spokane Lutheran College . .. Spokane, Wash ..H.P Olson.

Waldorf Lutheran College , ,. , Forest City, Iowa . C. B. Helgen..

122 Year Book of the Churches

Name Location President

Pleasant View Lutheran College Ottawa, 111. A. O Mortvedt.

Park Region Lutheran College Fergus Falls, Mmn E. Wulfsberg

Pacific Lutheran College Parkland, Wash 0 J. Ordal.

Clifton Lutheian College . Clifton, Texas C Tyssen.

Luther Academy Albert Lea, Minn Charles Fritz.

Camrose Lutheian College Camrose, Alta A H. Solheim

Outlook Lutheran College Outlook, Sask .H 0. Gronhd

Periodicals

Lutheraneren (weekly) . Editors, Rev. E. Malmm and P. Tang- jerd; Lutheran Church Herald (weekly), Editor, Rev. G. T. Lee; Teologisk Tidsknft, Editor, Rev. R. Malmin; Bamevennen, Editor, Kev. K. Kvamme; Children's Friend, Editor, Rev. John Peterson; Our Young People, Editor, Rev. John Peterson. All, 425 Fourth Street, South, Minneapolis, Minn. Famihens Magasin (monthly), N. N. Ron- nmg, Editor, 416 8th Ave. So , Minneapolis, Minn.

*LUTHEBAN FREE CHURCH

Organized 1897.

Officers- Pres.9 Rev. 0. H. Sletten, Minneapolis, Minn.; Sec., Rev. P. 0. Laurhammer, Fairdale, N. Dak. ; Treas,, Miss Ragna Sverdrup, Minneapolis, Mmn.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres.f Rev. E. E. Gynild, Wilmar, Minn.; Sec., Rev. Johan Mattspn, Minneapolis, Minn.; Treas., J. H. Blegen, Augsburg Seminary, Minneapolis, Minn.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. Christian Vtrehus; See., Rev. H. C. Caspersen, Churches Ferry, N. Dak. ; Treas., Rev. G. Vang, Minneapolis, Mmn.

Colleges and Seminaries

Name Location President

Augsburg College Minneapolis, Minn. . . .George Sverdrup, Jr.

Oak Grove Seminary Fargo, N. Dak J Fossum.

Theological Seminary Minneapolis, Mmn George Sverdrup, Jr.

Periodicals (weekly)

Folkebladet, Editor, Rev. N. C. Caspersen; Barncts Ven, Editor J. Nydahl; Lutheran Free Church Messenger, Editor, Rev. Claus Mor- gen. All, Minneapolis, Minn.

*EIELSEN SYNOD

Organized 1846.

Officers : Pres.f Eev. J 0, Blaness, South Haven, Minn. ; Sec , Eev. J. H. Stensether, 2726 18th Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. , Treas., Leonard Peterson, Centerville, S. Dak

BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Chmn., T. A. Thompson, Lodi, Wis.; P. T. Havreberg, Minneapolis, Minn.; P. 0. Peterson, Centerville, S. Dak,; 0. A. Larson, Fairchild, Wis.; Thomas Stoll, Jackson, Minn.; Ole Jacobson, Disco, Wis.; P. J. Peterson, Clear Lake, Iowa.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS. Pres., N. F. Jacobson, Dawson, Minn.; Sec., I. T. Erickson, 4529 Blasedell Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.; Treas., T. P. Thompson, Dawson, Minn.

BOARD OF CHURCH COUNCIL. Chmn., Rev. S. M. Stenby, Clear Lake, la.; Sec. J. 0, Blaness; Treas., P. J. Peterson, I. T. Erickson.

Directory of Religious Bodies 123

BOARD OP INDIAN MISSIONS. Pres., S. 0. Overby, Taylor, Wis.; Vice-Pres., Reier Skutl-ey, Taylor, Wis.; Treas., N. T. Petersen, Tay- lor, Wis.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION. Chmn., Rev. S. M. Stenby, Clear Lake, la.; Sec., Rev. J. 0. Blaness, S. Haven, Minn.; Treas., Mrs. A. L. Wiek, 2726 18th Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn.

Periodical

Den Kristelige Laegmand (monthly), Minneapolis, Minn., Edi- tor, Rev. G. 0. Blaness, South Haven, Minn.

*CHURCH OP THE LUTHERAN BRETHREN

Organized 1900.

Officers : Pres., Rev. E. H. Gunlms, 3135 18th Ave. S., Min- neapolis, Minn.; Vice-Pres., Rev. E. M. Sletta, Cooperstown, N. Dak. ; Sec., Rev. G. Stenoien, Fergus Falls, Minn. ; Treas., Otto Reed, 417 E. Hennepin Ave , Minneapolis, Minn.

BOARD OP MISSIONS, HOME AND FOREIGN. Officers same as above.

Theological Seminary

Name Location President

Lutheran Bible School . Grand Forks, N. D E. M. Broen,

Periodical

Broderbaandet (semi-monthly), Minneapolis, Minn., Editor, E. M. Broen.

^UNITED DANISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH

Organized 1896.

Officers : Pres., Rev. M. N. Andreasen, Cedar Falls, la. ; Vice- Pres , Rev. N. C. Carlsen, Royal, la.; Sec., Rev. A. "W. Lund, Minneapolis, Minn,; Treas., Otto Hansen, Blair, Nebr.

COMMITTEE OP JAPAN MISSION. Chmn., Rev. V. W. Bondo, Racine, Wis.

EDUCATIONAL BOARD. Pres., Rev. H. Bondo, Albert Lea,, Minn.

DANISH LUTHERAN PUBLISHING HOUSE, Blair, Nebr. Mgr.y K P. Hundahl.

Schools Name Location President

Dana College Blair, Neb C. X. Hansen.

Trinity Theological Seminary Blair, Neb. P. S Vig.

Elk Horn Folk High School and College Elk Horn, Iowa . ,.Kr. Auker

Brorson Folk High School Kenmare, N. D. . James Lund

Periodicals

Luthersk Ugeblad (weekly), Editor, Rev. J. C. Pedersen; The Little Lutheran (weekly), Editor, Rev. Ing. M. Anderson; Borne- bladet (weekly), Editor, Rev. J. C. Carlsen; Our Lutheran Youth, Editor, Rev. H. Bords.

^DANISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH IN AMERICA

Organized 1872, Synod, annual.

124 Year Book of the Churches

Officers : Pres , Bev S. D Rodholin, Askov, Minn ; Vice- Pres., and Sec., Rev. J. C Aaberg, Dwight, 111. , Treas , H. P. Rasmussen, 327 S La Salle St , Chicago, 111.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. A. Dan, 510 E. 64th St., Chicago, 111.; Sec., Rev. J. C. Aaberg, Dwight, 111.

Colleges

Name Location Pi esident

Ashland College Grant, Mich. . . . P. Rasmussen,

Atterdag College Solvang, Calif. . B Nordentof t.

Grand View College i , . . . Des Homes, Iowa . . C P Hojberg.

Dannebod College Tyler, Minn T Knudsen.

Nysted College Nysted, Neb Aage Mollei .

Periodicals

Bornevennen, Cedar Falls, la., Editor, Rev, M. Hoist; Danne- virke, Cedar Falls, la., Editor, Rev. M. Hoist; Kirkehg Samler, Askov, Minn., Editor, Rev. Ewald Chrestens; Ungdom, Omaha, Nebr., Editor, 0. C. Olsen.

ICELANDIC SYNOD OF NORTH AMERICA

Organized at Mountain, N. Dak., in 1885.

Meets annually ; next session, June, 1923

Officers: Pres., Rev. N. S. Thorlaksson, Selkirk, Manitoba, Can.; Sec., Eev. F. Hallgrimsson, Baldur, Manitoba, Can. ; Treas., F. Johnson, "Winnipeg, Can.

EXECUTIVE BOARD. Chmn., ex officio, The President. School

Name Location President

Jon Bjarnason Academy , . Winnipeg1, Can ... . Rev. H T. Leo.

Periodical

Sameiningin (monthly), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Can., Editor, Rev. B. B. Jonsson.

*BUOMI SYNOD

Organized at Calumet, Mich., 1890.

Officers : Pres., Eev. Alfred Haapanen, 505 Reservation St , Hancock, Mich ; Vwe-Pres., J. Wareglin, Hancock, Mich , Sec., V. Knusisto, Box 823, Crystall Falls, Mich. ; Treas., Isaac War- gelm, 808 Franklin St., Hancock, Mich.

College

Name Location President

Suomi College Hancock, Mich John Wargelm,

Periodicals

(Published by Finnish Lutheran Book Concern, Hancock, Mich.) Lannen Suometar, Editor, F. Tolonen; Amenkan Suometar (tri- weekly), Editor, J. L. Olhla; Aura (monthly), farmers' paper; Lasten Lehti (bi-monthly), children's paper, Editor, Miss Minnie Perttula; The Young People's Friend, Editor, Rev. A. Setala; Paimen Sanomia (weekly), Editor, Rev, R. Hartman; Suomi Opiston Juklajulkaisut (quarterly).

Directory of Religious Bodies 125

^FINNISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN NATIONAL CHURCH OF AMERICA

Organized at Ironwood, Mich., October, 1900.

Convention, annual.

Officers : Pres., Rev. K. E Salonen, Ironwood, Mich. ; Vice- Pres , Rev. M. Wiskari ; Sec., Rev. P. Miettmen, New York Mills, Minn.; Treas., Erick Kaiigas, Box 63, Ironwood, Mich.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The officers.

JAPAN MISSION COMMITTEE. Cfanin., Rev. M. Wiskari, Calumet, Mich.

COMMITTEE OF FINANCIAL AFFAIRS. Chmn., Erick ELangas, Iron- wood, Mich.

Theological Seminary

Name Location President

Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Seminary . Ironwood, Mich . K. E. Salonen.

Periodicals

Auttaja (weekly), Ironwood, Mich., Editor, Arne Wasunta; The Children's Friend (monthly), Ironwood, Mich., Editor, Mrs. A. Wasunta.

^FINNISH APOSTOLIC CHURCH

Organized 1872.

Convention, annual; next meeting, Ironwood, Mich., June 1923.

Officers: Pres., Rev. J. Onkka, Astoria, Ore. Adress, Rev. Charles Ojala, Astoria, Ore.

Periodical Christian Monthly, Astoria, Ore., Editor, Matt Mattson.

SYNODICAL CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA

History

In the early part of the nineteenth century an effort was made by King Frederick William III of Prussia to unite the Lutheran and Reformed Churches. To him it seemed an easy matter to combine "the two slightly divergent confessions," but with the study of the sources of confessional divergence which naturally followed, and particularly in the attempt to furnish a uniform liturgy for both bodies, old convictions were intensified, and lines of demarcation which had been gradually fading out of sight were revived. Many of the Lutherans refused absolutely to recognize the union, formed separate congregations, and carried on an active controversy against what they recognized as a gross form of ecclesiastical tyranny.

During the following twenty years the situation grew more strained and as Lutheran immigration to the United States began, several of these communities removed to this country. The first com- pany, under the leadership of the Rev. F. C. D. Wyneken, landed in Bal- timore in 1838, and settled in Fort Wayne, Ind. A second, under the leadership of the Rev. Martin Stephan, of Dresden, landed at New Orleans in 1839, and soon after established themselves in Missouri. A third, under the leadership of the Rev. J. A. A. Grabau, of Erfurt, settled at or near Buffalo, N. Y., in 1839.

One of the six clergymen who came over with the Missouri colony, the Rev. C. F. W. Walther, proved as effective a leader in the West

126 Year Book of the Churches

as Muehlenberg had earlier proved in the East. One of his first steps was the establishment of Concordia Seminary at Altenburg, Mo In 1844 he began to publish a religious periodical, the Lutheraner, which became the exponent of the stricter interpretation of Luth- eran doctrine and practice.

In 1847, 12 congregations, 22 mmisteis and 2 candidates for the ministry united in forming the "German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States." Under the constitu- tion adopted, only those ministers whose congregations had entered into membership with the Synod, and the lay delegates representing those congregations, were entitled to suffrage. All the symbolical books of the Lutheran Church (Book of Concord 1580) were re- garded as "the pure and uncorrupted explanation and statement of the Divine Word." All joint work and worship with churches of divergent profession was disapproved. Purely Lutheran books were to be used m Churches and schools. A permanent, not a temporary or licensed, ministry was affirmed, and at the same time freedom of the individual congregation was recognized, the Synod having no authority over it.

Under the leadership of Walther, the Missouri doctrine gained acceptance, and as one Synod after another was formed on the same general basis, it seemed advantageous to effect some form of union. At the time of the organization of the General Council in 1866, sev- eral of these Synods were invited to participate, but those who held the stricter doctrine could not accept the position taken by the new body. The next few years emphasized anew the advantage of union, and m 1872, in Milwaukee, Wis., the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of America was formed. Representatives of the Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States, the Synod of Ohio, the Synod of Wisconsin, the Synod of Minnesota, the Synod of Illinois, and the Norwegian Synod were present and effected the organization. The Synod of Illinois was later absorbed by the Missouri Synod; the Synod of Ohio and the Norwegian Synod withdrew in 1881, be- cause of doctrinal differences; but other Synods were added, so that at present the Synodical Conference comprises the Synod of Mis- souri, Ohio and Other States — a national body — the Synods of Wis- consin, Minnesota, Michigan, and Nebraska; the Slovak Synod and the Norwegian Synod, a new organization which has been recently admitted. Each one of these Synods conducts its own Synodical and Church work independently of the others. Their basis of union is not so much a matter of common ecclesiastical organization as of a common Church life, and particularly of doctrinal purity, and 'uni- formity of practice.

Doctrine

In doctrine the Synodical Conference recognizes but one standard, to which there must be absolute accord, namely, the Holy Scriptures as interpreted by the Book of Concord of 1580, including a text and commentary upon the three ecumenical creeds — the Apostles', the Nicene and the Athanasian — and upon the six Lutheran Confessions — • the Augsburg Confession, the Apology of the Augsburg Confession, the Smalcald Articles, Luther's Larger and Smaller Catechisms, and the Formula of Concord. This unwavering confessionalism is the most treasured possession of the Conference, and to its faithful ad- herence to this policy it attributes its remarkable growth.

Polity

In polity the Synodical Conference is pronouncedly Congrega- tional; the central representative body not being intended primarily for purposes of legislation. It concerns itself distinctively with the establishment and maintenance of colleges, normal schools, and char-

Directory of Religious Bodies 127

itable institutions and with the administration of missions. Its fore- most duty is, however, the preservation of scriptural doctrine in its purity,

OEGANIZATION

Includes the four synods mentioned below.

Synodical Conference, biennial.

Officers: Pres., Rev. C. Gausewitz, 620 Broadway, Milwau- kee, Wis, ; Vice-Pres , Prof. L Fuerbringer, 2619 Winnebago St., St. Louis, Mo. ; Sec., Eev. H M Zorn, 717 S. New Jersey St , In- dianapolis, Ind ; Treas., Albert Gruett, 108 Cottage St., Merrill, Wis.

BOARD OF COLOKED MISSIONS, St. Louis, Mo. Pres., Rev. C. F. Drewes, 3723 Vista Place, Pine Lawn Station, St. Louis, Mo.; Treas., Ewald Schuettner, 323 Merchants-Laclede Bldg , St. Louis, Mo. This is the only general board under the direction of the synodical con- ference.

Periodicals

Lutheraner (bi-weekly), St. Louis, Mo.; Lehre u. Wehre monthly), St. Louis, Mo.; Magazin fur Evangelical Lutheran Homile- tik (monthly), St. Louis, Mo.; Theological Monthly, St. Louis, Mo.; Lutheran Witness (bi-weekly), St. Louis, Mo.; Southern Lutheran, Publisher, J. H. Schoenhardt, 124 S. Jefferson Davis Parkway, New Orleans, La.; Ev. Luth. Gemeinde-Blatt (bi-weekly), Milwaukee, Wis., Editor, Eev. H. Bergmann; Northwestern Lutheran (bi-weekly), Editor, Rev. J. Jenny, Milwaukee, Wis.; Theologische Quartalschrift (quarterly), Milwaukee, Wis.; Ev. Luth. Schulblatt (monthly), St. Louis, Mo.; Die Missionstaube (monthly), St. Louis, Mo.; The Luth- eran Pioneer (monthly), St. Louis, Mo.; The Deaf Lutheran, (month- ly), St. Paul, Minn., Editor, Rev. J. L. Salvner; Svedok (bi-weekly), Akron, Ohio; Die Ev. Luth. Freikirche (bi-weekly), Saxony, Ger- many; The Australian Lutheran (bi-weekly).

MISSOURI SYNOD

Organized 1847.

Officers- Pres, Eev. F. Pf otenhaner ; First Vice-Pres., Rev. F. Brand, 3316 S. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. ; Sec , Eev. M. F. Kretzmann, 309 S. Oak St., KendallviUe, Ind.; Treas, E Seuel, 3558 S. Jefferson Ave , St Louis, Mo.

HOME MISSIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Rev. Karl Schmidt, 2123 Fremont St., Chicago, 111.

HOME MISSIONS IN NORTH AMERICA. Rev. C. F. Dietz, 1122 Garfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

FOREIGN MISSIONS. Supt. Rev. F, Brand, 3316 S. Jefferson Ave , St, Louis, Mo.

DEAF-MUTE MISSIONS. Rev. A. H. Kuntz, St. Paul, Minn.

MISSIONS TO PEOPLE OF FOREIGN TONGUES IN AMERICA. Rev. F. Markworth, New Palestine, Ind

JEWISH MISSIONS. Rev. H. C. Steup, 229 E. 124th St., New York City.

INDIAN MISSIONS. Rev. 0. W. G. Boettcher, Wausau, Wis.

IMMIGRANT AND SEAMEN'S MISSION. Rev. J. C. Barth, 212 J-ewett Ave., Port Richmond, N. Y.

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL SUPPORT. Rev, F, G, Kuehnert, Crystal Lake, 111.

128

Year Book of the Churches

CHURCH EXTENSION BOARD. Rev. F, W. Weidmann, 812 La Fayette Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Colleges and Theological Seminaries

Name

Concoidia Theological Seminary Concordia Theological Seminary

Concordia College

Concordia College . ...

Concoidia College St Paul's College . .

Lutheran Semmaiy (Normal)

St. John's Lutheian College

Concordia College . .

Concordat College

Concordia College

Concordia College

Concordia College

Concordia Teacheis' College California Concoidia College Walthcr College . ...

Location

...St. Louis, Mo .Springfield, 111

Fort Wayne, Ind

Bionxville, N. Y

. . . Milwaukee, Wis .Concoidia, Mo. . Seward, Neb W infield, Kans. . . Conover N C ..Poitland, Ore . . . Porto Alegre, Brazil . ..St Paul, Minn. Edmonton, Can.

Rivei Forest, 111 . . East Oakland, Calif. . . .St. Louis, Mo

Pi esident

F P leper ..H. A Klein . . M Luecke . Q. A Romoser ..&. Chr Boith

J H C Kaeppel

F W C Jesse. .A. W. Meyer.

0 W Kreinhedei . F Sylwesrter

Th. Guenger

A. N Schi aei -

mann

W C Kohn Tli Brohm, Jr. E. Harms.

JOINT WISCONSIN SYNOD

Organized 1850.

Officers: Pres.y Rev. G. E. Bcrgemann, Fond du lac, Wis ; Sec,, Rev. G Hmnenthal, E. 1, Goodhue, Minn,; Treas., W. H. G-racbner, 356 llth Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

JOINT MISSION BOAKD. Chmn., Rev. J. Gauss; Sec., Rev. J. W. F. Pieper, 519 Pine St., Stillwater, Minn.; Treas., Rev. F. Schroeder.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR INDIAN MISSION. Chairman, Rev. J. Gauss; Sec., Rev. J. W. F. Pieper, 519 Pine St., Stillwater, Minn.; Treas., Rev. F. Schrceder.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR HOME MISSION. (Officers not yet elected.)

BOARD OF RELIEF FOR INVALID PASTORS, PROFESSORS, TEACHERS, AND THEIR INDIGENT WIDOWS AND ORPHANS. Address Rev. H. Bergmann, 921 Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

Colleges and Theological Seminaries

Name Location Pi esident

Theological Seminary Wauwatosa, Wis J Schaller

Teachers' Seminary and Dr Martin Luther

College . . . New Ulm, Minn. . J. Meyer.

Northwestern College Watertown, Wis. A. F. Ernst.

Michigan Lutheran Seminary . Saginaw, Mich. 0 J. R. Hoenecke

SLOVAK EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN SYNOD OF THE UNALTEKED AUGSBURG CONFESSION

Organized 1902.

Officers: Pra, Kev. J. S. Bradac, 404 Atchison Ave , Whit- ing, Ind ; Vice-Pres., Prof. T. Bakalor, 1715 E Lewis St , Ft. Wayne, Ind. ; Sec 9 Rev. P. Rafaj, 113 Delaware Ave., Jessup, Pa. ; Eng Sec., Eev. Jos. A Dmda, 711 Chestnut St., Johnstown, Pa. ; Treas., George S. Kovac, Box 290, Rantan, N, J.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS. Rev. St. Tuhy, 663 N. Main St., Wilkes Barre, Pa.; Rev. P. Rafaj, 113 Delaware Ave., Jessup, Pa,; Rev. George Marcek, 31 Center Place, Yonkers, N. Y,

Directory of Religious Bodies 129

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Rev. L. Alex. Jarosi, 2503 E. 19th St., Cleveland, Ohio; Rev. Mich. Gotthardt, 130 Middlebury Ave., E. Akron, Ohio; Prof. J. P. Dmda, 2010 Buhrer Ave., Cleveland, Ohio; M. Savdor, 12805 Soika St., Cleveland, Ohio; P. Brna, Akron, Ohio.

NEGRO MISSION

Organized 1877.

NORWEGIAN SYNOD OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH

Organized 1919.

Officers: Pres., Rev. B. Harstad, Parkland, Wash.; Sec, Rev. L. P. Jensen, Marshfield, Ore.; Treas., Rev. A. J. Torger- son, Northwood, la.

Periodical

Evang. Luth. Tidende (weekly), Chicago, Editors, Rev. G. A. Gullixson, J. A. Moldstad, G, R. Preus.

INDEPENDENT CONGREGATIONS

(Not Affiliated With Any Synod)

Besides the Congregations in the Synods, there are a number of independent Lutheran Congregations which do not belong to any Synod. In most cases the reason is not doctrinal, but simply a love of independence. Not infrequently the pastor of an independent churcL is himself a member of some Synod.

The Lutheran Church Year Book for 1921 gives 54 Inde- pendent Congregations served by 42 pastors, with a confirmed membership of 7,495.

MENNONITE BODIES

History

The origin of the denomination classed under the head of Mennonite bodies is traced by them to an early period in the history of the Christian Church. They represented a general protest against ecclesiastical rule and a rigid liturgy, and an appeal for the sim- pler organization, worship and faith of the Apostolic Age. The name "Mennonite" dates from 1550, but would scarcely be recognized in Holland, where the usual name is "Doopsgezmde" or "Dooper," the Dutch equivalent for the English "Baptist." Early in the seven- teenth century the first representatives of the Mennonites came to America seeking freedom from persecution. William Penn offered homes to the Mennonites, and through help from the Society of Friends in England large numbers from Holland, Switzerland and Germany were enabled to come to America. Individual families set- tled m New York and New Jersey as early as 1640, but the first Mennonite colony was formed at Germantown, Pa., in 1683. As these early settlers came in contact with the Indians, they often found that their non-resistant principles served as a better protec- tion than rifles.

There are sixteen different Mennonite bodies, namely, Mennonite Church, Hutterian Brethren, Conservative Amish Mennonite Church, Old Order Amish Mennonite Church, Church of God in Christ (Men-

130 Year Book of the Churches

nonite), Old Order Mennonite Church (Wisler), Reformed Men- nonite Church, General Conference of Mennonites of North America, Defenseless Mennonites, Mennonite Brethren in Christ, Mennonite Brethren Church of North America, Krimmer Brueder-Gemeinde, Kleine Gememde, Central Conference of Mennonites, Conference of the Defenseless Mennonites of North America, Stauffer Mennonites. The Mennonite Church, with a membership of approximately thirty-five thousand, the General Conference of Mennonites of North America, with a membership of approximately fifteen thou- sand, and the Mennonmte Brethren m Christ with some nine thou- sand members, are the chief bodies, others varying m membership from 171 to 5,000. All have practically the same doctrine and policy.

Doctrine

At a general conference of the Mennonites in the Netherlands and Germany held in Dort, Holland, in 1632, a compilation of the previous confessions of faith was made and called "A Declaration of the Chief Articles of Our Common Christian Faith." This confession, containing 18 articles, is accepted by the great majority of the Men- nonite churches today. In addition to doctrines common to Chris- tianity, some of the distinctive beliefs are that the washing of the saints' feet is an ordinance instituted, and its perpetual observance commanded, by Christ; the state of matrimony is honorable between those spiritually kindred, and such alone can marry "in the Lord"; the civil government is a part of God's ministry, and members are not permitted to despise, blaspheme or resist the government, but must be subject to it in all things and obedient to all its commands that do not militate against the will and law of God, and should pray earnestly for the government and its welfare, and in behalf of their country; Christ has forbidden His followers the use of carnal force in resisting evil and the seeking of revenge for evil treatment; love for enemies can not be shown by acts of hatred and revenge, but by deeds of love and good will; the use of all oaths is for- bidden, as contrary to God's will, though simple affirmation is al- lowed. In nearly all the Mennonite bodies, baptism is by pouring.

Polity

With two exceptions the form of church government in the different bodies of the Mennonites is the same. The local church is autonomous, deciding all matters affecting itself. District or state conferences are established, in most cases, to which appeals may be made; otherwise the authority of the congregation or of a com- mittee appointed by the congregation is final. All decisions of state or district conferences are presented to the individual congregations for ratification. The divinely appointed offices of the Church of Christ are held to be those of Bishop (sometimes called elder and sometimes presbyter), minister (pastor or evangelist), and almoner (deacon). The ministers are generally self-supporting, sharing the farm life of most of the Mennonite communities,

MENNONITE CHURCH

General Conference, biennial; next session, 1923. Officers : Mod , J A. Ressler, Seottdale, la. ; Sec , J. S. Hart- zler, Goslien, Ind

BOARD OF MISSIONS AND CHAEITIES. Pres.f D. D. Miller, Mid- dlebury, Ind.; Sec., S. C. Yoder, Kalona, Iowa; Treas., V. E. Reiff, Elkhart, Ind.

BOABD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Sanford C. Yoder, Kalona, la.; Sec., A. E. Kreider, Goshen, Ind.; Treas., S. R. Good, Sterling, 111.

Directory of Religious Bodies 181

PUBLICATION BOARD, Scottdale, Pa. Pres.t J. S . Shoemaker, Dakota, 111.; Sec., S. H. Miller, Shanesville, Ohio; Treas , J. W Christophel, Goshen, Ind.

SUNDAY SCHOOL COMMITTEE. Chrnn., Vernon J. Smucker, Scott- dale, Pa.; Sec., I. W. Royer, Orrville, Ohio.

Colleges

Name Location President

Goshen College . , Goshen, Ind . . Daniel Kauifman

Hesston College and Bible School Hesston, Kans. . D. H. Bender.

Periodicals

Gospel Herald (official) (weekly), Christian Monitor (monthly), Youth's Christian Companion (weekly), Words of Cheer (weekly) Beams of Light (weekly), Mennomtische Rundschau (weekly), Christ- hche Jugenfreund (weekly). All, Scottdale, Pa.

HUTTERIAN BRETHREN

A communistic brotherhood of the followers of Jacob Hutter. Address Elias Walter, MacLeod, Alberta, Can

AMISH MENNONITE CHURCH (Conservative)

Annual conference.

Officers : Mod , Jonas D. Yoder, Belleville, Pa. ; Sec., Nevin Bender, Greenwood, Del.

Periodical

Herald der Wahrheit (semi-monthly), Editors, S, D. Guengerich, Wellman, la., J. B. Miller, Grantsville, Md.

OLD ORDER AMISH MENNONITE CHURCH

No annual conference, general officers, church buildings, schools, or publications. The older forms of worship, usually in German, are strictly adhered to.

CHURCH OF GOD IN CHRIST

(Mennonite)

Address Rev. D. H. Dyck, Hillsboro, Kans.

Periodical Messenger of Truth, Editor, F. C. Pricke, Ithaca, Mich,

OLD ORDER MENNONITES (Wisler)

A conservative body, using generally the German. They have no general conference, schools, or organizations. Address Frank W. Hurst, East Earl, Pa.

132 Year Book of the Churches

REFORMED MENNONITE CHURCH Conference meets on occasion as needed.

Bishops

Jacob S. Lehman, Chambersburg, Pa.

John I. Miller, Camp Hill, Pa.

Elias H. Hershey, Lancaster, Pa.

John Kohr, Lancaster, Pa.

David P. Basinger, Bluffton, Ohio.

John S. Snearly, Wilhamsville, N. Y.

Wilmer E. Steele, Humberstone, Ont., Can.

GENERAL CONFERENCE OF MENNONITES OF NORTH

AMERICA

General Conference, triennial ; next session, Marion, or Free- man, South Dakota, fall of 1923.

Five district conferences in United States and one in Canada.

Officers: Pres, Rev. H. J. Krehbiel, Reedley, Calif.; Vwe- Pres., Rev. P. P. "Wedel, Moundridge, Kans.; See., Dr. J. R. TMerstein, Newton, Kans.; Treas., F. C. Claassen, Newton, Kans.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. J. W. Kliewer, New- ton, Kans.; Vice-Chmn., Rev. H. D. Penner, Beatrice, Nebr.; Sec., Rev. P. H. Richert, Goessel, Kans.; Treas., Rev. Gustav Harder, Whitewater, Kans.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. W. S. Gottshall, Bluff- ton, Ohio; Sec., Rev. David Toews, Rosthern, Saskatchewan; Treas., J. E. Amstutz, Trenton, Ohio.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION. Pres., Rev. N. B. Grubb, Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec., Rev. W. J. Ewert, Hillsboro, Kans.; Bus. Mgr., J. F. Leh- man, Berne, Ind.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Dr. S. K. Mosiman, Bluffton, Ohio; Sec., Rev. J. H. Langenwalter, Newton, Kans.; Treas., D. H, Rickert, Newton, Kans.

EMERGENCY RELIEF COMMITTEE. Pres., Rev. John Lichti, Med- ford, Okla»; Sec., Rev. John C. Mueller, Freeman, S. Dak.; Treas., Mr. C. F. Claassen, Newton, Kans.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Pres., Rev. H. J. Krehbiel, Reedley, Calif.; See., Dr. J. R. Thierstein, Newton, Kans.; Vice-Pres., Rev. P. P. Wedel, Newton, Kans.; Treas., Mr. C. F. Claassen, Newton, Kans.; Rev. J. W. Kliewer, Newton, Kans.; Dr. S. K. Mosiman, Bluffton, Ohio; Rev. W. S. Gottshall, Bluffton, Ohio; Rev. N. B. Grubb, Philadelphia, Pa,; Rev. John Lichti, Medford, Okla.; Rev. G. N. Harms, Whitewater, Kans.

STATISTICIAN, Rev. Franz Albrecht, Beatrice, Nebr.

Colleges and Theological Seminary Name Location President

Bethel Colege . Newton, Kans J. W. Kliewer.

Bluffton College and Mennomte Theologi- cal Seminary Bluffton, Ohio 3. K Mosiman.

Periodicals

Mennonite (weekly), Berne, Ind., Editor, Rev. S. M. Grubb; Christlicher Bundesbote (weekly), Berne, Ind., Editor, Rev. C. H. Van der Smissen.

Directory of Religious Bodies 133

DEFENSELESS MENNONITES

Annual conference, meeting in September.

Sec. of Conference, E. B. Kupp, Archbald, Ohio.

Address the City Missionary, J. K. G-erig, 248 Koot St., Chicago, 111.

College and Theological Seminary

Name Location Pi esident

Bluffton College and Theological Seminary . . Bluffton, Ohio . S K. Mosiman.

MENNONITE BRETHREN IN CHRIST

General Conference; meets at Brown City, Michigan, Oct., 1924.

Five district conferences in United States and two in Canada.

Officers of the Gen. Conf. : Pres., Eev. A. B. Yoder, 727 Wolf Ave , Elkhart, Ind ; Sec., Eev. J. A. Huffman, Marion, Ind ; Editor of Sunday School Literature, Eev. J. A. Huffman, Marion Ind.

EXECUTIVE BOARD. Pres., Rev. S. Gondie; Sec., Rev. I. Pike, Bethesda, Ont.

PUBLICATION HEADQUARTERS: Gospel Banner Office, New Car- lisle, Ohio, and the Bethel Publishing Co., New Carlisle, Ohio.

Periodical

Gospel Banner, Bethel series S. S. Literature, New Carlisle, Ohio, Editor, J. A. Huffman.

MENNONITE BRETHEEN CHURCH OF NORTH AMERICA

Meets triennially; next meeting, Corn, Okla., 1924.

Three district conferences in United States and one in Canada.

Officers : Mod , Eev. H. W. Lohrenz, Hillsboro, Kaiis. ; Clerk, Eev. J. F. Dnerksen, Corn, Okla.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Chmn, Eev. H. W. Lohrenz; Sec., Eev. N. N. Hiebert, Mountain Lake, Minn.; Treas., J. W. Wiens, Hillsboro, Kans.

GENERAL SECRETARY OF HOME MISSIONS, Eev. W. J. Bestvater, Herbert, Sask., Canada.

ScJwol

Name Location President

Taboi College . . . Hillsboro, Kans . . . . H W. Lohrenz

Periodical Zion's Bote, Hillsboro, Kans., Editor, A. L. Schelleriberg.

KRIMMER MENNONITE BRETHREN CHURCH

Annual conference.

Officers: Mod., D. E. Harder, Hillsboro, Kans,; Sec., D. J. Mendel, Freeman, S. Dak.; Treas., J. J. Glanzer, Bridgewater, S. Dak.

134 Year Book of the Churches

COMMITTEE FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., J. M. Tschetter, Car- penter, S. Dak.; Sec., D. M. Hofer, 2812 Lincoln Ave., Chicago, 111. COMMITTEE FOR HOME MISSIONS. Chrnn., D. E. Harder; Sec., J. M. Tschetter, Carpenter, S. Dak.

COMMITTEE FOR PUBLICATION. Chmn., D. M. Hofer; Sec., A. J. Neufeld, Inman, Kans.

College

Name Location President

Tabor College Hilhboro, Kans II. W. Loienz

Academy Zoar Academy Inman, Kans. . C Tlnessen.

Periodical

Der Wahrheitsfreund (weekly), Editor, D. M. Hofer, 2812 Lin- coln Ave., Chicago, 111.

KLEINE GEMEINDE

Address Abraham I. Friesen, Meade, Kans.

CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF MENNONITES

Conference, annual; meets in September. Officers : Mod., Rev. Allan EL Miller, Pekin, 111. ; Sec., M. P. Lantz, Carlock, 111.

MISSION BOARD. Pres., Rev. Allan H. Miller, Pekin, 111.; Sec., George I. Gundy, Washington, 111.

JOINT BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Val Strubhar, Wash- ington, 111.; Vice-Pres., C. R. Egle; Sec., Rev. Emanuel Troyer, Nor- mal, 111.; Cor. Sec. and Treas., D. N. Claudon, Meadows, 111.

College and Theological Seminary

Name Location President

Bluffton College . . Bluffton, Ohio E. K. Mosiman.

Witmarsum Seminary Bluffton, Ohio . J. E. Hartzler.

Periodical The Christian Evangel, Danvers, 111., Editor, Rev. L. B. Haigh,

CONFERENCE OF DEFENSELESS MENNONITES OF NORTH AMERICA

(Formerly Minnesota and Nebraska Mennonite Conference.) Annual conference,

Address the City Missionary, A. F. Wiens, 4215 Rockwell St., Chicago, III

STAUFFER MENNONITES

Address Michael A. Weaver, New Holland, Pa.

MESSIANIC WORLD MESSAGE

Cor. Sec, Henry Selrurra, 1002 McKenzie St., Los Angeles, Calif, Station T.

Directory of Religious Bodies 135

Messianic Publishing Co., 1002 McKenzie St., Station T, Los Angeles, Calif.

History

Among the developments resulting from the introduction into the United States of the study of various phases of Oriental religions, especially those in India emphasizing the mystical union of the human and divine, was the organization of the Christian Yoga Society. The founder, A. K. Mpzumdar, gathered a number of followers and a society was organized at Spokane, Washington, in February, 1911, with 50 active members. For some time it developed somewhat slowly, but gathered membership in different parts of the United States. After a time the organization was disbanded, and Mr. Mozumdar or- ganized the Universal Messianic Church, or the Church of the Uni- versal Messianic Message, changed in 1922 to the Messianic World Message.

Doctrine

The purpose of this church is to bring about unity with om- nipresent God on the part of its members, in imitation of the Great Master Jesus Christ; to heal the sick by an appeal to God for inter- position of divine power; to teach, preach, and demonstrate the great mystery of life; and to endeavor to secure that health and inspiration which comes from living a life close to God.

It recognizes no creed or confession and observes no sacrament, the only condition imposed on members being that they have an earn- est desire to help humanity to a higher and holier idea of God and their fellowmen. The attitude toward other creeds is one of good will and brotherly love, holding that all have their place in the school of the evolution of man.

Polity

The societies or churches are distinctly independent in their or- ganization. In the beginning there were ordained ministers, but sub- sequently the ministerial office was discontinued.

METHODISTS

GENERAL STATEMENT History

The Methodist Churches generally trace a common origin to a movement started in Oxford University in 1729 when John and Charles Wesley, George Whitefield, and others began to meet for religious exercises. The little company was derisively called "The Holy Club," "Bible Bigots," "Methodists," etc. The movement soon became widely known as the "Methodist Movement," and took more definite shape in 1739 "when," as Mr. Wesley himself describes it, "eight or ten persons came to him in London and desired that he should spend time with them in prayer and advise them how to flee from the wrath to come."

As converts were received they were organized into societies for worship, and as the work expanded class meetings were formed for the religious care and training of members. The circuit system was established by which several congregations were grouped under the care of one lay preacher. The itinerancy came into existence as the lay preachers were transferred from one appointment to an- other for greater efficiency, and finally in 1744 the Annual Con- ference was instituted.

The beginnings of Methodism in America were m the state of Georgia, in 1735, when upon the invitation of General Oglethorpe, John and Charles Wesley were invited to come as spiritual advisers

136 Year Book of the Churches

to his colony. Both, accepted the invitation and John Wesley re- mained until 1738.

In 1760, Philip Embury, a Wesleyan local preacher from Ire- land, landed in New York and six years later gathered for regular worship a company of Methodists who, in 1768, erected and dedicated a chapel, since known as the "John Street Church."

Robert Strawbridge, also an Irish Wesleyan preacher, assem- bled a small company of Methodists in Frederick County, Md. Sub- sequently itinerant preachers were sent over by John Wesley, among them Thomas Rankin and Francis Asbury, and in 1773 the first annual Conference in America was held in the city of Philadelphia.

American Methodism was set apart independently at what is known ns the "Christmas Conference," in Baltimore, Maryland, De- cember 24, 1784. In authorizing this organization, Mr. Wesley ap- pointed Dr. Coke and Mr. Asbury as joint superintendents m North America, and stated that as "our American brethren are now totally disentangled both from the state and the English hierarchy, we dare not entangle them again, either with the one or with the other. They are now at full liberty simply to follow the Scriptures and the Primitive Church." The conference then proceeded to form a Methodist Episcopal Church, and elected both Coke and Asbury superintendents, or bishops.

Doctrine

In theology the Methodist Churches are Armmian and their doctrines are set forth in the articles of Religion formulated largely from the thirty-nine articles of the Church of England, Wesley's published sermons and his Notes on the New Testament. These em-

?hasize belief in the Trinity, the fall of man, his need of repentance, reedom of the will, sanctification, future rewards and punishments, and a sufficiency of the Scriptures for salvation.

Two sacrements are recognized — Baptism and the Lord's Supper. Baptism is administered both to infants and adults. As to mode, sprinkling is preferred, though in the case of adults choice of sprink- ling1, pouring or immersion is given.

Polity

The form of church government, while following the general rules laid down by Wesley, is somewhat different in England and in America. In England the conference remains supreme and the superintendency is not emphasized; in America the leading Metho- dist bodies are Episcopal in their form of government. This Epis- copal form of government, while not corresponding exactly to that of the Episcopacy of the Church of England, is a decided factor in church life. The Wesleyan Methodist connection in England and the Episcopal Methodisms in the United States are the strongest representatives of the Methodist movement initiated in Oxford nearly two centuries ago.

As originally organized in America, Methodism was Episcopal in its form of government and recognized two orders in the min- istry— Deacons and Elders. It was divided first into annual confer- ences and later a system of church, quarterly, district and annual conferences was developed, with the general conference meeting quadrennially, since 1812, as a delegated body having the law-mak- ing power under certain restrictive rules. Administration was prac- tically in the hands of the clergy and there was at first no lay rep- resentatives either in the Annual or General Conferences. Through protests and dissatisfaction, various modifications were made from time to time and organizations independently set up with a modified form of Government varying from non-Episcopal, but retaining all other features common to Methodist government, to a distinct form of Congregationalism.

Directory of Religious Bodie^ 137

ECUMENICAL METHODIST CONFERENCE

Decennial, lest session, London, England, September, 1921.

Ecumenical Methodist Commission represents the conference ad interim.

Eastern Section : Pres., Eev. J E. "Wakerly, Central Bldg , Westminster, London, Eng , S. W. ; See., Rev. H B. Workman, Wesleyan Training College, Horseferry Road, London, Eng. Includes Methodist bodies in Great Britain, Europe, and Aus- tralasia.

Western Section: Pres., Bishop J. "W. Hamilton; Sec., Rev. H K Carroll, Plainfield, N. J. Includes Methodist bodies in the United States and Canada, and the Methodist Church of Japan.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUBCH

General Conference, quadrennial, last session, Des Homes, Iowa, 1920.

Annual Conferences and Missions at home and abroad, 159.

Officers : Sec., Edmund M. Mills, 101 Comstock Place, Syra- cuse, N. Y.; Treas., Oscar P. Miller, Rock Rapids, la.

Bishops

Earl Cranston (Retired), 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. John W. Hamilton (Retired), American University, Washing- ton, D. C.

Joseph P. Berry, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. William F. McDowell, 2107 Wyoming Ave. N. W., Washington

William Burt, 202 Morris Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Luther B. Wilson, 150 Fifth Ave., New York. Thomas B. Neely (Retired), Philadelphia, Pa. William F. Anderson, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. John L. Nuelsen, Zurich, Switzerland.

William A. Quayle, 14 North Kings Highway, St. Louis, Mo. Edwin H. Hughes, 235 Summer St., Maiden, Mass. Frank M. Bristol, Chattanooga, Tenn. Homer C. Stuntz, Omaha, Nebr.

Theodore S. Henderson, 34 Elizabeth St. East, Detroit, Mich. William 0. Shepard, Portland, Ore. Francis J. McConnell, 524 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. Frederick D. Leete, Indianapolis, Ind. Richard J. Cooke (Retired), Athens, Tenn. Wilbur P. Thirkield, Mexico City, Mexico. Herbert Welch, Seoul, Korea.

Thomas Nicholson, 58 East Washington St., Chicago, 111. Adna W. Leonard, 3 City Hall Ave., San Francisco, Calif. William F. Oldham, Buenos Ayres, Argentine, South America. Charles B. Mitchell, 157 N. Lexington Blvd., St. Paul, Minn. Francis W. Warne, Lucknow, India. John W. Robinson, Colaba, Bombay, India. Eben S. Johnson, 8 Davenport Road, Tambesskloof, Capetown, South Africa.

Imuress J. Birney, care Methodist Book Concern, Shanghai, China. Frederick B. Fisher, 3 Middleton St., Calcutta, India. Ernest L. Waldorf, Wichita, Kans.

138 Year Book of the Churches

Charles E. Locke, Manila, Philippine Islands. Ernest G. Richardson, 63 Ponce de Leon Ave., Atlanta, Ga. * Charles W. Burns, Helena, Mont. Anton Bast, Copenhagen, Denmark. Edgar Blake, 89 Blvd. Hausmann, Paris, France. George H. Bickley, 8 Marent Sophia, Singapore, Straits Settle- ment.

Frederick T. Kenney, Foochow, China.

H. Lester Smith, Bangalore, India.

Charles L. Mead, 1830 Sherman St., Denver, Colo.

Robert E. Jones, 631 Baronne St., New Orleans, La.

Matthew W. Clair, Monrovia, Africa.

Retired Missionary Bishops

Joseph C. Hartzell, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Isaiah B. Scott, 125 Fourteenth Ave. N., Nashville, Tenn.

THE METHODIST BOOK CONCERN. Publishing Agents: Cincinnati, John H. Race, 420 Plum St.; Chicago, Robert H. Hughes, 740 Rush St.; George P. Mams, emeritus, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York; Henry C. Jennings, emeritus, Portland, Oreg.

BOOK EDITOR, David G. Downey, 150 Fifth Ave., New York City, and 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

DEPOSITORIES: 581 Boylston St., Boston, Mass.; 105 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.; 28 East Elizabeth St., Detroit, Mich.; 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111.; 1121 McGee St., Kansas City, Mo.; 7 City Hall Ave., San Francisco, Calif.; salesroom, Portland, Oreg.; 304-313 Artisan's Bldg.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York. Pres., Bishop Luther B. Wilson; Honorary Vice-Pres., W. V. Kelley; Vice-Pres., Frank A. Home; Cor. Sees., Frank Mason North, Titus Lowe; Treas., George M. Fowles.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS AND CHURCH EXTENSION, Arch and Seventeenth Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Bishop Joseph F. Berry; Cor. Sec., David D. Forsyth.

BOARD OF EDUCATION FOR NEGROES, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. Pres. William F. Anderson; Treas., John H. Race; Cor. Sees., Patrick J. Maveety, I. Garland Penn.

BOARD OF EDUCATION, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York. Pres., Bishop Win. F. McDowell; Cor. Sec., Abram W. Harris; Rec. See., Ezra S. Tipple; Treas., Omar Powell.

BOARD OF SUNDAY SCHOOLS, 58 East Washington St., Chicago, 111. Pres., Bishop Thomas Nicholson; Cor. Sec., W. S. Bovard; Treas., W. C. Hanson.

BOARD OF CONFERENCE CLAIMANTS, 820 Garland Building, Chi- cago, 111. Pres., Bishop Charles Bayard Mitchell; Cor. Sec, Joseph B. Hingeley; Treas., Robert W. Campbell.

BOARD OF THE EPWORTH LEAGCJE, 740 Rush St., Chicago, IIL Pres., Bishop Adna W. Leonard; Gen. Sec., Charles E. Guthrie; Edi- tor Epworth Herald, Dan B. Brummitt.

BOARD OF TEMPERANCE, PROHIBITION, AND PUBLIC MORALS, 110 Maryland Ave. N. E., Washington, D. C. Pres., Bishop William F. McDowell; Treas., William T. Galliher; Gen. Sec., Clarence True Wilson.

GENERAL DEACONESS BOARD, 675-677 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y. Pres., Bishop Wm. S. Burt; Cor. Sec., Daniel W. Howell; Treas., L. M. Potter.

BOARD OF HOSPITALS AND HOMES. Pres., Bishop W. 0. Shepard; Cor. Sec.f Rev. N. E. Davis, 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111.; Treas., J. T. Bradley, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, 111. *

COUNCIL OF BOARDS OF BENEVOLENCE. Pres., Bishop F. D. Leete; Cor. Sec., Committee on Conservation and Advance, Raymond J.

Directory of Religious Bodies

139

Wade, 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111.; Treas., M. W. Ehnes, 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111.

TRUSTEES OF CHARTERED FUND, 129 South Fourth St., Philadel- phia, Pa. Pres., Avery D. Harrington; Sec., Edgar J. Pershing; Treas., Franklin I. Bodme.

TRUSTEES OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. Pres., James N. Gamble; Sec., C. E. Scbenk; Treas., H. A. Winans.

COMMISSION OF TWENTY-FIVE ON UNIFICATION: Bishops W. F. McDowell, W. F. Anderson, E. H. Hughes, F. J. McConnell, W. P. Thirkield; Abram W. Harris, East Maine; D. G. Downey, New York, East; W. A. Elliott, Erie; Archibald Moore, West Virginia; Ernest H. Cherrington, Ohio; J. M. Melear, Holston; P. W. Kinchen, Louis- iana; J. W. Abel, Oklahoma; A. N. Jarvis, Iowa; J. W. Van Cleye, Illinois; Loren D. Dickinson, Michigan; E. D. Kohlstedt, Wisconsin; Charles E. Allmger, Central German; E. P. Dennett, California; C. H. White, Idaho; at large, F. M. North, J. H. Race, D. D. Forsyth, Alex Simpson, Jr., I. Garland Penn.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Pres., Mrs. Thos. Nicholson, 4613 Ellis Avenue, Chicago, 111. ; Sec., Mrs. Charles Spaetti, Madison, N. J.; Treas., Miss Florence Hooper, 10 South St., Balti- more, Md.

METHODIST FEDERATION FOR SOCIAL SERVICE. Pres., Bishop F. J. McConnell, Denver, Colo.; Sec., Rev. Harry F. Ward, 150 Fifth Ave- nue, New York City.

Colleges and Institution Location

Albion College Albion, Mich

Allegheny College Meadville, Pa. .

Baker University .... Baldwin, Kans. Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio Boston University .. .Boston, Mass Central Wesleyan Col- lege Warrenton, Mo

College of Puget Sound . Tacoma, Wash College of the Pacific San Jose, Calif Cornell College .Mt Vernon, Iowa

Dakota Wesleyan Univ .Mitchell, S D . De Pauw University . . . Greencastle, Ind Dickinson College . .Carlisle, Pa. Goucher College Baltimore, Md .

Hamlme University . ..St. Paul, Minn . Illinois Wesleyan Univ Bloommgton, III . Illinois Woman's College Jacksonville, 111. Iowa Wesleyan College Mt Pleasant, la . Kansas Wesleyan Univ.Salma, Kans . Lawrence College .. ..Appleton, Wis

McKendree College Lebanon, 111

Mo Wesleyan College . . Cameron, Mo Mornmgside College . . Sioux City, Iowa Mount Union College ..Alliance, Ohio Nebr. Wesleyan Univ.. Univ Place Neb.

Northwestern Univ

.Evanston, III

Dhio Wesleyan Univ Delaware, Ohio

Simpson College . . Indianola, Iowa Southwestern College .Wmfleld, Kans. Syracuse University ..Syracuse, N. Y . Univ. of Chattanooga Chattanooga T'n University of Denver. ..Univ. Park, Colo Univ. of Southern Calif Los Angeles, Cal

Upper Iowa Univ Favette, Iowa

Wesleyan University. . .Middletown. Ct W Va. Wesleyan Col-Buckhannon, W.

le<re Va. ...

Willamette University . . Salem, Oreg. . .

Universities

Chief Officer

John W. Laird, President Fred W. Hixon, President. Wallace B Fleming, President A B Storms, President L H. Murhn, President. ~

0. E. Knege, President E. H. Todd, President Tully C Knoles, Piesident. Acting President

E D. Kohlstedt, President. George R Grose, President. James H Morgan, President William W. Guth, President. Samuel F Kerfoot, President William J Davidson, President. Joseph R Harker, President. Ulysses S Smith, President L B Bowers, President. Samuel Plantz, President. George E McCammon, President, Emory F. Buck, President Frank E. Mossman, President William H McMaster, President

1. B. Schreckengast, Chancellor. Walter Dill Scott, President John W. Hoffman, President. John L Hillman, President

A E Kirk, President Charles W Flint, Chancellor. Arlo A Brown, President Heber R. Harper, Chancellor Rufus B. von KlemSmid, President Rev. J P. Van Horn, President Stephen H. Olm, Acting President

Thomas W. Haught, Acting President. Carl G. Donev* President

Evansville College .... Evansville. Ind Goodmar College . .Goodmg, Idaho Mont Wesleyan College Helena, Mont .. Ohio Northern Univ . . Ada, Ohio Oklahoma City College ..Okla. City, Okla Wesley College . .University, N. D

Alfred F Hughes, President Charles W Tenney, President Charles M Donaldson, President Albert E Smith, President. E. G. Green, President E P. Robertson, President.

140

Year Book of the Churches

Professional Schools Location

Theological

Boston Univ. School of Theology . . . .Boston, Mass

Central Wesleyan Theo- logical Seminary . Warrenton, Mo

Drew Theological Semi- nary . .Madison, N J

Garrett Biblical Institute Evanston, 111.

Kimball School of Theol- ogy . .Salem, Oreg , ,

Maclay College of Theol- ogy . . .. .C/o Univ South- ern Calif., Los Angeles, Calif.

Nast Theological Semi- nary . .Beiea, Ohio , .

Norwegian-Danish Theo- logical Seminary . .Evanston, III

Swedish Theological Sem- inary Evanston, 111

The II iff School of Theol- ogy . . . .Denvei, Colo

Chief Office* Rev James A. Beebe, Dean Rev E S Havighoist, Dean.

Rev E. S Tipple, President .Rev C. M. Stuart, President.

.Rev E. C Hickman, President.

Median

Boston Univ School of Medicine Boston, Mass Northwestern Univ. Medical School Chicago, 111 Syracuse College of Medicine Syiacuse, N. Y

' ~o. Co" " ~ "

Rev. John F Fisher, Dean.

Rev. Ficdenck Cramer, Dean

Rev. Otman Filing, Dean

Rev. F. A Lundberg, Dean

Rev Edwin W. Dunlavy, President. Loca lion

Univ of So. Calif College of Phys

Chief Office? John P Sutherland, Dean Arthur I Kendall, Dean. John J Heffron, Dean

and Suig. .

Los Angeles, Cal Chailes W Bryson, Dean,

Law

Bloommgton School of Law (111. Wes. Univ ) Bloommgton, 111

Boston Univ School of Law Boston, Mass

Cleveland Law School (Baldwin- Wallace) Chicago, 111

Dickinson College School of Law Carlisle, Pa

Northwestern Univ. Law School Cleveland, Ohio

Syracuse College of Law Syracuse, N Y

Univ. of Denver Law School Denver. Colo

Univ of So Calif. College of Law Los Angeles, Cal Frank M. Portei, Dean

Willamette Univ. School of Law ...Salem, Oieg T H. Van Winkle, Dean

fientistiy

Northwestern Univ. Dental School /Chicago, 111 University of Denver School of

Dentistiy Denvei, Colo

Univ. of So Calif. Dental School Los Angeles, Cal . L E. Ford, Dean

Plicnmacy Univ. of So. California School of

C L Capen, Dean. Homei Albers, Dean

Willis Vickery, Dean William Trickett, Dean John H. Wigmore, Dean Frank R Walker, Dean George C Manly, Dean.

Aithui D. Black, Dean. H. A Ftynn, Dean

Pharmacy

Los Angeles, Cal L. J Stablei, Dean.

Engineering

Northwestern Univ. College of En- gineering . Evanston, 111. Syracuse College of Applied Science Syracuse, N .Y

John F Havford, Director William P Giaham, Dean

Commerce

Boston Univ. College of Business Administration ... . Boston, Mass. . .Everett W. Loicl, Dean

Northwestern Univ School of Com- merce . . Ghicago, 111.

Univ. of Denver School of Com- merce . . . Denver, Colo.

Ralph E. Heilman, Dean George A Warfield, Dean,

Graduate The American University

Washington, D C Lucius C Clark, Chancelloi

Forestry

New York State Col Forestry, Syra- cuse University

Syracuse, N. Y .Franklin F. Moon, Dean

Directory of Religious Bodies

141

Secondary Schools

Athens School, The Athens, Tenn

Beaver College . Beaver, Pa

Blmn Memorial College Brenham, Tex

Cazenovia Seminary „ Cazenovia, N. Y.

Centenary Collegiate Institute Hackettstown, N J

Drew Seminary for Women Carrnel, N. Y

East Greenwich Academy

East Maine Conference Seminary

Epworth Seminary

Genesee Wesleyan Seminary

Onarga Military Academy

Jennings Seminary

John H. Snead, Seminary

Maine Wesleyan Seminary

Ozark Wesleyan College

Montpeher Seminary

Murphy Collegiate Institute

The Pennmgton School

Texas Wesleyan College

Tilton Seminary . . . . .

Troy Conference Academy

Union College

Washington Collegiate Institute Wesley Collegiate Institute Wilbraham Academy

E Greenwich, R I Bucksport, Me Epworth, Iowa Lima, N Y (Onarga, 111 Aurora, 111 Boaz, Ala Kents Hill, Me Marionville, Mo. Montpelier, Vt Sevierville, Tenn. .Pennmgton, N. J.

Austin, Tex . Tilton, N. H . . Poultney, Vt. . Barbourville, Ky .

Washington, N C

Dover, Del

Wilbraham, Mass

Williamsport-Dickmson Seminary Wilharnsport, Pa. Wyoming Seminary (not regularly classified undei rulings of Um- veisity Senate Kingston, Pa

Harwood Boys' School , Albuquerque, N M

Baxter Seminary Baxter, Tenn,

Epworth Seminary . Epworth, Ga

Mount Zion Seminary . Mount Zion, Ga

McLemoresville Collegiate Institute

Paikei College Port Arthui College

McLemoiesville,

Tenn

Wmnebago,, Minn, Port Arthur, Tex

J. L Robb, Dean James M Thoburn, Pres. Jacob L Neu, President Chailes E. Hamilton, Pres, Robert J, Trevorrow, Pres, Clarence P McClelland,

President

J Francis Cooper, Pres Alfred S Adams, President, F Q. Brown, President Frank MacDaniel, Pres. J. E Bittmger, Pres Miss B. A Barber, Principal William Fielder, President Acting Principal. Rev C A Gilbert, Pres, John Wood Hatch, Principal E. A Bishop, President. Fiancis H. Greene, Head

Master.

Rev 0 E Olancler, Pres Geo. L. Plimpton, Principal Chas. L. Leonard, Principal Ezra T Franklin, Pres M 0. Fletcher, President Henry G Budd, President Gaylord W. Douglass, Head

Master. Rev John W Long, Pres

L L. Sprague, President. H 4. Bassett, President. Patton R Broyles, Pres W. H Patton, Principal Rev Heibert N Howard,

Principal Elmer H. Harrell, Principal

E C Remeke, President. Rev. W. E Callahan, Pres

Colleges

Claflm College

Clark University

Morgan College

New Orleans College

Philander Smith College

Rust College

Walden College . .

Wiley College . . .

Schools for Negroes Location Chief Officer

•Orangeburg, S. C J B Randolph, President Atlanta, Ga John W. Simmons, Piesident.

Baltimore, Md J 0. Spencer, President

Charles M Melden, President. . James M Cox, President

New Orleans, La Little Rock, Ark

Holly Springs, Miss M, S. Davage, President. Nashville, Tenn... . Thomas R Davis, President. Marshall, Tex. M. W. Dogan, President.

Professional Schools Gammon Theological

Seminary . .. Atlanta, Ga . Meharry Medical Colege. Nashville, Tenn

Philip M. Watters, President. John J. Mullowney, President.

Secondary Schools

Bennett College Cookman Institute Central Alabama Institute

George R. Smith College Haven Institute . . . Mornstown Normal and

Institute . . Princess Anne Academy Samuel Huston College

Location

. Greensboro, N. C. Jacksonville, Fla P 0 Drawer B., West End Sta , Birmingham, AJa. Sedalia, Mo . . . . Meridian, Miss Industrial . . , Mornstown, Tenn

. . Princess Anne, Md. . . Austin, Tex.

Chief Officer Frank Trigg, Pres Isaac H Miller, Principal H. H. Sutton, Pres.

Robert B. Hayes, Pres. J. B. F Shaw, Pres

Judson S. Hill, Pres Thomas H. Kiah, Principal. R N. Brooks, Pres.

Official Periodicals

Methodist Review (M-montHly) , 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Editor, George Elliott.

142 Year Book of the Churches

English (Weekly)

California Christian Advocate, 7 City Hall Avenue, San Fran- cisco, Calif., Editor, F. M. Larkin; Central Christian Advocate, 1121 McGee St, Kansas City, Mo., Editor, C. B. Spencer, Christian Advocate, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Editor, James R. Joy; Epworth Herald, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, 111., Editor, Dan B. Brummitt; Methodist Advocate- Journal, Athens, Tenn., Editor, J. M. Melear; Northwestern Christian Advocate, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, III., Editor, E. Robb Zarmg; Pacific Christian Advocate, 304-313 Artisans Bldg., Portland, Ore, Editor, Edward Laird Mills; Pittsburgh Christian Advocate, 524 Penn Avenue, Pitts- burgh, Pa., Editor, J. J. Wallace; Southwestern Christian Advocate, 631 Baronne St., New Orleans, La., Editor, Lucius H. King; Western Christian Advocate, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio, Editor, Ernest C. Waring.

German

Der Christliche Apologete (weekly), Hans und Herd (monthly), Editor, Rev. A. J. Bucher, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Doctrine

The Methodist Episcopal Church, through various evolutions, re- tains the original forms of doctrine set forth in the articles of re- ligion— Wesley's sermons and notes on the New Testament.

Polity

The constitution of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as adopted by the General Conference in 1900 and approved by the Annual Con- ferences, has three divisions — articles of religion, general rules and articles of organization and government The articles of Religion are those drawn up by John Wesley based upon the thirty-nine articles of the Church of England, with the exception of the twenty- third which has reference to allegiance to the Government of the United States. The general rules deal specifically with the conduct of the church members and the duties of certain church officers, particularly the class leaders. The articles of organization and gov- ernment lay down the general principles of the organization and conduct of churches and Conferences. The general form of Church government may be described as connectional. The ecclesiastical or- ganization includes the local church, the ministry and a system of conferences.

The system of conferences includes quarterly, district, mission, annual and general conferences.

The quarterly conference is identical in membership with the official board in each pastoral charge, and is the highest authority in the station or circuit for the purpose of local administration.

The district conference, while not an integral part of the Con- ference system, is made up of the traveling and local preachers of a district, the district stewards and other representatives. It meets once or twice a year under the presidency of a bishop or district superintendent and its duties are nearly identical with those of the quarterly conference.

The annual conference is an administrative and not a legislative body. Its membership is confined to traveling ministers. It receives reports from pastors, district superintendents and statisticians. The Bishop ordains candidates for deacon's or elder's orders, and appoints ministers to their charges; ministerial delegates are elected to the General Conference and questions of discipline are decided. A lay electoral conference, composed of one lay delegate from each pastoral

Directory of Religious Bodies 143

charge within its bounds, meets in connection witli the annual con- ference, just preceding the General Conference, in order to elect lay delegates to that conference.

The General Conference is the highest body in the church and is the general legislative and judicial body, first held in 1784, it was established as a delegated body in 1812. It convenes quadrennially and is composed of ministerial and lay delegates in equal numbers. The General Conference and the Annual Conference are incorporated with boards of trustees.

The ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church includes two orders, deacons and elders. Deacons have authority to solemnize matrimony, administer Baptism and assist in the administration of the Lord's Supper. Elders have in addition to these powers the power to consecrate the elements of the Lord's Supper and are eligible to appointment as district superintendents or election to any of the offices of the Church or to the Episcopacy. Originally, pastors, or itinerants, as they were termed, moved every six months, then every year. In 1804 the maximum length of pastorate was Axed at two years; in 1864 at three; 1888 at five, and in 1900 the time limit was removed entirely. Commissions of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, are considering a plan of union.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SOUTH

General Conference, quadrennial ; last session, May 3, 1922. Forty-eight Annual Conferences.

Bishops

William N. Ainsworth, Macon, Ga.

James Atkins, Waynesville, N. C.

W. B. Beauchampi, Brussels, Belgium.

H. A. Boaz, Seoul, Corea.

Warren Akin Candl-er, Atlanta, Ga.

James Cannon, Jr., 50 Bliss Bldg., Washington, D. C.

Urban V. W. Darlington, Huntington, W. Va.

Collins Denny, Richmond, Va. -• J. E. Dickey, Waco, Tex.

Hoyt M. Dobbs, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Horace M. Du Bose, Berkeley, Calif.

S. R. Hay, Shanghai, China.

Eugene Russell Hendrix (retired), Kansas City, Mo.

William F. McMurry, Louisville, Ky. — John M. Moore, 1308 Commerce St., Dallas, Tex.

Edwin Du Bose Mouzon, Nashville, Tenn.

William Belton Murrah, Memphis, Tenn.

BOARD OF MISSIONS, Lambuth Bldg., Nashville, Tenn. Sees. Foreign Dept , Rev. E. H. Rawlmgs, and Rev. W W. Pinson; Sees. Foreign Dept. (for women), Miss Mabel Howell, Miss Esther Case; Sees. Howe Dept , Rev. R. L. Russell and Rev J. W. Perry; Sees. Home Dept. (for women), Mrs. J. W. Downs, Mrs. J. H. McCoy; Educational Sec., Rev. C. G. Hounshell; Educational Sec. (for women), Mrs. Hume R. Steele; Treas., W. M. Cassetty, Jr., Acting.

BOARD OF CHURCH EXTENSION, Louisville, Ky. Sec., Rev. T. D. Ellis, Louisville, Ky.

BOARD OF ^EDUCATION, Nashville, Tenn. Sec., Rev. Stonewall Anderson; Assistant, W. E. Hogan.

SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD, Nashville, Tenn. Gen. Sec.} Rev. J. W. Shackford. Sunday School Editor, Rev. E. B. Chappell; Asso. Sunday

144 Year Book of the Churches

School Editors, Rev. Emmett High tower and Rev. L. F. Beaty; Supt. Training Work, Rev, L. F. Sensabaugh; Asst. Supt. Training Work, Rev. J. Q Schisler; Supt, Extension and Mission Work, Edmund F. Cook; Supt. Administrative, M. W. Brabham; Supt. Dept. Young People and Adult Work, Rev. W. C. Owen; Supt. Dept. Intermediate Senior Work, Rev. E. R. Stanford; Supt. Elementary Dept, Miss Minnie E. Kennedy.

EPWORTH LEAGUE, Nashville, Tenn. Sec., Rev. F. S. Parker; Asst., Rev. R. E. Nollner.

LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT, Nashville, Tenn. Sees., G. L. Morelock and J. M. Way.

DEPARTMENT OP MINISTERIAL SUPPLY AND TRAINING, Nashville, Tenn. Sec., Rev. R. H. Bennett.

BOARD OP FINANCE. Sec., Rev. Luther E. Todd, St. Louis, Mo.

PUBLISHING HOUSE, Nashville, Tenn., 810 Broadway. Publishing Agents, J. W. Barton, and Rev. A. J. Lamar; B>ook Editor, Rev. G. T. Rowe.

Universities Name Location President or Dean

Emoiy University Atlanta, Ga, H. W, Cox.

Southern Methodist Univer- sity Dallas, Tex James Kilgore, Acting

Colleges

Central College Fayette, Mo P. H. Lmn.

Hendrix College Conway, Ark. . J H, Reynolds,

Kentucky Wesleyan Winchester, Ky. .. .W, B, Campbell.

Millsaps College . . Jackson, Miss. A. P. Watkms

Randolph-Macon College . .Ashland, Va, . .R. E. Blackwell.

Southwestern University Georgetown, Tex, ,, , p W Horn

Trinity College Durham, N. C W. P. Few.

Wofford College Spartanburg, S. C H N. Snyder,

Athens College Athens, Ala B. B. Glasgow.

Columbia College Columbia, S C J, C. Guilds.

Gieensboro College for Wo- men . ... . Greensboro, N. C, S B Tuirentme.

Lander College Greenwood, S. C

Randolph-Macon Woman's Col- lege Lynchburg, Va. D R Anderson.

Texas Woman's College ...Fort Woith, Tex . .H. E Stout Wesleyan College , Macon, Ga. . , W. P, Quillian.

Woman's College of Alabama. Montgomeiy, Ala, .. ..Walter D. Aynew

Birmingham-Southern College Birmingham, Ala. Guy E Snavely

Emory and Henry College .Emory, Va J. N Hillrnan.

Galloway College Searcy, Ark. . . ..J M. Williams.

Grenada College . . . Grenada, Miss. J. R Countiss

Henderson-Biown College Arkadelphia, Ark. ... J. M Workman. Lagrange College .. . Lagrange, Ga . W. E. Thompson Morris Haivey College Baiboursville, W Va. Chas S Pettis. Southern College ... . Lakeland, Fla ..R. H. Alderman, Whitworth College .. ..Brookhaven, Miss. .1. W. Coopei. Port Gibson College .. ..Port Gibson, Miss. . . .D S Hogg Centenary College of Louisi- ana Shreveport, La. . George S, Sexton.

Junior Colleges

Alexander College . . . . Jacksonville, Tex R. G. Boger.

Andrew College . Cuthbert, Ga P. G. Branch.

Blackstojie College for Girls Blackstone, Va W. A. Christian

Carolina College Maxton, N. C . , . E J Gi eea

Centenary College (Conserva- tory) Cleveland, Tenn. . ,,J. W. Malone.

Central College for Women f Lexington, Mo Z. M Williams

Clarendon College . " Clarendon, Tex. George S. Slover

Davenport College . . . Lenoir, N. C Clifford L Hornaday

Hiwassee College .. MadisonviIIe, Tenn . James E Lowry.

Howard-Payne College . .Fayette, Mo W. L. Halberstadt.

Directory of Religious Bodies 14

Name Location Pnncipal or Dean

Kidd-Key College Sherman, Tex Edwin Kidd.

Larnbuth College Jackson, Tenn J. W. Blackard.

Logan College Russell ville, Ky A. P. Lyon.

Louisburg College Louisburg, N. C A W Mohn.

Mansfield College Mansfield, La R. E. Bobbilt.

Martha Washington College Abmgdon, Va. .. . J. E. Avant.

Martm College Pulaski, Tenn G. A. Morgan

Marvin College Fredencktown, Mo B. W. Loomis.

Meridian College Meridian, Tex J. H. Bowman.

Remhardt College Waleska, Ga . . .R. C Sharp

Rutherford College Rutherford College, N. C. ...M. T. Hmshaw.

Sparks College Sparks, Ga R. C Mizell.

South Georgia College McRae, Ga J. D. Smith.

Weaver College Weaverville, N C A. M. Norton.

Weatherf ord College Training Weatherf ord, Tex F. G. Rand.

School . ...

Wesley College Greenville, Tex G. F. Winfield.

Westmoreland College San Antonio, Tex Felix R. Hill, Jr.

Young L. G. Harris College. Young Harris, Ga J. A* Sharp.

Bible and Missionary Training School

Scarritt Bible and Training School Kansas City, Mo J L Cunninggim.

Academies

Brevard Institute Brevard, N. C C H. Trowbridge.

Carlisle School Bamberg, S. C W. C. Duncan.

Cherokee Junior College ...Cherokee, Tex Charles Nixon.

Columbia Junior College Milton, Oreg H. S. Shangle.

Downing Industrial School . . Brewton, Ala J. M. Shof ner.

Emory University School . . . Oxford, Ga A. W Rees

Ferrum Training School Ferrum, Va B M Beckham

Holding Institute Laredo, Tex J. M. Skinner.

Morton-Elliott College Elkton, Ky Richard A Foster.

John C C. Mayo College . . . Pamtsville, Ky H. G. Sowards.

Lindsay Wilson Training School Columbia, Ky R. V. Bennett.

Marvin University School . Clinton, Ky W. M. Cooper.

McFerrm School Martin, Tenn G. L. Morelock.

McTyeire School McKenzie, Tenn James A. Robins.

Mississippi Conf. Training School ,. . Montrose, Miss E. L. Alford.

Morton-Elliott School . Elkton, Ky. .. . A P Lyon.

Randolph-Macon Academy... Bedford City, Va E. Sumter Smith.

Randolph-Macon Academy... Front Royal, Va Charles L. Melton.

Randolph-Macon Institute .. Danville, Va Charles G. Evans.

Seashore Camp Ground School Biloxi, Miss H. W. Van Hook.

Sloan-Hendnx Academy ...Imboden, Ark J. C. Eaton.

Sue Bennett Memorial School London, Ky A W. Mohn.

Thomas Industrial Institute. .DeFumak Springs, Fla ..C. H. Motley.

Trinity Park School . ...Durham, N. C ..F. S. Aldndge.

WeSatherford College Train- ing School Weatherford, Tex F. G. Rand.

Wofford College F il 1 1 i n g School Spartanburg, S. C W. C. Herbert.

Mission Schools

Flat Rock High School. .. .Flat Rock, Ala G. W. Floyd.

Fulsom Training School . Smithville, Okla H. B. Hubbell

Horry Industrial School Aynor, S. C S. C. Brown.

Jefferson School Jefferson, N. C E. M. Jones.

Scarntt-Morrisville College. .. Morrisville, Mo J. J. Copeland.

Textile Industrial Institute. . Spartanburg:, S. C D. E. Camak.

Vashti Industrial Institute. . Thomas ville, Ga Charlotte Dye.

Weddmgton Industrial Insti- tute Matthews, N. C R. E. Hmshaw.

Periodicals

Christian Advocate, Nashville, Tenn., Editor, Rev. Thomas Ivey; Methodist Quarterly Review, Nashville, Tenn., Editor, R€ G. T. Rowe; Epworth Era, Nashville, Tenn., Editor, Rev. F. Parker; Missionary Voice, Nashville, Tenn., Editor Rev. A. J. Week Alabama Christian Advocate, Birmingham, Ala., Editor, Rev. M.

146 Year Book of the Churches

Lazenby; Richmond Christian Advocate, Richmond, Va, Editor, Rev. J. M. Rowland; Baltimore Southern Methodist, Baltimore, Md., Editor, Rev. Carlton I). Hams; Central Methodist, Louisville, Ky., Editor, Rev. T. S. Hulse; Missions Freund, San Antonio, Tex., Editor, Rev. John A. G. Rabe; Florida Christian Advocate, Lakeland, Fla., Editor, Rev. J. Edgar Wilson; Methodist Advocate Herald, Point Pleasant, W. Va., Editor, R. P. Bell; Central Methodist Advocate, Nashville, Tenn., Editor, Rev. J. A. Burrow; New Orleans Christian Advocate9 New Orleans, La., Editor, Rev. H. T. Carley; North Carolina Christian Advocate, Greensboro, N. C., Editor, Rev. Alva W. Plyler; Pacific Methodist Advocate, San Francisco, Calif., Editor, Rev W. H. Nelson; St. Louis Christian Advocate,, St. Louis, Mo., Editor, Rev. G. B. Winton; Southern Christian Advocate, Columbia, S. C, Editor, Rev. R. E. Stackhouse; Texas Christian Advocate, Dallas, Tex., Editor, Rev. P. E. Riley; Wesley an Christian Advocate, Atlanta, Ga., Editor, Rev. W. P. King; Arkansas Methodist, Little Rock, Ark., Editor, Rev. A. C. Millar.

History

In the early history and development of Methodism in America, the territory included both slave holding and non-slave holding states. The development prior to 1844 was largely in the slave holding areas and six out of the nine bishops -elected previous to 1844 had been natives of slaveholdmg states. Nevertheless, the Methodist preachers of the time were, with practical unanimity, opposed to human bondage.

The Christmas Conference of 1784, which organized the scattered congregations into the Methodist Episcopal Church, enacted a specific rule which required all slaveholding members, under penalty of ex- pulsion for non-compliance, to emancipate their slaves. This rule, however, was suspended within less than six months and after various conflicting measures had been adopted, the General Conference of 1808 provided that thereafter each annual conference should deal with the whole matter according to its own judgment. The General Conference of 1816 modified this by another statute which remained in f force until 1844, to the effect that no slaveholder should be ap- pointed to any official position in the church, if the state in which he lived made it possible for him to liberate his slaves.

Bishop James 0. Andrew, of Georgia, one of the Bishops of the Church, became by inheritance and marriage a nominal slaveholder. Under the laws of Georgia it was not possible for him or his wife to free their slaves. The General Conference of 1844 called attention to the embarrassment which would result from this connection with slavery by a Bishop in the exercise of his office and declared it "The sense of this General Conference that he desist from the exercise of his office so long as this impediment remains." The Southern dele- gates resented this action. They contended that the episcopacy was not a mere office subject to the control of any General Conference or church government. The outgrowth of this controversy was the drawing up of a provisional plan of separation, to become effective whenever the Southern conferences deem it necessary. A convention of Southern delegates was held in Louisville, Ky., and on May 17, 1845, the plan of separation was approved and the Annual Confer- ences in the slaveholding states were erected into a distinct eccle- siastical connection, separate from the jurisdiction of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal ,Church. The new body added the word "South" to the name of the Methodist Episcopal Church to distinguish it from the other organization. Its first General Confer- ence was^held in Petersburg, Va., in 1846. The M. E. Church, South, began with two Bishops and sixteen annual conferences. In 1846 there were 1,519 traveling preachers, 2,833 local preachers, 327,284 white members, 124,961 Negro members, and 2,972 Indian members,

Directory of Religious Bodies 147

or a total of 459,569. The growth of the Church was rapid and when the war between the states began the membership had increased to 757,205, including 207,776 Negroes. The war wrought havoc in the Church. During the war the annual conferences met irregularly or in fragments, the General Conference of 1862 was not held, and the whole order of the itinerancy was interrupted. The missionaries in China were cut off from their home boards and would have suffered much but the M. E. Church endorsed the drafts for their support. There was a reduction during the period of the war of one-third of the total membership. The Negro members either joined the African Methodist Church or the Methodist Episcopal Church. The remainder of the Negroes formed, in 1870, an independent organization known as the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church. Following the war the work of reconstruction went forward rapidly. The General Confer- ence of 1866 made changes in regard to lay representation in annual and general conferences, followed by a period of rapid growth.

Doctrine

In doctrine, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, is in agree- ment with other branches of Methodism throughout the World and puts special emphasis upon the universality of the atonement, the wit- ness of the Spirit, and the possibility of holiness in heart and life.

Polity

In its polity it is in close accord with the Methodist Episcopal Church, emphasizing the episcopacy, which was one of the conten- tions resulting in the separation of 1844. The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, bishops hold office for life, unless removed by due process of law for personal or official misconduct and have a limited veto on constitutional questions over the acts of the General Confer- ence. There is equal clerical and lay representation in the Genera] Conference, and effective lay representation in the annual conferences, The itinerancy is still maintained, but the four year's limit of pas- torate was modified by the General Conference of 1918. Action taken by that Conference, while not abolishing the four-year rule, gives the Bishop in charge power to appoint a minister to a charge from yeai to year after four years* service when there is unanimous request by the Quarterly Conference of the Church for his return.

Commissions ai^e considering plan of union for Methodist Epis- copal Church, South, and Methodist Episcopal Church. The General Conference of 1922 also appointed a commission on union with the United Brethren. ^0*

METHODIST PBOTESTANT CHURCH

General Conference, quadrennial ; next meeting in May, 1924. Twenty-nine Annual Conferences and eight Mission Confer- ences.

Officers : Pres., Eev. Thomas H. Lewis, 2844 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D. C ; Sec., Eev. Charles H. Beck, 613 W. Diamond St., N. S , Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Treas., Mr. H C. Staley, 1025 Gal- vert Bldg., Baltimore, Md.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Baltimore, Md. Pres., Eev. F. W. Varney, Merrick, N. Y.; Recording Sec., Rev. J. C. Broomfield, Fair- mont, W. Va.; Corresponding Sec., Rev. F. C. Klein, 316 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Md,

148 Year Book of the Churches

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS, Pittsburgh, Pa. Pres., Mr. H. A. Sicker, West Lafayette, Ohio; Sec., Rev. Charles H. Beck, 613 W. Diamond St. N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.

BOARD OF EDUCATION, Pittsburgh, Pa. Pres., J. W. Rnott, New Brighton, Pa.; Sec., Rev. George H. Miller, 613 W. Diamond St. N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION. Agents, Charles Reiner, Jr., 316 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Md., and Mr. L. H. Neiplm, 613 W. Diamond St. N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.

BOAJRD OF YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK, Pittsburgh, Pa. Pres., Mr. Ely D. Miller, 263 Chittenden Ave., Columbus, Ohio; Sec., Rev. E. A. Sexsmith, 1620 W. North Ave., Baltimore, Md.

FORWARD MOVEMENT COMMITTEE, Pittsburgh, Pa. Pres , Rev. Thomas H. Lewis, 2844 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D. C. ; Sec., Rev. Crates S. Johnson, St. Joe, Ind.

WOMAN'S BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Mrs. Henry Hup- fteld, Catonsville, Md ; See., Mrs. Win. M. Sturgeon, 316 Hastings St., Pittsburgh. Organ; Woman's Missionary Record.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Pres., Mrs. A. G. Dixon, Greensboro, N. C.; Sec., Mrs. Jane A. Gordon, 5428 Howe St., Pitts- burgh, Pa.

Colleges Name Location President

Adrian College Adrian, Mich Harlan L. Feeman.

Kansas City University : Kansas City, Kans J. C. Williams.

Western Maryland College Westminster, Md. A. Norman Ward.

Westminster College Tehuacana, Tex J. E Butler, Act- ing.

Theological Seminary Westminster Theological Seminary . Westminster Md H. L. Elder dice.

Periodicals

Methodist Protestant, Baltimore, Md., Editor, Key, Frank T. Benson, 316 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Md.; Methodist Recorder, Pittsburgh, Pa., Editor, Eev. Lyman Edwyn Davis, 613 W. Diamond St. N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Sunday School Periodicals, Editor, Rev. Charles Edgar Wilbur, 613 W. Diamond St. N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa. Unofficial: The Methodist Protestant Herald, Greensboro, N. C., Editor and Publisher, Eev. J. F. McColloch, Greensboro, N. C.

History

The Methodist Protestant Church was organized in Baltimore in 1830 as a protest against the general practice of the Methodist Epis- copal Church investing legislative, executive, and judicial power in the ministry to the exclusion of lay members. At the time of organi- zation 83 ministers were enrolled and some 5,000 members.

In 1858 there was a division of the Church growing out of the question of suffrage and eligibility to office of negroes, but after the settlement of the slavery question the two branches of the Methodist Protestant Church, were reunited in 1877.

Doctrine

The doctrines of the Methodist Protestant Church are those com- mon to Methodists generally. An Arminian theology with emphasis on repentence, faith and holiness.

Polity

In polity the Methodist Protestant Church differs radically from other forms of Methodism in the United States. It has no Bishops or

Directory of Religious Bodies 149

Presiding Elderb and no life officers of any kind. Ministers and laymen are equal in number and in power in all the legislative bodies of the Church. The general organization includes a system of quarterly, annual and general conferences similar to those of Episcopal Method- ism. The Annual Conference elects a President as does the General Conference. In the Maryland Conference, the President of the An- nual Conference appoints the preachers to their charges, each minister having the right to be heard, also the right of appeal. In all other conferences a committee known as the Stationing Committee is -elected by vote of the ministers and laymen composing the Annual Conference. This committee hears requests from both the ministers and laymen involving on the part of the minister the charge which he desires to serve for the ensuing year, and on the part of the lay delegate from the pastoral charge an expression of his desire as to who shall be pastor of his charge for the coming year. After hear- ing all of these requests, the committee renders a report to the Annual Conference, which report must have the approval of the Conference and may be amended, recommitted or rejected.

PEEE METHODIST CHURCH OF NORTH AMERICA

General Conference, quadrennial; next session, 1923.

Forty-three annual conferences.

Headquarters, 1132 "Washington Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

Officers of the Trustees of the General Conference: Pres., Bishop "Walter A. Sellew; Sec., Rev. Mendal B. Miller, 1131 Elk St., Franklin, Pa. ; Treas., Eev. N. "W. Fink, 1132 Washington Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

Bishops

William H. Clark, 412 William St., Rome, N. Y. William Pearce, 2318 Eidge Ave., Evanston, 111. Walter A. Sellew» 68 Falconer St., Jamestown, N. Y. David S. Warner, Glen Ellyn, 111.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Bishop D. S. Warner; Gen. Sec., Rev. L. G. Lewis, 1132 Washington Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

GENERAL MISSIONARY BOARD. Pres., Bishop W. Pearce; Sec., Rev. W. B. Olmstead, 1132 Washington Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Pres., Mrs. Mary L. Coleman, Champaign, 111. ; Cor. Sec., Mrs. Charlotte T. Bolles, Oneida, N. Y.; Treas., Mrs. Lillian C. Jensen, 1132 Washington Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

CHURCH EXTENSION SOCIETY. Pres., Bishop W. H. Clark; Sec., Bishop D. S. Warner.

GENERAL SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD. Pres., Bishop D. S. Warner; Sec.t Rev. J. B. Lutz, 1132 Washington Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

BOARD OF CHARITIES AND BENEVOLENCES. Pres., Bishop W. H. Clark; Sec., Rev. W. B. Olmstead.

BOARD OP CONFERENCE CLAIMANTS. Pres., Bishop D. S, Warner; Sec., E. A. Holtwick, Greenville, 111.

Colleges Name Location President

Greenville College Greenville, 111 Eldon G. Burritt.

Central Academy and College . . . . McPherson, Kans C, A. StolL

Evansville Seminary and Junior Col- lege Evansville, Wis S. E. Cooper.

Seattle Pacific College .Seattle, Wash 0. E. Tiffany.

Wessmgton. Springs Junior College — Wessmgton Springs, S. D..B. J. Vincent.

150 Year Book of the Churches

Periodicals

Free Methodist, Chicago, 111., Editor, Rev. Jacob T. Logan; Light and Life Evangel, Chicago, 111., Editor, Rev. George W. Griffith; Sun- day School Worker, Chicago, 111., Editor, Rev. J. E. Lutz; Missionary Tidings, Chicago, 111., Editor, Miss Adella P. Carpenter.

History

The Free Methodist Church had its orign in the Genesee Con- ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 1850, in the state of New York. The movement for this organization was led by min- isters who felt strongly that the Methodism of their time had de- parted in no small degree from its primitive standards of faith, ex- perience and practice. The publication of articles by these leaders led to the arraignment of their leader who was declared guilty and expelled from the church on the charge of contumacy. Other prose- cutions and expulsions, on similar grounds, followed in quick suc- cession, resulting in appeals and controversies which finally resulted in the organization at Pekin, N. Y., in 1860, of the Free Methodist Church.

Doctrine

The standards of doctrine of this Church are embodied in the Articles of Faith held by the Methodist Episcopal Church with two additions, — one, on entire sanctification, which is defined as being saved from all inward sin, and as a work which takes place subse- quently to justification and is wrought instantaneously upon the con- secrated, believing soul; and the other, on future rewards and pun- ishments, embodying the stricter view as to a general judgment and the future condition of the righteous and the wicked.

Polity

The general organization of the church is that common to Methodism with the exception that on credentials of proper election, laymen, including women, are admitted to the district, annual, and general conferences in equal numbers and on the same basis as ministers.

In place of the episcopacy, general superintendents are elected to supervise the work at large, preside at the conferences, etc. These general superintendents are elected for four years at a time, but may be reelected until death or failing powers terminate their term of service. District elders are appointed over the conference districts. The probationary system and the class meeting are emphasized and regarded as an important ^part of the church's economy.

The aim of the organization is to maintain and exemplify regu- lations and usages of Methodism as originally organized, its general rules are those formulated by John "Wesley and still subscribed to by Methodist Churches generally in addition to one against slavery and one forbidding the production, use, or sale of narcotics. It insists upon a practical observance of the general rules by all its members, including simplicity and plainness of attire, abstinence from worldly amusements, and separateness from all secret societies. It also ex- cludes instrumental music and choir singing from public worship and requires that the seats be free in all its churches.

WESLEYAN METHODIST CONNECTION OP AMERICA

General Conference, quadrennial; next session, June, 1923. Annual conferences, 23, with a mission conference in India and in Africa.

Directory of Religious Bodies 151

Headquarters : 330 E. Onondaga St., Syracuse, N. Y.

Officers: Pres., E. G. Dietrich; See., Eev. E. D. Carpenter; Treas., Dr. J. S. Wiliett.

Officers of General Conference : Pr es., Eev. E. Teter, Sheri- dan, Ind.; Sec., Eev. E. P. McCarty, 222 S. Clemens Ave., Lansing, Mich.

THE BOOK COMMITTEE is the Board of Managers of all the con- nectional societies: Publishing, Missionary, Superannuated, Educa- tional and Sunday School.

MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Gen. Sec., Rev. T. P, Baker, Sheridan, Ind.; Field Sec. of Foreign Missions, Rev. E. F. McCarty, Lansing, Mich.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Pres., Mrs, W. L. Northam, Sheridan, Ind.; Cor. Sec., Mrs. Mabel Perrine, Brighton, Mich.

Colleges

Name, Location President

Central College Central S. C L, B, Smith.

Houghton College Houghton, N. Y . J. S. Luckey.

Marion College Marion, Ind . ... J W Leedy

Milton vale College ... . .. .Miltonvale, Kans ... H. W. McDowell.

Periodical

The Wesley an Methodist (weekly) , Syracuse, N. Y ., Editor, F. A. Butterfield. Sunday School S<ec.t I. F. McLeister, Canandaigua, New York.

History

The Wesleyan Methodist Connection of America was organized May 31, 1843, at Utica, New York. It was the outgrowth of con- troversy over what was termed "liberty of testimony and freedom of discussion" and was also a protest against the exercise of ecclesiasti- cal authority. The purpose of the new organization in Methodism was the organization of a Church that should be anti-slavery and non-Episcopal. About 6,000 members, most of them in New York state, united in this organization. They chose what they called a republican form of government in which the majority shall rule and the laity have equal rights with the ministry. Three restrictions were emphasized: first, all connection with slavery was prohibited, and any person who in any sense believed in, slavery was debarred from membership; second, the use or manufacture of intoxicants, or aiding or abetting the same, either directly or indirectly, was pro- hibited; third, membership in secret societies was prohibited.

Doctrine

In doctrine the Church is in accord with the Methodist bodies generally throughout the world. It holds that man is not only jus- tified by faith m Christ, but also sanctified by faith, and that all who accept Him as Saviour and Lord will be so delivered from sin and its consequences that they will enter upon the eternal state without impairment either in body, soul, or spirit.

Polity

The ecclesiastical organization of the Church is essentially that of the other branches except in respect to the episcopacy and the par- ticipation of the laity in church government. Before being ordained, ministers must be recommended by the laity and the ministry and government of the church are just what the laity make them.

152 Year Book of the Churches

PRIMITIVE

General Conference, quadrennial; next meeting, Kewanee, 111., last Wednesday in September, 1925.

Officers: Pres., Eev. G. J. Jeffries, Bangor, Pa.; Sec., Rev. C. H. Kershaw, New Bedford, Mass , Treas , Rev. W. B. Taylor, Lonsdale, R. I.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. J. A. Tinker, Pitts- burgh, Pa.; Sec., Rev. J. Iley, Tamaqua,, Pa.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Rev. J. Proude, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Sec., Rev. S. T. Nichols, Philadelphia, Pa.

Periodical

Primitive Methodist Journal (semi-monthly), Editor, Rev. E. Humphries, Billerica Center, Mass.

History

The organization of the Primitive Methodist Church appears to have grown out of a protest against camp meetings. Camp meetings figured prominently in America. The first camp meeting appears to have been conducted in eastern Kentucky in 1800 by a union of Methodists and Presbyterians. The Presbyterians, however, with- drew from these meetings and the camp meeting became a special feature of Methodist revival work throughout the West and South.

Certain leaders of the Wesleyan movement in England, hearing of the great results of American Camp meetings, were instrumental in having a camp meeting at Mow Cop, Staffordshire, England, in 1807. The Wesleyan connection, however, firmly protested against these camp meetings and declined to receive converts from them unless they would pledge themselves to break off all connection with such meetings. As a result, the first society of an independent character was organized in March, 1810, at Standley, and was com- posed of 10 converts, none of whom belonged to any other church. The name "Primitive" was officially assumed at a meeting held in February, 1812. The subsequent emigration of considerable num- bers of members to America led to the formation of societies in various parts of the United States and Canada, the first mission- aries arriving in the United States in 1829. In 1840, American Primi- tive Methodism became independent of and separate from the British Conference which independence it still maintains. As the work ex- tended, three conferences were formed — the Western, the Pennsylvania and the Eastern.

Doctrine

The doctrine of the Primitive Methodist Church is essentially that of other branches of Methodism.

Polity

In polity the church is in general accord with other forms of Methodism. It has a quadrennial General Conference and annual and quarterly conferences and general and district committees of the annual conferences conduct the work between sessions. There are no Bishops or Presiding Elders, and no time limit for the pastorate. Each church is supplied largely by invitation. When an invitation is accepted by a minister, the annual conference simply ratifies the agree- ment, except for grave reasons. All uninvited ministers are sta- tioned by the annual conference, and no candidates for the ministry are received unless there are churches for them.

Directory of Religious Bodies 153

CONGREGATIONAL

General Conference, quadrennial.

Thirteen state conferences.

Officers of the General Conference: Pres., Eev. N. B. Fair;

Sec , J. M. Hays, Laurel, Miss.

EDUCATIONAL BOAKD. Chmn., T. W. Collins, Ellisville, Miss. BOARD OF PUBLICATION, Laurel, Miss. Chmn., G. W. Blacklidge, Laurel, Miss.; Sec.-Treas., C. C. Pearson.

Periodical

Messenger (semi-monthly), Ellisville, Miss., Editor, Eev. G. C. VanDevender.

History

The Congregational Methodist Church was organized at Forsyth, Georgia, in May, 1852, as a protest against certain features of the episcopacy and itinerancy. The organization was formed for the purpose as expressed of securing a more democratic form of Church government. The Congregational form of government was adopted, although modified by a degree of connectionalism. The movement extended into Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and Mississippi and at present churches are to be found in most of the Southern and some of the Northern states.

In 1887 and 1888 nearly one-third of the churches of this organi- zation joined the Congregationalists. Later a number of these re- turned and the church gained in strength for a while, but within the past decade has suffered heavy losses.

Doctrine The doctrinal position of the church is distinctly Methodistic.

Polity

Its polity is congregational, constituting the chief distinction be- tween it and other Methodists.

NEW CONGREGATIONAL METHODIST CHUBCH Address Eev. "W. A. Thompson, Stockton, Ga.

History

The New Congregational Methodist Church was organized in the state of Georgia as a protest against the action of the Board of Mi§- sions of the Georgia Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in 1881, consolidating a number of the smaller churches in the southern part of the state, without consultation with the Churches interested. The New Congregational Methodist Church resulted through a movement of these churches, thus consolidated, without consultation.

Dcctrine and Polity

A new constitution was adopted with a congregational polity and the Methodist system of ductrine, emphasizing the parity of the ministry, the right of the local church to elect its own officers an- nually, the rejection of the principle of assessments, all offerings to be absolutely freewill, and permission for those who desired it to ob- serve the ceremony of foot-washing in connection with the admin- istration of the Lord's Supper. The form of Church government is congregational.

154 Year Book of the Churches

AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

General Conference, quadrennial.

Sec., Rev. William D. Johnson, Plains, Ga.

Bishops

William W. Beckett, 378 Cumberland St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

William D. Chappelle, 1208 Harden St., Columbia, S. C.

James M. Conner, 1519 Pulaski St., Little Rock, Ark.

Levi Jenkins Coppin, 1013 Bainbndge St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Joseph Simeon Flipper, 401 Houston St., Atlanta, Ga.

William Henry Heard, 1426 Rockland St., Philadelphia, Pa.

John Hurst, 1808 McCulloh St., Baltimore, Md.

J. Albert Johnson, 1412 N. 18th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Joshua H. Jones, Wilberforce, Ohio.

Benjamin Franklin Lee, Wilberforce, Ohio.

Henry Blanton Parks, 3312 Calumet St., Chicago, 111.

Isaac N. Boss, 1616 Fifteenth St., N. W., Washington, D. C., and Monrovia, West Africa.

Benjamin Tucker Tanner (retired), 2908 Diamond St., Philadel- phia, Pa.

William D. Johnson, Plains, Georgia.

A. J. Carey, 3428 Vernon Avenue, Chicago, 111.

W. Sampson Brooks, 1405 Argyle Ave., Baltimore, Md.

William T. Vernon, 27th and Parkway^ Kansas City, Kans.

William A. Fountain, 418 Houston St., Atlanta, Ga.

BOARD OF MISSIONS, 61 Bible House, New York City. Sec., Rev. J. W. Rankin.

BOARD OF EDUCATION, Waco, Tex. Sec., A. S. Jackson.

SOCIETY OF CHURCH EXTENSION, 1535 Fourteenth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Sec., Rev. B. F. Watson.

SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION, 8th and Lea Avee., Nashville, Tenn. Sec., Ira T. Bryant.

ALLEN CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR SOCIETY, 8th and Lea Aves., Nash- ville, Tenn. Sec., Rev. S. S. Morris, 705 St. Paul St., Norfolk, Va.

BOARD OF FINANCE, 1541 Fourteenth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Sec., J. R. Hawkins.

PUBLICATION BOARD, A. M. E. Book Concern, 631 Pine St., Phila- delphia, Pa. Gen. Bus. Mgr., Rev. R. R. Wright, Jr.

WOMEN'S PARENT MITE MISSIONARY SOCIETY, Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Mr. Mary F. Handy, 1341 N. Carey St., Baltimore, Md.

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY, Charleston, S. C. Pres., Mrs. S. G. Simmons.

Colleges and Universities Name Location President

AHen University . Columbia, S, C .. ..R W. Mance.

Campbell College . . Jackson, Miss

Edward Waters College . . .Jacksonville, Pla

Kittrel College Lampton College

Payne University Paul Qumn College Shorter College

.Kittrel, N C G.A.Edwards.

. . Alexandria, La.

Morns Brown University . . ..Atlanta, Ga J B Lewis.

Selma, Ala H. E. Archer.

. .Waco, Tex J. K. Williams.

.Argenta, Ark S L. Green.

Turner College Shelbyville, Tenn ,.J A. Jones

Western University Qumsdare, Kans . . P. J. Peck

Wilberforce University Wilberforce, Ohio J A. Gregg.

Theological Seminaries Theological Department, Allen Univer- Dean

sity . . . Columbia, S. C

Payne Theological Seminary Wilberforce, Ohio G F. Woodson.

Turner Theological Seminary . . ..Atlanta, Ga W. G. Alexander

Tanner Theological Seminary .Jacksonville, Fla

Directory of Religious Bodies 155

Periodicals

Christian Recorder (weekly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, Rev. R. R. Wright, Jr.; African Methodist Episcopal Review (quarterly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, Rev. R. C. Ransom; Southern Christian Recorder (weekly), Nashville Term., Editor, Rev. G. W. Allen; Voice oj- Missions (monthly), New York City, Editor, Rev. J. W. Rankm; The Allemte, Norfolk, Va., Editor, Rev. S. S. Morris; Woman's Christian Recorder, Fort Scott, Kans., Editress, Mrs. Katherine D. Tilden.

History

As early as 1787 a company of Negro Methodists in Philadel- phia, dissatisfied with conditions and hoping to secure larger privi- leges and more freedom of action than they believed possible in as- sociation with their white brethren, withdrew, built a chapel and obtained a Negro preacher through ordination by Bishop White of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

In 1793, Bishop Asbury dedicated, in Philadelphia, the Bethel Church, built by Richard Allen, a well-to-do Negro, and the platform adopted by the congregation prohibited their white brethren from electing or being elected to an office among them save that of preacher or public speaker. Similar societies were organized throughout New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, all under the general supervision however, of th-e Methodist Episcopal Church, until 1814, when it was announced that the white preachers could no longer retain pastoral responsibility for the Bethel congregation. Then, in 1816, the vari- ous Negro congregations in this territory met in convention and or- ganized a Church, under the title of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

Previous to the War Between the States, the development of the African Methodist Episcopal Church was chiefly confined to Penn- sylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Marvland, New England states, New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and Kentucky, the church having organized only in one Southern state and that the city of New Orleans, La. After the war the Church expanded rapidly throughout the South and today it is represented in each of the orig- inal slave holding states, while its Northern field includes the North- ern states from the Atlantic to the Pacific and Ontario in Canada.

Richard Allen, who had built the first distinctively Negro church in Philadelphia, was elected Bishop and consecrated by five regularly ordained ministers, one of whom was a priest of the Protestant Epis- copal Church.

Among the points emphasized in the first conference at which the organization was given shape were the duty of loyalty and obedi- ence to civil government and the parity of the ministry on such basis that any minister coming from another denomination should be re- ceived in the same official standing that he held in the church from which he came.

Doctrine

The African Methodist Episcopal Church is in substantial agree- ment with Methodist bodies generally in doctrine.

Polity

In polity the chief difference between the African Methodist Episcopal Church and other bodies of Methodism is that in other

156 Year Book of the Churches

Episcopal bodies the Bishops are itinerant, traveling at large through- out the denomination, while in the African Church the territory is divided into Episcopal districts, over each of which a Bishop is ap- pointed and for which he is wholly responsible.

AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL General Conference, quadrennial.

Bishops

J. W. Alstork, 231 Cleveland Ave., Montgomery, Ala.

G. L. Blackwell, 420 S. llth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

K. B. Bruce, 203 S. Brevard St., Charlotte, N. C.

J. S. Caldwdl, 420 S. llth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

G. C. Clement, 1425 W. Walnut St., Louisville, Ky.

G. W. Clinton, 415 N. Myers St., Charlotte, N. C.

J. W. Hood (retired) , 445 Eamsey St., Fayetteville, N, C.

L. W, Kyles, 4301 W. Bell Place, St. Louis, Mo.

W. L. Lee, 450 Qumcy St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

A. J. Warner, 220 E. Boundary St., Charlotte, N. C.

CHURCH EXTENSION, 420 S. llth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres.f Bishop W. L. Lee; Cor. Sec.-Treas., J. C. Dancy.

EDUCATION, 613 N. Garrison Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Pres., Bishop G. L. Blackwell; Cor. Sec.-Treas., J. W, Martin.

FINANCE, 420 S. llth St , Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Bishop J. S. Caldwell; Cor. Sec.-Treas., Rev. W. H. Goler.

FOBEIGN MISSIONS, 1046 Traub Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Pres., Rev. J. H. McMullen; Cor. Sec.-Treas., J. W. Wood.

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 624 S. 16th St. Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Mrs, Florence Randolph; Cor. See., Mrs. A. W. Blackwell.

PUBLICATION, Second and Brevard Sts., Charlotte, N. C. Pres., Bishop G. W. Clinton; Mgr., J. W. Crockett; Tr&as., Rev. J. Harvey Anderson.

SUPERANNUATED MINISTERS, WIDOWS AND ORPHANS, 420 S. llth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Bishop A. J. Warner; Cor. Sec., Rev. C. W. Winfield; Treas., Rev. A. P. Petly.

SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION, Charlotte, N. C. Pres., Bishop R. B. Bruce; Cor. Sec.-Treas., J. W. Eichelberger, Jr.

MINISTERIAL BROTHERHOOD, 276 Division St., New Haven, Conn. Pres., Bishop L. W. Kyles; Cor. Sec.-Treas., Rev. C. S. Whitted.

EVANGELISM, 1425 W. Walnut St., Louisville, Ky. Pres., Bishop G. C. Clement; Sec., E. L. Watkins; Treas., Rev. J. H. McMullen.

VAEICK CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR UNION, Pensacola, Fla. Pres., Rev. J. W. Brown; Cor. Sec., Aaron Brown; Treas., Rev. G. M. Oliver.

LEGION OF FINANCIERS, Yonkers, N. Y. Pres., Rev. W- D. Clin- ton; Sec., Rev. J. J. Smyer.

CONNECTIONAL TRUSTEE BOARD. Pres., Rev. W. C. Brown; Sec., Rev. J. H. Moseley; Treas., Rev. C. W. P. Mitchell.

Schools

Name Location President or Dean

Atkinson College Madisonville, Ky. . . J. W. Muir.

Clinton Institute Rock Hill, S. C R. J. Boulware.

Dmwiddie A and I School Dmwiddie, Va. , W E. Woodyard.

Eastern North Carolina Industrial

School New Bern, N C W. M. Sutton.

Edenton Normal and Industrial School. Edenton, N. C W P. Games.

Greenville College Greenville, Tenn. Arthur A. Madison.

Hood Theological Seminary Salisbury, N. C W 0. Carrington.

Lancaster High School Lancaster, S. C M." D. Lee,

Directory of Religious Bodies 157

Name ' "™1 Location President or Dean

Livingstone College Salisbury, N. C D. C. Suggs.

Lomax-Hannon High School Greenville, Ala. J. R Wmgfield.

Macon Industrial School Macon, Ga B. J. Bridges.

Walters Institute Warren, Ark J. W. Eichelberger.

Periodicals

Star of Zion (weekly), Charlotte, N. C., Editor., Rev. J. Har- vey Anderson; Western Star of Zion (weekly), E. St. Louis, HI., Editor, Rev. T. W. Wallace; Quarterly Review, New Rochelle, N. Y., Editor, Rev. C. C. Alleyne; Missionary Seer (monthly), Indianapolis, Ind., Editor, Rev. J. W. Wood.

History

Among the early independent Negro Methodist congregations of this country was one organized in New York City in 1796 from mem- bers of the old John Street Methodist Church. This independent or- ganization was prompted by the desire that "they might have oppor- tunity to exercise their spiritual gifts among themselves and thereby be more useful to one another" and was occasioned largely by the "caste prejudice which forbade their taking the sacrament until the white members were all served" and by the desire of other church privileges denied them and by the conviction that it would assist in the development of a ministry adapted to their needs. The first Church was built in the year 1800 and was called "Zion." The next year it was incorporated as the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.

Under articles of agreement, this Church was supplied with preachers by the Methodist Episcopal Church until 1820, when the congregation formally withdrew from the supervision of white pas- tors and entered with their congregations into a separate and inde- pendent organization. This organization confined its activities to the Northern area until 1863, since which times it has had rapid de- velopment and has organized generally throughout the South.

Doctrine

In doctrine, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church is in accord with the general doctrines of Methodism.

Polity

In polity it is in substantial agreement with the Methodist Epis- copal Church, having the same system of conferences, quarterly, an* nual and general. The itinerancy is maintained throughout all ranks of ministers.

COLOEED METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH

General Conference, quadrennial; next session at Muskogee, Okla., May, 1926.

Sec. of Gen. Conf., Eev. M. F. Brinson, Box 301, Fort Val- ley, Ga.

Bishops

R. S. Williams, 912 Fifteenth St., Augusta, Ga. E. Cottrell, Holly Springs, Miss. C. H. Phillips, 123 Fourteenth Ave., Nashville, Tenn. R. A. Carter, 4408 Vincennes Ave., Chicago, 111. N. C. Cleaves, 4145 Enright St., St. Louis, Mo. R. T. Brown, Birmingham, Ala.

158 Year Book of the Churches

J. C, Martin, Jackson, Tenn.

J. A. Hamlett, Nashville, Tenn.

J. W. McKmney, Sherman, Tex.

Isaac Lane (retired), 422 Laconte St., Jackson, Tenn.

BOARD OF MISSIONS. Pres., Bishop N. C. Cleaves; Sec., Rev. J. H. Moore, Holly Springs, Miss.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Bishop R, A, Carter; Sec., Rev. J, A. Bray, Birmingham, Ala.

BOARD OF CHURCH EXTENSION. Pres., Bishop R. A. Carter; Sec., Rev. R. R. Stout, Louisville, Ky.

EPWORTH LEAGUE. Pres., Bishop E. Cottrell; Gen. Sec.f Rev. A. R. Calhoun, Pine Bluff, Ark.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION. Pres., Bishop C. H. Phillips; Sec.t Rev. J. C. Martin, 109 Shannon St., Jackson, Tenn.

SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD. Pres., Bishop R. S. Williams; Sec., Rev. J. W, Gilbert, Augusta, Ga.

BOARD OF SUPERANNUATED PREACHERS, WIDOWS, AND ORPHANS. Pres., Bishop N. C. Cleaves; Sec., Rev. T. H. Copeland, Hopkinsville, Ky.

Schools Name Location President

Haygood Seminary ,Pme Bluffs, Ark

Homer College , .Homer, La

Holsej: Normal and Industrial Institute Cordele, Ga

Lane College . Jackson, Tenn. G. F. Lane.

Miles Memorial College Birmingham, Ala. R T Brown.

Mississippi Industrial College . ... Holly Springs, Miss G R. Ramsey Oklahoma Normal and Industrial Insti- tute Boley, Okla . ... A M. D. Wangrum.

Paine College Augusta, Ga

Texas College Tyler, Tex W. R. Banks

Williams Industrial and Normal School South Boston, Va

Periodicals (weekly)

Christian Index, Jackson, Tenn., Editor, J. A. Hamlett; Western Index, Dallas, Tex., Editor, J. R. Starks; The Index Herald, Shelby N. C.; Colored Methodist, Louisville, Ky.

History

At the close of the Civil War, a great majority of the colored members in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, joined other Methodist churches. About seventy-five thousand, however, retained their membership m the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. The General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, held in 1886 appointed a Commission, at the request of the colored mem- bers of that church, to make a study of the question of relationship and to recommend a plan for the organization of the colored members into a separate and distinct body to themselves according to a petition submitted by the colored representatives sent to the General Con- ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, for that purpose. Four years later, m 1870, it was found that these colored representa- tives had gone forward and succeeded, under the direction of the Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in organizing five annual conferences among themselves and were unanimous in their desire to be properly and orderly set apart in their own ecclesiastical integrity. This was approved by the Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and accordingly steps were taken by the Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, forthwith for the organization of the General Conference of the Negro members of the M. E. Church, South, into a separate body. This was effected on December 1, 1870, at Jackson, Tenn., and the new body organized under the name of Colored Methodist Episcopal Church.

Directory of Religious Bodies 159

Doctrine

In doctrine, the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church is in com- plete harmony with the doctrines of Episcopal Methodism.

Polity

In polity, this organization is essentially the same, with only such variations as conditions seem to require, with the polity of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. The General Conference con- sists of the Bishops, who, however, have no right to vote, and of delegates elected from the annual conferences, both ministers and laymen, each in equal number. The itinerant system is retained; the time limit for preachers to remain in one pastoral charge has been ^ removed. Presiding elders are permitted to remain m their districts not more than six consecutive years and bishops are per- mitted to remain in one district not more than four consecutive years.

COLORED METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH

No report.

History

The Colored Methodist Protestant Church was organized in 1840 at Elkton, in Maryland, on essentially the same principles on which the Methodist Protestant Church had been organized some few years previously.

Doctrine

The doctrines of this Church are in accord with the doctrines of Methodism generally.

Polity

The polity of the Church is substantially that of the Methodist Protestant Church, having no episcopacy and recognizing only one order, that of elders, among the ministers.

UNION AMERICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

General Conference, quadrennial; next meeting at Philadel- phia, Pa., 1926.

Officers: Sec., Rev. Walter L. Castelle, 1922 Latona, Philadelphia, Pa.

Bishops

Philip A. Boulden, 1932 Carpenter St., Philadelphia, Pa. Jacob F. Ramsey, 1319 S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Benjamin T. Euley, 19 W. 12th St., Wilmington, Del.

FOREIGN MISSIONS. Sec.t Eev. 0. S. Watts, 766 Line St., Cam- den, N. J.

CHUKCH EXTENSION. Sec., Rev. W. L. Castelle, 420 N. Olive St., Media, Pa.

EDUCATION. Sec., Rev. 0. S. Watts, Camden, N. J.

SPENCEJR'S YOUNG PEOPLE'S LEAGUE. Sec., Rev. J. G. Ryder, 109 W. 131st St., New York City.

Schools

Name Location Dean or Prtn.

Union Industrial School Wilmmgrton, Del S. P. Shepherd.

Spencer's Training: School Camden, N. J P. A. Boulden.

160 Year Book of the Churches

Periodicals

Union Recorder and Messenger, Camden, N. J., Editor, Rev. 0. S. Watts; Southern Pioneer, Mobile, Ala., Editor, Rev. W. H. King; Union Herald, Chester, Pa., Editor, Rev. H. T. Ryder,

History

The Union American Methodist Episcopal Church was formed by Negro members of the Methodist Church who were dissatisfied with the treatment accorded them, September, 1813.

Doctrine

They are in accord with the doctrines of Methodism generally, candidates for membership, however, being required to assent only to the Apostles' Creed.

Polity

The chief difference in polity between this Church and the Meth- odist Episcopal Church is in the provision for a general convention as a constitutional law-making body, such convention to be called only when a change in polity or name is under consideration.

AFRICAN UNION METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH

General Conference, last meeting, Wilmington, Del , Septem- ber, 1922.

Officers: Pres., Rt. Rev. D. J. Russell; Sec, Rev. G. A. Cole- man, Viola, Del., E. F. D.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS AND CHURCH EXTENSION. Cor. See., Rev. J. H. Johnson, 4086 Warren St., Philadelphia, Pa.

SABBATH SCHOOL AND YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK. See., Prof. W. H. Loper, Jr., Felton, Del.

BOARD OP MINISTERIAL RELIEF. Chmn., Rev. Simon Hines; Sec., Rev. J. H. Johnson, Philadelphia, Pa.

AFRICAN UNION M. P. PUBLISHING HOUSE, 131 N. Felton St., Philadelphia, Pa, Gen. Mgr.f Rt. Rev. D. J. Russell.

College and Seminary

Name Location President Spencer's African Union Methodist Protes- tant College and Seminary , . Viola, Del G. A. Coleman.

Periodical

The Union Star, Editor, D. J. Russell. History

This body is a union of two distinct organizations of the African Union Church and the First Colored Methodist Protestant Church, This union was effected in 1866.

Doctrine

The doctrines of the Church are identical with those of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Polity

In polity this organization differs considerably from the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, being formed rather after that of the Metho- dist Protestant Church. It accords equal rights to ministers and lay- men, has lay delegates in the annual conference and the General Con- ference, no bishops, and no higher office than that of elder.

Directory of Religious Bodies 161

(Colored)

General Conf erenee, quadrennial ; next meeting at La Crosse, Va., August, 1922.

Officers : Pres., Et. Rev. G. W. Taylor, Jumbo, Va. ; Sec., J. E. Talley, Invermay, Va. ; Treas., Alex. Baskerville, Joyee- ville, Va.

CHUKCH EXTENSION BOARD. Treas., J. A. Hicks, Jumbo, Va.

SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION. Pres., D. H. Hendricks, Basker- ville, Va.; Sec., Mrs. A. S. Hicks, Meredithville, Va.

WOMAN'S AUXILIARY. Pres., Mrs. Sallie Winfield, Meredithville, Va.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Chmn., Eev. F. Watson, La Crosse, Va.; Gen. Sec., Rev. J. E. Hines, Lawrenceville, Va.

HOME MISSION AND EDUCATIONAL CONVENTION. Pres., Mrs, E. A. Vance, Harpervilie, Va.; Sec., Mrs. Annie B. Hill, Warfield, Va.

SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION WORKERS AND C. L. W. ASSOCIATION. Pres., J. A. Hicks, Jumbo, Va.; Sec., Mrs. A. V. Peebles, Jumbo, Va.

School

Name Location Principal

Afro-American Normal and Industrial Institute La Crosse, Va F. Watson.

History

The Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church was organized as a result of dissatisfaction among the Negro Methodists of Southeast- ern Virginia, following the War Between the States. It was for- mally organized in 1869. Disorganization soon resulted in its com- plete disruption, but in 1881 it was reorganized.

Doctrine

The doctrines of the Church are those common to the Methodist bodies.

Polity

There is the same general system of organization, including the episcopacy and the series of conferences. The General Conference meets annually.

AFRICAN AMERICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

General Conference, 1924.

Address, Bishop T. A. Walker, 402 N. 31st St., Philadel- phia, Pa.

BIBLE TRAINING SCHOOL ASSOCIATION, Pres., Bishop T. A. Walker. CHURCH EXTENSION AND MISSION BOARD. Pres., Bishop T. A. Walker; Treas., T. W. Allen.

History Organized in Baltimore in 1873.

Doctrine and Polity

The general organization follows that of the Methodist Epis- copal Church and the articles of religion are essentially the same.

162 Year Book of the Churches

REFORMED METHODIST UNION EPISCOPAL CHURCH

(Colored)

General Conference, quadrennial. One state conference in two divisions.

General officers- Bishop, Kt. Eev. E. E. Middleton, Sumter, S. 0.; Financial Sec., Rev. J. M. Seabrook; Sec. of Education, Rev. P. C. Keels, Greeleyville, S. C. ; Sunday School Sec., H. W. Washington, "Wedgefield, S. C. ; Missionary Sec., Rev. James S. Green, 540 Congress St., Savannah, Ga. ; Mgr. of Publication, Rev. A. S. Boston, R. P. D. No. 1, Box 65, Bernini, S. C. ; Sec. of Book Concern, Rev. F. R. Young, 117 President St., Charles- ton, S. C.

History

In 1884 a number of ministers and members of the African Methodist Episcopal Church withdrew from that body, and in 1885 a convention of delegates representing churches in South Carolina and Georgia was held, and the Independent Methodist Church or- ganized. At first, the organization was non-episcopal, but in 1896 it was decided to make a change and create an episcopacy and the name Eeformed Methodist Union Episcopal Church was adopted.

Doctrine and Polity

The doctrine and polity of this church are substantially the same as those of Episcopal Methodism generally.

MORAVIAN CHURCH (Unitas Fratrum)

Two coordinate Provinces of the Unity in America; the

Northern, with a Provincial Synod meeting every five years ; the Southern, with a Provincial Synod meeting every three years The next Synod of the Northern Province will meet in 1925.

Bishops (Address R t. Rev.)

J. Taylor Hamilton, 424 Avenue C, Bethlehem, Pa. Clement Hoyler, 9857 84th Ave., Edmonton, Alberta, Can. Charles L. Moench, Bethlehem, Pa. Karl A. Mueller, Watertown, Wis. Edward Rondthaler, Winston-Salem, N. C.

THE PROVINCIAL ELDER'S CONFERENCE (Exec. Board) of the Northern Province, 67 W. Church St., Bethlehem, Pa. Pres., Bishop C. L. Moench; Vice-Pres. and Treas., Rev. Paul de Schweinitz; See., Eev. John S. Eomig; Western Vice-Pres., Bishop Karl A. Mueller; Acting Sec., Rev. C. D. Kreider.

THE PROVINCIAL ELDERS' CONFERENCE (Exec. Board) of the Southern Province, Winston-Salem, N. C. Pres., Bishop Edward Rondthaler; Sees., Rev. James E. Hall, J. Kenneth Pfohl, John W. Fries, Agnew L. Bahnson; Treas., E. H. Stockton.

BOARD OF CHURCH EXTENSION, 67 W. Church St., Bethlehem, Pa. Pres., Rev. Paul de Schweinitz; Sec., Bishop C. L. Moench; Treas., Emil J. Bishop.

SOCIETY OF THE UNITED BRETHREN FOR PROPAGATING THE GOS- PEL AMONG THE HEATHEN, 67 W. Church St., Bethlehem, Pa* Pres.,

Directory of Religious Bodies 163

Bishop C. L. Moench; Sec., Rev. C. D. Kreider; Vice-Pres. and Treas., Rev. Paul de Schweinitz.

Colleges and Seminaries Name Location President

Lmden Hall Litrtz, Pa P.W.Stengel.

Moravian College and Theological

Seminary Bethlehem, Pa J. Taylor Hamilton

Moravian Seminary and College

for Women Bethlehem, Pa R Riemer,

Nazareth Hall Nazareth, Pa A. D. Thaeler.

Salem Academy and College for

Women Wmston-Salem, N. C H. E. Rondthaler.

Periodicals

The Moravian (weekly), Bethlehem, Pa., Editor, C. D. Kreider;

The Moravian Missionary (monthly), Gnadenhutten, Ohio, Editor, F. R. Nitzschke; Der Brueder-Botschafter (weekly), Watertown, Wis., Editor, Bishop Karl A. Mueller.

History

From the time of the first propagation of the gospel among them by Cyril and Methodius, the Bohemians and Moravians have stood for freedom in religious as in national life, and under the leadership of John Hus and Jerome of Prague they offered a firm resistance to the rule of both the Austrian Empire and the Roman Catholic Church. For several years after the martyrdom of Hus in 1415, and of Jerome in 1416, their followers had no special organization, but in 1457, near Kunwald, in Bohemia, an association was formed to foster pure Scriptural teaching and apostolic discipline.

^ In spite of continued persecution the union grew steadily, so that, taking the lowest estimate, it appears that at the beginning of the Reformation the brethren had, in Bohemia and Moravia, more than 400 churches and a membership of at least 150,000, and probably 200,000 souls. Most cordial relations were maintained with Luther and Calvin, though no formal union with the German and Swiss churches was ever reached, and the Moravian Confession of Faith, published in 1535, had the cordial assent of Luther. After the Schmalcald War a branch of the Union was established in Poland. In its organization the church was episcopal, having a supreme judge to preside in the assembly and a synod to decide matters of faith and discipline. Priests, living at first in celibacy, were ordained after the apostolic example, and pursued grades for their support. The administration of the congregation was in the hands of elected elders who had supervision over the church members, the promotion of the religious life of the women being in care of matrons.

The union proved to be strongest in the fields of education and literature. In nearly every large town they had schools and a print- ing house. Their greatest achievement, however, was the translation of the Bible into the Bohemian from the original tongues (com- pleted in 1593) and a revision of the Polish Bible was published in 1632. Hymnals were issued in Bohemian, in German and in Polish.

Meanwhile, the opposition of the Roman Catholic Church had increased, and the Thirty Years' War devastated the country. At its commencement Bohemia and Moravia were overwhelmingly evan- gelical. At its close, in 1648, the evangelical churches of Bohemia and Moravia had been practically destroyed. Large numbers of mem- bers had been put to the sword and others had fled into Hungary, Saxony, Holland, and Poland, in which countries, as well as in Bo- hemia and Moravia, they continued in scattered communities. The

164 Year Book of the Churches

last well-known bishop of the United Church, the famous educator, John Amos Comenius, died at Amsterdam in 1670.

In 1722 a small company from Moravia, followed later by others •who cherished the traditions of their ancestral church, were per* mitted to settle on an estate of Nicholas Louis, Count of Zinzendorf, in Saxony, where the village of Herrnhut arose. Colonists came from Germany also, and an association was formed in which the religious plans of Zinzendorf and those of the Moravians were combined. The Protestant confession of the realm was accepted, and a distinct order and discipline, perpetuating elements of the old Moravian Church, was established under royal concessions. In 1735 the historic Mo- ravian episcopate was transferred to the association by two surviving bishops of the old line who were filling State Church positions in Ger- many, and the Unitas Fratrum, or Church of the Brethren, known at the present time in England and America as the Moravian Church, was established.

The chief purpose of the church was to carry on evangelistic work in Christian and heathen lands. In accordance with this pur- pose, the first Moravian missionary came to Pennsylvania in 1734, and in the same year an attempt was made at colonization and mis- sionary work in Georgia. David Nitschmann, the first Moravian bishop in America, who, in 1731, had helped to found the first Mo- ravian mission among the heathen in the West Indies, came to Georgia in 1736. Political disturbances ruined the work in Georgia, and in 1740 the colony moved to Pennsylvania. In 1741 Bishop Nitschmann and his associates founded the town of Bethlehem, and a little later the neighboring domain belonging to the evangelist, George Whitefield, which he had named Nazareth, was purchased. A cooperative union to develop the settlements and support mis- sionary work was formed by the colonists, and was maintained until 1762. All labored for a common cause and received sustenance from a common stock, but there was no surrender of private property or of personal liberty, nor any individual claim on the common estate. Missionary work was begun among the Indians and also among the white settlers, as well as in foreign lands, the first native born American missionary being sent from Bethlehem, Pa., May, 1746.

In 1749 an act of Parliament recognized the Moravian Church as "an ancient Protestant Episcopal Church." This gave it standing and privileges in all British dominions; but its policy of doing unde- nominational leavening work, with the hope of furthering evangelical alliance, caused it to remain a comparatively small body. In subse- quent years it was mainly active in cooperating with the European branches of the church in the conduct of missions among the heathen.

Bethlehem, Nazareth, and Lititz, in Pennsylvania, and Bethabara and Salem, in North Carolina, were organized in colonial times as exclusive Moravian villages, after the model of the Moravian com- munities in Germany, England, and Holland. During the years be- tween 1844 and 1856 this exclusive system was abolished, and( the organization of the church was remodeled to suit modern conditions. At the same time home missionary work was revived, and since then membership of the church in the United States has been quadrupled.

Doctrine

The Moravian Church has no doctrine peculiar to itself. It is simply and broadly evangelical, in harmony with Protestants gen- erally on the essentials of Christian teaching.

Polity

In polity the Moravian Church is a modified episcopacy. Every congregation has a council composed of communicant members who

Directory of Religious Bodies 165

have attained the age of 21 years, and have subscribed to the rules and regulations of the congregation.

The general supervision of the congregation rests with the gen- eral and provincial synods. The American branch of the church, composed of a northern and a southern province, and the European branches are federated in a "Unity," with a general synod, which is an international representative body meeting at least once in a decade.

There are three orders of the ministry — bishops, presbyters, and deacons.

The church has an established liturgy, with a litany for Sunday morning and a variety of services for different church seasons, the general order of the ancient church year being observed.

EVANGELICAL UNION OF BOHEMIAN AND MORAVIAN BRETHREN IN NORTH AMERICA

No report obtainable.

History

The scattered bands of Bohemian and Moravian Christians, after the general dispersion consequent upon the Thirty Years' War, re- tained their religious life through the persecutions which broke out from time to time.

The first considerable immigration to America of adherents of this Union came after the revolutionary period of 1848. Those from Bohemia and western Moravia settled chiefly in the Northern states; while those from eastern Moravia almost without exception turned to Texas. The first Bohemian evangelical sermon in Texas was preached in 1855. The first congregation was organized in 1864 at Wesley, Texas.

The next step was the calling of an assembly of delegates of all the congregations to meet at Granger, Texas, in 1903.

At a second synodal assembly at Taylor, Texas, in 1904, a general constitution was prepared and accepted and a state charter secured.

Doctrine and Polity

The basis of doctrine of the Evangelical Union of Bohemian and Moravian Brethren is the "Confessio Fratrum Bohemorum," of the Confession of Faith of the Union of the Bohemian Brethren, pre- sented to Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, by the Lords and Knights of the Union in 1608. Other doctrinal symbols, as the Helvetic, or Reformed, and the Augsburg, or Lutheran confessions, are accepted in so far as they agree with the Bible, which is with the Brethren the only rule of faith, intercourse, and life.

The legislative and executive authority is intrusted to a synod, which meets annually on the 6th of July in commemoration of the burning at the stake of John Huss.

INDEPENDENT BOHEMIAN AND MORAVIAN BRETHREN CHURCHES

Address Eev. Francis Pokorny, E. D. 3, Cedar Eapids, Iowa.

166 Year Book of the Churches

History

In 1858 a group of 6 families, formerly members of the Ee- formed Church of Bohemia, under the leadership of Rev. Francis Kun, organized the First Bohemian and Moravian Church, in Col- lege Township, Linn County, Iowa.

While claiming the same origin as the Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum) and the Evangelical Union of Bohemian and Moravian Brethren, these churches are not ecclesiastically connected with either of these bodies. They hold friendly relations with the Pres- byterian. Reformed, and Bohemian churches of the Northwest and East, and enter into accord with them in movements for education and missionary work, in these respects affiliating especially with the Central West (Bohemian) Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America.

Doctrine and Polity

The Independent Bohemian and Moravian churches recognize the Helvetic and Westminster confessions of faith and use the Heidel- berg and Westminster catechisms. They administer baptism to the children of believers, and to adults on profession of faith. The Lord's Supper is celebrated four times a year, according to the usage of the Reformed Church of Bohemia. In polity these churches are Presbyterian.

NATIONAL SPIBITUALISTS' ASSOCIATION

Annual convention.

Twenty-four state associations.

Officers : Pres., Dr. George B. "Warne, Chicago, 111. ; Sec., Rev. George W. Kates, Washington, D. C. ; Treas., Cassius L. Ste- vens, Pittsburgh, Pa.

PROGRESSIVE LYCEUMS (Sunday Schools). National Supt., Mrs. Anna L. Gillespie, Battle Creek, Mich.

BUREAU OF PHENOMENAL EVIDENCE. Cwaior, Mark A. Bar- wise, Bangor, Maine.

PUBLICITY BUREAU. Chmn., Geo. B. Warne, Chicago, 111.

School

Name Looatuyn Dean

Morris Pratt Institute Whitewater, Wis A. J. Wearer.

Periodicals

Progressive Thinker (weekly), Chicago, 111., Editor, Mrs. M, E. Cadwallader ; Banner of Life (weekly), Boston, Mass., Editor, H. C. Berry; Reason (monthly) , Los Angeles, Calif., .Editor, Dr. B. F. Austin; The National Spiritualist (monthly), Chicago, 111., Editor, Dr. George B. Warne.

History

This organization traces its origin to the writings of Andrew Jackson Davis, published in 1845.

In the first half of the nineteenth century almost no religious denomination taught or believed in the possibility of communion with those who had passed to the spirit world. Very little emphasis

Directory of Religious Bodies 167

was laid upon the universal fatherhood of God and brotherhood of man. Furthermore, the idea of progression after death was enter- tained by very few. In view of these and other facts, Mr. Davis and his followers, representing nearly every religious denomination, as well as the Materialists, felt that it was necessary to go outside of the accepted orders of thought and establish an entirely new move- ment.

From 1850 to 1872 local organizations sprang up throughout the United States, but no attempt was made to organize a national asso- ciation until 1863. In 1863 the National Spiritualists ' Association of the United States of America was organized.

Doctrine

Special emphasis is laid on right living here upon earth, be- lieving that their condition in the spirit life depends entirely upon what they do while in mortal form.

The Declaration of Principles contains the following:

We believe in Infinite Intelligence; and that the phenomena of nature, physical and spiritual, are the expressions of Infinite Intel- ligence.

We affirm that a correct understanding of such expressions, and living in accordance with them, constitute the fcn^e religion; that the existence and personal identity of the individual continue after the change called "death," and that communication with the so-called "dead" is a fact scientifically proven by the phenomena of Spirit- ualism.

We believe that the highest morality is contained in the Golden Rule: "Whatsoever ye would that others should do unto you, do ye also unto them."

We affirm the moral responsibility of the individual, and that he makes his own happiness or unhappiness as he obeys or dis- obeys Nature's psychic laws.

We affirm that the doorway to reformation is never closed against any human soul, here or hereafter.

Spiritualists believe that the spirit world is a counterpart of the visible world, only more beautiful and perfect, and that those who enter it must be free from the impress of evil wrought while in the body. They are almost unanimous in their belief in progression after the death of the body, and in the final restoration of all souls to a state of happiness; and they hold that those who die in childhood grow to maturity in spirit life. They further believe that punish- ment for wrongdoing continues beyond the grave until every vestige of it has been cleared away through honest effort. They are opposed to war, to capital punishment, to restrictive medical laws, and to every form of tyranny, political or religious. They declare there is no forgiveness for sin and assert that every man must work out his own destiny. Their views with regard to God are widely divergent, but the great majority of them accept Theism, using the word in the broadest possible sense, as the foundation of their philosophy.

Polity The organization of the Spiritualists is congregational.

PEOGRESSIVE SPIRITUALIST CHURCH

Office • 4324 Vineennes Ave., Chicago, 111. Officers : Supreme Pastor, Eev. G. V. Cordingley ; Sec., Eev. F. E. MeNabb; Treas., Eev. Minnie Foss Eeaderj Eev. A. L. Hanson, Seminary Lake Villa, 111.

168 Year Book of the Churches

History

The Progressive Spiritualist Church was established to embrace the rapidly increasing number of individuals who had come to regard spirit communication not only as a scientifically demonstrated fact, but as a revelation no less divine in its origin than those recorded in the Holy Scriptures; and who believed that God did not cease His revelations 2,000 years ago, but that the increased facility of ^spirit communication of the present day is but a logical development in the spiritual evolution of the human race.

It was founded by Rev. G. V. Cordingley.

Doctrine and Polity

The doctrine of this church is, in general, that of conventional Christianity, modified by later divine revelations received in spirit communications.

NON-SECTARIAN CHURCHES OF BIBLE FAITH

Headquarters : Boston, Mass. Address, Charles A. Kowe, P. 0. Box 2662, Boston, Mass.

No organization or regular membership, no church, buildings or paid ministry.

Periodical

The Echoes of the Stumbling Stone, Boston, Mass., Editor, Charles A. Rowe.

History

The Non-Sectarian Churches of Bible Faith, founded by Lyman H. Johnson, 1868, protest against the generally accepted concep- tion of church organization. The basic principle lies in the interpre- tation of the term church. "This word," they say, "as traditionized, is made to mean a society organized by man like secular corpora- tions, except for religious purposes; a joint interest and agreement of several Christians under covenants and laws they have adopted is essential to the meaning of the word "church," as generally under- stood." This interpretation, in their view, classes "with infidels and the irreligious" those Christians outside of church organizations and "is an injustice to such Christians and contrary to the Bible mean- ing of the word." The truth as they recognize it, is that churches of Christ have always existed outside of sectarian systems. They say that the Greek word "ecclesia," which is translated "church" in Eng- lish, has the meaning "called out" — that is, "converted out of the world by a change of heart into the assembly of Christians on earth" — and they hold that the church exists where one person is thus called out from the world. The idea of the assembly thus con- stituted has no reference to locality or organization, and the church is the "body of Christ," including "all who are in Christ regardless of locality." They find no account in the Bible of any Christian joining the church; he is already a member by faith in Christ, and every de- scription of the church in any city or house of the New Testament is simply of one or more Christians living there.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine the churches agree substantially with the so-called "orthodox or evangelical churches." They hold the Bible to be the divinely inspired rule of faith and practice and reject all creeds and disciplines not contained in it. They believe in the Trinity, the vicarious atonement of Christ, the baptism of the Holy Spirit as the

Directory of Religious Bodies 169

the antitype of water baptism, a final judgment, and an eternal heaven and hell.

There is no general ecclesiastical organization. No head over individual members is recognized but Christ, and though there are elders in each community or church, they are regarded simply as teachers, having no ecclesiastical authority. In their view, the only authority is "the authority of the truth," which is the authority of God to all who are convinced of the truth of the Bible. The minis- ters receive no salary, and the necessary expenses connected with the preaching services are met by voluntary contributions.

PENTECOSTAL

General Conference, quadrennial; next meeting, May, 1925; place unknown.

Ten conferences.

Headquarters: Franklin Springs, Koyston, Ga. A Literary and Bible School and printing plant is conducted at Franklin Springs, Ga.

Officers : Gen. Supt , Rev. J. H. King, Royston, Ga. ; Asst. Gen. Supts., E. D. Reeves, 503 Salem Ave., Roanoke, Va.; S. A. Bishop, 2429 37th Ave., Birmingham, Ala.; Gen. Sec., L. R. Graham, 652 Bast Trigg Ave., Memphis, Tenn. ; Gen Treas., Rev. G. F. Taylor, Royston, Ga.

Committee to complete Official Board : A. H. Butler, Falcon, N. C.; P. F. Beaeham, 254 Briggs Ave., Greenville, S. C.; F. M. Britton, Royston, Ga. ; Ralph Taylor, Route No. 3, Anderson, S. C.; F. M. Bramblett, McCormick, S. C.; R. B. Beall, 916 North Kellham, Oklahoma City, Okla.

Periodical

Pentecostal Holiness Advocate (weekly), Royston, Ga., Editor, Rev. G. F. Taylor.

History

The Pentecostal Holiness Church, as it now exists, is a union of three or more former organizations. The two principal organiza- tions that came together to form said church were the Fire-Baptized Holiness Church and the Pentecostal Holiness Church. The former was organized at Anderson, S. C., m 1898, and the latter at Clinton, N. C., in 1899. The union of these two organizations under the name of the Pentecostal Holiness Church was effected at Falcon, N. C., in January, 1911. There are ten annual conferences, spread out over the territory embraced within lines drawn from Maryland to Florida and from the Atlantic Ocean to Oklahoma. It has a membership of 7,000, including 469 ministers m America and more than five hun- dred in foreign lands. Fourteen missionaries and a dozen native workers are supported in South Africa, South China, and in India.

Doctrine

Accepts the Apostles' Creed; believes that the Bible is the true and full revelation of God to man; that regeneration and justifica- tion are by faith alone; sanctification as a second definite work of grace to "be received subsequent to regeneration; the Baptism of the Holy Spirit to be received subsequent to sanctification and evidenced

170 Year Book of the Churches

by speaking in other tongues as the Spirit gives utterance; divine healing as in the Atonement; that there is eternal peace for the righteous and never-ending torment for the wicked; the personal, pre-millennial second coming of Jesus.

Polity

The form of government is episcopal but the majority vote rules. Each local church is entitled to a lay representative at the session of the annual conference. Each annual conference is entitled to lay representation at the General Conference. The General Conference enacts all laws of discipline, and elects a General Board who have oversight of the work. Each annual conference has an Official Board elected by the conference who have oversight of the work of the conference. The chief officer of the annual conference is called Conference Superintendent, and the chief officer of the whole church is called General Superintendent.

PILGRIM HOLINESS CHURCH

(Formerly International Holiness Church) General Assembly, biennial; nest meeting 1923. Officers • Gen. 8upt., Rev. Winifred E. Cox, 712 Silver Ave., Greensboro, N C ; Asst. Supts , Rev. G-. Arnold Hodgin, 1455 Atchison St., Pasadena, Calif., and Rev. C. Gr. Taylor, Kings- wood, Ky. ; Gen. Sec. and Treas , Rev Paul H, Qreeson, Handle- man, N. C ; Statistical Sec , J L. Kennett, 28 Louis Block, Dayton, Ohio.

GENERAL MISSIONARY BOARD. Chmn., Rev. E. G. Finch; Treas., Rev. M. 0. Standley, 1810 Young St., Cincinnati, Ohio; Sec., Rev. Henry Oleson, Trappe, Maryland.

Schools

Name Location President

Bible Holiness Seminary Owosso, Mich C, G Taylor

Kmgswood College .....Kmgrswood, Ky. H. P. Thomas

Beulah Holiness Academy . . . Shacklesford, Va

Apostolic Holiness University Greensboro, N, C W. R. Cox.

Holiness Seminary Allentown, Pa. . . ....

Periodicals

International Holiness Advocate, King^wood, Ky., Editor, Rev. C. G. Taylor.

History

Organized in 1897, at Cincinnati, Ohio, by the Rev. Martin W. Knapp, previously a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Doctrine

The doctrine of the organization emphasizes the sanctification of believers as a definite second work of grace instantaneously received by faith, the healing of the sick through faith in Christ, the pre- millennial reign of Christ on earth, and the evangelization of the world as a step in hastening the coming of the Lord.

The Lord's Supper, to whicH admission is general, is observed as often as the congregation deems proper. The mode of baptism is left wholly to individual option.

Polity

The government corresponds closely to that of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The local union has as its ecclesiastical authority

Directory of Religious Bodies 171

an advisory board, consisting of a superintendent, an assistant super- intendent, a secretary, a treasurer, and three other members. The governing officers of a local church are the pastor, assistant pastor, licensed preachers, secretary, treasurer, five elders, and five deacons.

There is a state organization which meets annually and a Gen- eral Assembly, which meets quadrennially and, in addition to its own officers, elects a general superintendent, an assistant superin- tendent, a general secretary, a treasurer, and three others, who ^ act with the officers as a general council, to which all disputed questions of government and discipline mav be referred for final decision.

The Churches choose their own pastors. Pastors are supported by freewill offerings, and very few have any regular salary. The elders have special care for the spiritual interests of the church. The deacons receive the offerings, prepare the sacraments and care for the poor. Deaconesses may be ordained for special missionary work, and the admission of women to the ministry has been recom- mended.

Camp meetings under the charge of the state and district organi- zations are held annually, during the summer season in the North and during the winter season in the South.

POLISH NATIONAL CATHOLIC CHURCH

General Synod, decennial ; next session, 1930.

Provincial Synods, biennial.

Four provinces : Eastern, Central, Western and Northern.

Bishops (Address Rt. Bev.)

Francis Bonczak, 592 Hayes Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Francis Hodur, 529 Locust St., Scranton, Pa. Valentine Gawrychowski, 182 Sobieski St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Theological Seminary

Name Location Principal

Theological Seminary Scranton, Pa Francis Hodur.

Periodical

Straz (Guard) (weekly), Scranton, Pa. History

With the increasing immigration from Poland and the establish- ment of large Polish Koman Catholic churches in a number of Amer- ican cities, misunderstandings and disputes developed between the ecclesiastical authorities and the lay members of the Polish parishes. These were occasioned chiefly by dissatisfaction on the part of the laymen with the "absolute religious, political, and social power over the parishioners," given by the Council of Baltimore in 1883 to the Eoman Catholic priesthood; and by the rather free exercise of that power on the part of certain Polish Roman Catholic Priests. The situation was aggravated, in some cases, by the placing of other than Polish priests in charge of Polish churches. The result was that disturbances arose, which developed, at times, into riots. In Buffalo, N. Y., a popular Polish priest was removed, and a protest made against the installation of his successor resulted in a general decree of excommunication. The congregation laid claim to the church property, but the claim was disallowed by the courts. The congregation then purchased ground, put up a new edifice of its own, and declared itself absolutely independent of the former eccle- siastical leaders.

172 Year Book of the Churches

In Chicago, 111., there was a revolt against the Polish Order of Resurrectionists, and especially against a certain Polish priest; and in Cleveland, Ohio; in Scranton and Shamokin, Pa., and elsewhere, similar troubles occurred.

A convention of independent congregations was held at Scran- ton in September, 1904, and was attended by 147 clerical and lay delegates, who represented about 20,000 adherents in 5 states. As a result, these churches in northeastern Pennsylvania, together with others in Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Maryland, combined to form the Polish National Church, the Rev. Francis Hodur being elected as its head, with the title of bishop. He was subsequently consecrated by the National Catholic bishops of the Netherlands. A constitution was adopted, and the Latin books of Holy Church Rites were ordered to be translated into the Polish language. Resolutions were adopted expressing a desire for fra- ternal and sympathetic cooperation with other Christian churches, and repudiating the claim of the Roman Catholic Church to be the sole exponent of the true doctrines of Christ.

This convention, or synod, was the first gathering of its kind held by Polish people since the Reformation movement in Poland was crushed in the seventeenth century. At a special session of the synod, held in Scranton two years later, the various church charters were unified, the church constitution was amended, and two new feasts were instituted, the Feasts of Botherly Love and Union of the Polish People m America, to be observed on the second Sunday in Septem- ber of each year, and the Feast of the Poor Shepherds, to be ob- served on the first Sunday after Christmas. At the following synod three more feasts were added: The Feast of the Institution of the Polish National Church, to be observed on the second Sunday in March; the Feast of the Memory of the Martyrs of the Polish Nation, to be observed on the second Sunday m May; the Feast of the Chris- tian Family, to be observed on the second Sunday in October, of each year.

The controlling motive of the conventions was both a desire for freedom in religious institutions corresponding to that in other de- partments of American life, and a protest against the placing by the Roman Catholic Church of all power, administrative as well as spirit- ual, in the hands of the ecclesiastics. This freedom included in their view the right of the congregations to own and control their church edifices, schools, orphanages, etc.; the right of the individual to read and study the Bible for himself; and the corresponding right to work out his own salvation, not through ceremonies, but through a better understanding of the doctrines of Christ in their application to pri- vate and to public life.

One or two churches in Chicago, Illinois, together with churches in Indiana and Wisconsin, and several in the East, organized another independent diocese, known as the Polish Independent Catholic Church, of which the Rev. Anton Kozlowski was eventually made bishop. Subsequently these two organizations united to form the Polish National Catholic Church of America, which includes all the Independent Polish Catholic churches of the TTnited States, ex- cept one at Buffalo, N. Y.

Doctrine

The doctrine of the Polish National Catholic Church of Amer- ica is based upon the Bible, and especially upon the New Testament, as expounded by the apostles and the first four Ecumenical councils, and as further interpreted by the synod of the church. It is also held that the hearing of the Word of God preached in the National Church is a sacrament, for it has "the power to pour in the soul the Divine Grace," leading to the knowledge of truth, spiritual regen-

Directory of Religious Bodies 173

eration, and union with God. The church rejects the doctrine of the infallibility of the Pope in matters of faith and morals, and be- lieves that all men have the right to interpret the Word of God according to their convictions and the dictates of their conscience.

It believes the "man, by following the Supreme Being, is in this life capable of attaining a certain degree of the happiness and of the perfection which is possessed of God in an infinite degree"; that "faith is helpful to man toward his salvation, though not absolutely necessary," which is especially true of "blind faith." Good deeds, however, it holds "bring us nearer to God, and to His Mediator, Jesus Christ, and make us worthy of being His followers and brothers, and of being children of the Heavenly Father." It rejects the doctrine of eternal punishment and believes that "even sinful man, after under- going an intrinsic metamorphosis through contrition, penance, and noble deeds, may have a chance to regain the grace of God." Sin is regarded as a "lack of perfection in the essence of man, and as mankind progresses in this knowledge of the causes of life and the nature of God, and comes nearer and nearer to Him, sin will grad- ually grow less and less until it vanishes entirely. Then man will be- come the true image and child of God, and the kingdom of God will prevail upon earth."

Polity

The constitution vests the highest authority of the church in the synod. This conven-es in regular session every five years, although a special session may be called at the request of one-third of the members of the church at any time when the bishop deems it neces- sary. Each congregation is governed by a board of trustees, elected by the members, and working in harmony with the priests assigned to it. The question cf the celibacy of the clergy has been discussed, but action was postponed.

The administrative power is centralized in the bishop and the grand council, which is composed of three clerical and three lay members, who are elected at each regular session of the synod.

PRESBYTERIAN BODIES GENERAL STATEMENT

As the Lutheran churches represent those features of the Reformation emphasized by Luther, so the Presbyterian and Re- formed churches represent those emphasized by Zwingli and Calvin. The doctrinal and ecclesiastical system developed at Zurich and Geneva, modified somewhat in Holland and in France, and transferred to Scotland, became solidified there largely under the influence of John Knox in 1560, and found a practical and thoroughly logical presentation in the Westmin- ster Assembly, London, England, 1643-1649 . This was not a distinctively Presbyterian body. Called by act of Parliament to consider the state of the entire country, in matters of re- ligion, it represented in its membership all English-speaking Christians, although the Anglicans took practically no part in its deliberations. It had no ecclesiastical authority, yet its deliv- erances on doctrine have furnished the basis both for Presby- terian and many non-Presbyterian bodies, and the form of eccle- siastical government it recommended has gone far beyond the

174 Year Book of the Churches

country where it was formulated, and has had a marked influ- ence not only on church life, but in civil and national develop- ment. In England it led to the development of the Independ- ents who afterwards became the Congregationalists. In Scot- land, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it resulted in the, development of several Presbyterian bodies, and one of its strongholds was the north of Ireland, where so many Scotch found a more congenial home for the time being, until they should cross the Atlantic.

The distinctively Presbyterian churches of the United States trace their origin chiefly to Great Britain Whatever of English and Welsh Presbyterianism there was in the colonies, together with the few French Protestant or Huguenot churches, com- bined at an early date with the Scotch and Scotch-Irish ele- ments to form the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, from which the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Church in the United States afterwards sepa- rated. The Calvinistic Methodists of Wales are represented by the Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Church. Five Presbyterian de- nominations are directly connected with the Secession and Re- lief movements of the church in Scotland in the eighteenth cen- tury; the United Presbyterian Church of North America; the Associate Synod of North America, known also as the Associate Presbyterian Church; the Associate Eeformed Presbyterian Church, formerly the Associate Eeformed Synod of the South; the Synod and the General Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church.

In close harmony with these distinctively Presbyterian churches are the Reformed churches traceable to the influence of immigration from the continent of Europe; particularly, the Reformed Church in America and the Christian Reformed Church, both of which originated in Holland ; and the Reformed Church in the United States, whose beginnings were in Switzer- land and Germany. All of these, Presbyterian and Reformed, substantially agree in government, and all maintain similar prin- ciples of the Calvinistic system, whether expressed in the West- minster Confession of Faith, the Canons of the Synod of Dort, or the Heidelberg Catechism. The Alliance of Reformed Churches throughout the world holding the Presbyterian system, whose special purpose is to secure cooperation by the different denominations in general church work, has grown out of this concord, as has also the Council of the Reformed Churches in the United States, holding the Presbyterian system, organized for the same general purpose.

Presbyterianism as a doctrinal system has as its fundamental principles the undivided sovereignty of God in Ms universe, the sovereignty of Christ in salvation, the sovereignty of the Scriptures in faith and conduct, and the sovereignty of the in- dividual conscience in the interpretation of the Word of God.

Directory of Religious Bodies 175

As a polity it recognizes Christ as the only head of the church and source of all power, and the people of Christ as entitled under their Lord to participation in the government and admin- istration of the church. As polity and as doctrine it maintains the. right of private judgment in matters of religion, the mem- bership in the Church Universal of all who profess the true re- ligion, the validity of church organization, and the power of each association of organizations to prescribe its own terms of communion. It further holds that ministers are peers one of another, and that church authority is positively vested, not in individuals, such as bishops or presbyters, but in representative courts, including the session, the presbytery, and the synod ; and in the case of some bodies, especially the larger ones, the general assembly. This principle of coordinate representative authority, by which the individual member of the church has Ms own share in the conduct of that church, while, at the same time, he recognizes not merely the headship of Christ, but the fellowship in Christ, has given to the system a peculiar hold wherever there has been representative government, and has exerted a strong influence modifying both individualistic and hierarchial tend- encies. Its advocates call attention to the resemblance between its polity and the political constitution of the United States, in which country it has had its strongest influence; its courts cor- responding in a measure to the local, state, and national organi- zations.

ALLIANCE OF REFORMED CHURCHES THROUGHOUT

THE WORLD HOLDING THE PRESBYTERIAN

SYSTEM

The Presbyterian and Reformed Churches throughout the world, having essentially the same creedal basis and similar ecclesiastical organization, for purposes of fellowship and con- ference have organized a "World Alliance. There is a General Council in which all are represented and which meets every four years. There are also an Eastern and a Western Section which meet separately at the convenience of their constituent bodies.

General Council.

Officers • Pres., Rev. John McNaugher, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Vice- Pres., Eastern Sec , Eev. J. N. Ogilvie, Edinburgh, Scotland ; Vice-Pres., Western Sec., Rev. James I. Good, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Acting Gen. Sec., Rev. J. R. Fleming, Edinburgh, Scotland; American Sec., Rev. Henry B. Master, 510 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

Eastern Section: Includes Presbyterian and Reformed Churches in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. The Re- formed Church in Hungary is a member of the Eastern Section.

Western Section: Includes Presbyterian and Reformed

176 Year Book of the Churches

Churches in the U. S., Canada, and South America. Office, 510 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

Officers: Chmn, Rev. W. I. Chamberlain; See.? Kev. Henry B. Master; Treas., Philip E. Howard.

COUNCIL OP THE OF

HOLDING THE

Officers: Pres , Rev. J. Sprole Lyons, Atlanta, Ga.; Stated Clerk, Kev. William P. Fulton, Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., Eev. David F. McGill, Bellevue, Pa.

PRESBYTERIAN IN THE OF

AMERICA

General Assembly, annual; next meeting in Indianapolis. Ind., May 17, 1923.

Forty-six synods, 301 presbyteries.

Officers of the General Assembly: Mod , Eev. Calvin C. Hays, Johnstown, Pa. ; Stated Clerk, Rev. Lewis S. Mndge, 514 Wither- spoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

Trustees of the General Assembly, 1319 Walnut St., Phila- delphia, Pa. Pres., George Stevenson; Rec. Sec., H. P. Ford; Treas., The Philadelphia Trust Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

EXECUTIVE COMMISSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, Wither- spoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Chmn., Eev. Calvin C. Hays; Sec*, Rev. Lewis S. Mudge.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. Pres., Eev. Wilton Merle-Smith; Gen. Sec., Rev. John A. Marquis; Sees., Rev. B. P. Fullerton, Rev. John McDowell, Rev. W. R. King; Treas., Varian Banks.

BOAED OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. Pres., Rev. George Alexander; Sees , Robert E. Speer, Rev Ar- thur J. Brown, Rev. Stanley White, Rev. Wm. P. Schell; Treas., Dwight H. Day. Organ: All the World.

GENERAL BOARD OF EDUCATION, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City, Pres., Rev. Hugh T. Kerr; Gen. Sec., Edgar P. Hill; Treas., Edward R. Sterrett.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION AND SABBATH SCHOOL WORK, Wither- spoon Bldg., 1319 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Franklin L. Sheppard; Sec., Rev. Harold McAfee Robinson; Editor, Rev. John T. Faris; Supt. of Missions, John M. Somerndike; Business Supt., F. M. Braselman; Treas., Marshall S. Collingwood; Manufacturer, Henry F. Sheetz.

BOARD OP CHURCH ERECTION, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. Pres., Rev. Ford C. Ottman; Rec. Sec., W. K Gilchrist; Gen. Sec., Rev. David G. Wylie; Treas., Rev. George R. Bauer.

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF AND SUSTENTATION, 423-429 With- erspoon Bldg., 1319 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Rev. George F. Greene; Gen Sec., Rev. Henry B. Master; Asso. Sees., Rev. Robert Hunter, Rev. Wm. S. Holt; Treas., Rev. William W. Heberton.

BOA&D OF MISSIONS FOR FREEDMEN, Bessemer Bldg., Sixth St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Pres., Rev. Samuel J. Fisher; Gen. Sec. and Treas., Rev. John M. Gaston.

Directory of Religious Bodies

177

BOARD OP TEMPERANCE, Columbia Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Pres., Rev. Thomas Waiters; Gen Sec., Rev. Charles Scanlon

PERMANENT COMMITTEE ON EVANGELISM, 825 Witherspoon BIdg., Philadelphia, Pa. Chmn , Charles L. Huston; Sec. and Treas., Rev. George G. Mahy.

PERMANENT COMMITTEE ON MEN'S WORK. Chmn, Rev. John Timothy Stone; Gen Sec., Rev. W F. Weir, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- cago, 111.

PERMANENT COMMITTEE ON SABBATH OBSERVANCE, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. Chmn., Rev. H. H. McQuillan; Sec., Rev. H. L. Bowelby.

NEW EEA COMMITTEE, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. Chmn., J. T. Mansem; Gen. Sec, Rev Wm. H. Foulkes; Treas., A R. Nichol.

WOMAN'S BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. Pres., Mrs. F. S. Bennett; Gen. Sec., Miss Lucy H. Dawson, Organ: Home Missions Monthly.

WOMAN'S BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. Pres., Miss Margaret E Hodge; Gen. Sec., Mrs. Charles EL Roys.

Colleges and Universities Name Location

Albany College Albany, Oreg. ..

Alma College .... . . . . Alma, Mich. .

Buena Vista, College Storm Lake, Iowa

Carroll College Waukesha, Wis.

Cumberland University Lebanon, Tenn, .

Davis and Elkins College Elkms, W. Va.

Emporia, College of Empona, Kans.

Hastings College Hastings, Neb.

Huron College Huron, S. D .

Idaho, College of Caldwell, Idaho .

Illinois College Jacksonville, 111. .

James Milliken University,

Decatur College and Industrial School Decatur, 111. . . .

Jamestown College Jamestown, N. D

Kentucky College for Women Danville, Ky. . .

Lafayette College Easton, Pa. ..

Lincoln College Lincoln, 111. .

Lmdenwood College St. Charles, Mo

Macalester College St. Paul, Minn

Maryville College Maryville, Tenn.

Missouri Valley College Marshall, Mo.

Ozarks, College of The Clarksmlle, Ark,

Parsons College Fairfield, Iowa

Pikeville College Pikeville, Ky.

Rollins College Winter Park, Fla..

Trinity University Waxahachie, Tex.

Tulsa, University of , Tulsa, Okla

Waynesburg College Waynesburg, Pa. .

Westminster College Fulton, Mo . . .

Westminster College Salt Lake City, Utah

Whitworth College Spokane, Wash, ....

Wilson College Chambersburg, Pa .

Wootfer, The College of Wooster, Ohio

President or Dean .A M Williams. .H. M. Crooks. .Rev A M Boyd .W. A Ganfield, .John Royal Harris .James E. Allen. .Frederick W. Lewis .Calvin H. French .George S. McCune. .W. J. Boone. .C H. Rammelkamp.

.Louis E. Holden B. H. Kroeze.

".John H McCracken. .A. E. Turner.

John L Roemer .Elmer A. Bess.

S. T. Wilson. .W. H. Black.

Hubert S. Lyle .Howard McDonald. ,J. F Record. .Calvin H. French.

John H Burma. . J. M Gordon.

Paul R Stewart,

(acting) .E E Reed.

H. W. Reherd.

,W. H Robinson, Ji

,E. D. Warfield,

Charles F Wishart

Theological Seminaries

Auburn Theological Seminary

Johnson C. Smith Univ, Theo. Dept. Bloomfield Theological Seminary . . . .

Dubuque German College and Seminary. Evangelical Seminary of Porto Rico Lane Theological Seminary ... . . .

Lincoln University, Theological Dept, McCormick Theological Seminary

Omaha Theological Seminary

Princeton Theological Seminary . . . 5an Francisco Theological Seminary. . Theological Seminary of Kentucky —

Auburn, N. Y

Charlotte, N. C ...

Bloomfield, N. J...

Dubuque, Iowa ..

Rio Pedras, P. R.

Cincinnati, Ohio ..,

Lincoln Univ., Pa.,

.Chicago, 111

. Omaha, Neb

. Princeton, N. J . . . . .San Anselmo, Calif.

Louisville, Ky

Western Theological Seminary Pittsburgh, Pa.

. George B. Stewart. .H. L. McCrorey. .H. E. Richards. .Cornelius M. Steffens. .J A. McAllister. .William McKibbinu .John B. Rendall. .James G. K. McCtae. .J. M. Wilson .J. Ross Stevenson. Warren H. LaMon. . John M. Vander

Muelen. .James A. K«lsa

178 Year Book of the Churches

Academies

Southold Academy Southold, N. Y. . ..John H Lelir

W. Nottingham Academy ....... . . Colora, Md. . . .

The following institutions are not connected with the Presbyterian Church by any legal ties, nor are they subject to ecclesiastical con- trol. Their history, however, and associations with the life and work of our Church are such as to justify our earnest cooperation with them.

Blackburn College Carlmville, 111 Win M Hudson

Centre College of Kentucky .Damille, Ky R Ames Montgomeiy Coe College ... . .Cedar Rapids, Iowa Rev Hairy Morehouse Gage

Elmira College . .... Elniira, N Y j Rev Frederick Lent

Grove City College . Grove City, Pa Weir C Ketler

Hamilton College Clinton,, N Y1,.. . .Frederick C Feiiy

Hanover College Hanovei, Ind . Rev W A Millis

Lincoln University Lincoln Univ , Pa John B RendalL

Occidental 'College Los Angeles, Calif Reinsert D End

Park College Parkville, Mo Frederick W. Hawley

Tusculum College .. . . Greeneville, Tenn. . C. 0 Gray W abash College . . . Crawf 01 dsville, Ind. ,G L Mackintosh Washington and Jefferson col- lege Washington, Pa... ,S S Baker

Western College for Women . Oxford, Ohio ,W W. Boyd.

Periodicals

The Presbyterian Magazine (monthly), organ of the Mission Boards, New York, Editor, Rev. James M. Snowden; Business Mgr., H. P. Camden; Presbyterian Advance, Nashville, Tenn.; Con- tinent (weekly), New York City and Chicago, 111.; Presbyterian (•weekly), Philadelphia, Pa.; Presbyterian Banner, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Herald and Presbyter (weekly), Cincinnati, Ohio; Woman's Work, New York City, Editor, Mrs. Henry Elliott

History

The earliest American Presbyterian churches were established in Virginia, New England, Maryland, the Carolinas, and New York, and were chiefly of English origin, their pastors being mostly Church of England ministers holding Presbyterian views. In Virginia the Rev. Alexander Whitaker was installed, about 1614, as pastor of a church which was governed by himself and a? few of the most religious men, and in 1630 the Rev. Richard Denton located in Wethersfield, Conn., removed in 1641 to Stamford, Conn., and in 1644 to Hempstead, L. I. Between 1642 and 1649 many of the Virginia Puritans were driven out of that colony and found refuge in Maryland and North Caro- lina; while Denton and his associates found New Amsterdam more friendly than New England. The English Presbyterian element m Maryland and the colonies to the northward was strengthened by the arrival, from 1670 to 1690, of a considerable number of Scotch colonists, the beginnings of a great immimgration. There were many Presbyterians among the early settlers of New England, and the church founded at Plymouth in 1620, and other churches in that region had ruling elders as officers. Several synods were also held, one of which, in 1649, adopted the Westminster Standards for doc- trine. English-speaking1 Presbyterians were first found in New York City in 1643, with the Rev. Francis Doughty as their minister, though no church was organized there until 1717. Presbyterian churches of English origin, however, were established earlier on Long Island, among which are to be noted Southold (1640) and Jamaica (1656). The founders of the earliest churches in New Jersey — Newark (1667), Elizabeth (1668), Woodbridge (1680), and Fairfield (1680)-— were from Connecticut and Long Island. The first church in Pennsylvania was that founded by Welsh colonists at Great Valley about 1690,

Directory of Religious Bodies 179

while the church in Philadelphia dates from 1698. In 1683 the Pres- bytery of Laggan, Ireland, in response to a letter from William Stevens, a member of the Council of the Colony of Maryland, sent to this country the Kev. Francis Makemie, who became the apostle of American Presbyterianism. He gave himself to the work of eccle- siastical organization, and at last succeeded in bringing into organic unity some of the scattered Presbyterian churches throughout the colonies.

In the spring of 1706, 7 ministers, representing about 22 congre- gations, not including the Presbyterians of New England, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia, met at Philadelphia and organized a presbytery, which in 1717 was transformed into a synod.

The synod in 1729 passed what is called the "adopting act," by which it was agreed that all the ministers under its jurisdiction should "declare their agreement in, and approbation of, the Confes- sion of Faith, with the Larger and Shorter Cathechisms of the As- sembly of Divines at Westminster, as being, in all essential and neces- sary articles, good forms of sound words, and systems of Christian doctrine," and also "adopt the said Confession and Catechisms as the confession of their faith." At the same time the synod also denied to the civil magistrate power over the church and power to persecute any for their religion.

The general religious movement which characterized the early part of the eighteenth century, and manifested itself in Germany in Pietism, in England in Methodism, and in the American colonies in The Great Awakening, deeply affected the Presbyterian Church. When Whitefield came to the country in 1739, he found most congenial fel- low-workers in Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, Jr., and their as- sociates of the Log College. They, however, became so severe in their denunication of "unconverted ministers" as to arouse bitter op- position; and the result was a division, one party, the "New Side," endorsing the revival and insisting that less stress should be laid on college training, and more on the evidence that the candidate was a regenerate man, and called by the Holy Ghost to the ministry; the other, the "Old Side," opposing revivals and disposed to insist that none but graduates of British universities or New England colleges should be accepted as candidates for the ministry. There was also divergence of views with regard to the interpretation of the Stand- ards, but in 1758 the bodies reunited upon the basis of the West- minster Standards pure and simple. At that date the church con- sisted of 98 ministers, about 200 congregations, and some 10,000 com- municants.

It was during the period of this division that the New Side established, in 1746, the College of New Jersey, later Princeton Uni- versity, for the purpose of securing an educated ministry. In 1768, the College called John Witherspoon from Scotland and installed him as president and professor of divinity.

Ecclesiastical forces were among the powerful influences operat- ing to secure the separation of the colonies from Great Britain, and the opening of the Revolutionary War found the Presbyterian Church on the colonial side. The general synod called upon the churches to uphold firmly the resolutions of Congress and to let it be seen that they were "able to bring out the whole strength of this vast country to carry them into execution." At the close of the war the synod con- gratulated the churches on the "general and almost universal attach- ment of the Presbyterian body to the cause of liberty and the rights of mankind."

With the restoration of peace in 1783 the Presbyterian Church gradually recovered from the evils wrought by war, and the need of further organization was deeply felt. It had always been ecclesi- astically independent, having no organic connection with European

180 Year Book of the Churches

or British churches of like faith; but the independence of the United States had created new conditions for the Christian churches as well as for the American people. All denominations were no longer merely tolerated, but were entitled to full civil and religious rights in all the states. In view of these new conditions, the synod, in May, 1788, adopted, as the constitution of the church, the Westminster Confes- sion of Faith, the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, the Form of Gov- ernment and Discipline, and the Directory for the Worship of God. Certain changes were made in the Confession, the Catechisms, and the Directory, in behalf of liberty in worship, and in prayer, and, above all, of freedom from control by the state. The Form of Gov- ernment was altogether a new document and established the General Assembly as the governing body in the church. The first General Assembly met in 1789 in Philadelphia.

The first important movement in the church after the adoption of the constitution was the formulation of a Plan of Union with the Congregational associations of New England. It began with corre- spondence in 1792, and reached its consummation in the agreements made from 1801 to 1810 between the General Assembly and the associations of Connecticut and of other states. This plan allowed Congregational ministers to serve Presbyterian churches, and vice versa; and also allowed to churches composed of members of both denominations the right of representation in either presbytery or coun- cil. It remained in force until 1837, and was useful to both denomina- tions in securing the results of the great revivals of religion through- out the country, and also in furthering the causes of home and foreign missions, but, on the other hand, it introduced administrative peculiarities and doctrinal tendencies that gave rise to serious ap- prehensions among many Presbyterians.

What is known as the Cumberland separation took place during this period. The Presbytery of Cumberland ordained to the min- istry persons who, in the judgment of the Synod of Kentucky, were not qualified for the office, either by learning or by sound doctrine, The controversies between the two judicatones resulted in the dis- solution of the presbytery by the synod in 1806, and finally, in 1810, in arrangements for the organization of the Cumberland Presby- terian Church.

The membership of the church during this period, 1790 to 1837, increased from 18,000 to 220,557, due mainly to a revival of religion, of which camp meetings were one of the main features in western Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Kentucky. In this period also the first theological seminary of the church was founded at Princeton, N. J. (1812), and most of the missionary and benevolent boards were es- tablished.

The Presbyterian Church has always maintained the rights of women in the church in connection with administrative affairs. Wom- en members have ordinarily voted for pastors and other spiritual church officers. Women's foreign missionary societies were organized as early as 1870, and women's work m home missions in 1879. There is also a woman's department of the Freedmen's Board. The last step taken by the church in connection with the Christian service of women was the adoption, in 1915, of a provision in the form of government authorizing the election and setting apart of deaconesses m each of the churches, these officers being under the direction of the session.

The official publications of the church are the records of the General Presbytery, 1706-1716; of the General Synod, 1717-1788, and of the General Assembly, 1789-1921, each in printed form. They are the most complete ecclesiastical records in the United States of America. Both the minutes of the General Assembly and the reports of the boards are now issued annually.

Directory of Religious Bodies 181

The standards of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America are twofold — the standards of doctrine and the standards of government, discipline, and worship. These last are contained in documents known as the "form of government," the "book of discipline," and the "directory for worship," and, taken together, form the constitution of the church. They were first adopted in 1788, and amendments and additions have been made from time to time, the book of discipline being entirely reconstructed in 1884-85.

Doctrine

The standards of doctrine of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America are the Westminster Confession of Faith and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms. These were first adopted in 1729. In 1788 certain amendments to the Confession and Larger Catechism were approved by the General Synod, giving expression to the American doctrine of the independence of the church and of religious opinion from control by the state. In 1886 the clause for- bidding marriage with a deceased wife's sister was stricken out, and in 1902 certain alterations were again made, and there were added two chapters, "Of the Holy Spirit," and "Of the Love of God and Missions." A declaratory statement was also adopted setting forth the universality of the gospel offer of salvation, declaring that sin- ners are condemned only on the ground of their sin, and affirming that all persons dying in infancy are elect and therefore saved. As a whole, these standards are distinctly Calvinistic. They emphasize the sovereignty of God in Christ in the salvation of the individual; affirm that each believer's salvation is a part of the eternal divine plan; that salvation is not a reward for faith, but that both faith and salavtion are gifts of God; that man is utterly unable to save himself; that regeneration is an act of God and of God alone; and that he who is once actually saved is always saved.

Discipline is defined in the book of discipline as "the exercise of that authority, and the application of that system of laws, which the Lord Jesus Christ has appointed in His church." In practice it is controlled by a policy of guidance and regulation, rather than one of restriction and punishment. Christian liberty is regarded as con- sistent with the wise administration of Christian law.

The Directory for Worship makes no restriction as to place or form. The church insists upon the supreme importance of the spirit- ual element, and leaves both ministers and people at full liberty to worship God in accordance with the dictates of their own consciences. The sacraments are administered by ministers only, and ordinarily only ministers and licentiates are authorized to teach officially. A book of common worship was approved by the General Assembly in 1906 for optional use by pastors and congregations.

Polity

The organization of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America is set forth in the Form of Government. It has as its two principal factors the ministers as representatives of Christ and the ruling elders as representatives of the people; and these two classes constitute the four judicatories which form the ad- ministrative system. These are the session, which governs the con- gregation; the presbytery, which governs a number of congrega- tions within a limited geographic district; the synod, which governs the congregations within a larger geographic district; and the gen- eral assembly, which is the supreme judicatory. All of these courts are vested with legislative, executive, and judicial powers.

Applicants for church membership are examined by the session as to their Christian life and belief, but are not required tq assent

182 Year Book of the Churches

to the creed of the church. The usual form of baptism is sprinkling, both for infants and unbaptized adults on confession of faith. The invitation to the Lord's Supper is usually general for all evangelical Christians.

The General Assembly is the highest ludicatory of the t Presby- terian Church. It is composed of an equal number of clerical and lay commissioners.

Its officers are a moderator and a stated clerk. The term of the stated clerk is five years and he may be elected to succeed himself. The moderator serves for one year and with the stated clerk acts as the representative of the church during the interim between the meetings of the General Assembly. The General Assembly decides all controversies respecting doctrine and discipline, erects new synods, appoints the various boards and commissions, receives and issues all appeals, etc. Its decision is final, except in all cases affecting the constitution of the church. It meets annually on the third Thurs- day in May.

The General Assembly has appointed permanent executive and judicial commissions with carefully regulated and restricted powers. Membership on these bodies is ordinarily limited to three years. Of the executive commission the moderator is the chairman and the stated clerk the secretary.

PEESBYTEEIAN CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES

(South)

General Assembly, annual ; next meeting, Montreal, N. C , May 17, 1923.

Seventeen synods; 88 presbyteries.

Officers of the General Assembly: Hod, Eev. E. C. Eeed, Columbia, S. C. ; Stated Clerk and Treas., Rev J. D Leslie, Dallas, Tex.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, 156 Fifth Ave. N., Nashville, Tenn. Exec. Sec., Eev. Egbert W. Smith; Sec. Foreign Correspondence and Editor, Rev. S. H. Chester; Associate Field and Foreign Sec., Eev. J. 0. Eeavis; Treas., Edwin F. Willis.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OP HOME MISSIONS, 1522 Hurt Bldg., At- lanta, Ga. Exec. Sec , Eev. S. L. Morris; Sec., Eev. Homer McMillan; Treas., A. N. Sharp.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION AND MINISTERIAL RELIEF, 410 Urban Bldg., Louisville, Ky. Exec. Sec., Rev. Henry H. Sweets; Treas., John Stites.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION AND SABBATH SCHOOL WORK, Publishing House, 6 and 8 N. Sixth St., Richmond, Va. Exec. Sec. and Treas., R. E. Magill.

PERMANENT COMMITTEE ON BIBLE SOCIETY. Chmn., Rev. Rus- sell Cecil, Eichmond, Va.

PERMANENT COMMITTEE ON STEWARDSHIP. Gen. Sec,, Rev. M. E. Melvin, Chattanooga, Tenn.

PERMANENT COMMITTEE ON THE SABBATH AND FAMILY RELIGION. Ckmn., Rev. Robert Hill, Tyler, Tex.

Swpt. Sunday Schools and Young People's Societies, Rev. Gilbert Glass, Richmond, Va.

WOMAN'S AUXILIARY, Field Bldg., Taylor and Olive Sts., St. Louis, Mo, Sicpt., Mrs. W. C. Winsborough.

Directory of Religious Bodies

188

Colleges and Schools Location

President or Dean

. Richmond, Va F T. McFaden.

. . . Decatur, Ga . F H. Games.

Name Assembly's Training School . . .

Agnes Scott College ___ ,

Alabama Presbyterian College for Men.. Anmston, Ala. . . .David Park.

Arkansas College Batesvile, Ark W. S. Lacy.

Austin College Sherman, Tex. . T S Clyce.

Belhaven College Jackson, Miss ..G T. Gillespie.

Chicora College for Women Columbia, S C .. S C." Byrd.

Daniel Baker College Brownwood, Tex. . . S. E. Chandler.

Davidson College Davidson, N C ... .William J. Martin- Davis and Elkms College Elkms, W. Va James E. Allen.

Flora Macdonald College Red Springs, N. C . C G Vardell,

Hampden-Sidney College Hampden-Sidney, Va J D. Eggleston.

Isbell Presbyterian College for Girls ..Talladega, Ala C Gerard White

King College Bristol, Tenn. . . Tilden Scherer.

Lewi sburg Seminary Lewisburg, W. Va .John I. Armstrong.

Mary Baldwin Seminary Staunton, Va. . .Miss M P. Higgins.

Mississippi Synodical College Holly Springs, Miss .R T. Cooper.

Mitchell College Statesville, N. C J. M. Moore.

Oklahoma Presbyterian College for Girls. Durant, Okla. E D. Hotchkm.

Palmer College and Academy De Funiak Spgs , Fla W. M. Keinper.

Peace Institute Raleigh, N. C . .Miss M. O Graham.

Presbyterian College of S. C Clinton, S. C ...DM. Douglas.

Queens College Charlotte, N C W H Fraser

Sayre College Lexington, Ky. . A S. Venable.

Sillrman College Clinton, La. . U B Currie.

Southwestern Presbyterian University . . Clarksville, Tenn. . Chas Edward Diehl.

Stonewall Jackson College Abmgdon, Va. . F W Alexander.

Synodical College Fulton, Mo

Texas Presbyterian College Milford, Tex. . .French W Thompson.

Westminster College Fulton, Mo E. E Reed.

Theological Seminaries

Austin Theological Seminary Austin, Tex. . Thomas W. Currie.

Columbia Seminary Columbia, S C J. M Wells.

Presbyterian Theological Seminary of Ky Louisville, Ky . J. M. Vander Meulen,

Stillman Institute (colored) Tuscaloosa, Ala. .R A Brown

Union Theological Seminary Richmond, Va. .W. W Moore

Periodicals

Christian Observer, Louisville, Ky., Editor, Rev. David M. Sweets; Presbyterian Standard, Charlotte, N. C., Editor, Rev. J. R. Bridges; Presbyterian of the South, Richmond, Va., Editor, Rev. W. S. Campbell; Missionary Survey, Edited by the Board Sees., Rev. S. H. Chester, Rev. S. L. Morris, Rev. Henry H. Sweets, R E. Magill and Mrs. W. C. Winsborough.

History

When the Civil War broke out, in 1861, the Old School General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, in session in Philadelphia, through what were known as the "Spring resolutions," pledged its whole constituency to the support of the Federal Government in the contest which was then beginning. The Southern churches which were connected with the assembly took the ground that this action violated the constitution of the church, in that it assumed to decide a disputed political question, and would inevitably introduce the strife and rancor of political discussion into the church courts. There was also a deep-seated conviction that the difference of opinion as to the status of slavery was radical and irreconcilable. The great ma- jority of the Northern churches, whether or not they gave formal expression to their belief, regarded slavery as sinful. The Southern churches refused absolutely to "make slaveholding a sin or non- slaveholding a term (condition) of communion." Accordingly 47 pres- byteries formally withdrew from connection with the Old School General Assembly, and their commissioners met in Augusta, Ga., December 4, 1861, and organized the General Assembly of the Pres- byterian Church in the Confederate States of America.

184 Year Book of the Churches

In 1864 tlie United Synod and the General Assembly of the Con- federate States came together, and in the following year adopted the name, "The Presbyterian Church m the United States." This united church was further enlarged by the accession of several bodies which had proclaimed themselves independent of the Northern Assembly, in protest against any political action by an ecclesiastical body. Of these, the largest were the Synod of Kentucky, which joined in 1869, and the Synod of Missouri, which joined in 1874.

As the discussions connected with the Civil War subsided, fra- ternal relations were established with the Northern churches in 1882, and in 1888 the two General Assemblies held a joint meeting in Philadelphia in celebration of the centenary of the adoption of the constitution of the church. In 1897 each assembly celebrated the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Westminster Assembly, which formulated the Confession of Faith and Catechism of the Church.

Various efforts have been made to bring together these two great sections of the Presbytenan Church. As yet, however, they have not been successful, owing partly to differences in doctrinal emphasis and church conduct, but chiefly to diversity in community and church life. The Northern churches make no distinction between white and Negro; the Southern churches have adopted a policy of separation, being moved thereto by the conviction that the best development of the Negroes would be secured by the increased responsibility thus laid upon them, and by apprehension that social embarrassment might result from ecclesiastical relations. So far as may be, the Negro members are organized into separate congregations, and these into separate presbyteries, with reference to an ultimate colored Pres- byterian Church. An independent synod was thus set off by the assembly in 1897, but two presbyteries, composed exclusively of ne- groes, owing to remoteness, remained as constituent parts of the synods in whose bounds they are located. However, in 1916, the General Assembly constituted these and two other Negro presbyteries existing within its territory into a synod composed exclusively of Negro ministers and members, yet being a constituent part of the Presbtyerian Church in the United States.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrinal matters the church is strictly Calvinistic, adheres closely to the standards, and, while allowing liberty of dissent in minor matters, requires strict creed subscription from all its min- isters and office bearers. It particularly excludes from its courts all discussion of political questions, holds to the plenary inspiration of the Bible, and has not abated faith in its inerrancy. It claims that the Scriptures forbid women the public expounding of God's Word, or other functions pertaining to an ordained minister, but admits their services in other lines of Christian work.

In polity the principal distinctive feature is the recognition of ruling elders as entitled to deliver the charge in the installation of a pastor and to serve as moderators of any of the higher courts.

CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

General Assembly, annual , next meeting at Fairfield, 111 , May 17-23, 1923.

Twelve synods and 70 presbyteries.

Officers : M od , Rev. Hugh I. MeCord, Marshall, Mo. ; Stated Clerk and Treas., Rev. D. "W. Fooks, Nashville, Tenn.

Directory of Religious Bodies 185

BOAKD OF MISSIONS AND CHURCH ERECTION. Pres., Rev. Tom Dyer, Odessa, Mo.; Treas., Dr. R. M. King, Warrensburg, Mo.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres, A. C. Biddle, Clarksville, Tenn.; Cor. Sec. and Treas., Rev. W. B. Cunningham, Union City, Tenn.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION, SUNDAY SCHOOL AND YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK, Nashville, Tenn. Pres., Rev. J. M Cook, London, Tenn.; Sec. and Treas., Rev. Charles R. Matlock, Cleveland, Tenn.

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF. Pres., Rev. C. A. Galloway, Jack- son, Tenn.; Cor. Sec. and Treas., Rev. John A. McLane, Bethany, 111.

TITHING BOARD. Evangelist, Rev. Hugh McCord, Marshall, Mo.; Treas., Mrs. Vint N. Bray Freeman, Mansfield, Mo.

Colleges

Name Location Dean

Bethel College ... McKenzie, Tenn

Cumberland College (temporarily sus- pended) Leonard, Tex.

Theological Seminary

Cumberland Presbyterian Theological Sem- inary McKenzie, Tenn. . . P F. Johnson

Periodical

Cumberland Presbyterian, Nashville, Tenn., Editor, Rev. J. L. Hadgms, Nashville, Tenn.

History

The opening years of the nineteenth century witnessed a re- markable religious awakening in various parts of the United States. Revivals were numerous and in certain sections were accompanied by strange "bodily exercises." As the revival work progressed, physical manifestations became so marked as to create an unfavor- able reaction, and some Presbyterian ministers set themselves against the entire movement. Others favored it, on the ground that various communities in which it was carried on were indeed transformed. The division in sentiment resulted finally in two distinct parties, re- vival and antirevival; the one inclined to regard the bodily exercises as a sign of divine approval; the other unable to see any good in the work because of the extravagances.

At the first meeting of the Synod of Kentucky in 1802 the south- western portion of the Presbytery of Transsylvania, including the Cumberland country, was constituted the Presbytery of Cumberland. As the revival, which had started in the Transsylvania Presbytery, spread to the various small settlements in this section, the demand for ministers became greater than the supply, and the revival party, which controlled the new presbytery, believed that the emergency, as well as precedent, justified them in introducing into the ministry men who had not had the usual academic and theological training. A few such were inducted into the ministry ,and others were set apart as "exhorters." In addition to this, those thus inducted into the min- istry were permitted, if they so desired, to adopt the Westminster Confession "as far as they deemed it agreeable to the Word of God," the reservation having special reference to "the idea of fatality, which," as they later expressed it, "seems to be taught under the mysterious doctrine of predestination."

The antirevival party objected both to the admission into the min- istry of men who were not up to the usual literary and theological standard, and to the permission of this reservation in regard to doc- trine.

The result after much controversy was the organization of a new independent presbytery February 4? 1810. The organization grew

186 Year Book of the Churches

rapidly, and in the course of a few years it became apparent that a new denomination had entered upon its career. At first it was referred to as "the members of the Cumberland Presbytery." As the denominational idea became more apparent, it was called the "Cum- berland Presbyterian," the next step being to call it the "Cumber- land Presbyterian Church."

In October, 1813, the Presbytery of Cumberland, or General Presbytery, was divided into 3 presbyteries, and a general synod was constituted. This continued to be the supreme judicatory until 1828, when there was a reorganization. In place of the general synod, 4 synods were constituted and a general assembly, which met in 1829.

After the War Between the States a mutual agreement for the establishment of the Colored Cumberland Presbyterian Church was reached, as affording to the Negroes the opportunities they needed most for church development.

Doctrine

In doctrine the Cumberland Presbyterian Church is essentially Calvinistic of the more moderate type; that is, it has uniformly pro- tested against the doctrine of reprobation; but recognizes fully the sovereignty of God and the doctrine of the perseverance of the saints. The Westminster Confession continued to be the creed of the church until 1814, when a revision was made which was de- signed to be a popular statement of doctrine emphasizing human responsibility, and this was again revised along much the same lines in 1883.

So far as church membership is concerned, no subscription to the confession is required. Those who are ordained to the ministry, eldership, and diaconate, are required to subscribe to the Confession of Faith.

Polity

In polity the Cumberland Presbyterian Church has always been thoroughly presbyterian, its government being exercised by the vari- ous courts — session, presbytery, synod, and general assembly. The principle of delegated authority is supreme, and the conditions of church membership include a pledge to abide by and support the rules and regulations of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church.

UNITED PEESBYTEEIAN CHURCH

General Assembly, annual ; next session, Buffalo, N. T , May 23, 1923

Sixty-nine presbyteries

Officers of the General Assembly : M od., Kev. J. Kelly Giffen, Khartum, Sudan, India, Vice-Mod., Eev. Chas. P. Proudfit, Xenia, Ohio ; Stated Clerk, Eev. David F. McGill, Bellevue, Pa.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Philadelphia, Pa. Cor. Sec., Rev. W. B. Anderson, 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Twos*, Robert L. Latimer, 24 N. Front St., Philadelphia, Pa.

BOAKD OF HOME MISSIONS, 703 Publication Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Cor. Sec., Rev. R. A. Hutchinson; Treas., J. Allison Reed, 519 Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

BOARD OF FREEDMEN'S MISSIONS, 608 Publication Bldg., Pitts- burgh, Pa. Cor. Sec. and Treas., Rev. R. W. McGranahan.

BOARD OF CHURCH EXTENSION, 701 Publication Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Cor. Sec., Rev. J. C. KMler, 209 Ninth St., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Treas., George C. Arnold, Monongahela National Bank, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Directory of Religious Bodies 187

BOARD OF EDUCATION, 1180 E. 63d St., Chicago, 111. Cor. Sec., Rev. John E. Bradford; Treas. of Income Funds, Hugh R. Moffett, Monmouth, I1L; Treas, of Permanent Funds, R. L. Wray, Monmouth, jiu.*

BOARD OF PUBLICATION, Publication Bldg., 209 Ninth St., Pitts- burgh, Pa. Business Mgr., Rev. E. M. Milligan; Cor. Sec.f Rev. John McNaugber; Editor of Sabbath School Periodicals, Rev. R. J. Miller; Ckmn. of Sabbath School Committee, T. J. Gillespie; Treas., George C. Arnold, Monongahela Nat'l Bank., Pittsburgh, Pa.

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF, Philadelphia, Pa. Cor. Sec., Rev. J. C. Scouller, 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., W. J. Gra- ham, 201 Bulletin Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

WOMEN'S BOARD, Publication Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Sec., Miss Jennie B. Wallace; Treas., Mrs, J. B. Hill, 1531 Denmston Ave , Pitts- burgh, Pa. Organ: Woman's Missionary Magazine.

YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK. Gen. Sec., Rev. J. A. Cosby, Ellwood City, Pa.

MISSIONARY AND EFFICIENCY COMMITTEE, Pittsburgh, Pa. Chmn., Rev. W. L Wishart, 2333 Perrysville Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Exec. Sec., Rev. J. H. White, 209 Ninth St., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Treas., J, Allison Reed.

Colleges

Name Location President

Sterling College Sterling, Kans Ross T. Campbell.

Knoxville College Knoxville, Tenn J. K Giffen

Monmouth College . Monmouth, 111 Thomas H. McMichael.

Muskingum College New Concord, Ohio J. Knox Montgomery.

Tarkio College ... Tarkio, Mo Jos. Addison Thompson.

Westminster College New Wilmington, Pa . . W. C. Wallace.

Theological Seminaries

Name Location President

Pittsburgh Theological Seminary. Pittsburgh, Pa John McNaughei.

Xema Theological Seminary St. Louis, Mo M G Kyle.

Periodicals

United Presbyterian (weekly) , Pittsburgh, Pa., Editor, Rev. W. J. Reid; Christian Union Herald (weekly), Pittsburgh, Pa., Editor, Rev. R. J. Miller.

History

The most successful attempt at union of the different Presby- terian bodies in the United States which represent the Covenanter and Secession movements in Scotland, was that accomplished in 1858, when the greater part of the Associate Synod (Secession) and the Associate Reformed Synod (Secession and Covenanter) were brought together in the United Presbyterian Church of North America, in the city of Pittsburgh. Whatever was distinctive in the views and usages of the two branches of the church, together with their colleges, semi- naries, missionary enterprises, traditions, and records, became the inheritance of the United Church.

Doctrine

The United Presbyterian Church accepts the Westminster Con- fession of Faith and Catechisms as its doctrinal standards, modifying somewhat the chapters on the power of civil magistrates. Accom- panying these standards, as a part of the basis of the union, was a "judicial testimony," declaring the sense in which these symbols were received. This testimony, consisting of eighteen articles, contains the declarations of doctrine and order on which the United Presby- terian Church justifies its separation from other Presbyterian churches.

188 Year Book of the Churches

These eighteen articles affirm: The plenary inspiration of the Scriptures; the eternal sonship of Christ; the fall of man in Adam's transgression; man's present inability to secure salvation; atonement through the satisfaction of the justice of God by the sacrifice of Christ, who thereby placed himself in the room of a definite number chosen before the foundation of the world; the imputation of Christ's righteousness to the believer ; the free and unconditional offer of sal- vation to all who hear it; the necessity of appropriation and persua- sion, as well as of intellectual assent to the gospel, in order to saving faith; repentance as a fruit of justifying faith, not a ground of the sinner's pardon; obedience to the moral law as a perpetual obliga- tion, but not a condition of salvation; the quickening, regenerating, sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit; the headship of Christ, involv- ing His dominion over the church and over all created things; the supremacy, m authority and obligations, of the law of God; that slaveholding is a violation of that law; that secret societies are incon- sistent with the letter and spirit of Christianity; that the observance and offer of church communion should be limited to those keeping the ordinances; that public social covenanting is a moral duty; that the songs contained in the Book of Psalms should be used in public and private worship, to the exclusion of the devotional compositions of uninspired men.

Polity

In organization and government the church is in accord with other Presbyterian bodies, having the same courts — session, presby- tery, synod, and general assembly — and observing the same general methods of baptism, admission to church membership, ordination to the ministry, etc.

COLOEED CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

General Assembly, annual.

Seventeen presbyteries and 4 synods.

Officers: Mod., Rev. H. M. Bishop, Martin, Tenn. ; Stated Clerk, Eev, James Edwards, Huntingdon, Tenn. ; Treas., Elder F. L. Me Williams, Athens, Ala.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Chmn., J. M. W. DeShong, Milan, Tenn. ; Vice-Chmn., Rev. Wm. Fowlks; Treas., Rev. E. J. Simpson, Provi- dence, Ky.; Sec,, Elder J. J, Jenkins, Elkwood, Ala.

BOAJRD OF MISSIONS. Pres., J. M. W. DeShong, Fayetteville, Tenn.; Vice-Pres , Rev. E. E. Jones; Rec. Sec., Rev. Wm. Fowlks; Fin. Sec*, W. D. Edmgton, London, Tenn.; Tr&as., C. H. Dozier, Elkwood, Ala.

BOARD OP PUBLICATION. Pres., Rev. C. H. Jordan; Sec., G. W. Sadler, Waco, Texas.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Elder P. H. Hill, Nashville, Tenn.

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF. Pres., Rev. John Page; See., Rev. R. H. Goodloe, Dyersburg, Tenn.; Treas., Elder D. W, Beadle, Madison, Ala.

WOMAN'S BOAED OF MISSIONS. Pres., Mrs. Bettie Todd-Bonner, Chicago, 111.

School

Name Location Principal

Milan Industrial and Bible Institute . ...Milan, Tenn Miss Phoebe Mitchum.

Periodical

The Colored Cumberland (semi-monthly), Gen. Mgr., J. M. W, DeShong, Milan, Tenn.

Directory of Religious Bodies 189

History

Before the Civil War it was estimated that there were about 20,000 Negro members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. They belonged to the same congregations as the white people, and sat under the same pastors, though they had preachers of their own race, and often held separate meetings. These preachers, however, were not fully ordained and were practically little more than ex- horters. With the close of the war and the changed conditions, these Negro members organized separate churches, and later sought a sepa- rate ecclesiastical organization. They were legally set apart by the General Assembly of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, at Mur- freesboro, Tenn., in May, 1869, each synod being instructed to order the presbyteries in its bounds to ordain the Negro ministers under their charge and organize them into presbyteries of their own. Ac- cordingly, in the fall of that year, three presbyteries, all in Tennes- see, were set apart. The first synod organized was the Tennessee Synod, in 1871, at Fayetteville; and the first General Assembly was organized in 1874 at Nashville. The discussion and final action in regard to uni^n with the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America has not materially affected this body, which remains distinct.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine the Colored Cumberland Presbyterian Church ac- cepts in general the Westminster Confession of Faith, but emphasizes the following points: (1) There are no eternal reprobates; (2) Christ died not for a part only, but for all mankind; (3) all persons dying in infancy are saved through Christ and the sanctification of the Spirit; (4) the Spirit of God operates in the world coextensively with Christ's atonement, in such a manner as to leave all men inexcusable.

In, polity the Colored Cumberland Presbyterian Church is in ac- cord with other Presbyterian bodies, having the usual courts — ses- sion, presbytery, synod, and general assembly — and, as officers, bishops or pastors, ruling elders, and deacons.

WELSH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

(Calvinistic Methodist)

This body has recently united with the Presbyterian Church,

U. S. A.

ASSOCIATE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN SYNOD

Synod, annual.

Seven presbyteries, 1 in Mexico, and 1 in India. Officers of Synod : Mod , Kev Oliver Johnson, Winsboro, S. C. ; Principal Clerk, Kev. A. S. Kogers, Rock Hill, S. C.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Due West, S* C. Chmn,, Rev. F. Y. Pressly; Sec., Rev. G. G. Parkinson; Treas., P. L. Grier.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS AND CHURCH EXTENSION. Chmn., Rev. J. C. Galloway, Gastonia, N. C.; Cor. Sec., Eev. R. G. Miller, Char- lotte, N. C,, R. F. D. 1; Treas., Rev. G. R. White, Charlotte, N. C., R. F. D.

SABBATH SCHOOL AND YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK. Gen. Sec., Rev. J. W. Carson, Newberry, S. C.

JUNIOR CHRISTIAN WORK. Gen. Sec., Mrs. W. B. Lindsay, Char- lotte, N. C.

190 Year Book of the Churches

WOMAN'S WORK. Gen. Sec., Mrs. J. R. Miller, Rock Hill, S. C. BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF. Sec., Rev. R. W. Carson, Bruns- wick, Terni.

Colleges Name Location President or Dean

Bryson College Fayetteville, Tenn H B. Blakely

Erskme College Due West, S. C R. C. Gnen

Woman's College Due West, S. C Richard L. Robinson.

Theological Seminary Theological Seminary Due West, S. C F. Y Pressly.

Periodical

Associate Reformed Presbyterian, Due West, S. C., Editor, Rev. R. M. Stevenson.

History

The union in 1782 of the Reformed Presbytery, representing the old Scotch Covenanters, and the Associate Presbytery, representing the Associate Synod, Anti-Burgher, of Scotland, in the Associate Re- formed Presbyterian Church, was followed by a steady increase in the strength of that body, until it included four synods which were organized under a general synod. One of these synods, the Synod of the Carolinas, became somewhat doubtful of the loyalty of the gen- eral synod to the distinctive principles of the Scotch churches, and withdrew in 1821, becoming in the next year an independent body — the Associate Reformed Synod of the South, so called to distinguish it from other Associate Reformed synods in the North. By the union of 1858, which formed the United Presbyterian Church, there ceased to be any other Associate Reformed synods in the North or elsewhere, and there being no longer need of the distinction, the synod, in 1913, dropped the phrase "of the South," and adopted the name Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine the synod is thoroughly Calvinistic, having the same symbols of faith as the other Reformed Presbyterian churches. In polity it is presbyterian, in close accord with other similar bodies. Its distinctive feature, it claims, is the exclusive use of the Psalms in praise.

REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH (Old School)

Synod, annual , next meeting at Wmona Lake, Ind , June 6; 1923.

Officers : M od., Kev. J. E. W. Stevenson, Idana, Kans ; Clerk, Rev. D. C. Mathews, New Alexandria, Pa.; Stated Clerk and Treas., James S. Tibby, 408 Penn Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

SYNOD'S BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Pres., George A. McRee, Pittsburgh Pa.; Sec.-Treas., James S. Tibby, 408 Penn Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa

FOREIGN MISSION BOARD. Pres., R. J. Bole, New York, N. Y. Cor. Sec., Rev. F. M. Wilson, 2410 N. Marshall St., Philadelphia, Pa. Treas., Jos. M. Steele, 1600 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

HOME MISSION BOARD. Pres., Rev. E. L. McKnight, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Sec.-Treas., James S. Tibby, 408 Penn Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

JEWISH MISSION BOARD. Pres., Rev. M. M. Pearce, 315 Bucking- ham Place, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Treas., Jos. M. Steele, Philadelphia, Pa.

Directory of Religious Bodies 191

BOARD OF CHUKCH ERECTION. Pres., Evan W. Jones, New York City; Sec., S. E. Greer, 411 S. 43d St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., Jos. M. Steele, Philadelphia, Pa.

BOARD OF RELIEF. Pres., A. F. Reid, Morning Sun, Iowa; Sec., Rev. H. G. Patterson, Morning Sun, Iowa; Treas., James S. Tibby, Philadelphia, Pa.

Secretary of the Forward Movement, Rev, B. H. Elliott, 1101 W. 10th St., Topeka, Kans.

WOMEN'S SYNODICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Pres., Mrs. Myrta May Dodds, 2018 S. Columbine St., Denver, Colo.; Rec. Sec., Mrs. R. M. Young, Parnassus, Pa.; Cor. Sec., Mrs. W. M. Hutcheson, Sterl- ing, Kans. ; Treas., Mrs. W. 0 Ferguson, Denison, Kans.

REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN WOMAN'S ASSOCIATION. Pres., Mrs. W. J. Coleman, 2325 Osgood St., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Cor. Sec., Mrs. G. A. McKee, 2430 Perrysville Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Treas., Mrs. Agnes E. Steele, 321 Lehigh Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

College

Name Location President

Geneva College .Beaver Falls, Pa A A. Johnston.

Theological Seminary Theological Seminary East End, Pittsburgh, Pa R C. Wylle.

Periodicals

Christian Nation (weekly) , New York City, Editor, J, W. Pritch- ard, 1105 Tribune Building; Ohve Trees (monthly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, M. M. Pearoe, 315 Buckingham Place, Philadelphia, Pa.

History

The Presbyterian Church of Scotland was organized by John Knox on his return from a conference with Calvin at Geneva, in 1560. As it became evident that the Stuart dynasty was bitterly op- posed to the organization, because of its asserted independence of state control, a movement was started in 1580, though apparently not fully organized, for covenanting together in defense of the Pres- byterian Church, and this movement secured a quasi indorsement from James VI. On the 28th of February, 1638, in Grayfriars Church, Edinburgh, the Covenant, with important additions, to adapt it to the times, was renewed.

Anticipating hostile action from the king, the Covenanters pre- pared far war, and the following years were signalized by constant * hostilities, which continued until 1640, when an agreement was signed for commissioners to settle the points in dispute, and the "Solemn League and Covenant" was received by "the English Parliament and the Assembly of Divines in 1643." This covenant consisted in an oath to be subscribed by all sorts of persons in both kingdoms, where- by they bound themselves to preserve the Reformed religion in the Church of Scotland, in doctrine, worship, discipline, and government * * * according to the Word of God and practice of the best Re- formed churches and to endeavor to bring the churches of God in the three kingdoms to the nearest conjunction and uniformity in religion, confession of faith, form of church government, directory for worship, and catechising; to "endeavor, without respect of per- sons, the extirpation of popery, prelacy (that is, church government by archbishops and all other ecclesiastical officers depending on that hierarchy), and whatsoever should be found contrary to sound doc- trine and the power of godliness"; to "preserve the rights and privi- leges of the parliaments, the liberties of the kingdom, and the king's majesty's person and authority in the preservation and defense of

192 Year Book of the Churches

the true religion and ^ liberties of the kingdom"; to "endeavor the discovery of incendiaries and malignants hindering the reformation of religion and dividing the king from his people, that they may be brought to trial and receive condign punishment"; finally, to "as- sist and defend all those that enter into this covenant and not suffer ourselves to be divided or to be withdrawn from this blessed union, whether to make defection or to give ourselves to a detestable in- difference or neutrality m this cause."

It was signed by members of both Houses and by civil and mili- tary officers, and, very reluctantly, by Charles II, in 1650, when he was hoping to recover the English throne. After his restoration, a majority in the House of Commons in 1661, ordered it to be burned by the common hangman. In the same year the Scottish Parliament renounced the covenant and declared the king supreme. The Cove- nanters protested against these wrongs, and, under the name of "Con- venticlers" and sometimes "Cameromans," were subjected to a fierce and cruel persecution. Without having any special ecclesiastical or- ganization, they formed societies for worship, meeting often in nouses, Barns, and caves, and continued to do this even after the accession of William and Mary in 1689. At that time there was established what was known as the revolution settlement, which again made the Presbyterian Church the state church of Scotland. Some, however, believing that in this settlement Eeformation principles had been seriously compromised, refused to recognise any longer the authority of the General Assembly, and identified themselves with the Cove- nanters of the previous years; but it was not until 1743 that they perfected an organization called the Reformed Presbytery of Scotland.

The first minister of this body came to this country from Scot- land m 1752* As others joined him they constituted, in 1774, the Reformed Presbytery. Eight years later, 1782, this Presbytery united with the Associate Presbytery in the Associate Reformed Presby- terian Church, As in the case of the Associate Presbytery, there were some that were dissatisfied, and in 1798 the Reformed Pres- bytery was reorganized. At the meeting of the Presbytery held in 1800 it was stated that in some of the congregations there were members who owned slaves, and it was resolved that no slaveholder should be retained in their communion. This action was enforced, and accounts for the fact that at the time of the Civil War there were only three Reformed Presbyterian congregations south of Mason and Dixon's line, and these were in the border states.

By 1809 the presbytery had grown so that a synod was consti- tuted. Somewhat later, there arose a difference of opinion as to the practical relation of the members to the Government of the United* States, which culminated in 1833 in a division of the church. One party, the Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church (Old Light), refused to allow its members to vote or hold office under the present constitution. The other, the General Synod of the Reformed Pres- byterian Church (New Light), imposed no such restrictions on its members. The discussion resulted m the framing of a new covenant embodying the engagements of the National Covenant of Scotland and of the Solemn League and Covenant, so far as applicable in this land, and, in 1871, in Pittsburgh, Pa., the synod engaged for the first time in the act of covenanting. Following is the statement of the position of the American Church on the matters involved in the Solemn League and Covenant as stated m this Covenant of 1871:

"Persuaded that God is the source of all legitimate power; that He has instituted civil government for His own glory and the good of man ; that He has appointed His Son, the Mediator, to headship over the nations; and that the Bible is the supreme law and rule in national as in all oth§r things, we will maintain the responsibility of

Directory of Religious Bodies 193

nations to God, the rightful dominion of Jesus Christ over the commonwealth, and the obligation of nations to legislate in con- formity with the written Word. We take ourselves sacredly bound to regulate all our civil relations, attachments, professions and de- portment, by our allegiance and loyalty to the Lord, our King, Law- giver and Judge ; and by this, our oath, we are pledged to promote the interests of public order and justice, to support cheerfully whatever is for the good of the commonwealth in which we dwell, and to pursue this object in all things not forbidden by the Law of God, or inconsistent with public dissent from unscnptural and immoral civil power."

"We will pray and labor for the peace and welfare of our country, and for its reformation by a constitutional recognition of God as the source of all power, of Jesus Christ as the Euler of Nations, of the Holy Scriptures as the supreme rule, and of the true Christian re- ligion; and we will continue to refuse to incorporate by any act, with the political body until this bless-ed reformation has been secured."

Doctrine

The synod maintains that God is the source of all legitimate power; that He has instituted civil government for His own glory and the good of men ; that He has appointed His Son, the Mediator, to headship over the nations; and that the Bible is the supreme law and rule in national as well as in all other things. Its members pledge themselves to "promote the interests of public order and jus- tice; to support cheerfully whatever is for the good of the common- wealth in which they dwell;" and to "pray and labor for the peace and welfare of the country, and far its reformation by a constitu- tional recognition of God as the source of all power, of Jesus Christ as the Ruler of Nations, of the Holy Scriptures as the supreme rule, and of the true Christian religion." They, however, "refuse to incorporate by any act with the political body until this blessed refor- mation has been secured," and explain thus their refusal to vote or hold office.

The Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are accepted as the very Word of God, and as the supreme standard in all matters relating to faith and practice. Their teachings with reference to doc- trine are summarized in the subordinate standards, the Westminster Confession and Catechisms, and the Reformed Presbyterian Testi- mony; and their teachings with reference to order and worship are summarized, in substance, in the Westminster Form of Church Gov- ernment and Directory for Worship. The covenant of 1871 is recog- nized as binding on those who took it, and on those they represented.

Only members in regular standing are admitted to the Lord's Supper. The children of church members only are admitted to the ordinance of baptism. The metrical version of the Psalms alone is used in the service of praise. Instruments of music are not allowed in worship. Connection with secret societies is prohibited.

Polity

Presbyterianism is considered as the "only divinely instituted form of government in the Christian Church." The church courts are the session, the presbytery, and the synod, there being no general assembly. The officers are of two classes, elders and deacons. Elders include both those who rule and those who also teach; the deacons care for the poor, and are usually intrusted with the temporalities. To the latter office women are eligible. In the church courts the ruling elders and the minister are on an equality.

194 Year Book of tlie Churches

EEFOEMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SYNOD

General Synod, annual

Officers: Mod., Eev. James L. Chesnut, 838 Winsor Square, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Stated Clerk and Treas , Eev. L. A. Benson, Clay Center, Kans. ; Asst. Clerk. Eev. E. W. Chesnut, Delanson, N. Y.

BOARD OP FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Rev, John Parks, 5923 Wash- ington Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec., Rev. R. W. Chesnut, Delanson, N. Y.; Treas., A. B. McMillan, Sparta, 111.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. Alex. Savage, New Gali- lee, Pa.; Sec., Rev. R. N. Coleman, R. F. D. Industry, Pa.; Treas., W. J. Imbrie, New Galilee, Pa.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Chmn., Prof. F. A. Jurkat, Cedarville, Ohio.

BOARD OF CHURCH EXTENSION. Pres., Rev. Thos. Whythe, 1759 N. Marshall St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec., Rev. John Parks, 5923 Wash- ington Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., W. J. Imbrie, New Galilee, Pa.

SUSTENTATION FUND. Treas., W. J. Imbrie, New Gallilee, Pa.

DISABLED MINISTERS' FUND. Treas., Rev. F. A. Jurkat, Cedar- ville, Ohio.

College

Name Location President

Cedarville College Cedarville, Ohio . . .W R. McChesney.

Theological Seminary

Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary Cedarville, Ohio W. R. McChesney,

Periodicals

Reformed Presbyterian Advocate (monthly), Delanson, N. Y,, Editor, Rev. R. W. Chesnut.

History

The Reformed Presbyterian (Covenanter) Church, which was reorganized in 1798 and developed into a synod in 1809, was divided in 1833 on the question of the relation of its members to the Gov- ernment of the United States. One party objected to any participa- tion in public affairs, and the other leaving the decision with the individual. The former was called the "Synod" and the latter the "General Synod."

The General Synod holds equally with the Synod to the West- minster Standards, to the headship of Christ over nations, to the doc- trine of "public social covenanting," to the exclusive use of the Psalms in singing, to restricted communion in the use of the sacra- ments, and to the principle of "dissent from all immoral civil insti- tution"; but allows its members to decide for themselves whether the Government of this country should be regarded as an immoral institution, and thus determine what duties of citizenship devolve upon them. They may, therefore, exercise the franchise and hold office, provided they do not in these civil acts violate the principle that forbids connection with immoral institutions. Many of them do participate in elections. Negotiations for the union of the General Synod and the Synod failed in 1890, because the latter would not agree to a basis which interpreted the phrase "incorporate with the political body" as meaning "such incorporation as involves sinful com- pliance with the religious defects of the written constitution as it now stands, either in holding such offices as require an oath to support the constitution, or in voting for men to administer such offices."

Directory of Religious Bodies 195

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine and polity this church is in general accord with other Presbyterian bodies.

ASSOCIATE SYNOD OP

(Associate Presbyterian Church)

Synod, annual, next meeting, Mmneola, Kans.

Three presbyteries.

Officers: Mod, Rev W, P. Gilkey, Minneola, Kans., Clerk, Rev. A. M. Malcolm, 210 S. Second St., Albia, Iowa; Treas., Dr. W. J. Masson, Washington, Iowa.

BOARD OF MISSIONS. Chmn., A. J. Dawson; See., Rev. A. M. Malcolm, Albia, Iowa; Treas., Dr. W. J. Masson, Washington, Iowa; Rev. R. K. Atchison.

BOAED OP PKEEDMEN. Rev. W. P. Gilkey, Rev. Win. Porter, Eev. A. M, Malcolm.

BOAED OF RELIEF. Pres., Rev. A. M. Malcolm; See., Rev. W. P. Gilkey; Treas., A. J. Dawson, Washington, Iowa.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION. Chmn., Rev. A. M. Malcolm, 210 S. Sec- ond St., Albia, Iowa; Bus. Mgr. and Treas., Rev. R. K. Atchison, Rimersburg, Pa.; Rev. H. S. Atchison, Mr. A. J. Dawson.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Treas., Dr. W. J. Masson, Washington,

Iowa. „,,,.,

Theological Seminary

Name Location President

Theological Seminary .„ Beaver Falls, Pa H. S. Atchison.

Periodical

Associate Presbyterian Magazine (monthly), Washington, Iowa, Editor, Rev. R. K. Atchison, Rimersburg, Pa. ; Associate Editor, Miss Anna Dawson, Washington, Iowa.

History

The Associate Synod of North America, generally known as the Associate Presbyterian Church, is the direct descendant of the first secession from the Established Church of Scotland in November, 1733. At that time four ministers — Ebenezer Erskine, William Wil- son, Alexander Monerieff, and James Fisher — withdrew from the state church, holding that the law of patronage, which deprived the people of any voice in the choice of a pastor, was contrary to the spirit and principles of Presbyterianism. They formed, on December 6, an As- sociate Presbytery, but did not act judicially as a presbytery until 1736. In 1737 four other ministers joined them. The movement became popular and developed into the Secession Synod of Edinburgh.

To meet the needs of the families which emigrated to this coun- try, this synod sent two missionaries in the fall of 1753, who were reinforced from time to time by others who came out from the mother church, and in 1754 organized the Associate Presbytery. Meanwhile representatives of the Old Covenanter Church had also come, form- ing in 1774 what was known as the Reformed Presbytery. In 1782 the two bodies, the Associate Presbytery and the Reformed Pres- bytery, united, taking the name of Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. Two ministers and three ruling elders declined to enter this union. Other presbyteries were organized, and in 1801 they de- veloped into the Associate Synod of North Ainerica. In 1858 this Associate Synod and the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church ef-

196 Year Book of the Churches

f ected a union, under the name of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. Eleven ministers refused to enter this union and continued the Associate Presbyterian Church, which is the Associate Synod of North America.

Doctrine

In doctrine the church is Calvmistic, adhering to the Westmin- ster Confession of Faith and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, and has a published testimony (the Associate Testimony) explaining its position on many doctrinal points more fully than does the West- minster Confession. It encourages public solemn convenantmg, pro- vides against occasional communion, opposes secret societies, and pre- scribes the exclusive use of the Psalms in praise services.

Polity

In polity or government this branch of the church differs in no essential element from other Presbyterian churches.

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH

General Convention, triennial.

Ninety dioceses and missionary districts in the United States and 11 missionary districts abroad.

Presiding Bishop: Rt. Rev Daniel S. Tuttle, Bishop of Missouri, 74 Vandeventer Place, St. Louis, Mo.

Officers : CJimn.y House of Bishops, Rt Rev. Wm C. Brown, Richmond, Va , Bishop of Virginia , Sec , Rev Chas. L. Pardee, 251 4th Ave , N Y C , Pres , House of Deputies, Rev. Alexander Mann; Sec , Rev. Carroll M Davis, 281 Fourth Ave., New York City; Treas of the Convention, William W. Skiddy, 82 Wall St., New York City.

The Presiding Bishop and Council. Officers : Pres., Rt. Rev. Thomas F. (Jailor; See., Rev. Franklin J. Clark; Treas., L. B. Franklin, 281 Fourth Ave., New York City; Asst. Treas., Chas. A. Tompkins.

Departments of the Council

DEPARTMENT OF MISSIONS AND CHURCH EXTENSION. Exec. Sec. and For. Sec., Dr. John W. Wood; Domestic Sec, Rev C. M. Davis; Sec. for Work in Latin-America, Rev. Arthur R. Gray; Ed. Sec., Dr. William C. Sturgis; Sec. for Foreign-Born Americans, Rev. Thomas Burgess; Field Director for Work Among Foreign-Born Americans, Kev. William C. Emhardt; Ass't. Sec., Rev. Charles T. Bridgeman; Gen. Missioner for Work Among Welsh, Rev. Hugh D. Jones.

DEPAIRTMENT OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION. Exec. Sec., Rev. W. E. Gardner.

DEPARTMENT OF CHRISTIAN SOCIAL SERVICE. Exec. Sec., Rev. C. N. Lathrop.

DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE. Treas., L. B. Franklin.

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICITY. Exec. Sec., Rev. R. F. Gibson.

Bishops (Address Rt. Rev.) (Dioceses in paretheses) (M. B.= Missionary Bishop)

Charles M. Beckwith (Alabama), 1305 S. Hull St., Montgomery, Ala.

Wm. G. McDowell, Jr. (Coadjutor, Alabama), Birmingham, Ala.

Peter T. Rowe (M. B., Alaska), 418 Mutual Life Bldg., Seattle, Wash.

Directory of Religious Bodies 197

Richard H. Nelson (Albany), 29 Elk St., Albany, N. Y.

George A. Oldham (Coadjutor, Albany), 3 Irving; Place, Second St., Troy, N. Y.

Julius W. Atwood (M, B., Arizona), 110 W. Roosevelt St., Phoenix, Ariz.

James R. Winchester (Arkansas), 1222 Scott St., Little Rock, Ark.

Edwin Warren Saphore (Suffragan, Arkansas), Little Rock, Ark.

Edward T. Demby (Suffragan, Arkansas), Little Rock, Ark.

Junius M. Horner (Western North Carolina), Asheville, N. C.

Henry J. Mikell (Atlanta), Peachtree Circle and E. 17th St., At- lanta, Ga.

Ethelbert Talbot (Bethlehem), South Bethlehem, Pa.

William F. Nichols (California), 1215 Sacramento St., San Fran- cisco, Calif.

Edward Lambe Parsons (Coadjutor, California), 1215 Sacramento St., San Francisco, Calif.

Charles T. Olmsted (Central New York), 1101 Park Ave., Utica,

Charles Fiske (Coadiutor, Central New York), 778 Genesse St., Utica, N. Y.

Charles P. Anderson (Chicago), 4512 Drexel Blvd., Chicago, 111.

Sheldon Munson Griswold (Suffragan, Chicago), 1314 Hinman Ave., Evanston, 111.

Irving P. Johnson (Colorado), 323 McClmtock Bldg., Denver, Colo.

Fred Ingley (Coadjutor, Colorado), 323 McClmtock Bldg, Denver, Colo.

Chauncey B. Brewster (Connecticut), 98 Woodland St., Hart- ford, Conn.

Edward C. Acheson (Suffragan, Connecticut), 376 Washington St., Middletown, Conn.

Alexander C. Garrett (Dallas), Dallas, Tex.

Harry T. Moore (Coadjutor, Dallas), Dallas, Texas.

Philip Cook (Delaware), Bishopstead, Wilmington, Del.

Granville Gaylord Bennet (Duluth), 2131 E. Superior St., Duluth, Minn.

Thomas C. Darst (East Carolina), Wilmington, N. C.

William P. Remington (M. B., Eastern Oregon), Hood River, Ore.

George William Davenport (Easton), Easton, Md.

John Chamberlain Ward (Erie), 437 W. 6th St, Erie, Pa.

Edwin G. Weed (Florida), Jacksonville, Fla.

Reginald H. Weller (Fond du Lac), Fond du Lac, Wis.

Frederick F. Reese (Georgia), 2425 Bull St., Savannah, Ga.

James H. Darlington (Harrisburg), 321 North Front St., Har- risburg, Pa.

John Dominique La Mothe (M. B., Honolulu) , Honolulu, T. H.

Frank H. Touret (Idaho), Boise, Idaho.

Joseph M. Francis (Indianapolis), 1559 Central Ave., Indian- apolis, Ind.

Theodore N. Morrison (Iowa), 1102 Brady St., Davenport, Iowa.

Harry Sherman Longley (Coadjutor, Iowa), 4200 Grand Ave- nue, Des Moines, Iowa.

James Wise (Kansas), Topeka, Kans.

Charles E. Woodcock (Kentucky), 1129 3d St., Louisville, Ky.

Lewis W. Burton (Lexington), 436 W. 6th St., Lexington, Ky.

Frederick Burgess (Long Island), See House, Garden City, L. I., N. Y.

Joseph H. Johnson (Los Angeles), Pacific Mutual Bldg., Los Angeles, Calif.

198 Year Book of the Churches

William Bertrand Stevens (Coadjutor, Los Angeles), Pacific Mutual Bldg., Los Angeles, Calif,

Davis Sessums (Louisiana), 2919 St. Charles Ave., New Or- leans, La.

Benjamin Brewster (Maine), 143 State St., Portland, Me.

Robert LeRoy Harris (Marquette), Marquette, Mich.

John G. Murray (Maryland), 409 N. Charles St , Baltimore, Md.

William Lawrence (Massachusetts), 122 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass.

Charles L. Slattery (Coadjutor, Massachusetts), 1 Joy St., Boston, Mass.

Samuel Gavitt Babcock (Suffragan, Massachusetts), 496 Common- wealth Ave., Boston, Mass.

Charles D. Williams (Michigan), 2326 Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich.

William W. Webb (Milwaukee), 222 Juneau Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

Frank A. McElwam (Minnesota), 2642 Portland Ave, Minne- apolis, Minn.

Theodore DuB. Bratton (Mississippi) , Battle Hill, Jackson, Miss.

William M. Green (Coadjutor, Mississippi), Meridian, Miss.

Daniel S. Tuttle (Missouri), 74 Vandeventer Place, St Louis, Mo.

Frederick Foote Johnson (Coadjutor, Missouri), 5609 Clemens Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

William F. Faber (Montana), Helena, Mont.

Herbert H H. Fox (Suffragan, Montana), Billings, Mont.

Ernest V. Shayler (Nebraska), 203 Kennedy Bldg, Omaha Nebr

George C. Hunting (M. B., Nevada), 505 Eidge St., Reno, Nev.

Edwin S. Lines (Newark), 48 Berkeley Ave., Newark, N. J.

Wilson Reiff Stearly (Coadjutor, Newark), 21 Washington St., Newark, N. J.

Edward M. Parker (New Hampshire), Concord, N. H.

Paul Matthews (New Jersey), 307 Hamilton Ave., Trenton, N. J.

Frederick B. Howden (M. B., New Mexico), Albuquerque, N, M.

William T. Manning (New York), Amsterdam Ave, and 110th St., New York City.

Arthur S. Lloyd (Suffragan, New York), Synod House, Amster- dam Ave. and 110th St., New York.

Herbert Shipman (Suffragan Bishop, New York), Synod House, Amsterdam Ave., and 110th St., New York City.

Joseph B. Cheshire (North Carolina), Raleigh, N. C.

Edwin A. Pemck (Coadjutor, North Carolina), 625 Clement Ave., Charlotte. N. C.

Henry B. Delany (Suffragan, North Carolina), Raleigh, N. C

John P. Tyler (M. B., North Dakota), Fargo, N. D.

John H. White (Northern Indiana), 319 West Coif ax Ave., South Bend, Ind.

Edward A. Temple (M. B., North Texas), Amarillo, Texas.

William A. Leonard (Ohio), 3054 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Frank Du Moulin (Coadjutor, Ohio), 2241 Prospect Ave., Cleve- land, Ohio.

Theodore P. Thurston (M. B., Oklahoma), 724 W. 16th St., Okla- homa City, Okla.

Frederic W. Keator (Olympia), 601 St. Helen's Ave., Tacoma, Wash.

Walter T. Sumner (Oregon), 574 Elm St., Portland, Oreg.

Philip M. Rhinelander (Pennsylvania), 251 S. 22d St., Philadel- phia, Pa.

Directory of Religious Bodies 199

Thomas James Garland (Suffragan, Pennsylvania), 202 S. 19th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Gouverneur F. Mosher (M. B., Philippine Islands), 567 Calle Isaac Peral, Manila.

Alexander Mann (Bishop-elect, Pittsburgh).

Charles B. Colmore (M. B., Porto Rico), Box 1115, San Juan, P. R.

M, Edward Fawcett (Quincy), 1661 Jersey St., Quincy, 111.

James De W. Perry, Jr. (Ehode Island), 10 Brown St., Provi- dence, R. I.

William H. Moneland (Sacramento), 2600 Capitol Ave., Sacra- mento, Calif.

Robert Herbert Mize (M. B., Salina), 156 S. 8th St,, Salina, Kans.

Louis C. Sanford (M. R, San Joaquin), 733 Peralta Way, Fresno, Calif.

William A. Guerry (South Carolina), Charleston, S. C.

Lucien L. Kinsolving (M. B., Southern Brazil), Caixa 549 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Hugh L. Burleson (M. B., South Dakota), Sioux Falls, S. Dak.

William Blair Roberts (Suffragan, South Dakota).

Cameron Mann (M. B., Southern Florida), Orlando, Fla.

Boyd Vincent (Southern Ohio), 223 W. Seventh St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Theodore Irving Reese (Coadjutor, Southern Ohio), 206 First National Bank Bldg., Columbus, Ohio.

Beverly D. Tucker (Southern Virginia), 709 Stockley Gardens, Norfolk, Va.

Arthur Conover Thomson (Coadjutor, Southern Virginia), Ports- mouth, Va.

Robert Carter Jett (Southwestern Virginia), 18 Elm Ave., Roa- noke, Va.

Herman Page (M. B., District of Spokane), 2303 First Ave., Spokane, Wash.

Granville H. Sherwood (Springfield), 627 S. Walnut St., Spring- field, 111.

Thomas F. Gailor (Tennessee), 281 Fourth Ave., New York City.

James M. Maxon (Coadjutor, Tennessee) , Nashville, Tenn.

George H. Kinsolving (Texas), 2607 Whitis Ave., Austin, Tex.

Clinton Simon Quin (Coadjutor, Texas) , 3708 Fannin St., Hous- ton, Texas.

Kirkman G. Finlay (Upper South Carolina), Columbia, S. C.

Arthur W. Moulton (M. B., Utah), 441 E. First South St., Salt Lake City, Utah.

Arthur C. A. Hall (Vermont), Burlington, Vt.

George Yemens Bliss (Coadjutor, Vermont), Burlington, Vt.

William C. Brown (Virginia), 906 Park Ave., Richmond, Va.

Alfred Harding (Washington), Cathedral Close, Washington, D. C.

Thomas F. Davies (Western Massachusetts), 1154 Worthmgton St., Springfield, Mass.

John N. McCormick (Western Michigan), 43 Lafayette Ave. S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Sidney C. Partridge (West Missouri), 14 West Armour Blvd., Kansas City, Mo.

George A. Beecher (M. B., Western Nebraska), Hastings, Nebr.

Charles H. Brent (Western New York), 237 No. St., Buifalo, N. Y.

David Lincoln Ferris (Suffragan, Western New York), 325 Park Ave., Buifalo, N. Y.

200 Year Book of the Churches

Junms M Horner (Western North Carolina), Asheville, N. C.

William T. Capers (West Texas), 108 W. French Place, San Antonio, Tex.

William L Gravatt (West Virginia), 1583 Va St., Charleston, W. Va.

Nathaniel S Thomas (M. B , Wyoming), Ivmson Hall, Laramie, Wyo.

Walter H. Overs (M. B, Libena), Monrovia, Liberia

T. M. Gardiner (Suffragan, Liberia), Harper City, Cape Palmas, Tiheria,

Frederick R. Graves (M. B., Shanghai), Shanghai, China.

Logan H. Roots (M. B., Hankow), Hankow, China.

Daniel T. Huntington (M. B., Anking), Anking, China.

John McKim (M. B., Tokyo), Tokyo, Japan.

Henry St. G. Tucker (M. B., Kyoto), Kyoto, Japan.

Hiram R. Hulse (M. B., Cuba), Havana, Cuba.

Henry D. Aves (M B, Mexico), Monterey, N. L., Mexico.

H R. Carson (M. B., elect, Haiti).

James C. Morris (M. B., Canal Zone), Ancon, Canal Zone.

Resigned Bishops

James S. Johnston (West Texas), San Antonio, Texas. Anson R. Graves (Kearney), Sonora, Calif. Lemuel H. Wells (Spokane), Tacoma, Wash. William M. Brown (Arkansas), Galion, Ohio. Edward W. Osbome (Springfield), 723 Maupas Aye., Savannah, Ga.

Albion W. Knight (Cuba), Sewanee, Tenn.

Paul Jones (Utah), 118 E. 28th St., New York City.

Henry B. Restarick (Honolulu), Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.

G. Mott Williams (Marquette), 9 Southgate Ave., Annapolis, Md.

J. D. Morrison (Duluth, Minn), Ogdensbuigh, N. Y.

Robert L Paddock (Eastern Oregon).

WOMAN'S AUXILIARY TO TOE PRESIDING BISHOP AND COUNCIL, 281 Fourth Ave., New York City. Sec, Miss G. Lindley.

THE JUNIOR AUXILIARY AND THE CHURCH SCHOOL SERVICE LEAGUE. Under the Department of Religious Education. Exec. Sec., Miss Frances H. Withers, 281 Fourth Ave., New York City.

AMERICAN CHURCH BUIILDING FUND COMMISSION, 281 Fourth Ave., New York City. Treas., Charles A. Tompkins; Cor. See., Rev. Charles L. Pardee.

BROTHERHOOD OF ST. ANDREW, Church House, 12th and Walnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Edward H. Bonsall; Gen. Sec. and Editor, St. Andrew's Cross (official organ), Geo. H. Randall; Exec. Sec., Franklin H. Spencer; Treas., Warren H. Turner.

SOCIETY FOR THE INCREASE OF THE MINISTRY. Pres., Rt. Rev. C. B. Brewster; Cor. See., Rev. Harry I. Bodley, New Britain, Conn.; Treas,, Elijah C. Johnson.

CLERGYMAN'S RETIRING FUND SOCIETY, 281 Fourth Ave., New York City. Pres, Rt. Rev. Frederick Burgess; Sec., J. Van Vechten Olcott.

CLERGYMAN'S MUTUAL INSURANCE LEAGUE. Sec. and Treas., Rev. Edwin B. Rice, 281 Fourth Ave., New York City, N. Y.

AMERICAN CHURCH UNION. Pre?., Clinton R. Woodruff; Cor. Sec., Rev. Elliot White, 1625 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., Rev. E. S. Lane, 51 Rex Ave., Chestnut Hill, Pa.

NEW YORK BIBLE AND COMMON PRAYER BOOK SOCIETY. Pres., Rt. Rev. W. T. Manning; See., Edwin S. Gorham, 11 W. 45th St,. New York City; Treas., Frank B. Warburton.

Directory of Religious Bodies 201

ASSOCIATION FOR PROMOTING THE INTERESTS OP CHURCH SCHOOLS, COLLEGES, AND SEMINARIES. Pres , Rev. Lawrence T. Cole; Sec., ; Treas,, George Zabriskie.

CHURCH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE INTERESTS OF LABOR, 416 Lafayette St., New York City. Pres., Rt Rev. W. T. Manning; Exec. Sec., Miss Harriett© A. Keyser; Treas., H. B. Living- ston.

CHURCH SOCIALIST LEAGUE IN AMERICA. National Sec., Rev. W. B Spoiford, 6140 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, 111.

CHURCH TEMPERANCE SOCIETY, 2050 Amsterdam Ave., New York City. Pres , Rev. James V. Chalmers ; Gen. Sec , Rev James Empring- ham; Treas., Win. J. Schiefflien.

CHRISTIAN UNITY FOUNDATION, 143 E. 37th St., New York City. Pres., Rev. Nehemiah Boynton , Treas., Origen S. Seymour, 54 William St., New York City.

ANGLICAN AND EASTERN-ORTHODOX CHURCHES (International). American Branch; Pres., Rt. Rev. F. M. Parker and Rt. Rev. Bp. Alexander; Gen. Sec., Rev. W. C. Emhardt, 281 4th Ave., New Yoik City. .

CONFRATERNITY OF THE BLESSED SACRAMENT OF THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST. Superior Gen., Rt. Rev. R. H. Weller; Sec. Gen., Rev. W. A. Grier, 14 E. 109th St., New York City; Treas. Gen., Thomas E. Gallagher, 4859 Dorchester Ave., Chicago, 111.

CHURCH CONGRESS IN THE UNITED STATES. Gen Chmn., Rt. Rev C. L. Slattery; Gen Sec., Rev. S. M. Dorrance, New City, N. Y., Treas., Rev. John M. Erickson, Yonkers, N. Y.

FREE AND OPEN CHURCH ASSOCIATION, 2353 East Cumberland St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., R. Francis Wood; Gen. Sec, Rev. J. A. Goodfellow, 2353 East Cumberland St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., George Hall.

SOCIETY OF MISSION PRIESTS OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST. Su^ perior, Rev. F. C. Powell 33 Bowdom St., Boston, Mass.

ORDER OF THE HOLY CROSS. Father Superior, 0. H. C., West Park, N. Y.

CONGREGATION OF THE COMPANIONS OF THE HOLY SAVIOUR. Mas- ter, Rev. F. D. Ward, 1606 Mifflin St., Philadelphia, Pa.

S. BARNABAS' BROTHERHOOD, Gibsonia, Pa. Visitor, Rt. Rev. Alex. Mann.

ORDER OF DEACONESSES CENTRAL COMMITTEES. Chmn., Henri- etta R. Goodwin; Sec., Anna G. Newell, Christ Church Cathedral, St. Louis, Mo.

GIRLS' FRIENDLY SOCIETY, 15 East 40th St., New York City. Pres., Miss Frances W. Sibley; Sec., Miss Mary M. McGuire; Treas., Miss Mary B. Anthony. An organization of the young women of the Church with branches in every diocese.

DAUGHTERS OF THE KING, Bible House, New York City. Pres., Mrs Felix G. Ewing; Gen. Sec., Miss E. E. BehJendorff ; Treas., Mrs. C. H. Arndt.

CHURCH PERIODICAL CLUB, 2 W. 47th St., New York City. Pres., Mrs. Otto Heinigke; Exec. Sec., Miss Mary E. Thomas; Treas., Mrs. H. J. Jackson.

GENERAL MISSION OF HELP. Pres., Mrs. John M. Glenn, New York City; Sec., Miss Katharine Greene, 1133 Broadway, New York City; Treas., Mrs. S. G. Welles, Trenton, N. J

GUILD OF ST. BARNABAS FOR NURSES. Chaplain General, Rt. Rev. W. S. Stearly, Newark, N. J.

THE CHURCHWOMEN'S LEAGUE FOR PATRIOTIC SERVICE. Pres., Mrs. H. G. Sanford; Sec., Mrs. E. de P. Hosmer.

THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF EVANGELICAL KNOWLEDGE. Pres., Mr. F. A. Lewis, Philadelphia, Pa.;

202 Year Book of the Churches

Sec., Rev. A. G. Cummins, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Treas , Mr. Zelah Van Loan.

THE CLERICAL UNION FOR THE MAINTENANCE AND DEFENSE OF CATHOLIC PRINCIPLES. Pres., Rt. Rev. W. W. Webb, Bishop of Mil- waukee; Sec.-Treas., Rev. W. H. A. Hall, 311 W. 94th St., New York City.

THE CHURCHMAN'S ALLIANCE. Pres., Professor C. B. Tinker, Yale University; Sec., Miss Frances Grandm, 126 Claremont Ave., New York City.

THE CHURCH HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Pres., Rev. G. W. Hodge; Sec., William I. Rutter, Jr., 525 S. 41st St., Philadelphia, Pa.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CHURCH LITERATURE Sec., Rev. J. S Littell, 45 Church St., Hartford, Conn.

MODERN CHURCHMEN'S UNION IN AMERICA. Pres., Rev. R. C. Smith; Sec t Rev. H. N. Arrow-smith, Baltimore, Md.

ASSOCIATION FOR UPHOLDING THE SANCTITY OP MARRIAGE. Pres., Rev. M. H. Gates; Sec., Rev. W. Gwynne, Summit, N. J.

THE CHURCH LEAGUE FOR SOCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY. Chmn., Miss Vida D. Scudder; Sec., Rev. R. W. Hogue, Manayunk, Pa.

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF CHURCH CLUBS. Pres., Mr. H. J. Ide, Boston, Mass.; Sec., Mr. Oscar W. Ehrorn, 15 William St., New York City.

Schools of Arts and Sciences

Name Location President or Dean

Racine College Racine, Wis

St Stephen's College Annandale, N. Y B. I. Bell.

Non-Sectarian Colleges

Hobart College Geneva, N. Y Murray A. Bartlett.

Trinity College Hartfoid, Conn Rerasen B Ogilby

Theological Seminaries

Berkeley Divinity School Middletown, Conn. . . W. P. Ladd.

Bishop Payne Divinity School .... Petersburg, Va . . C. B. Bryan.

Church Divinity School of the Pa- cific San Francisco, Calif . . W. F. Nichols.

DeLancey Divinity School Geneva, N. Y Thomas B. Berry.

Divinity School of the Protestant Episcopal Church Philadelphia, Pa George G. Bartlett.

Episcopal Theological School Cambridge, Mass . H B Washburn

General Theological Seminary ... New York City Hughell E. W. Fosbroke

Nashotah House Nashotah, Wis E. A. Larrabee.

Seabury Divinity School Faribault, Minn P. A McElwain-

Theological Seminary m Virginia Alexandria, Va Bei ryman Green.

Western Theological Seminary . . . Chicago, 111. . . William C. DeWitt.

College of St John the Evangelist Greeley, Colo. . . . I. P. Johnson.

Du Bose Memorial Monteagle, Tenn

De Lancy Divinity School Buffalo, N. Y.

Schools of Arts and Theology Name Location President or Dean

Kenyon College Gambier, Ohio William F. Peirce.

University of the South Sewanee, Tenn . . . .Cleveland K. Benedict.

Periodicals

General (all weekly) : Churchman, New York City; Living Church, Milwaukee, Wis., Editor, F. C. Morehouse; The Witness, Ho- bart, Ind., Editor, Rt. Rev. Irving P. Johnson; The Chronicle (quarterly), Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Southern Churchman, Richmond, Va. (weekly) .

The Church at Work; The Spirit of Missions (monthly) ; Amer- ican Church Monthly, 11 W. 45th St., New York City; Holy Cross Magazine (monthly), West Park, N. Y.; Anglican Theological Re- view (monthly), 2720 Washington Boulevard, Chicago.

Directory of Religious Bodies 203

Diocesan: Church Record, Montgomery, Ala.; Alsakan Church- man, Fairbanks, Alaska; Bethlehem Churchman, Box 291, Reading1, Pa.; Pacific Churchman, San Francisco, Calif.; Gospel Messenger, Utica, N. Y. ; Diocese of Chicago, Chicago, 111.; Connecticut Church- man, Hartford, Conn. ; Mission Herald, Kinston, N. C. ; Church Herald, St. Augustine, Fla.; Church Outlook, Antigo, Wis.; Harrisburg Churchman, Hamsburg, Pa.; Hawaiian Church Chronicle, Honolulu, Hawaii; Iowa Churchman, Ottumwa, Iowa; Kansas Churchman, Topeka, Kans.; Bishop's Letter, Louisville, Ky.; Diocesan News, Paris, Ky.; Los Angeles Churchman, Santa Monica, Calif.; Diocese of Louisiana, New Orleans, La.; North-East, Portland, Maine; Mary- land Churchman, Baltimore, Md. ; Church Militant, Boston, Mass.; Michigan Churchman, Detroit, Mich.; Church Times (Diocese of Mil- waukee), Delavan, Wis.; Church Record, Minneapolis, Minn.; Church News, Yazoo City, Miss.; Church News, St. Louis, Mo.; Montana Churchman, Helena, Mont ; Crozier, Omaha, Nebr.; Newark Church- man, Newark, N. J ; Church Fly Leaf, Concord, N. H.; Diocese of New Jersey, Trenton, N. J.; Carolina Churchman, Charlotte, N. C.; North Dakota Sheaf, Fargo, N. Dak.; Mission Churchman, Amarillo, Texas; Church Life, Cleveland, Ohio; Oregon Churchman, Portland, Oreg.; Church News, Philadelphia, Pa.; Albany Church Record; Arizona Church Record, Box 1326, Phoenix, Ariz.; Atlanta Diocesan Record; Duluth Churchman, 408 W. 1st St.; TheMission Herald, East Carolina, Plymouth, N. C.; The Diocese of Erie, Pa., Titusville; Long Island Churchman, 622 Greenwood Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Church News, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Light, Macomb, 111.; Diocesan Record, Providence, R. I.; Sacramento Missionary, Sacramento, Calif.; South Dakota Chu/rchman, Mitchell, S. Dak.; Anpao Kin, Cheyenne Agency, S. Dak.; Palm Branch, Orlando, Fla.; Church Messenger, Cincinnati, Ohio; Diocesan Journal, Portsmouth, Va.; Cathedral Chimes, Spo- kane, Wash. ; Springfield Churchman, Springfield, 111. ; Mountain Echo, Brandon, Vt. ; Pastoral Staff, Westfield, Mass. ; Church Helper, Grand Rapids, Mich.; Western Nebraska Churchman, Kearney, Nebr.; Church News, San Antonio, Texas.; Church News, Wheeling, W. Va.; Wyoming Churchman, Cheyenne, Wyo.

Periodicals Devoted to Special Interests

American Church S. S. Magazine, Sunday Schools, Philadelphia, Pa.; Church Advocate, Colored Work, Baltimore, Md.; Cross, Italian Work, Port Richmond, L. I.; St. Andrew's Cross, Brotherhood of St. Andrew, Philadelphia, Pa.; Spirit of Missions (monthly), 281 Fourth Ave., New York City; Shepherdfs Arms, Sunday Schools ( 1801 Fond du Lac Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.; Silent Churchman, Deaf Mutes, Chi- cago, 111.; Young Churchman, Sunday Schools, Milwaukee, Wis.

History

The earliest known services of the Church of England in the American colonies were conducted by the chaplains carried with the fleets of Frobisher in 1578 in New England and Drake in 1579 on a headland overlooking the present Bay of San Francisco. But not until 1607 was that church permanently established, when the Rev. Robert Hunt celebrated the Holy Communion on May 21 on the banks of the James River, Virginia.

The churches in the colonies were under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London, who, in 1685, sent out to Virginia as his Com- missary the Rev. Dr. James Blair, through whose efforts a royal charter was obtained for the College of William and Mary, Williams- burg, Va.

In New England there was a church at Portsmouth, N. H., prior to 1642 and the same year the Rev. Richard Gibson was arrested by

204 Year Book of the Churches

the Puritan authorities for marrying and baptizing in the Isle of Shoals, and there is evidence of the ministerial work of the Rev. Robert Jordan in Maine as early as 1640. After the revocation of the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Church of England, serv- ices were established in Boston by the Rev. Robert Ratcliife, who ar- rived on May 15, 1686, and preached in the Town House. King's Chapel, Boston, was opened June 30, 1689; Trinity Church, Newport, R. I., in 1702, and the Naragansett Church five years later. In 1664 the churchmen of Connecticut petitioned, without success, the Gen- eral Assembly for the right to hold church services, but on Septem- ber 13, 1702, the Rev. John Talbot conducted the first Church of England service in that Colony.

The first English church was opened m Philadelphia in 1685 and three years later the Rev. Thomas Clayton, described by the Quakers as "a minister of the doctrine of devils," was appointed rector. The Rev. Charles Wolley, chaplain to the royal forces, ministered in the Chapel within the Fort, New York, in 1678, and in 1697 the charter for Trinity church was granted by the royal governor. The colon- ists from Virginia who attempted a settlement at Port Royal, S. C., in 1660, were ministered to by the Rev. Morgan Jones and the first church at Charleston was erected about 1681. The Rev. Dr. Henry Herbert accompanied the first band of settlers in Georgia in 1733 and three years later was succeeded by the Rev. John Wesley, who was accompanied by his brother, Charles, and later followed by George Whitefield, all ministers of the Church of England. Prior to 1675 there were "three Protestant ministers of the Church of England" in Maryland, and early in the reign of William and Mary it became the established religion in the Colony.

The formation in England of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts led to a marked growth of the church in the American Colonies. Its founder was the Rev. Dr. Thomas Bray, who was sent to Maryland as Commissary of the Bishop of London in 1700. The first missionaries of the S. P. G. were the Revs. George Keith and Patrick Gordon, who were later joined by the Rev. John Talbot. Mr. Gordon died soon after his arrival; Talbot settled in New Jersey and Keith traveled through the length and breadth of the Colonies. From 1702 till the outbreak of the War of the Revolution the S. P. G. supplied the missionaries save in Virginia and Maryland, where the church was established by law. Dean Berkeley, later Bishop of Cloyne, came to Newport, R. L, with the intention of founding a college. Although this project failed, he was one of the earliest supporters of Yale College and, on his return to Great Britian, had much to do with securing the charters for King's College (now Columbia), New York, and for the Academy and Col- lege of Philadelphia, now the University of Pennsylvania.

The Church in America, prior to the Revolution, was seriously handicapped by the lack of a bishop. Candidates for ordination were obliged to take the long and dangerous journey to England and the Bishop of London was unable to exercise the discipline, both of clergy and laity, which was at times greatly needed. Repeated ap- peals were made for the consecration of a bishop for the Colonies, but the plan was blocked partly through political considerations and partly by reason of the Puritan fear of an established church.

During the War of the Revolution many of the churches were closed and the loyalist clergy fled to England and Canada. On the other hand, some of the clergy steadfastly adhered to the American cause. A notable example was Dr. William White, chaplain to the Continental Congress and a trusted adviser of George Washington.

The declaration of peace in 1783 found the Episcopal Church dis- organized and threatened with extinction. In Virginia and Mary- land the church was automatically disestablished and in some of the

Directory of Religious Bodies 205

other Colonies deplorably weak. The church in each state jealously preserved its independence and there was no bond of unity.

The first step to creating such a bond was the publication in 1783 of a pamphlet entitled, "The Case of the Episcopal Churches in the United States Considered," by William White. Published before peace was declared, it urged measures for the perpetuation of the ministry without waiting" for the Episcopate, and outlined a general plan for the organization of the church in the United States. The moment the British authorities suggested peace, the pamphlet was withdrawn.

The same year the Maryland clergy met and adopted a Declara- tion of Fundamental Rights and Liberties in which the title, Prot- estant Episcopal Church, was used publicly for the first time. At an informal meeting held at New Brunswick, N. J., on May 11, 1784, further steps were taken towards organization, and thirteen days later a conference of clergy and laity was held in Philadelphia, this being the first time that laymen were admitted to the councils of the Church. A further gathering was held in New York in October at which the following fundamental principles were adopted:

1. There shall be a general convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America.

2. That the Episcopal Church in each state send deputies to the convention, consisting of clergy and laity.

3. That associated congregations in two or more states may send deputies jointly.

4. That the said church shall maintain the doctrines of the gospel as now held by the Church of England and shall adhere to the liturgy of said church, as far as shall be consistent with the American Revo- lution and the Constitution of the respective states.

5. That in every state where there shall be a bishop duly conse- crated and settled he shall be considered as a member of the conven- tion ex officio.

6. That the clergy and laity assembled in convention shall deliber- ate in one body, but shall vote separately, and the concurrence of both shall be necessary to give validity to any measure.

7. That the first meeting of the convention shall be at Phila- delphia the Tuesday before the Feast of St. Michael next, to which it is hoped and earnestly desired that the Episcopal churches in the respective states will send their clerical and lay deputies duly in- structed and authorized to proceed on the necessary business herein proposed for their deliberation.

In accordance therewith the first General Convention met in Philadelphia, September 27, 1785, with clerical and lay delegates pres- ent from the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela- ware, Maryland, Virginia, and South Carolina. A constitution was adopted, the Liturgy revised and an address to the Church of Eng- land adopted asking for the consecration of Bishops for America. Samuel Seabury, who had been consecrated Bishop of Connecticut by the Scotch non-juring bishops in 1784, was not present at the Con- vention, nor were the New England churches represented owing to acute differences of opinion as to some clauses of the Constitution. The English bishops were unwilling to consecrate a bishop for Amer- ica owing to some of the changes which had been made in the Prayer Book: notably, the omission of the Nicene Creed. The Convention of 1786 complied with their requests, save in the case of the restoration of the Athanasian Creed, and in 1787 William White and Samuel Provoost were consecrated Bishops of Pennsylvania and New York respectively, in the Chapel of Lambeth Palace, London. Dr. David Griffith, who had been elected Bishop of Virginia, was unable to find means for the journey and the election of Dr. Willam Smith as Bishop of Maryland failed to win the approval of the General Con-

206 Year Book of the Churches

vention. A little later Dr. James Madison was chosen Bishop of Virginia and consecrated in London.

In 1789 the Constitution of the Church and the Prayer Book were revised, resulting in the union of hitherto divergent views, and Bishop Seabury took his seat in the Convention and in 1792 united with the other three bishops in the consecration of Dr. Thomas John Claggett as Bishop of Maryland, this being the first episcopal conse- cration in the United States.

The first twenty years of the nineteenth century are known as the period of painfully slow growth. Religious emotionalism ran riot; the Liturgy was regarded as formal; the sermons were more moral than Christian, and the Church was still regarded as British. The new birth of aggression began in 1811 with the consecration of two bishops — John Henry Hobart for New York, and Alex. V. Griswold for New England. From this period sprang the beginnings of mis- sionary work in the West to which emigrants were going in crowds. The consecration in 1819 of Philander Chase as Bishop of Ohio was the first effort to recognize the claims of the regions beyond to the Episcopate. Two years later the Church formally organized her missionary work by the creation of the Domestic and Foreign Mis- sionary Society, and in 1835 Jackson Kemper was elected the first missionary bishop with the whole of the Northwest for his juris- diction.

The Tractanan Movement profoundly influenced the Church in America, and for several years controversy was acute. On the high- church side George Washington Doane was the recognized leader and among the Evangelicals Bishop Alexander Veits Griswold, followed by Bishop Mcllvaine of Ohio. For several years the controversy was doctrinal and pamphlets were sown broadcast. The great storm burst when doctrine began to express itself in advanced ritual. Then came the period known as "the ritualistic controversy." In an en- deavor to quiet the storm it was declared by a large group of Bishops that the word "regenerate" in the office of Baptism did not signify a moral change, and the General Convention passed a canon limiting ritual observance. Efforts to conciliate the more extreme Evangel- icals failed, and in 187§ Bishop George D. Cummins of Kentucky, withdrew and organized the Reformed Episcopal Church. The con- troversy died down and the ritual canon was repealed in 1904. During the Civil War the southern churchmen organized the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States. It held but one general convention and in 1865 the Church in the North and South was re- united. Brief mention should be made of the work of Foreign Mis- sions, the first of which was established in Greece and Liberia. China followed in 1835 and Japan was added as soon as that country was thrown open to foreigners. Later came the missions to Brazil and Cuba and at the close of the Spanish-American War the Philippine Islands, Porto Rico and Mexico were provided with bishops. Alaska, Honolulu and the Virgin Islands are also missionary districts.

Under the leadership of Bishop William Lawrence the sum of nine million dollars has been raised to provide pensions for aged clergy and the widows and orphans of clergy. Parishes are required to contribute annually a percentage on the salaries paid to the clergyman and this amount, together with invested funds, will in a few years provide an adequate pension to those retiring at the age of 68.

The doctrinal symbol of the Protestant Episcopal Church, so far as the laity are concerned, is the Apostles' Creed. The Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England are, with some modifications, printed at the end of the American Prayer Book, but subscription to them is not required. The Church expects of her members loyalty to her doctrine, discipline and worship, but allows considerable lati-

Directory of Religious Bodies 207

tude in the interpretation of the Creeds. She recognizes all lawfully baptized into the name of the Holy Trinity as members of the Church, and requires that all who have been baptized shall be brought to the bishop for confirmation after they have been adequately instructed in the Catechism. By a strict interpretation of an ancient rubric only those who have been confirmed can come to the Holy Commun- ion, but a more liberal view prevails in practice. Two Sacraments only are recognized — Baptism and the Supper of our Lord.

The Episcopal Church recognizes three orders in the ministry- Bishops, Priests and Deacons. Deacons must have reached the age of twenty-one. They can not administer the Holy Communion and their special duty is to care for the sick and poor of the parish and preach only when licensed by the bishop. No one can be ordained priest until he has been one year a deacon and is twenty-four years old. Both deacons and priests are required before ordination to sign the fol- lowing declaration:

"I do believe the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testa- ments to be the Word of God, and to contain all things necessary to salvation; and I do solemnly engage to conform to the doctrine, discipline and worship of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America."

Diocesan bishops are elected by the clerical and lay members of the convention of the diocese, a majority of whom must sign the necessary testimonials. If the election takes place within three months of the meeting of the General Convention the consent of the House of Deputies and the House of Bishops is required before the consecration. At any other time the consent of a majority of all the Standing Committees of the dioceses and a majority of the bishops having jurisdiction in the United States must be obtained. Three bishops are necessary to a valid consecration. Provision is made for the election of a coadjutor bishop for a diocese who, on the death of the diocesan, has the right of succession, and also for the election of suffragan-bishops without the right of succession. Missionary bishops are elected by the House of Bishops, subject to the approval of the House of Deputies when the General Convention is m session. After five years, missionary bishops are eligible for election as dio- cesan, coadjutor or suffragans in any diocese.

The canonical duty of a bishop is to ordain priests and deacons, assist at the consecration of bishops, to preside over the diocesan con- vention, to accept candidates for holy orders, to institute rectors of parishes, confirm and to visit every parish in his diocese at least once in three years.

Rectors of parishes are usually elected by the Vestry, though in some states the election must be ratified by the congregation and in all cases the assent of the bishop to the election must be obtained. The rector has sole charge of the spiritual concerns of the parish subject to the godly counsel of the bishop and he is entitled to the use and control of the church and parish buildings. He is required to instruct children in the Catechism, to prepare candidates for confirma- tion, to record in the Parish Register all baptisms, confirmations, marriages and burials and to administer the Communion alms for the benefit of the sick and the poor. All lay readers must be licensed by the bishop. A rector can not resign without the consent of the vestry, nor can he be removed against his will except for misconduct, and that only after due trial and conviction.

The method of the incorporation of a parish varies with the laws of the different states, but its usual legal title is, 'The Rector, Wardens and Vestrymen of * * * Church." All requirements of the civil law must be met before a parish can be received into union with the convention of the diocese and conformity to the doctrine, discipline and worship must be promised. The government of a

208 Year Book of the Churches

parish rests with the rector, wardens and vestrymen The wardens and vestrymen are elected by members of the congregation whose qualifications to vote are set forth in law. In come dioceses women are now permitted to vote for the vestry. Wardens are specifically charged with the duty of seeing that the church is kept sweet and clean and, with the vestrymen, are responsible for the finances of the parish. The vestry is a trustee for the property of the corporation.

Next to the parish comes the diocese which is made up of the bishop or bishops, the clergy within the diocese and laymen elected by the parishes and missions of the diocese. The diocese is empowered to make assessments for the support of the episcopate, for diocesan missions, religious education, social service and any other work of which it may approve. Each diocese has a Standing Committee which may also act as a council of advice to the bishop when requested. Under certain circumstances the Standing Committee becomes the ecclesiastical authority of the diocese, notably during a vacancy in the episcopate. Missionary districts are those parts of states and terri- tories which are not, for the time being, capable of self-support. The stipends of all missionary bishops are paid by the central authority.

The United States are now divided into eight provinces in each of which there is a synod consisting of a House of Bishops, composed of all the bishops within the "province, and a House of Clerical and Lay Deputies elected by the dioceses and missionary districts within the province. The synod has authority to create provincial Boards of Missions, Religious Education and Social Service; also to elect judges of the Court of Review.

The supreme legislative body of the Protestant Episcopal Church is the General Convention which xneets once in three years. It con- sists of two bodies — the House of Bishops and the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies. Each House sits separately ; either may originate legislation, but there must be on all matters concurrent action.

The House of Bishops is composed of all the bishops having jurisdiction, and every bishop, who through infirmity or age, has resigned his jurisdiction. Suffragan bishops have a seat, but no vote. The House of Bishops elects its own presiding officer and now throws open its doors to the public except when seated in council.

The House of Deputies consists of clerical and lay representa- tives elected by each diocese admitted to union with the convention. The number of such deputies must not exceed four from each diocese in each order. Missionary districts within the boundaries of the United States elect one clerical and one lay deputy. Missionary districts in foreign lands have the same privilege save the right to vote when the vote is taken by orders. Ordinarily the vote of a majority of deputies suffices, but either the clerical or lay represen- tative of a diocese may call for a vote by orders. In such case the two orders vote separately, each diocese having one clerical and one lay vote, and the deputies from the domestic missionary districts one- fourth of a vote. No change in the Constitution nor in the Book of Common Prayer can be made unless first proposed in one General Convention, then sent to each diocesan convention and finallv adopted at the next General Convention by a majority of the whole number of bishops entitled to vote, and by a majority of the clerical and lay deputies voting by orders.

At the General Convention of (1919) a radical departure was taken in the organization of the Presiding Bishop and Council charged with the duty of carrying on the missionary, educational and social work of the Church. The Council consists of sixteen elected by the General Convention — four bishops, four clergymen and eight laymen; one elected by each of the eight provincial synods, and a Vice-President and Treasurer. Pending the election of a Presiding

Directory of Religious Bodies 209

Bishop the General Convention elects a bishop as President of the Council. The Council has organized the following departments:

Missions and Church Extension.

Religious Education.

Christian Social Service.

Finance.

Publicity.

Nation Wide Campaign,

The budget of the Council for 1922 was $4,036,361.

The subject of Christian Unity has been to the fore in the Epis- copal Church since the General Convention, which met in Chicago, adopted as a basis of reunion four articles which were in turn adopted by the Lambeth Conference of 1888, and have since been known as "The Lambeth Quadrilateral." They are as follows:

(a) The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments as "containing all things necessary to salvation/* and as being the rule and ultimate standard of faith.

(6) The Apostles' Creed as the baptismal symbol, and the Nicene Creed as the sufficient statement of the Christian faith.

(c) The two Sacraments ordained by Christ himself — baptism and the Supper of the Lord — ministered with unfailing use of Christ's words of institution and of the elements ordained by Him,

(d) The historic episcopate, locally adapted in the methods of its administration to the varying needs of the nations and peoples called of God into the unity of His Church.

At the General Convention of 1910 there was appointed a Joint Commission on the Faith and Order of the Catholic Church with the intent to promote a world conference looking towards the "visible unity of the Body of Christ on earth/' The advent of the great war arrested the arrangements for the conference, but the effort is now being renewed with every prospect of success: the more so because similar commissions have been appointed in England both by the Anglicans and Nonconformists.

A further step was taken in 1919 when the General Convention appointed a commission on the suggested Concordat with the Congre- gational Church in the United States. A further report on the mat- ter will be laid before the General Convention in the fall of 1922.

These efforts towards unity have been greatly stimulated by the action of the Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops throughout the world held in London in 1920.

In a fine Appeal to All Christian People the bishops urge the need of that fellowship which shall express itself in the visible unity of Christ's flock. They express the belief that the visible unity of the Church will be found to involve the whole-hearted acceptance of the Holy Scriptures, as the record of God's revelation of Him- self to man, and as the rule and ultimate standard of faith; and the Creed commonly called Nicene, as the sufficient statement of the Christian faith, and either it or the Apostles' Creed as the baptismal confession of belief; the divinely instituted Sacraments of Baptism and the Holy Communion, as expressing for all the corporate life of the whole fellowship in and with Christ; a ministry acknowledged by every part of the Church as possessing not only the inward call of the spirit, but also the commission of Christ and the authority of the whole body.

REFORMED EPISCOPAL CHURCH

General Council, triennial; next session, Philadelphia, Pa., May, 1924 (Jubilee Council).

210 Year Book of the Churches

Three synods, including 1 in Canada, and 3 missionary jurisdictions.

Officers of General Council: Pres. and Presiding Bishop, Robert L. Rudolph, 103 S. 36th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ; See., Rev. William A. Freemantle, 1617 Oxford St., Philadelphia, Pa. ; Treas., George "W. Wagner, 4418 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Bishops

"Willard Brewing, 491 Euclid Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Can.

Robert L. Eudolph, 103 S. 36th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Bishop Robert L. Rudolph; Sec., H. H. Siimamon, West End Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS. Sec., Rev. Wm, Eareckson, Jr., 2750 S. Cleveland Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON SUNDAY SCHOOLS Sec , Rev. William Tracy, 4401 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa.

COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND PUBLICATION. Chmn.f Rev. W. T. Way, D. D., 1611 N. Caroline St , Baltimore, MdL

SUSTENTATION FUND. Pres. Trustees, Frederick 0. Foxcroft, 13 Carteret St., Newark, N. J.; Treas., The Provident Trust Company, Philadelphia, Pa.

WOMEN'S AUXILIARY TO BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Mrs. R. L. Rudolph, 103 S. 36th St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Cor. Sec., Mrs. Samuel B. Ray, 442 W. School Lane, Philadelphia, Pa.

WOMAN'S AUXILIARY TO BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS. Pres., Mrs. Charles F. Hendricks, West End Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

Theological Seminary

Name Location President

Theological Seminary Philadelphia, Pa Joseph D Wilson.

Periodicals Episcopal Recorder, Philadelphia, Pa.

History

At the sixth conference of the Evangelical Alliance in New York, in October, 1873, a communion service was held in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, in which Dr. Payne Smith, Dean of Canterbury, and Bishop George David Cummins, of Kentucky, participated. This was at the time of the intense discussion in the Protestant Episcopal Church concerning ritual, and Dean Smith and Bishop Cummins were subjected to some very severe and unfriendly criticisms for partici- pating in this union communion service. Bishop Cummins had for some time felt disturbed at the apparently ritualistic tendencies of his church, and the loss — as he thought — of true catholicity, and so keenly did he feel these criticisms as new evidence of these tendencies that, on November 10, he withdrew. A number of others shared his opinions, and on a call from him 7 clergymen and 20 laymen met in New York City on December 2, and organized the Reformed Episcopal Church. Bishop Cummins was chosen as presiding bishop, and the Rev. Dr. Charles Edwards Cheney was elected a bishop and was subsequently consecrated in Chicago,

The name Reformed Episcopal was chosen because of the belief of the founders of the new movement that the same principles were adopted which were the basis of the Anglican Church at the Reforma- tion— which is known in law as the "Reformed Church of England" — and also of the Protestant Episcopal Church when fully organized after the American Revolution.

Directory of Religious Bodies 211

Doctrine

In doctrine the Reformed Episcopal Church declares its belief in the Scriptures as the Word of God, and the sole rule of faith and practice; and accepts the Apostles' Creed, the divine institution of the Sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper, and the doctrines of grace, substantially as set forth in the Thirty-nine Articles of the Protestant Episcopal Church. It rejects the doctrine that the Lord's table is an altar on which the oblation of the body and blood of Christ is offered anew to the Father; that the presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper is a presence in the elements of bread and wine; and that regeneration is inseparably connected with baptism.

Polity

The polity accords with that of the Protestant Episcopal Church, except that it looks upon episcopacy as an ancient and desirable form of church government rather than as of divine right. It rejects, as erroneous doctrine and contrary to God's Word, the position that the Church of Christ consists of only one order of ecclesiastical polity, and that Christian ministers are priests in any other sense than that in which all other believers are "a royal priesthood."

The Reformed Episcopal Church recognizes the Christian char- acter of members of other branches of Christ's Church and receives them on letters dimissory. It does not demand the reordination of clergymen, duly ordained in other communions, who enter its ranks. It holds, however, that, through its bishops, who alone have the right to confirm and ordain, it has preserved intact the historic succession of the ministry. Unlike the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, the bishops do not constitute a separate house in the General Council. They preside over synods or jurisdictions which correspond to dioceses and jurisdictions of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

For worship the church accepts the Book of Common Prayer as revised by the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1785, but holds that no liturgy should be imperative or repressive of freedom in prayer, and reserves full liberty to alter, abridge, enlarge, and amend the same, as may seem best, "provided that the substance of the faith be kept entire."

REFORMED BODIES

The churches, aside from the Lutheran, that were the direct outcome of the Protestant Reformation, trace their ecclesiastical origin to republican Switzerland, and those leaders in the cause of representative government, Swingli, Calvin, and Melanchthon. Of these the Swiss, Dutch and some German churches came to be known as Reformed; the Scotch and English as Presbyterian, and the French as Huguenot; while those in Bohemia and Hungary preserved their national names.

In the early colonization of America, Dutch and Germans, as well as Scotch and English, were prominent, and as a result there are now three Reformed Churches, two tracing their origin to Holland, one to the German Palatinate, The Hungarian Reformed Church has ceased to exist as a separate body in America, its membership having joined the Reformed Church in the United States, or made a concordat with the Protestant Episcopal Church. The first church in New Amster- dam was organized by the Dutch in 1628, and for a considerable time the Hollanders were practically limited to that neighborhood. Some- what later a German colony, driven from the Palatinate by the ruth- less persecution of Louis XIV, settled in upper New York and Penn-

212 Year Book of the Churches

sylvania, and, as it grew, spread westward. Another Dutch immigra- tion, which established its headquarters in Michigan, identified itself with the New York branch, but afterwards a minor part formed its own ecclesiastical organization. The New York branch, known at first as the "Reformed Dutch Church," later adopted the title "Re- formed Church in America,*' similarly, the German Reformed Church became the Reformed Church in the United States, The third body is known as the Christian Reformed Church, while the fourth is styled the Hungarian (Magyar) Reformed Church. There are also a num- ber of churches, called Netherlands Dutch Church or True Reformed Dutch Church, which have no general ecclesiastical organization and are included under the head of "Independent Churches/'

In its earlier history each body clung to its ancestral language, a practice which not infrequently checked a natural growth, although it had the advantage of giving to the newcomers a congenial church life, to which is largely due the fact that these communities have grown up loyal to the best interest both of their mother church and of their new country. As conditions changed the use of English was accepted, and the older churches blended with the general interests of the community.

In their doctrine, polity, and general public life, the Reformed churches remain conservative. New ideas, simply because novel, have not had ready acceptance; yet new forms of organization, such as the various societies for young people and similar enterprises, have found a cordial welcome. In, interdenominational relations they have always been friendly, are members of the Alliance of Reformed Churches, and early inaugurated foreign mission work. They have stood for high standards in education and scholarship and have furnished many men prominent in public life.

In doctrine they are generally Calvimstic. Their Heidelberg Catechism emphasizes the general comfort of redemption in Christ, while the Westminster Catechism teaches the same and emphasizes the sovereignty of God. The polity is Presbyterian, differing from that of the Presbyterian churches only in the names of church offices and some minor details. They have a consistory instead of a session, a classis instead of a presbytery, and a general synod instead of a general assembly. The denominations grouped under the name "Reformed Bodies" are as follows:

Reformed Church in America.

Reformed Church in the United States.

Christian Reformed Church.

REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA

General Synod, annual; next session, Pella, Iowa, June 8, 1922.

Five particular synods; 40 classes.

Headquarters : 25 E. 22d St., New York City.

Officers: Pres., Rev. Albert Ottman, 25 E. 22d St., New York City; Stated Clerk, Rev. Henry Lockwood, East Millstone, N. J. ; Treas., Frank R. Van Nest.

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS AND THE ARABIAN MISSION. Pres., Rev. Henry E. Cobb; Cor. Sec., Rev. W, I. Chamberlain; Asso. Sec.- Treas., F. M. Potter; District Sec., Rev. W. J. Van Kersen. Organ, Mission Field.

WOMAN'S BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., Mrs. Be Witt Knox; Cor. Sec., Miss Eliza P. Cobb; Treas., Miss K. Van Nest. Or- gan : Mission Field.

Directory of Religious Bodies 213

BOARD OP DOMESTIC MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. James S. Kittell, Sec.j William T. Demarest; Treas., Charles W. Osborne; Field Sec., Rev. S. Van der Werf .

WOMEN'S BOARD OP DOMESTIC MISSIONS. Pres., Mrs. John S. Bussing; Cor. Sec., Mrs. John S. Allen; Treas., Miss Mary M. Green- wood.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION AND BIBLE SCHOOL WORK. Pres., Rev. F. S. Wilson ; Cor. Sec,9 Rev. Isaac W. Gowen ; Treas., John F. Cham- bers; Business Agent, Lucius W. Hine; Educational See., Rev. Abram Duryee.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Rev. A. T. Brock; Cor. Sec., Rev. Willard D. Brown, Treas., John F. Berry.

DISABLED MINISTERS' FUND AND WIDOWS' FUND. Treas., F. R. Van Nest.

Colleges Name Location President

Central College Pella, Iowa M.J.Hoffman.

Hope College Holland, Mich Edward B. Dimnent.

Rutgers College ( non-sect'n)... New Brunswick, N. J . W. H. S. Demarest.

Theological Seminaries

Theological Seminary . .New Brunswick, N. J John H. Raven.

Western Theological Seminary .Holland, Mich. J. F. Zwemer.

Periodicals

Organ of Mission Boards, The Christian Intelligencer (weekly), New York City, Editor, Rev. James Hunter; Leader, Holland, Mich., Editor, Rev. James F. Zwemer; De Hope, Holland, Mich., Editor, Rev. James F. Zwemer; Der Mitarbeiter (monthly), German Valley,

History

In 1626 Manhattan Island was purchased from the Indians, and in that year two "comforters of the sick" came over and read the Scriptures and creeds to the people every Sunday. The first min- ister, Jonas Michaelius arrived in 1628, the same year that Endicott came to Salem, Massachusetts, and a church was organized with at least 50 communicants, both Walloons and Dutch. As immigrants settled along the Hudson, on Long Island, and in New Jersey, other congregations were gathered. Some of these churches are still in ex- istence, and are more than two centuries old. The first church build- ing was erected in New Amsterdam in 1633.

In 1747 a coetus was formed, under the care of the Classis of Amsterdam, to which the Synod of North Holland had committed the American churches, which were no longer under the care of the West India Co. This coetus, however, was merely advisory, and was in entire subordination to the classis, which reserved all power to itself.

In 1755 a minority of the coetus, dissatisfied with the assumption by that body of large powers, formed a "conference." This was the beginning of a sharp controversy, which ended in 1771 in the union of the two bodies in a self-governing organization which held, how- ever, a close relation to the Classis of Amsterdam. With the close of the Revolutionary War and the development of the independent republic, and with the growth of self-government, the ecclesiastical autonomy of all denominations was further developed, and in 1792 the present ecclesiastical government of the Reformed Churches in America was perfected.

The stream of Dutch immigration ceased in the latter half of the seventeenth century. About 1800 the Dutch language ceased gen- erally to be the language of worship and in 1867 the word "Dutch" was eliminated from the title of the church, and the present title was

214 Year Book of the Churches

adopted. In consequence of a considerable immigration from Holland in the middle of the nineteenth century, the greater part of which has settled in Michigan, Iowa and other sections of the West, many con- gregations have been founded there and a few in the East, in which the Dutch language is again used.

Doctrine

The Reformed Church in America accepts as its doctrinal sym- bols the Apostles, the Nicene, and the Athanasian creeds, the Belgic Confession, and the Canons of the Synod of Dort, the Heidelberg Cathechism, and is a distinctively Calvinistic body. It has a liturgy, for optional use in public worship with forms of prayer. Some parts of the liturgy, as those for the administration of baptism and the Lord's Supper, for the ordination of ministers, elders, and deacons, are obligatory; the forms of prayer, the marriage service, etc., are not ob- ligatory. Children are "baptized as heirs of the kingdom of God and of His covenant"; adults are baptized on profession of repentance for sin and faith in Christ. All baptized persons are considered members of the church, are under its care, and are subject to its government and discipline. No subscription to specific form of words being re- quired, admission to communion and full membership is on confession of faith before the elders and minister.

Ministers, on being ordained, are required to subscribe to the standards and polity of the church.

Polity

The polity of the Reformed Church is Presbyterian. The govern- ment of the local church is under the control of a consistory which is composed of the minister, elders, and deacons, who are elected by the members of the church over 18 years of ag»e. The minister and elders have particular care of the spiritual interests, and the deacons of the collection of alms and relief of the poor and distressed. The Colle- giate Church (College of Churches) is a collection of worshiping congregations under the general management of one consistory. Each congregation, however, has its own special consistory.

The classis, which has immediate supervision of the churches and the ministry, consists of all the ministers within a certain district, and an elder from each consistory with that district, collegiate churches being entitled to an elder for each worshiping assembly. The classes of a certain district are combined in a particular synod, com- posed of four ministers and four elders from every classis within its bounds, which acts as an intermediate court in certain cases, but has special supervision of church activities within its borders. The high- est court of the church is the General Synod. It consists of ministers and elders from each classis nominated by the classes to the particu- lar synods, which have power to appoint them as delegates to the General Synod. In default of nomination by a classis the particular synod makes appointments. Classes meet semiannually in the spring and fall; the particular synods, annually in May; the General Synod, annually in June.

The Reformed Church in America is a member of the Alliance of Reformed Churches throughout the world holding the Presbyterian System, and of the Council of Reformed Churches holding the Presby- terian System, and has approved the Constitution of the Council of Reformed Churches holding the Presbyterian System. These articles, approved by the constituent bodies, while leaving each church's judic- atories independent in action, secure through a council mutual con- ference and cooperation in church activities.

Directory of -Religious Bodies 215

REFORMED CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES

General Synod, triennial; next session, Hickory, N. C., May 23, 1923.

Eight district synods, 61 classes

Officers: Pres., Rev. George W, Kichards, Lancaster, Pa.; Stated Clerk, Rev. J. Rauch Stein, 499 S. Franklin St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Treas., Milton Warner, 2232 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

BOAKD OF HOME MISSIONS, 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Rev. C. E. Miller; Gen. Sec., Rev. C. E. Schaeffer; Rec. Sec., Rev. J. H. Mickley; Treas., Joseph S. Wise.

BOABD OP FOREIGN MISSIONS, 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres,, Rev. J. I. Good; Sec., Rev. A. R. Bartholomew; Treas., Rev. A. S. Bromer.

PUBLICATION AND SUNDAY SCHOOL BOAED, 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Pres., Rev. C. Clever; Gen. Sec., Rev. R. W. Miller; Treas., C. 0. Althouse.

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF. Pres., Rev. Philip Vollmer; Sec, Rev. J. W. Meminger; Treas. , Rev. E. L. McLean.

SOCIETY FOR THE SUPPORT OF INDIGENT MINISTERS AND TEACHERS. Prcs., Rev. C. J. Walenta; Sec, Rev, A. Muehlmeier, Monticello, Wis.; Treas., Rev. H. T. Vriesen.

CENTRAL PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2969 W. 25th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Pres., F. von Tacky; Sec, Rev. F. W. Leich, Dayton, Ohio; Business Mgr., Peter Wetzel, Cleveland, Ohio.

WOMEN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF GENERAL SYNOD. Pres., Mrs. B. B. Krammes, Tiffin, Ohio; Statistical Sec., Mrs. Anna L. Miller, Canton, Ohio; Treas., Mrs. Anna L. Anewalt, 814 Walnut St., Allen- town, Pa.; Rec. Sec., Miss Helen Bareis, Canal Winchester, Ohio.

Colleges Name Location President or Principal

Catawba College Newton, N. C .... .A. D. Wolfinger.

College for Women . . . . Allentown, Pa William F. Curtis.

Franklin and Marshall College . . Lancaster, Pa. . . . Henry H. Apple.

Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio . . , Charles E Miller.

Hood College Frederick, Md. . . . Joseph H. Apple.

Franklin and Marshall Academy Lancaster, Pa Edwin M Harlman.

Massanutten Academy .... . Woodstock, Va. . . Howard J Benchoff. Mercersburg Academy . . Mercersburg;, Pa. .William Mann Irvine.

Ursinus College Collegeville, Pa. , George Leslie Omwake.

Theological Seminaries

Central Theological Seminary .Dayton, Ohio Henry J. Christman.

Mission House Theological Seminary

and College Academy Plymouth, Wis. .John M G Darms.

Theological Seminary . Lancaster, Pa. . . George W. Richards

Periodicals

English: Reformed Church Messenger (weekly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, Rev. Paul S.-Leinbach; Christian World (weekly), Cleve- land, Ohio, Editor, Rev. Henry Gekeler; Reformed Church Review (quarterly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editors, Rev. Theo. F. Herman and Geo. W. Richards; Reformed Church Record (weekly), Reading Pa., Editor, Rev. I M. Beaver; Reformed Church Standard (semi-- monthly), Hickory, N. C., Editor, W. W. Rowe; Heidelberg Teacher (monthly), Editor, Rev. Rufus W. Miller; Way (weekly), Phila- delphia, Pa., Editor,, Rev. R. L. G«erhart; Leaves of Light (weekly), Sunshine (weekly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editor, R. L. Gerhart; Outlook

216 Year Book of -the Churches

of Missions (monthly), Philadelphia, Pa., Editors, A. R. Bartholomew, C. E. Schaeffer, Mrs, E. W. Lentz.

German (all weekly) : Reformierte Kwelienzeitimg, Cleveland, Ohio, Editor, G. Dolch; Hungarian- American Reformed Sentinel, Pittsburgh, Pa., Editor, Alexander Harsanyi.

History

The Reformed Church in the United States — for many years known as the "German Reformed Church" — traces its origin chiefly to the German, Swiss, and French people who settled in America early in the eighteenth century. Among its founders it includes Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin, of Switzerland, while the fact that so many of its early members came from the German Palatinate, gives it close relation to Philip Melanchthon. The Heidelberg Cate- chism, compiled under Frederick III, Elector of the Palatinate in 1563, by Zacharias Ursmus, a pupil of Melanchthon, and Caspar Olevianus, a pupil of Calvin, is still the Reformed Church's standard in teaching the Scriptures.

Pastorius with a little company of Mystics came to Pennsylvania in 1683, at the invitation of William Penn, and founded Germantown; but it was not until 1709 that these immigrants became at all numer- ous. About that time more than 30,000 from the Palatinate, who had found their wav to England, encamped near London, clamoring for transportation. Some thousands of them were placed on unoccu- pied lands in Ireland and elsewhere, while large numbers were brought to America where they established settlements in the South, in New York, and in Pennsylvania. These pioneers were almost in- variably thoroughly religious in character, and made provision for churches and parochial schools. No regular method of securing ordi- nation in this country existed, although Boehm was ordained by the Dutch Reformed ministers of New York with the assent of the Classis of Amsterdam. Meanwhile the ecclesiastical authorities of the Palatinate, appreciating their own inability to do much for the Amer- ican churches, made application to the Classis of Amsterdam, and that classis commissioned Michael Schlatter as a missionary evangel- ist. He arrived in August, 1746, and soon after he had a conference with the pastors who were already in the churches. As a consequence, a coetus or synod was organized the next year. Some opposition arose to connection with the Holland Church, which, in its turn, was some- what discouraged by the reports from America and also by the death in 1749 of Boehm, whose influence had been great.

In 1751 Schlatter made a visit to Europe, and so interested the people of Holland in the churches of Pennsylvania that he returned the next year with six ministers and a sum estimated at $60,000. This general assistance, however, was so conditioned upon subordina- tion to the Classis of Amsterdam as to occasion a great deal of fric- tion, manifested especially in the development of two distinct parties in the Coetus itself, differing in their views of polity and resembling in a general way the "Old Side" and "New Side" in the Presbyterian Church; the former emphasizing doctrinal regularity, the latter being more in accord with the evangelistic and Pietistic developments of the time. Among the most prominent leaders in the latter company was Philip William Otterbein, later identified with the organization of the United Brethren in Christ. A number of independent ministers de- clined to identify themselves with the Coetus, among whom one of the most prominent was John J. Zubly, pastor of a church in Charles- ton, South Carolina, and for a time a member of the Continental Congress.

The first synod of the German Reformed Church met at Lancas- ter, Pennsylvania, April 27, 1793, and reported 178 congregations and

Directory of Religious Bodies 217

15,000 communicants. Of the congregations at least 55 had no min- isters. The churches were scattered through New York, northern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, with several congregations west of the Alleghenies.

With the development of the Protestant Episcopal Church some congregations joined that body and others joined in the organization of the United Brethren. Various movements sprang up for union with other bodies, such as the Dutch Reformed Church, and especially the Lutheran, at the time of the organization of the first Lutheran Ministerium. This latter union was especially encouraged by the union in 1817 of the Lutheran and Eeformed churches of Prussia. It did not, however, materialize.

Then followed the revival period, in which two opposing influ- ences were developed — the liberal and the conservative. The conser- vative party was anxious to preserve the faith, and the liberal party laid greater stress on fellowship. Another complication arose from the fact that the younger element preferred to use the English lan- guage in church services, while the older element preferred the Ger- man. As the difficulty of securing trained leaders became more ap- parent, a theological seminary was founded. During the discussions that followed, a number of churches withdrew and formed, m 1822, the "Synod of the Free German Reformed Congregations of Penn- sylvania," later known as the "German Reformed Synod of Pennsyl- vania and Adjacent States." These churches returned to the North- ern Synod, in 1837. A theological seminary was established at Car- lisle, Pa., m 1825; removed to York, Pa., in 1829; thence to Mercers- burg in 1837. Since 1871, the seminary has been located m Lancaster, Pa.

Meanwhile the church had been developing westward, but the difficulties of intercommunication made the mutual relations uncertain and the western classis soon developed into the Western Synod, which, while holding generally fraternal relations with the Eastern Synod, was not identified with it. As graduates of Mercersburg- found their way into the distant sections, the two synods came into more inti- mate relations, and in 1844 a convention was called in which the Dutch Reformed Church and the two German Reformed synods were represented. Although the convention was purely advisory, it pre- pared the way for later union. Tbe western congregations mean- while had met the same difficulty as those in the East in securing ministers, and had established their own educational institutions, one of which, Heidelberg College, at Tiffin, Ohio, was founded m 1850.

During this period the church developed its general activities. The earliest German church papers were the result of private enter- prise, but in 1840 the Synod founded a printing establishment at Chambersburg, Pa., which was removed to Philadelphia after the de- struction of Chambersburg during the Civil War.

As early as 1755 the Synod of Pennsylvania had organized a society for the relief of ministers and their widows. In 1833 the fund was transferred to the Synod and the society placed on a more substantial basis. In 1826 a Board of Domestic Missions was or- ganized, and in 1838 a Board of Foreign Missions, working in rela- tion with the American Board. In all departments of Christian ac- tivity there appeared indications of renewed life. The three-hun- dredth anniversary of the formation and adoption of the Heidelberg Catechism was celebrated by the Reformed Church in 1863, by the union of the two synods in a General Synod. With the organization of the General Synod began the rapid extension of the work of home missions; the German work in the West rapidly assumed unexpected proportions and the English-speaking portion increased also; as a re- sult, separate district synods and specific classes were organized — •

218 Year Book of the Churches

the latest being the Hungarian Classis— to meet the needs of the Reformed Hungarian churches. In 1922, two Hungarian classes be- longing to the Eeformed Church of Hungary, with a constituency of about 3,000 members, were incorporated m the Reformed Church in the United States,

Through these experiences the church has developed strength, and at the same time has entered into the most cordial relations with other bodies. It is a member of the Alliance of Reformed Churches throughout the world holding the Presbyterian System, and of the American Council of those churches. It has given cordial welcome to consideration of closer union, both with the Reformed Church in America and with the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America.

Doctrine and Polity

Both in doctrine and polity the Reformed Church in the United States is in hearty accord with the other Reformed and Presbyterian churches. The Heidelberg Catechism is in universal use in the churches, and the system of church courts corresponds to that of the Reformed Church in America, and differs in name only from the Presbyterian bodies.

CHRISTIAN REFORMED CHURCH IN NORTH AMERICA

Synod, "biennial; next meeting, Kalamazoo, Mich, June 18, 1924

Thirteen classes.

Synodical Com., Rev. W. P. Van Wijk, Rev. R. L. Haan, Rev J. Holwerda ; Stated Clerk, Rev Henry Beets, 737 Madison Ave , S E., Grand Rapids, Mich.; Treas., Rev. J. Noordewier, 617 Bates St S. B , Grand Rapids, Mich.

HOME MISSION COMMITTEE. Pres., Rev. K. Poppen,* Sec. and Treas., Rev. I. Van Dellen, 1804 S. Emerson St., Denver, Colo.

CHURCH ERECTION COMMITTEE. Sec. and Treas., Rev. J. Manni, 525 Superior Ave., Sheboygan, Wis.

HOME MISSION COMMITTEE IN THE EAST. Pres., Rev. J. A. Westervelt, 66 Haledon Ave., Paterson, N. J.; Immigration Work at Ellis Island and Hoboken, M. J. Broekhuizen, 332 River St., Ho- boken, N. J.

IMMIGRATION COMMITTEE IN THE ;WEST. Pres., Rev. H. J. Hey- nen, Orange City, Iowa, R. F. D. No/1.

JEWISH MISSION COMMITTEE. Sec.-Treas., Rev. J. L. Van Tielen, W. Sayville, L. L, N. Y.

BOARD OP MISSIONS. Pres., Rev. R. B. Kmper, Grand Rapids, Mich.; Sec., Rev, Henry Beets, 737 Madison Ave., S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.; Treas., Rev. J. Dolfin, 155 Terrace St., Muskegon, Mich.

BOARD OF MINISTERIAL RELIEF. Sec. and Treas., Rev. J. Smitter, Lansing, 111.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION. Sec., W. Heyns, 1319 Sigsbee St. S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Colleges and Theological Seminaries

Name Location prin. or Rector

Calvm College Grand Rapids, Mich J, J. Hiemenffa.

Theological Seminary Grand Rapids, Mich L Berkhof

Grundy College Grundy Center, Iowa w. Bode (Pres.).

Directory of Religious Bodies 219

Periodicals

The Banner (weekly), Grand Rapids, Mich., Editor, Rev. Henry Beets; De Wackier (weekly), Grand Rapids, Mich, Editor, H. Keegstra; Der Reformierte Bate (monthly), Kanawha, Iowa, Editor, Rev. G. L. Hoefker.

History, Doctrine and Polity

The Christian Reformed Church belongs to the Calvinistic group of churches which hold the Presbyterian System of church govern- ment. Its doctrinal standards are: The Heidelberg Catechism, the Belgic or Netherland Confession of Faith and the Five Canons of Dordrecht. As suggested by the name of the second standard men- tioned, the Christian Reformed Church is of Holland extraction, nearly exclusively. Its oldest part, the present Classis of Hackensack, for- merly known as the True Protestant Dutch Reformed Church, in 1822, under leadership of Dr. S. Froehgh, seceded from the Reformed Church in America, alleging that the parent body had departed seri- ously from the Reformed standards and Reformed discipline.

The main part of the denomination is composed of people whose ancestors in 1834 and following years left the "Hervormde" (Re- formed) Church of the Netherlands to become known as Christian Reformed Church. Persecuted in Holland for the sake of their re- ligion, they went to the United States, the pioneer bands arriving here in 1846 and 1847, and settling m central Iowa under leadership of the Rev. H. P. Scholte and in western Michigan under Dr. A. C. Van Raalte as its leader. In 1848 the Michigan Hollanders consented to join the Reformed Church in America on condition that they would have the greatest possible liberty if they at any time considered the ecclesiastical connection to be contrary to their religious pros- perity or enjoyment, to bid the Reformed Church a fraternal adieu and be by themselves. In the course of the next few years a number of the Dutch immigrants, led by G. Haan and Rev. K. Vanden Bosch, began to entertain the idea that it would promote their prosperity and joy to form a separate body, and consequently four Michigan churches withdrew from the Reformed Church and organized what became later known as the Christian Reformed Church. The new denomination at first had a hard struggle for existence, but as the immigration of Reformed Hollanders from the Netherlands from 1880 to 1890 was quite strong, they increased considerably, strengthened the more in 1882 by the joining of several churches, led by the Rev. L. J. Hulst, which from 1880 to 1881 had withdrawn from the Re- formed Church on account of the stand its General Synod took re- garding Free Masonry. In 1890 the Classis of Hackensack named above, joined the Christian Reformed Church.

When the pioneer Hollanders came here during the middle of the 19th century, they stated that their obejct in coming was not alone to obtain material prosperity, but also to provide their children with a Christian education and to have a share in the coming of the King- dom of God among the heathen, things they were unable to obtain because of economic pressure at the time and persecution for their principle's sake. The Christian Reformed have tried to carry out the twofold program named. Everywhere they opened free Christian primary schools, at first parochial institutions, but later on supported by separate organizations composed of their church people. In half a dozen places they are maintaining Christian high schools or acad- emies. Grand Rapids, Mich., is the seat of their Calvin College and Theological School, opened in 1876 and at present having an enroll- ment of about 300 students. In central Iowa the Grund College is maintained largely by the German element of the denomination. This element is descended from people living in parts of Germany, con-

220 Year Book of the Churches

tiguous to the Netherlands and drawn into the secession movement of 1834 and following years

The monthly organ of the German Christian Reformed Churches is Der Reformierte Bote. The Holland speaking churches, still the most numerous, although rapidly Americanizing, have as their weekly, De Wachter. The American churches, steadily increasing, are served by the weekly, The Banner, dating from 1866.

Home Mission work is carried on among the scattered Hollanders and Germans in America In a few places Rescue Mission work has been taken up. In Paterson and Chicago, Jewish mission work is being done. Five mission posts are maintained in the Southwest among the Navaho and Zum Indians. This work was begun in 1896. In 1920 a pioneer party of three missionaries and their wives was sent to China, and, November 17, 1922, began work at Rukoa, in Northern Kiangsu.

The Christian Reformed Church is very conservative doctrinally. A portion of the Heidelberg Catechism is explained in sermons, dur- ing one of the Sabbath services, throughout the year. A great deal of emphasis is placed on catechetical instruction. A series of cate- chism books, from primary grades up to more advanced work for adults, is used regularly in well attended weekday classes taught by pastors and elders. In most congregations Sunday Schools are main- tained and all kinds of societies of a religious educational character for young people and married men and women. In some of the Hol- land churches three preaching services are held each Sabbath, in others two, and in a few as many as four, two of them employing the Dutch as language of worship and two the English.

The Psalms are used as the chief manual of praise, the American churches employing the United Presbyterian Psalter published in 1914.

The Liturgy of the Reformed churches of the Netherlands, dat- ing from Reformation times, is in regular obligatory use in so far as the forms for the administration of Baptism and Communion, ordina- tion of office bearers and of discipline are concerned.

The Church Order, containing rules for church government, is a revision of what was promulgated in 1618-19 by the Synod of Dordrecht.

The Christian Reformed denomination occupies in the Reformed family of churches very much the place taken by the United Presby- terians of the United States in the Presbyterian family. Some years ago an attempt was made to form a union between the two but the movement was barren of results.

Ecclesiastical correspondence is carried on with various denomi- nations in America and the Reformed Church of South Africa, while a few struggling Holland churches in the Argentine Republic are not alone corresponded with but also supported financially. But contact with the Reformed Churches of the Netherlands is the closest of all and their leaders have considerably influenced the religious thought of the American denomination. The Christian Reformed Church in 1918 applied for membersip in the Federal Council. In 1913 its Board of Missions joined the Home Missions Council. The Foreign Missions Conference was joined in 1920.

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHUBCB

Apostolic Delegate to the United States, Archbishop Pietro Fumasoni-Bionbi, 1811 Biltmore St. N. W., Washington, D. 0.

Archdioceses

Most Rev. Michael, Cardinal Curley (Baltimore), 408 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Md.

Directory of Religious Bodies 221

Kt. Rev. Owen B. Corrigan, Auxiliary Bishop, 1611 Baker St., Baltimore, Md.

His Eminence, William, Cardinal O'Connell (Boston), 217 Bay State Road, Boston, Mass.

Rt. Rev. Jos. G. Anderson, Auxiliary Bishop, 309 Bowdoin St., Dorchester, Mass.

Most Rev. George Mundelein (Chicago), 1555 N. State St., Chicago, 111. %

Most Rev. Henry Moeller (Cincinnati), 5418 Moeller Ave., Nor- wood, Ohio.

Most Rev. James John Keane (Dubuque), Locust and llth Sts., Dubuque, la.

Most Rev. Sebastian G. Messmer (Milwaukee), 2000 Grand Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

Most Rev. John W. Shaw (New Orleans), 1205 Esplanade Ave., New Orleans, La.

Most Rev. Patrick J. Hayes (New York), 452 Madison Ave., New York City.

Rt. Rev. John J. Dunn, Auxiliary Bishop, 452 Madison Ave., New York City. , \t ]

Most Rev. Alexander Christie (Oregon City), 62 N. 16th St., Portland, Ore.

His Eminence, Denis, Cardinal Dougherty (Philadelphia), 1723 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rt. Rev. Michael J. Crane, D. D. V. G., Auxiliary Bishop, 4625 Springfield Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Most Rev. John J. Glennon (St. Louis), 3810 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis, Mo,

Most Rev. Austin Dowling (St. Paul), 226 Summit Ave., St. Paul, Minn.

Most Rev. Edw. J. Hanna (San Francisco), 1000 Fulton St., San Francisco, Cal.

Most Rev. Albert A. Daeger, 0. F. M. (Santa Fe), Cathedral, Santa Fe, N. M., P. 0. Box 02.

Dioceses (address Rt. Rev.)

Edmund F. Gibbons (Albany), 225 Madison Ave., Albany, N. Y.

Cornelius Van de Ven (Alexandria), 1805 Jackson Ave., Alex- andria, La.

James Ryan (Alton) , Cathedral, Alton, 111.

John J. McCort ( Altoona) , 1211 13th St., Altoona, Pa.

Joseph F. McGrath (Baker City), Baker, Ore.

Henry Althoff (Belleville), 222 S. Third St., Belleville, 111.

Vincent Wehrle, 0. S. B. (Bismarck), Bismarck, N. D.

Daniel M. Gorman (Boise), 804 N. Ninth St., Boise, Idaho.

Thomas E. Molloy (Brooklyn), 367 Clermont Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

William Turner (Buffalo), 1035 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y.

Jos. J. Rice (Burlington), 52 William St., Burlington, Vt.

William T. Russell (Charleston), 114 Broad St., Charleston, S. C.

Patrick A. McGovern (Cheyenne), St. Mary's Cathedral, Chey- enne, Wyo. *

Joseph Schrembs (Cleveland), 1007 Superior Ave. N. E., Cleve- land, Ohio.

James J. Hartley (Columbus), 198 E. Broad St., Columbus, Ohio.

Francis J. Tief (Concordia), 307 East 5th St., Concordia, Kans.

E. B. Ledvina (Corpus Christi), 804 Antelope St., Corpus Christi, Tex.

Ferdinand Brossart (Covington), 1140 Madison Ave., Covington, Ky.

222 Year Book of the Churches

Timothy Corbett (Crookston), Crookston, Minn., Cathedral.

Jos. P. Lynch (Dallas), 4946 Swiss Ave, Dallas, Tex.

James Davis (Davenport), 15th and Brady Sts., Davenport, la.

J. Henry Tihen (Denver), 1536 Logan St., Denver, Colo.

Thomas W. Drumm (Des Homes), 2000 Grand Ave., Des Moines, Iowa.

M. J. Gallagher (Detroit), 1223 Washington Blvd., Detroit, Mich.

John T. McNcholas, 0. P. (Duluth), 211 W. Fourth St., Duluth, Minn.

Anthony J. Schuler, S. J. (El Paso), 1014 Mesa Ave., El Pasr, Tex.

John M. Gannon (Erie), 205 W. 9th Street, Erie, Pa.

Daniel F. Feehan (Fall Eiver), 394 Highland Ave., Fall River, Mass.

James O'Reilly (Fargo), Fargo, N. D.

Herman Jos. Alerding (Fort Wayne), 1140 Clinton St., Ft. Wayne, Ind.

C. E. Byrne (Galveston), Galveston, Tex., St. Mary's Cathedral.

James Albert Duffy (Grand Island), 204 E. Second St., Grand Island, Neb.

Edward D. Kelly (Grand Rapids), 1225 Lake Drive S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Mathias C. Lemhan (Great Falls), 215 16th St.. N., Great Falls, Mont.

Paul P. Rhode (Green Bay), R, F. D. No. 6, Green Bay, Wis.

Philip R. McDevitt (Harrisburg), 111 State St., Harrisburg, Pa.

John J. Nilan (Hartford), 140 Farmmgton Ave., Hartford, Conn.

John P. Carroll (Helena), 720 Madison Ave., Helena, Mont. Joseph Chartrand (Indianapolis), 1347 N. Meridian St., Indian- apolis, Ind.

Thomas F. Lillis (Kansas City), 301 E. Armour Blvd., Kansas City, Mo.

Alexander J. McGavick (La Crosse), 608 S. llth St, La Croste, Wis.

Jules B. Jeanmard (Lafayette), Lafayette, La., Bishop's House.

John J. Lawler (Lead) , Lead, S. D.

John Ward (Leavenworth), 1228 Sandusky Ave., Kansas City, Kans.

C. J. O'Reilly (Lincoln), Lincoln, Neb., Bishop's House.

John B. Morris (Little Rock), St. Andrew's Cathedral, Little Rock, Ark.

Denis O'Donaghue (Louisville), 809 Brook St., Louisville, Ky.

George A. Guertin (Manchester), 151 Walnut St., Manchester, N. H.

Paul J. Nussbaum (Marquette), Cathedral, Marquette, Mich.

Edw. P. Allen (Mobile), Cathedral, Mobile, Ala.

John J. Cantwell (Los Angeles-San Diego), 717 S. Burlington Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.

Thomas S. Byrne (Nashville), 2001 W. End Ave., Nashville, Tenn.

John E. Gunn (Natchez) , Bishop's House, Natchez, Miss.

John J. O'Connor (Newark), 552 South Orange Ave., South Orange, N. J.

Jos. H. Conroy (Ogdensburg), Cathedral, Ogdensburg, N. Y.

Theophile Meerschaert (Oklahoma), 1905 W. 19th St., Oklahoma City, Okla.

Jeremiah Harty (Omaha), 808 N. 36th St., Omaha, Neb.

Edmund M. Dunne (Peoria), 740 Glen Oak Ave., Peoria, 111.

Hugh C. Boyle (Pittsburgh), 116 Dithridge St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Louis S. Walsh (Portland), 307 Congress St., Portland, Me.

Directory of Religious Bodies 223

William A. Hickey (Providence), Bishop, 30 Fenner St., Provi- dence, R. I.

Denis J. O'Connell (Richmond) , 800 Cathedral PL, Richmond, Va. Thomas F. Hickey (Rochester), 947 East Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Peter J. Muldoon (Rockford), 1704 National Avenue, Rockford,

Thomas Grace (Sacramento), Cathedral, Sacramento, Cal.

Patrick Barry (St. Augustine), Cathedral, St. Augustine, Fla.

Jos. F. Busch (St. Cloud), St. Cloud, Minn.

Maurice F. Burke (St. Joseph), 718 N. Seventh St., St. Joseph, Mo.

Joseph S. Glass, C. M. (Salt Lake), Salt Lake City, Utah.

Arthur J. Drossaerts (San Antonio), 310 Dwyer Ave., San An- tonio, Tex.

Michael J. Keyes (Savannah), 222 E. Harris St., Savannah, Ga.

Michael J. Hoban (Scranton), 315 Wyoming Ave., Scranton, Pa.

Edward J. O'Dea (Seattle), 1104 Spring St., Seattle, Wash.

Thomas O'Gorman (Sioux Falls), Sioux Falls, S. D., Bishop's House.

Augustin F. Schinner (Spokane), 238 East 13th St., Spokane, Wash.

E. M. O'Leary (Springfield), 68 Elliott St., Springfield, Mass.

John Grimes (Syracuse), 257 E. Onondaga St., Syracuse, N. Y.

Samuel A. Stritch (Toledo), 525 Islington St., Toledo, Ohio.

Thomas J. Walsh (Trenton), 153 N. Warren St., Trenton, N. J.

Henry Gran j on (Tucson), Cathedral, Tucson, Ariz.

Patrick J. Donahue (Wheeling), cor. 13th and Byron Sts., Wheel- ing, W. Va.

Augustus J. Schwertner (Wichita), 320 East Central Ave., Wichita, Kans.

John James Monaghan (Wilmington), 1301 Delaware Ave., Wil- mington, Del

Patrick R. Heffron ( Winona) , Terrace Heights, Winona, Minn.

Vicariate of North Carolina and Belinont Abbey, Rt. Rev. Leo Haid, 0. S. B., Belmont Abbey, N. C., Belmont Cathedral Annex.

V ieariate-Apostolic of Alaska, Rt. Rev. Jos. Raphael Crimont, S. J., Jurieau, Alaska.

Titular Bishops

Rt. Rev. Bonaventure F. Broderick (Titular Bishop of Juliopo- lis), Saugerties, N. Y.

Rt. Rev. Thomas J. Shahan (Titular Bishop of Germanicopolis) , Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C.

CATHOLIC CHURCH EXTENSION SOCIETY, 180 North Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. Director, Rt. Rev. Msgr. Francis C. ELelley.

CATHOLIC MISSIONARY UNION, Brookland Station, Washington, D. C. Director, Rev. Lewis J. O'Hern, C. S. P.

BUREAU OF CATHOLIC INDIAN MISSIONS, 2021 H St., N. W, Wash- ington, D. C. Director, Rev. William Quinn.

CATHOLIC BOARD FOR MISSION WORK AMONG COLORED PEOPLE, 1 Madison Ave., New York City. Director, Rt. Rev. Mgr., John E. Burke.

ST. JOSEPH'S SOCIETY FOR COLORED MISSIONS, St. Joseph's Semi- nary, Baltimore, Md., Director, Very Rev. Louis B. Pastorelli.

SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE FAITH, 343 Lexington Ave., New York City. Gen Director, Rt. Rev. Msgr. Joseph Freri.

NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE COUNCIL, 1312 Massachusetts Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C.; Gen. Sec.f Rev. John J. Burke, C. S. P.

224 Year Book of the Churches

Colleges, Seminaries and Monasteries

There are 373 of these institutions under the control of the Roman Catholic Church. The full list will be found in the Official Catholic Directory.

Periodicals

Ecclesiastical Review (monthly), 1305 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Ave Maria (weekly), Notre Dame, Ind.; Rosary (monthly), 871 Lex- ington Ave., New York City; Catholic World (monthly), 120 W. 60th St., New York City, Rev. James M. Gilhs, C. S. P., Editor; Catholic University Bulletin (bi-monthly), Washington, D. C.; The Magnifi- cat (monthly, Editor, Sr. M. Ignatia, Manchester, N. H.; The Ex- tension (monthly), Editor, Rev. Francis Kelley, 750 McCormick Bldg., Chicago, 111.; Messenger of the Sacred Heart (monthly), 801 E. 81st St, New York City; Franciscan Herald, 1434 W. 51st St., Chicago, 111.; Christian Family, Techny, III; Benziger's Maga- zine (monthly), 36 Barclay St., New York City; The Lamp (monthly), Garrison, N. Y.; The Field Afar, Maryknoll, Ossming, N. Y.; America (weekly), Editor, Rev. R. H. Tiemey, S. J., 59 E. 83d St., New York City; St. Anthony's Messenger, Beaumont, Texas; Homiletic Monthly, New York City; Truth Magazine (monthly), New York City; The Good Work, New York City; Annals of Propagation of the Faith, New York City; Holy Name Journal (monthly), New York City; The Catholic Convert (bi-monthly), 117 W. 61st St., New York City; The Catholic Historical Remew (quar- terly), Catholic University, Washington, D. C.; The American Catho- lic Quarterly, Philadelphia, Pa.; The Queen's Work (monthly), St. Louis, Mo.; The Missionary (monthly), Brookland, D. C., Editor, Rev. Lewis J, O'Hern, C. S. P.

NOTE. — Roman Catholic data furnished by Frederick B. Eddy, Editor, Official Catholic Directory.

History

The Holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church, more generally known as the "Roman Catholic Church," includes that portion of the Christian Church which recognizes the Bishop of Rome as Pope, the Vicar of Christ on earth, and the Visible Head of the Church It dates its origin from the selection by Jesus Christ of the Apostle Peter as "chief of the Apostles," and it traces its history through his successors in the bishopric of Rome.

Until the tenth century practically the entire Christian Church was recognized as one. Divergent views on various matters, particu- larly the doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Ghost and the pri- macy of the Bishop of Rome, culminated in the eleventh century in a separation between the Western and Eastern sections.

The first Catholic congregation in the territory now constituting the United States was founded at St. Augustine, Fla., in 1565, al- though Catholic services had been held on the soil of Florida long before that date.

Missionaries in connection with Coronado's exploring expedition in 1540 preached among the Indians of New Mexico, but they soon perished. After the founding of Santa Fe, the second oldest town in the United. States, missionary work was more successful and many tribes of Indians accepted the Catholic faith. On the Pacific coast Franciscans accompanied the expeditions to California about 1600, and on the Atlantic coast French priests held worship on Neu- tral Island, on the coast of Maine, in 1609, and three years later on Mount Desert Island. Jesuit missions, begun on the upper Ken- nebec in 1646, were more successful and permanent, many Indian

Directory of Religious Bodies 225

converts being among their fruits. In 1665 Catholics sought to con- vert the Onondagas and other tribes in New York, while similar at- tempts among the Indians on the Great Lakes had been made as early as 1641.

The history of the Catholic Church among the English colonists began with the immigration of English and Irish Catholics to Mary- land in 1634, and the founding of the town of St. Mary's in that year. Religious toleration was from the beginning the law of the colony; but in later years the Catholics were restricted and even disfran- chised, and the restrictions were not entirely removed until after the War of the Revolution.

Religious equality, however, became universal and complete only after the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, in which the present Con- stitution of the United States was adopted. During the discussion of the Constitution a memorial was presented by the Rev. John Carroll, recently appointed (1784) superior of the missions in the United States, which undoubtedly contributed to the adoption of the pro- vision of the sixth article which abolishes religious tests as a qualifica- tion for any office or public trust, and of that portion of the first amendment which says: '"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."

The Revolutionary War left the Catholic Church in America without any immediate hierarchical superior. The vicar apostolic of London held no intercourse with the church in America and refused to exercise jurisdiction in the United States. After considerable in- vestigation and delay the propaganda proposed the name of John Carroll as the superior or prefect apostolic of the church in the thirteen original states, with the power to administer confirmation. This nomination was confirmed and was followed by a decree making the church in the United States a distinct body from that in England.

Mention should be made of what are known as the "Uniat churches," some of which were formerly connected with the Eastern or Oriental Churches, particularly in southeastern Europe and the Levant. They recognize the authority of the Pope, and teach the same doctrine and have the same polity as the Roman Catholic Church, but differ from it in some matters of discipline, and use their own languages, as Greek, Syriac, Slavonic, Armenian, etc., in the liturgy. Among them are the Maronite, the Greek Catholic or United Greek, and Slavonic Catholic Churches, all of which are branches of the Roman Catholic Church and are included in its statistics.

The growth of the church is indicated by the increase in its membership, the development of its dioceses, and its councils and congresses.

In 1807 about 80 churches were reported, and a Catholic popu- lation of 150,000. Since that date a number of estimates have been made by different historians, some of them differing very widely. Thus Prof. A. J. Schemm gives the total Roman Catholic population in 1860 as 4,500,000, while John Gilmary Shea estimates it at 3,000,- 000. The 1916 U. S. census gives 15,721,815 as Roman Catholic population.

The first diocese was that of Baltimore, erected in 1789, fol- lowed by New Orleans in 1793. In 1808 Baltimore was made an archdiocese, and the dioceses of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia were erected. Others followed: Charleston, S. C., 1820; Cincinnati and Richmond, 1821; St. Louis, 1826; Mobile, 1829; Detroit, 1833; Indianapolis, 1834; Dubuque, Nashville and Natchez, 1837; Chicago, Hartford, Little Rock, Milwaukee, and Pittsburgh, 1843 ; Oregon City, 1846. In 1847 St. Louis, in turn, became an archdiocese, and three years later Cincinnati, New York, New Orleans, and Oregon City

226 Year Book of the Churches

were elevated into provinces, while other dioceses were formed — Al- bany, Buffalo, Cleveland, and Galveston in 1847, and St. Paul, Santa Fe, Monterey and Los Angeles, Nesqually (Seattle), Savannah, and Wheeling, in 1850. In 1853 San Francisco was established as an archdiocese, and m 1875 the diocese of Philadelphia, Santa Fe, Bos- ton, and Milwaukee became archdioceses. Among other archdioceses formed have been those of Chicago in 1880, St. Paul in 1888, and Dubuque in 1893.

Three plenary or national councils have been held in Baltimore, in 1852, in 1866, and in 1884. The Catholic laymen have held two congresses, one in Baltimore in 1889, in conjunction with the cen- tennial of the establishment of the hierarchy in the United States, and another in Chicago in 1893. Other items of interest are the promotion to the cardinalate of Archbishop McCloskey of New York, m 1875, and of Archbishop Gibbons of Baltimore, in 1886; the estab- lishment of the Catholic University of America at Washington, D. C., by the decree of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore (1884), and the establishment of the apostolic delegation at Washington, in 1893.

Doctrine

The Roman Catholic Church bases its doctrines upon the Canon- ical Books of the Sacred Scriptures, explaining and supplementing them by tradition expressed in written documents, the more impor- tant of which are the dogmatic definitions issued either by an Ecu- menical or General Council, or by the Pope speaking "ex Cathedra," or as Head of the Church. Such definitions are not considered as constituting or establishing new doctrines, but only as official state- ments that the particular doctrine was revealed by God, and is con- tained m the "Depositum Fidei," or Sacred Depository of Faith of the Church.

The Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed, and the Athanasian Creed are regarded as containing the essential truths accepted by the church. A general formula of doctrine is presented in the "profession of faith/7 to which assent must be given by those who join the church. It includes the rejection of all such doctrines as have been declared by the church to be wrong, a promise of obedience to the church's authority in matters of faith, and acceptance of the following state- ment of belief:

One only God, in three divine Persons, distinct form, and equal to each other — that is to say, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.

The Catholic doctrine of the Incarnation, Passion, Death, and Resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ; and the personal union of the two Natures, the divine and the human; the divine Maternity of the most holy Mary, together with her most spotless Virginity;

The true, real, and substantial presence of the Body and Blood, together with the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the most holy Sacrament of the Eucharist;

The seven Sacraments instituted by Jesus Christ for the salva- tion of mankind; that is to say, Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Orders, Matrimony;

Purgatory, the Resurrection of the Dead, Everlasting Life;

The Primacy, not only of honor, but also of jurisdiction, of the Roman Pontiff, successor of St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles, Vicar of Jesus Christ; the veneration of the Saints and of their images; the authority of the Apostolic and Ecclesiastical Traditions, and of the Holy Scriptures, which we must interpret, and understand, only in the sense which our holy mother the Catholic Church has held, and does hold; and everything else that has been defined, and declared

Directory of Religious Bodies 227

by the sacred Canons, and by the General Councils, and particularly by the holy Council of Trent, and delivered, defined, and declared by the General Council of the Vatican especially concerning the Primacy of the Koman Pontiff, and his infallible teaching authority.

The sacrament of baptism is administered to infants or adults by pouring, and "cleanses from original sin." Confirmation is the sacrament through which "the Holy Spirit is received" by the laying on of hands of the bishop, and the anointing with the holy chrism in the form of a cross. The Eucharist is "the sacrament which con- tains the body and blood, soul and divinity, of the Lord Jesus Christ, under the appearance of bread and wine." It is usually to be re- ceived fasting, and is given to the laity only in one kind, the form of bread. Penance is a sacrament in which the sins committed after baptism are forgiven. Extreme unction is a sacrament in which the sick who are in danger of death receive spiritual succor by the anoint- ing with holy oil and the prayers of the priest. The sacrament of orders, or holy orders, is that by which bishops, priests, and other ministers of the church are ordained and receive power and grace to perform their sacred duties. The sacrament of matrimony is the sacrament which unites a Christian man and woman in lawful mar- riage, and such marriage "can not be dissolved by any human power."

The chief commandments of the church are: To hear mass on Sundays and holy days of obligation; to fast and abstain from meat on the days appointed; to confess at least once a year; to receive the Holy Eucharist during Easter time; to contribute toward the sup- port of pastors, and to observe the regulations in regard to marriage.

Polity

The organization of the Roman Catholic Church centers in the Bishop of Rome as Pope, and his authority is supreme in matters of faith and in the conduct of the affairs of the church. Next to the Pope is the College of Cardinals, who act as his advisers and as heads or members of various commissions called Congregations, which are charged with the general administration of the church. These never exceed 70 in number, and are of three orders : Cardinal deacons, cardinal priests, and cardinal bishops. These terms do not indicate their jurisdietional standing, but only their position in the cardinalate. With, few exceptions the cardinal priests are archbishops or bishops, and the cardinal deacons are generally priests. In case of the death of the Pope the cardinals elect his successor, authority meanwhile being vested in the body of cardinals. Most of the cardinals reside in Kome, and their active duties are chiefly in connection with the various congregations or commissions which have the care of the different departments of church activity.

THE SALVATION ABKEY

National Headquarters: 122 "W. 14th St., New York City. Commander United States Forces, Miss Evangeline C. Booth; Nat. Sec., Colonel Walter F. Jenkins; Nail. Auditor and Fin. Sec., Colonel G. S. Eeinhardsen ; Nail. Spiritual Special, Colonel Samuel L. Brengle.

Eastern Territory: 122 W. 14th St., New York City.

The Territorial Headquarters Staff: Commissioner, Thomas Estill; Chief Sec:y Colonel Eichard E. Hok; Field Sec., Colonel Alex. M. Damon; Fin. Sec., Brig. Wm. C. Arnold; Prop. Sec., Major V. E. Post; Editor-in-Chief, Lieut-Colonel Eobert Sand-

228 Year Book of the Churches

all; Young People's Sec , Brig. "Win. F. Palmer; Campaign Sec., Lieut.-Colonel Albert Kimball ; Bureau of Information, Statistics and Inspection, Colonel John E. Margetts; Principal of the Training College, Colonel Charles Miles ; Trade Sec , Brig. Sam- son Hodges; Men's Social Sec, Colonel Edward J. Parker; Women's Social Sec., Colonel Margaret Bovill

Central Territory : 713-719 N. State St , Chicago, 111. The Territorial Headquarters Staff- Commissioner, "William Peart , Chief Sec , Colonel Sidney Gauntlett , Field Sec , Colonel John T. Fyrni ; Fin. Sec , Brig. Frank K. Robertson , Pro. Sec, Brig John E. Wiseman; "Young People's Sec, Brig- Walter Peacock; Editor-in-Chief, Lieut -Col. Fletcher Agnew; Publicity and Special Efforts Dept., Staff Captain A. E. Mar- purg; Territorial Traveling Special, Lieut.-Colonel J. C. Addie; Central Men's Social Prisons and Charity Department, Brig. David Miller; Women's Social Dept., Brig Amish Powden ; Prin- cipal of the Traveling College, Colonel Alfred A. Chandler. Western Territory : 115 Valencia St , San Francisco, Calif.

The Territorial Headquarters Staff: Lieut. Commissioner, Adam Gifford ; Chief Sec., Colonel "W. J. Barnard Turner ; Field Sec., Brig. William Guard, Fin. Sec, Lieut-Col "William J. Dart; Auditor, Brig Albert Widgery; Territorial Young Peo- ple's Sec., Colonel J. W. Cousins; Prop, and Campaign Sec, Colonel T. Scott; Editor, Lieut-Colonel A. B. Pebbles; Revivalist, Lieut.-Colonel George H. Davis; Staff Records and Statistics, Major Bessie Smith; Sec. for Trade Dept., Staff Capt. Arthur Armstrong; Men's Social Sec., Lieut.-Colonel Emil Mar- eussen; Women's Social Sec., Major Sophia Harris; Principal of the Western Training College, Lieut.-Colonel Andrew Craw- ford.

Training Schools

Name Location Principal

Training College . .. .New York City Colonel Charles Miles.

(Men and Women) Training College Chicago, 111 Colonel Alfred A Chandler.

(Men and Women) Training College San Francisco, Calif Lt.-Col. Andrew Crawford.

(Men and Women)

Periodicals

Eastern Territory — War Cry (weekly) ; Stride Ropet (weekly) ; Young Soldier (weekly) ; Social News (monthly) ; Local Officers9 Counsellor (monthly), 120 W. 14th St., New York, Editor, Lieut.- Col. Eobert Sandall.

Central Territory — War Cry, and Young Soldier (weekly), 108 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111., Editor, Lieut-CoL Fletcher Agnew.

Western Territory — War Cry, and Young Soldier (weekly), 115 Valencia St., San Francisco, Calif., Editor, Lieut.-Col. A. B, Pebbles.

History

William Booth, a minister of the English body known as the "New Connexion Methodists," was from his earliest preaching, which began when he was 16 years of age, deeply impressed with the fact that an important percentage of the crowds which filled the

Directory of Religious Bodies 229

towns and cities of England lay outside the influence of the churches. In an effort to reach these people, he inaugurated a series of open- air meetings in London, holding the first on July 5, 1865. As the attendance increased, the meetings were held in a tent, and after- wards m a theater. The movement became known as the East End Mission, and later as the Christian Mission. For 13 years little attention was drawn to it, but a far-reaching revival took place, and as a result the crowds increased, the interest extended, and evan- gelists were sent out in different directions. One of these evangelists, working m a seaport, was spoken of as "Captain/' in order to at- tract the sailors who had come into port. On the coming of Mr. Booth, a visit was announced as from the "General." The secretary in preparing the annual report wrote, "The Christian Mission Is a Volunteer Army." Mr. Booth glanced over the secretary's shoulder, took up the pen, erased the word "volunteer" and wrote in "salva- tion." The title "Salvation Army" was at once accepted as the most appropriate that could be devised for the special undertaking, which, as they phrased it, was an effort "to destroy the fortresses of sin in the various communities." In the early years of the work, the founder, General William Booth, with whom his wife, Catherine Booth, was always most intimately associated, looked upon the army as primarily supplementary to the churches, but as it enlarged it de- veloped into a distinctive movement with a people of its own.

From the beginning, efforts were made to care for the physical needs of the destitute, soup kitchens being the first institutions es- tablished for relief. Experiments of various kinds were made, and out of these grew the scheme developed in "Darkest England and the Way out," which outlined a plan of social redemption for what came to be known as the "Submerged Tenth," under three divisions: City colonies, land colonies, and oversea colonies. In the carrying out of its schemes, however, the army has always been elastic, expansive, and progressive, adapting itself easily to new conditions, and enter- ing new fields as need was manifest.

Although the movement originated in England, it extended rap- idly into other countries, not so much through the plans of its found- ers as through circumstances. English converts, finding homes in the United States, Canada, Australia, and other distant lands, began work according to the methods of the army and followed their efforts by urging the General to send them trained leaders from the inter- national headquarters in London. The first country thus entered was France, followed by the United States, in 1881. Notwithstand- ing considerable opposition, the movement spread rapidly all over the country, until it has become one of the most prominent forces in work of this character.

Doctrine

The Salvation Army has a creed, but gives little attention to the discussion of doctrinal differences. It is in general strongly Arminian rather than Calvinistic. The special features emphasized are: Be- lief in the ruinous effects of sin, and the ample provision" made for entire deliverance from its power by the salvation of God. In its attitude toward the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper it is neutral, acting in harmony with the followers of George Fox in regarding the sacraments that save as spiritual. Admission to its membership is not founded upon any acceptance of creed alone, but is based upon the most solemn pledges to Christian and humane con- duct, including total abstinence from intoxicating liquors and all harmful drugs. The pledges are known as the "Articles of War," and must be signed by every soldier.

230 Year Book of the Churches

Polity

The government of the Salvation Army is military in charac- ter, but sufficiently democratic to include within its ranks persons of every social grade. Its lower officers may be promoted to high commands, and thus it is believed the usual dangers which threaten a hierarchy are avoided. The ideal of its founder was the parental and patriarchal model, namely, that the officer of higher rank should regard those beneath him as a father regards his children, and thus protect and guide their lives. This spirit controls in general. The commanding: Officer is assisted by local officers who act in the capacity of an advisory board; in addition to these, he is aided, when neces- sary, by officers of various grades and ranks. These officers are com- missioned, after successfully passing through the training given in schools or giving evidence of ability sufficient to qualify them for any work. Mental qualifications are not ignored, although an edu- cational test is not emphasized, and the applicant is urged to improve himself mentally and socially as well as religiously. Soldiers are chiefly persons pursuing their usual avocations during the day and giving their services during the evening, and are not paid. Officers receive their support, but no more, and each corps is expected to meet its own expenses.

The form of worship is elastic, the desire being that, so far as possible, the services be spontaneous, and great liberty is encouraged, although extravagances are frowned upon, and if regarded as dan- gerous are suppressed. These services include open-air meetings, salvation meetings for the conversion of the impenitent, holiness meetings for the deepening of the spiritual life among the soldiers and adherents, junior meetings, and Sunday schools for the conver- sion and training of children.

The international headquarters of the army are in London, but each country has its own organization under the direction of a Com- missioner, who is assisted by responsible officers for provinces and divisions. The local corps is usually commanded by a captain and a lieutenant, assisted by local officers, as a sergeant-major, treasurer, secretary, etc.

SCANDINAVIAN" EVANGELICAL BODIES

GENERAL STATEMENT

The movement away from the State Churches In Sweden, Norway, and Denmark has found expression in the United States in the formation of three bodies: The Swedish Evan- gelical Mission Covenant of America, the Swedish Evangelical Free Chureh (formerly the Free Mission), and the Norwegian- Danish Free Church.

SWEDISH EVANGELICAL MISSION COVENANT

General Conference, annual; last session, Seattle, Wash., June, 1922.

Headquarters : 186 West Lake St, Chicago, 111, Officers: Pres. of Exec. Board, Rev. E. G. Hjerpe; Vice-Pres., Rev. E. A. Skogsberg., Minneapolis, Mirm.; Sec.* Bev. C. V. Bow- man; Vice-Sec., Eev. M. J. Eggan.

Directory of Religious Bodies 231

• College and Theological Seminary Name Location President North Park College and Theological Semi- nary Chicago, 111 D. Nyvall.

Periodicals

Covenant Weekly, Editors, D. Marcelius, Andrew Johnson,4 Sun- day School Friend, Editor, Miss Rosa Sahestrom; Teacher's Com- panion, Editor, Eev. N. Franklin.

History

The great body of the Swedish immigrants were in their own country connected with the State Church of Sweden, and on com- ing to this country identified themselves with the Swedish Augustana Synod in connection with the Lutheran General Council. There are, however, quite a number of churches which represent the results of the great spiritual awakening which visited Sweden in the middle of the nineteenth century, and which corresponded very closely to kindred awakenings in Norway, and to the Pietist movement in Ger- many. The ordained state clergy seemed to some unable to satisfy the deep spiritual needs of the communities, and services were con- ducted by uneducated laymen. This procedure was followed by perse- cution by the State Church, but without avail. Congregations were organized, edifices erected, and a strong spiritual life developed. These congregations were represented, to a considerable degree, in the Swedish immigration to this country and, as the necessity of or- ganization became apparent, two synods were formed, the Ansgarii Synod and the Mission Synod. These were afterwards dissolved, and in their place the Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant of America was formed in 1885.

Doctrine and Polity

In doctrine the Covenant is strictly evangelical, accepting the Bible as the inspired Word of God unto men, the only infallible guide in matters of faith, doctrine, and practice, and His message regard- ing both this life and the life that is to come.

In government, the church is purely congregational. The local churches are associated in state conferences, and in an annual con- ference in which all matters of common interest are considered by the delegates assembled, and important business, such as making ap- propriations for missions and receiving sister churches into fellow- ship, is transacted. The Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant of America has been incorporated in the State of Illinois.

NORWEGIAN-DANISH EVANGELICAL FREE CHURCH ASSOCIATION OP NOETH AMERICA

(Incorporated under the laws of the State of Minnesota.) HEADQUARTERS, Minneapolis, Minn.

Pres., Rev. C. T. Dyrness, 2814 McLean Ave., Chicago, 111. ; Sec., Eev. 0. Thompson, 420 "W. Sarnia St. Winona, Minn.

FOREIGN MISSION: "Scandinavian Missionary Alliance." Treas., Rev. Algath Olsen, 44 N. Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111.

School

Name Locatwn President

Bible Institute and Academy S. Minneapolis, Minn L. J. Pedersen.

Periodicals

Evangelisten (weekly), The Children Evangelist (weekly), 3525 Fullerton Ave., Chicago, Editor, H. F. Josephson.

232 Year Book of the Churches

History

The Norwegian and Danish Free Church movement traces its origin to the spiritual awakening that swept over Norway in the early part of the nineteenth century, and to the conditions which made it necessary for those who were brought under the influence of the movement later to separate from the State Church and organize what were called Free Churches. Similar movements were spreading in other countries, with which the movement from Norway and Denmark has found bonds of fellowship, especially that earlier move- ment in England, which resulted in the founding of the Congrega- tional denomination.

In the latter part of the nineteenth century there was a sufficient number of Norwegian and Danish Free Churches in the United States to organise into two associations, one in the Eastern states and one in the Middle West These associations held bonds of fellow- ship with the Congregational denomination

In the year 1910 representatives of the two associations met in Chicago and organized the Norwegian and Danish Evangelical Free Church Association of North America, still maintaining the Eastern and Western associations as district organizations to look after local work. In the national organization all the churches, represented by delegates, and with their pastors and teachers, meet annually for conference and business.

In doctrine, the association is strictly evangelical, believing the Bible to be the inspired Word of God, and accepting without que& tion its authority in all things. The local churches have the con- gregational form of government.

SWEDISH EVANGELICAL FREE CHURCH

Address Kev Erik A Halleen, 1417 Seventh St., S , Minne- apolis, Minn.

History

At the time of the union of the Swedish Ansgarii Synod and the Mission Synod in 1885, forming the Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant of America, a number of congregations did not share in the consolidation, but united in an organization known as the Swed- ish Evangelical Free Mission, more recently known as the Swedish Evangelical Free Church. The first general conference was held at Boone, Iowa, at which plans were made for work, particularly in Utah.

The Swedish Evangelical Free Church has no written confession of faith, but accepts the Bible as the Word of God and the only perfect rule of faith and practice. Regarding doctrinal questions, such as tbe atonement, baptism, and the holy communion, ministers are at liberty to believe according to their convictions. The qualifica- tions for membership are conversion and a Christian life.

The local congregations are self-governing. An annual confer- ence is held, to which the local congregations send delegates, and at which regulations are made concerning charitable institutions, schools, etc.; but these regulations are advisory in character, and the congre- gations are privileged either to accept or to reject them. In addi- tion to the conference there is a society of ministers and mission- aries, organized in 1894, which has for its object the supervision of doctrine and conduct, the reception of worthy candidates, and the rejection of those who are unworthy.

Directory of Religious Bodies 233

SOHWENKFELDERS

General Conference, semi-annual; meets third Saturday of May and October.

Headquarters • Norristown, Pa.

Officers: Mod., John H. Sdraltz, Norristown, Pa ; Sec., S. K. Brecht, Eagle Road, Manoa, Pa.; Treas., Amos S. Anders, Norristown, Pa.

BOARD OF PUBLICATION. Pres., Edwin K Schultz, Boyertown, Pa.; Sec., Rev. 0. S. Kriebel, Pennsburg, Pa.

BOARD OP HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS. Pres., John H. Schultz, Norristown, Pa.; See., Rev. H. K. Heebner, Philadelphia, Pa.

BOARD OF MANAGERS OF THE CHARITY FUND. Pres., William H. Anders, Lansdale, Pa., R. D.; Sec., Wayne C. Meschter, Philadel- phia, Pa.

School

Name Location Principal

Perkiomen School Pennsburg, Pa . . . . 0. S. Kriebel

Periodical

The Schwenkfeldian (monthly), Editor, S. K. Brecht, Eagle Road, Manoa, Pa.

History

Among the early enthusiastic advocates of the Reformation was Kaspar von Schwenkfeld, a councilor at the court of the Duke of Liegnitz in Silesia. At the time of Luther's manifesto he was a young man, 25 years of age, and threw himself into the new move- ment with energy. Although never ordained as a clergyman, he took a prominent part in religious work, and it was mainly through his eiforts that the Reformation gained a stronghold in Silesia. He was, however, independent in his thinking, and developed certain lines of belief which were not acceptable to other reformers.

Strongly opposed to the formation of a church, he did no more than gather congregations, and was compelled to flee from one place to another to escape persecution, until he died in Ulxn in 1561. After his death, under the conditions of the times, any ecclesiastical organi- zation of his followers was impracticable, although meetings and occasional conferences were held in Silesia, Switzerland, and Italy.

Early in the eighteenth century the question arose of emigration to America, and in September, 1734, about 200 persons landed at Philadelphia. Allegiance to the civil authorities having been pledged on September 23, they devoted the next day to thanksgiving for their deliverance from oppression, and they have continued to celebrate it as a memorial day ever since. Unable to secure land as they desired for a distinct community, they obtained homes in Montgomery, Bucks, Berks, and Lehigh Counties, Pa., where the greater number of their descendants are now to be found. The character of their early life in this country is indicated by their literary and doctrinal activities, the adoption of a school system in 1764, and the establishment of a charity fund in 1774, through which they have since cared for the unfortunate members of the community.

Toward the close of the Revolutionary War it became evident that a closer church organization was necessary, and one was formed and a constitution adopted in 1782. In common with the Quakers, Mennonites, and other kindred bodies, they gave their testimony against war, secret societies, and the taking of oaths. More recently a responsiveness to modern influences, has taken the place of their early clannish exclusiveness ; all rules and regulations against secret

234 Year Book of the Churches

societies have been dropped; the participation in war has been left to the individual conscience; and, in the war with Germany, not only was no exemption asked on the ground of religious belief but a con- siderable number of the young men entered the national service.

The establishment of the Perkiomen School has had a marked effect in increasing the number of college graduates in the churches and the general interest in higher education. As a result, they have gained in strength and in numbers.

Doctrine

The church holds that theology should be constructed from the Bible alone, but affirms that the Scriptures are dead without the indwelling Word. Christ's divinity, it is held, was progressive, His human nature partaking more and more of the divine nature with- out losing its identity. They believe that an absolute change through faith and regeneration, and subsequent spiritual growth, are primary essentials to salvation, but that justification by faith should not ob- scure the positive righteousness imparted by Christ, imitation of whom is the fundamental feature of the Christian life. The Lord's Supper, symbolic of both His humanity and His divinity, is regarded as a means of spiritual nourishment without any change in the ele- ments, such as is implied in consubstantiation or transubstantiation. They look upon infant baptism as not apostolic, and the mode of baptism as of no consequence.

The Christian Church islield to be unity, whose discipline should be rigorous, and whose members should be those who give experi- mental evidence of regeneration, and who pass a satisfactory exam- ination in the doctrines and customs of the church. The activity of the laity is considered to fulfill the doctrine of the Christian priest- hood. The right of the state to force the conscience of the citizen is denied.

Polity

The only officers are ministers, deacons, and trustees, who are elected and ordained by the local churches; the ministers for an un- limited period, the deacons for a term of three years, or until their successors are chosen, and the trustees annually. The public worship is simple and flexible as to time and manner.

Tne members of the local churches meet in a district confer- ence at least once a year. The district conferences are members of the General Conference, in which all church members have equal rights and privileges without distinction of sex. The General Con- ference has original and appellate jurisdiction in all matters relating to the Schwenkfelder Church. It elects the members of the mission board, the trustees of Perkiomen School, and the members of the board of publication.

SOCIAL BRETHREN

Address Rev. F. P. Wilson, Eldorado, 111.

History, Doctrine and Polity

At the close of the Civil War a number of persons who had be- come dissatisfied with certain teachings and practices in the denomi- nations to which they belonged, gathered some congregations in Illi- nois. For about 20 years they continued under a somewhat loose organization, but in 1887 adopted a discipline containing a statement of doctrine and rules for the government of the churches and for the ordination of ministers.

The Confession of Faith, consisting of 10 articles, pronounces against political preaching, declares the right of all lay members to

Directory of Religious Bodies 235

free speech and free suffrage, and recognizes 3 modes of baptism as the applicant may prefer. It rejects infant baptism, however, and accepts only believers as candidates for that rite.

Annual associations are held, composed of ministers and lay dele- gates, and a biennial general assembly, whose membership includes ordained ministers, licensed preachers and exhorters, the general superintendent of Sunday schools, and lay delegates from each as- sociation,

The churches conduct no special mission work, home or foreign, and have no denominational schools or philanthropic institutions.

SOCIETY FOR ETHICAL CULTURE (The American Ethical Union)

Office: 2 West 64th St., New York City.

Leaders: Felix Adler, Horace J. Bridges, Percival Chubb, John L. Elliott, Alfred W. Martin, David S Muzzey, Henry Neumann, George E. ODell, Nathaniel Schmidt, S. Burns "Weston.

Officers : Climn of Exec. Comm., Robert D. Kohn ; Sec. and Editor, David S. Hanchett ; Treas., Alexander M. Bing.

Foreign Secretaries: H. Snell^ London, Eng.; Jean Wagner, Lausanne, Switzerland; "William Boerner, Vienna, Austria.

Periodical The Standard, 2 West 64th Street, New York City.

School

Name Location Superintendent

Ethical Culture School , .. New York City .. Fianklm C. Lewis. Ethical Culture School Brooklyn, N. Y. . Henry Neumann.

Component Societies

New York Society for Ethical Culture, 2 W. 64th St., New York. Philadelphia Society for Ethical Culture, 1324 Spruce St., Phil- adelphia, Pa.

Brooklyn Society for Ethical Culture, 176 S. Oxford St., Brookyln, N. Y.

Chicago Ethical Society, 163 W. Washington St., Chicago, III St. Louis Ethical Society, 3648 Washington Blvd., St. Louis, Mo, Boston Ethical Society, 3 Joy St., Boston, Mass.

History

The New York Society for Ethical Culture was founded by Dr. Felix Adler in 1876. Five similar societies have since been formed, and in 1887 the American Ethical Union was organized, including the societies at that time in existence. The movement has since ex- tended to England, Germany, and other countries, and in 1896 the International Ethical Union was organized.

Doctrine and Polity

The Ethical Societies have no formal expression of doctrine. Their purpose as expressed in the Constitution of the International Union is "to assert the supreme importance of the ethical factor in all the relations of life — personal, social, national and international — apart from any theological or metaphysical considerations."

Each society is autonomous in government.

236 Tear Book of the Churches

TEMPLE SOCIETY (Friends of the Temple)

Address Emil G. Sorg, 535 East Utica Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

History

The Temple Society, also known as "Friends of the Temple," was founded in Wurttemberg, Germany, in 1853, by the Rev. Christo- pher Hoffman. Adherents of the society emigrated to America a few years later, and within 10 years an organization was effected. At present there are 2 local congregations, while a number of sym- pathizers, mostly members of other churches, are scattered over the country.

The Society has no ecclesiastical forms or doctrine. It holds that the sum and substance of the New Testament is the teaching of the Kingdom of God, the essence of which is contained in the words of Jesus, "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God * * * and thy neighbor as thyself," and emphasizes the spiritual development of the kingdom.

Accepting in full the prophecies of the Old Testament in regard to the future of the Holy Land, one great aim of the organization Is the establishment of Christian colonies in the Holy Land. Its er- forts have resulted in six colonies in Palestine.

The Society in Jerusalem is regarded as the chief organization, and its president exercises general supervision over the branches in Germany and America. In the American branch, a general commit- tee, with a presiding elder, keeps up the connection with Jerusalem. The individual churches have preachers and elders, and hold Sun- day preaching services and Sunday schools.

THEOSOPHIOAL SOCIETIES

History

The original Theosophical Society was founded by Mme. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky m New York in 1875,, under the name "Theo- sophical Society." Col. Henry S. Olcott was the first president; William Q. Judge was elected counsel, and Mme. Blavatsky corre- sponding secretary. For some years special attention was given to the education of the members in the Theosophical philosophy, and to the development of the organization both in America and in Europe. In 1879 Mme. Blavatsky and Col. Olcott went to India and established headquarters at Adyar, Madras.

There are three societies in this country — the original Theo- sophical Society, American Section; Theosophical Society in America; and the Universal Brotherhood and Theosophical Society — all tracing their origin as organizations to the original Theosophical Society. There is also in New York an independent organization called the Theosophical Society, New York.

These societies, while varying somewhat in particulars, unite in emphasizing as their principal object the universal brotherhood of humanity, and require sympathy with this object as a condition of admission to membership.

Doctrine

A brief summary of doctrine as accepted by most members of the Theosophical societies follows:

God is infinite and absolute, therefore not to be limited by thought, attribute, or description. Evolution is accepted, but it is only half a law — the other half being involution. Humanity is one great family; all souls are the same m essence, though they differ in degrees

Directory of Religious Bodies 237

of development. Man is essentially a spiritual intelligence inhabiting a soul and a body. By purification and training of the body, the emotions, and the mind, the latent divine powers will develop and become active. Man is composed of seven principles which are grouped as a lower or mortal nature — constituting his personality — and a higher or immortal nature. Death is the dissolution of the mortal principles followed by the absorption of their experiences by the higher or universal principles. Heaven is the state of bliss and rest attained by the threefold higher nature of spirit, intuition, and mind. Reincarnation is the return of the higher nature to physical life, after having enjoyed its rest; it must not be confused with the ignorant and impossible idea of the transmigration of human souls into animal bodies. Karma is the action and interaction between desire and mind, the law of balance, of action and reaction, of effect inevitably connected with preceding cause; applied to man, it is a moral law of unerring justice, to which all other laws, physical or otherwise, are subservient. Karma is inseparable from reincarnation; Karma is the cause, reincarnation the effect.

THE THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

Organized, 1875.

Annual Convention, meets last Saturday in April. Sec., Miss Isabel E. Perkins, P. 0 Box 64, Station 0, New York City.

Periodical

Theosophical Quarterly, P. 0. Box 64, Station 0, New York City.

THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, AMERICAN SECTION

Organized 1895.

Annual Convention , next meeting at Chicago, 111., July, 1923. Headquarters: 826 Oakdale Ave., Chicago, 111. Officers: National Pres., L. W. Rogers ; National Sec., Miss Clara Linder.

ORDER OF THE STAR IN THE EAST. In preparation of the coming of the Christ.

Schools

Name Location Dean or Principal

School of the Open Gate Los Angeles, Calif . .Julia K. Sommer, B. Sc.

Periodical The Messenger, Chicago, 111.

UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD AND THEOSOPHICAL

SOCIETY

Organized 1875. Keorganized, 1898.

International headquarters: Point Lonia, Calif.

Officers : Leader, Katherine Tingley ; Sec., Joseph H. Fussell

University and School Name Location Secretary

Theosophical University .. .Point Loma, Calif Clark Thurston.

Raja Yoga College Point Loma, Calif Gertrude "W. Van Pelt

288 Year Book of the Churches

Periodicals

Theosophical Path (monthly), Editor, Katherine Tingley; The Raja Yoga Messenger (bi-monthly); The New Way (monthly).

THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY (INDEPENDENT) NEW YORK

Organized 1899 -

Officers : Pres , Harold W. Percival, 1580 Amsterdam Ave., New York City; See., Benoni B Gattell, 1580 Amsterdam Ave., New York City.

UNITARIAN CHURCHES

General Conference of Unitarian and other Christian Churches ; meets biennially.

Officers: Pres., Hon. Wiliam H. Taft; Gen. Sec., Rev. Pal- frey Perkins, Weston, Mass., Treas, Percy A. Atherton, 30 State St., Boston, Mass.

THE AMERICAN UNITARIAN ASSOCIATION is the executive organiza- tion; Unitarian Bldg., 25 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Pres., Rev. Sam- uel A. Eliot; Sec., Rev. Louis C. Cornish; Treas., Henry M. Williams. Asst Sec. and Publication Agent, W, Forbes Robertson.

BRANCH OFFICES, 299 Madison Ave., New York City; 105 Dear- born St., Chicago, 111; 760 Market St., San Francisco, Calif.

DEPARTMENT OF CHURCH EXTENSION. Sec, Rev. Mmot Simons; Field Sees, Rev. W. Charming Brown, Carl B. Wetherell, San Fran- cisco, Calif, ; Rev. Walter R. Hunt, New York City.

DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION. Sec., Rev. Wm. I. Law- rence, 16 Beacon St , Boston, Mass.; Asso. Sec, Rev. E. F. Fairley, 299 Madison Ave., New York City.

ALLIANCE OF UNITARIAN AND OTHER LIBERAL CHRISTIAN WOMEN. Pres, Miss Lucy Lowell; Rec. Sec., Mrs C. S. Atherton, 25 Beacon St., Boston, Mass ; Treas., Miss Louise Brown.

YOUNG PEOPLE'S RELIGIOUS UNION. Pres. of Exec. Board, Albert A. Pollard; Sec., Miss Margaret Aborn, 25 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.; Tieas., Arthur G. White.

UNITARIAN LAYMEN'S LEAGUE. Pres., Charles H. Strong; Sec., Wm. L Barnard, 7 Park Square, Boston, Mass.; Treas., Henry D. Sharpe.

UNITARIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Pres., Rev. Henry W. Foote; Sec. and Librarian, Julius H. Tuttle.

UNITARIAN TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. Pres., Rev. William L. Walsh; Sec., Rev. L, V. Rutledge; Treas., Seymour H. Stone.

SOCIAL SERVICE COUNCIL OF UNITARIAN WOMEN. Pres., Mrs. George H. Root; Cor. Sec., Miss Frances A. Austin, 128 Neponset Ave., Dorchester, Mass.; Treas., Mrs. Arthur G. Robbins.

SOCIETY FOR MINISTERIAL RELIEF. Pres., Prof. F. G. Peabody; Sec., Rev. Roderick Stebbins, Milton, Mass.; Treas., Stephen W. Phillips.

SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Pres., Rev. Howard N. Brown; Sec., Rev. Fred R. Lewis, North Easton, Mass.; Treas., George R. Blinn.

SOCIETY FOR PROPAGATING THE GOSPEL AMONG THE INDIANS AND OTHERS IN NORTH AMERICA. Pres., Rev. James H. Ropes; Vice-Pres., Prof. F. G. Peabody; Sec., Rev. Charles E. Park, Boston, Mass.; Treas., H. W. Cunningham.

UNITARIAN SERVICE PENSION SOCIETY. Pres., Hon. James P. Par- menter; Sec., Rev. Robert S. Lormg, Milwaukee, Wis.; Treas., Rev. H. G. Arnold.

Directory of Religious Bodies 239

Theological Seminaries

Name Location President

Divinity School of Harvard Uni- versity Cambridge, Mass. . . . Abbott Lawrence Lowell.

The Meadville Theological School .. Mead ville, Pa Franklin C. Southworth

Pacific Unitarian School for the Ministry .. Berkeley, Calif Earl M. Wilbur.

Periodicals

Christian Register (weekly), Boston, Mass,, Editor, Rev. A. C. Dieffenbach; The Beacon (weekly), children's paper, Boston, Mass.; The Pacific Unitarian (monthly), San Francisco, Calif., Editor, Charles A. Murdock; Unitarian Word and Work (monthly), Boston, Mass.

History

Unitarianism may be defined in the most general terms as the religious doctrine of those holding belief in one God in one person (as distinguished from the Trinitarian belief in one God in three persons) and the related belief in the strict humanity of Jesus (as contrasted with the belief in His Diety) . While Unitarians affirm that these beliefs were held in the first Christian centuries, before ever the Trinitarian dogmas were developed, yet the Unitananism of today originated historically in the first half century of the Protestant Reformation. In one form or another it was espoused in the six- teenth century by a number of Anabaptist leaders and by numerous independent thinkers in Italy or Switzerland. Its most influential leaders on the Continent, where it was variously known as A nanism, Sociniamsm, or Unitarianism, were Michael Servetus in Switzerland, Faustus Socmus in Poland, and Francis David m Transylvania.

In England Unitarianism gradually developed during the eight- eenth century, largely under Socinian influences, and chiefly among the Presbyterian churches, though there were also important acces- sions from other religious bodies. While such men as Newton, Locke, Milton, and Penn in the seventeenth century are known to have held Unitarian views, no movement toward a distinct denomination began till late in the eighteenth century; and the most distinguished leaders of Unitarianism since its separate organization have been Joseph Priestly, Theophilus Lindsey, and James Martineau.

In America Unitarianism developed out of New England Congre- gationalism, whose churches had as a rule left the way open for doctrinal changes, by requiring members upon joining the church simply to join in a covenant, rather than to subscribe to a creed. Thus many of the Congregational churches of eastern Massa- chusetts, including most of the oldest and most important ones, grad- ually moved far toward Unitarian beliefs in the second half of the eighteenth century, though the first church distinctly to avow such beliefs was the Episcopal King's Chapel at Boston, in 1785. These churches preferred to call themselves simply Liberal Christians, and the name Unitarian was only slowly and reluctantly accepted. The formation of a new denomination out of the liberal wing of the Congregational Church was a gradual process, which went on in one congregation after another. The cleavage was hastened by the elec- tion of Henry Ware, a liberal, as Professor of Theology at Harvard University in 1805, in spite of orthodox protests, and by the fastening of the name Unitarian upon the liberals by the conservatives in 1815, after which the former were more and more refused religious fellow- ship by the latter, who desired thus to exclude them from the denom- ination. At length, in 1819, William Ellery Channing, of Boston, acknowledged leader of the liberals, preached at Baltimore an ordina- tion sermon which defined and defended the views held by Unitarians and was thenceforth accepted by them as their platform.

240 Year Book of the Churches

In 1825 the Amercan Unitarian Association was formed to do aggressive missionary work and to promote the interests of the churches concerned, and thus the new^ denomination became organ- ized separately. The Unitarians of this period were much averse to fostering sectarian spirit. They had been only loosely welded to- gether, and their own fundamental principles were not clearly set- tled; so that for nearly 40 years the denomination was stagnant and was divided and weakened by internal controversy centering mainly about the question of miracles. But by the end of the Civil War this controversy had been largely outgrown; a national conference was organized m 1865, and a period of rapid extension and of aggressive denominational life ensued, which has continued to the present time. For a generation past emphasis has been laid much less upon doc- trinal points than upon personal religion, moral advancement, and civic and social reform.

Doctrine

The Unitarians have never adopted a creed and do not require of members or ministers profession of a particular doctrine.

The constitution of the General Conference states simply that "These churches accept the religion of Jesus, holding in accordance with His teaching that practical religion is summed up in love to God and love to man." The declared object of the American Uni- tarian Association is "to diffuse the knowledge and promote the in- terests of pure Christianity." And the covenant most generally used in local churches reads: "In the love of truth and in the spirit of Jesus, we unite for the worship of God and the service of man."

The most distinguishing marks of Unitananism today are its in- sistence upon absolute freedom in belief, its reliance upon the su- preme guidance of reason, its tolerance of difference in religious opinion, its devotion to education and philanthropy, and its em- phasis upon character, as the principles of fundamental importance in religion. There is, however, a general consensus upon the uniper- sonahty of God, the strict humanity of Jesus, the essential dignity and perfectibility of human nature, the natural character of the Bible, and the hope for the ultimate salvation of all souls in distinc- tion from the views traditionally taught on these points.

Pohty

The Unitarians are congregational in polity, each congregation being entirely independent of all the others. But for purposes of fellowship, mutual counsel, and the promotion of common ends, they unite in local or state conferences, in a General Conference meeting biennially, and in an international congress formed "to open com- munication with those in all lands who are striving to unite pure religion and perfect liberty, and to increase fellowship and coopera- tion among them." Besides the national missionary organization, the American Unitarian Association, with headquarters at Boston, and offices at New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, other national organizations include the Alliance of Unitarian Women, the Uni- tarian Sunday School Society, the Young People's Eeligious Union, the Laymen's League, the Unitarian Temperance Society, etc.

UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST

General Conference, quadrennial, next session, 1925.

Thirty-one Annual Conferences.

Headquarters: United Brethren Bldg., Dayton, Ohio.

Directory of Religious Bodies 241

Officers : Pres , Board of Administration, Bishop William M. Bell; Exec. Sec , S. S. Hough; Gen. Treas., L. 0. Miller.

Bishops

W. M. Bell, 1509 State St., Harrisburg, Pa. H. H. Font, 945 Middle Drive, Woodruif PL, Indianapolis, Ind. C. J. Kephart, 3936 Harrison Ave., Kansas City, Mo. W. H. Washinger, 686 E. Taylor St., Portland, Ore. A. E. Clippinger, 1602 Grand Avenue, Dayton, Ohio. W. M. WeeMey (emeritus), 1038 Murdock Ave., Parkersburg, W. Va.

FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Pres., Bishop W. M. Bell; Gen. Sec., Rev. S. G. Ziegler; Treas., L. 0. Miller; Special Support Sec., Mrs. J. Hal Smith.

HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Pres., Bishop H. H. Fout; Gen. Sec., Rev. P. M. Camp; Sec. of Ed. Dept., Miss L. B. Wiggin; Treas., L. 0. Miller.

CHURCH ERECTION SOCIETY. Sec., Rev. A. C. Siddall.

WOMAN'S MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION. Pres., Mrs. L. R. Harford, 1550 Georgia Ave., Omaha, Nebr.; Gen. Sec. and Treas., Miss Alice Bell.

BOARD OF CONTROL OF SUNDAY SCHOOL, BROTHERHOOD, AND YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK. Pres., Bishop A. R. Clippinger; Gen. Sec. Sunday School and Brotherhood Work, Rev. Charles W. Brewbaker; Supt. Elementary Division, Miss Ida M. Koontz; Gen. Sec. Young People's Work, Rev. O. T. Deever.

COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM. Pres., Bishop H. H. Font; Gen. Sec., Rev. J. E. Shannon.

BOARD OF EDUCATION. Pres., Bishop C. J. Kephart; Gen. See., Rev. William E. Schell; Treas., L. 0. Miller.

UNITED BRETHREN PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT. Agt., Rev. W. R. Funk.

Colleges Name Location President or Dean

Indiana Central College .. . University Heights, Ind I. J Good.

Kansas City University Kansas City, Kans. J. C. Williams.

Lebanon Valley College Annville, Pa G D. Gossard

Otterbem College Westerville, Ohio W. G. Clippinger

Philomath College Philomath, Oreg H. D. Boughter.

York College York, Neb W. O. Jones.

Shenandoah Institute Dayton, Va ..... .. .D. T. Gregory

Theological Seminary Bonebrake Theological Seminary. Day ton, Ohio . .A. T. Howard.

Periodicals

Religious Telescope, Editors, Eev. J. M. Phillippi, Kev. W. E. Snyder; Watchword, Editor, Eev. H. F. Shupe; Friend of Boys and Girls, Editors, Rev. W. 0. Fries and Rev. J. W. Owen; Evangel, Edi- tor, Miss Alice Bell.

History

Among the serious conditions facing the German Reformed churches in America in the early part of the eighteenth century were the lack of organization and especially the dearth of ministers. There were as yet no training schools in this country, and they were com- pelled to look to the Old World for their ministerial supply. The re- sult was that they were not always provided for, and it was difficult to secure ministers of the best type. The Methodist movement in England and the Pietist movement in Germany were becoming prom-

242 Year Book of the Churches

inent, but had not extended to any great degree through the churches, and the tone of spiritual life was low.

There were indeed earnest workers, but the general condition was deplorable. Appeals were made to the churches of the Palati- nate, but they recognized their inability to meet the need and applied to the Classis of Amsterdam, which had already given assistance to the Dutch Reformed churches in New York. In accordance with this appeal, in 1746, the Rev. Michael Schlatter, a Swiss by birth, was sent as a missionary to the German Reformed churches in Pennsylvania, although under the general direction of the Synod of Holland. In 1751 he returned to Europe to present an appeal for further aid and additional missionaries. Six young men responded to his presenta- tion of the need in the new colonies. Among them was Philip William Otterbein, who was born in the duchy of Nassau, Germany, in 1726, and who had already had some experience in pastoral work. The company arrived in New York in July, 1752, and Otterbein soon found a field of labor with the congregation at Lancaster, Pa., at that time the second in importance among the German Reformed churches of the colonies.

A peculiar personal experience, in which he found himself unable to respond to an earnest appeal from one seeking spiritual counsel, led him to a prolonged struggle for a fuller witness to the regener- ating power of the gospel in his personal life. The result was a spiritual transformation, and an insistence upon the necessity of a deeper inward spirituality on the part of his people. This was not always acceptable at that period, barren as it was in spiritual life.

About the same time he came into personal relations with Martin Boehm, a member of the Mennonite community, who had passed through a similar religious experience, and together they conducted evangelistic work among the scattered settlers in Pennsylvania. This again was deemed irregular by Otterbem's fellow ministers, and of- fended the synod to such a degree and aroused such opposition to him that in 1774 he accepted a call to the Baltimore, Md., congrega- tion on an independent basis. For the next fifteen years Otterbein continued his evangelistic labors among the German speaking com- munities, going into the surrounding country and holding two-day "great meetings," in which he became more closely associated with ministers of kindred spirit in other denominations. Under their preaching converts rapidly multiplied, but church organizations were not yet formed, many of the converts uniting with English speaking churches.

In 1789 a meeting of these revivalist preachers was held in Bal- timore, and a confession of faith and rules of discipline were adopted based upon the rules adopted four years before for the government of Otterbein's independent church in Baltimore. During the next decade similar councils were called at irregular intervals, which culminated at a conference held in Frederick County, Md., in 1800, in the forma- tion of a distinct ecclesiastical body under the name of "United Brethren in Christ." Thirteen preachers were in attendance, and Ot- terbein and Boehm were elected bishops, in which office they remained until the death of Boehm in 1812, and of Otterbein in 1813. This new organization was in no sense a schism from any other body, but a natural development on the part of the German-speaking congrega- tions of that section which were desirous of a fuller evangelistic life.

Bishop Ashbury, of the Methodist Church, and Bishop Otterbein, of the United Brethren, came into close relations and were warm friends, but as the Methodist Church was at that time unwilling to accede to the wishes of the German-speaking communities, and en- courage German-speaking churches, the two bodies remained distinct, and no specific effort to unite the forces was ever made.

Directory of Religious Bodies 243

The fact that those who joined in the new organization repre- sented different forms of church life necessitated mutual conference ind some concessions. Of the 14 ministers at the conference of 1789, ) were of German Reformed antecedents and 5 were Mennonites. The shurch members, however, were more widely distributed. The Re- formed churches practiced infant baptism, but not foot-washing; the Mennonites practiced foot-washing and regarded believers' baptism yy immersion as the only correct form. The result was that each generously conceded to the other freedom to follow personal convic- ions as to the form of baptism, the age of persons baptized and the sbservance of foot-washing.

During the first years of the nineteenth century the movement continued to grow, and many preaching places w»ere established in Ohio and Indiana, and some m Kentucky, but the center of greatest activity was the Miami Valley in Ohio.

The first General Conference was held in 1815, 4 conferences being represented by 14 delegates. This conference arranged and adopted a book of discipline, accepting in general the system agreed upon in the first conference of 1789. The same conference was also significant for its recognition of a change that had been gradually taking place m the use of the English language m the churches. Until this time, almost all the churches had used German in their services, but as they came into closer contact with other religious bodies, the use of English increased, and although many continued their German preaching, English-speaking churches became numer- ous. This change was further recognized by the conference held in 1817, which ordered the confession of faith and the book of discipline to be printed in both German and English.

The church has taken a radical attitude on questions of moral reform, and early placed in its book of discipline a decided declara- tion in condemnation of slavery, which was followed in 1821 by strong prohibitive legislation. In 1841 the distilling, vending, and use of ardent spirits as a beverage was forbidden, as also, the renting or leasing of property for the manufacture or sale of such drinks, the signing of petitions for granting license, or entering as bondsmen for persons engaged in the traffic. *

The last seventy-five years have been characterized by the de- velopment of departments of church activity as Education, Home and Foreign Missions, Church Erection, Sunday School and Young Peo- ple's work, Evangelism, Ministerial Pension Bureau.

The finances of the denomination have been promoted through a budget system with special emphasis on Stewardship, and the giving to the causes of Christ on a weekly system.

Doctrine

In doctrine the church is Arminian. Its confession of faith con- sisting of thirteen brief articles, sets forth the generally accepted view of the Trinity, the authority of the Scriptures, justification and regeneration, the Christian Sabbath, and the future state. Concern- ing the Sacraments, it holds that baptism and the Lord's Supper should be observed by all Christians, but the mode of baptism, the manner of celebrating the Lord's Supper, and the practice of foot- washing should be left to the judgment of each individual. The ques- tion of the baptism of children is left to the choice of parents. Em- phasis is laid upon sanctification, which is described as "the work of God's grace through the Word and the Spirit, by which those who have been born again are separated in their acts, words, and thoughts, from sin, and are enabled to live unto God."

244 Year Book of the Churches

Polity

The polity of the United Brethren is similar to that of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. Although not historically a Methodist branch, they affiliate with Methodist churches, send delegates to the ecumenical Methodist conferences, and also fraternize with other de- nominations. They have classes and class leaders, stewards, exhort- ers, local and itinerant preachers, presiding elders, circuits, and quarterly conferences. The annual conferences are composed of the local and itinerant preachers and of lay delegates representing the churches. The General Conference is composed of ministerial and lay delegates elected by the churches in the respective conferences, and meets once in four years. It has full authority under certain consti- tutional restrictions, to legislate for the whole church and to hear and decide appeals. There is but one order among the ordained preachers, that of elder. Since 1899 it has been lawful to license and ordain women. Bishops are elected by the General Conference for a quadrenmum, and are eligible to reelection. They preside over annual conferences and, in conjunction with a committee of presiding elders and preachers, fix the appointments of the preachers for the ensuing year. Since 1893 the pastoral term is unlimited, so that a preacher may be reassigned annually to the same charge for any number of years.

CHURCH OF THE UNITED BESTHEEN IN CHEIST (Old Constitution)

General Conference, quadrennial.

Twenty-three annual conferences, including one in Canada.

Bishops

F. L. Hoskins, Juhetta, Idaho.

C. A. Mummart, Ubee, Ind.

EL C. Mason, Hillsdale, Mich. * Publishing Agent — J. W. Burton, Huntington, Ind.

Editor of Sunday School and Christian Endeavor Literature — A. B. Bowman, Huntington, Ind.

General Missionary Secretary — J. Howe, Huntington, Ind.

General Secretary of Preacher's Aid — J. L. Buckwalter, Mt. Carroll, 111.

Secretary of Education — D. R. Ellabarger, Ubee, Ind

Secretary of Religious Education — J. E. Harwood, Huntington, Ind.

Secretary of Otterbein Forward Movement — W. E. Musgrave, Huntington, Ind.

PUBLISHING BOARD— C. A. Mummart, F. L. Hoskins, W. C. South, E. C. Mason, B. J. Hazzard, W. R. Lines, W. H. Clay.

MISSIONARY BOARD — Bishop F. L. Hoskins, Bishop C. A. Mum- mart, Bishop H. C. Mason, J. Howe, S. A. Stemen, J. W. Burton, J. E. Harwood, 0. R, Lash, W. H. Zeigler, C. E. Wolverton, Thomas Weyer.

BOARD OF EDUCATION— 0. G. Alwood, A. Hoffman, C. H. Slusher, G. S. Seiple, W. E. Musgrave, E. E. Plumley, A. B. Bowman, U. S. Wertenbarger, B. F. Blubaugh, J. E. Harwood, R. M. Stahl, W. H. Ely, Elmer Clark, H. J. Ickes, B. J. Hazzard, Roscoe Laforge, Wm. Galbraith, C. S. Mumma, Glen G. Gideon, Isaac Whealdon.

GENERAL CHURCH TRUSTEES— F. L. Hoskins, W. H. Clay, Wm. Johnson, J. Howe, H. C. Mason, 0. G. Alwood, C. A. Mummart.

Directory of Religious Bodies 245

OTTERBEIN FORWARD MOVEMENT COUNCIL — Bishop F. L. Hoskins, Bishop C. A. Mummart, Bishop H. C. Mason, Mrs. F. A. Loew, Mrs 0. R. Lash, Mrs. M. A. Durham, D. R Ellabarger, W. E. Musgrave, A. Hoffman, J. W. Burton, 0. G. Alwood, W. R. Lines, B. J. Hazzard, A. B. Bowman, J. E Harwood, Effie M. Hodgeboom, B. K Ely, J. G Connor, George Shepherdson, J. L. Buckwalter, E. C. Mason, W. C. South, W H. Clay, Win. Johnson

SUNDAY SCHOOL BOARD — Bishop C. A. Mummart, J. E. Harwood, A. B. Bowman, J. G Connor, Geoige A. Shepherdson.

U. B. C E. SUPERVISION COMMITTEE — Bishop C A. Mummart, J. E. Harwood, A B Bowman, Effie M Hodgeboom, B K. Ely.

PREACHER'S AID BOARD — Bishop F. L. Hoskins, Bishop C A. Mummart, Bishop H. C. Mason, J. L. Buckwalter, W. H Clay, E C. Mason, W. C. South.

Colleges Name Location President

Albion College Albion, Wash F. L Hoskins

Central College Huntmgton, Ind D R Ellabarger

Philomath College Philomath, Oreg

Periodicals

Ctoistian Conservator (weekly), Editor, Rev. 0. G. Alwood, Huntington, Ind.; Missionary Monthly, Editor, Parent Board Depart- ment, Rev. J. Howe, Huntmgton, Ind.; Editor, Woman's Missionary Association Department, Mrs. P. A. Loew, Huntington, Ind.; Sunday School Publications, Rev. A. B. Bowman, Editor, Huntington, Ind.

History

With the growth of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ as in other denominations, two parties developed — one which held closely to the original constitution, another which sought to change it to meet what they considered the necessity of changed conditions. At the General Conference of 1841, when final steps were taken toward adopting the full constitution, four points were emphasized, which later became objects of special discussion; the slavery question, secret societies, changes in the confession of faith, and changes in the constitution. The slavery question disappeared after the Civil War, but the others came to the front and the last two became specially prominent. In 1885 the General Conference set aside the constitu- tional provisions for change by pronouncing them impracticable, and arranged for another constitution, under the name of amending the constitution. The minority recorded a protest, but the majority pro- ceeded to appoint a commission, which drafted an amended constitu- tion, and presented it for adoption by the society in such a manner as, in the opinion of the minority, insured indorsement, by the indifferent and youthful members. Although less than one-half of the whole society voted, the General Conference of 1889 accepted the results and pronounced the revised constitution in force. The minority chose to remain upon the unamended constitution, holding that the constitu- tion of 1841 was still in force, and that they were the true United Brethren Church, and as such entitled to the church property. In some cases decisions were given by the courts, in others by vote of the congregations, while occasionally property awarded to "one body was purchased by the other. Those days of legal contentions and occa- sional bitter personalities have passed, and a spirit of Christian courtesy now prevails.

Doctrine

In doctrine the church holds to the Trinity, the Deity and hu- manity of Jesus Christ, and an atonement -unlimited as to the pos- sibility of its application. Upon repentance, faith appropriates the

246 Year Book of the Churches

benefits of the atonement to the salvation of the soul, and in this salvation the soul is spiritually baptized into Christ, and becomes a new creature — i. e., is born again — the doctrine upon which the early life of the church was based. A spiritually directed life is held to be a necessity to the maintenance of the regenerate state, and the ordi- nances of baptism and the Lord's Supper are to be observed by all of God's spiritual children, by each in the manner which he deems scrip- turally correct. On moral questions the church holds to the strict interpretation of the early laws on temperance, connection with secret combinations, and participation m aggressive warfare.

Polity

In polity the church is Methodistic, having quarterly, annual, and general conferences on- the same general basis as that of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church. The pastorate is made up of one or more local societies, and the quarterly conference, its governing body, con- sists of the presi ding-elder, pastor, and local officials, and has only administrative powers. The membership of the annual conference includes the licensed and ordained preachers and the lay delegates elected by each pastorate. The General Conference, which is made up of ministerial delegates elected, pro rata, by the annual confer- ences, convenes every four years and is vested with legislative and judicial power, being restricted only by the constitution. As a judi- cial body, it is composed of the bishops of the past quadrennium and of the elders among its members who have stood in the ordained re- lation at least three years.

Candidates for the ministry, recommended by the local church, may be licensed annually by the quarterly conference, and after a year's trial may be received into the annual conference, where, upon completing a prescribed course of study, they become eligible to ordi- nation as elders, the only ordination practiced by the church. No distinction is made as to sex. Official distinctions in the ministry are elective, and for a limited term only. Pastors are appointed by the annual conference for a term of one year, and are eligible for reap- pointment to the same station for five successive terms, and for ad- ditional successive terms only by consent of the annual conference. Presiding elders are elected by the annual conference for a term of one year, and are eligible to unlimited reelection. Bishops are elected by the General Conference for the term of four years, and are eligible to reelection.

UNIVEESALIST CHUBCHES

General Convention, biennial.

Twenty-eight state conventions, 8 state conferences.

General Convention Officers : Pres , Roger S G-aler, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa; Yice-Pres., Richard Billings, Woodstock, Vt. ; Sec., Rev. Roger F. Etz, 176 Newbniy St., Boston, Mass. ; Treas., Joseph B. Horton, Boston, Mass.; Gen. Supt., Rev. J. S. Lowe, 176 Newbury St., Boston, Mass

HEADQUAKTERS, 176 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.; Western Office, 6010 Dorchester Ave., Chicago, 111.

BOAED OP FOKEIGN MISSIONS. Ckmn., Rev. Fred C. Leining, Providence, R. L; Sec., Rev. Roger P. Etz.

GENERAL SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION. Pws., Rev. George E. Huntley; Sec., Carl A. Hempel, Lynn, Mass.

WOMEN'S NATIONAL MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION. Pres.} Mrs. Ethel M. Allen, Columbus, Ohio; Sec, Mrs. W. C. Caldwell, Muncie, Ind.; Treas, Mrs. Emma L. Bush, Boston, Mass.

Directory of Religious Bodies 247

COMMISSION ON PUBLIC WELFARE. Chmn., Rev. Frank Oliver Hail.

COMMISSION ON FOREIGN RELATIONS. Chmn,, Rev. F. A. Bisbee, 176 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.

NATIONAL Y. P. C. U. Pres., Einest C. Jones, Somerville, Mass.; Nat. Sec.-Treas., Louis F. Meslm, 338 Franklin Ave , Brooklyn, N Y.; Director of Young People's Work, Rev. Stanley Manning, 176 New- bury St , Boston, Mass.

UNIVERSALIST COMRADES. Pres., Ralph W. E. Hunt, Portland, Me.; Sec., Fred C. Can*, Providence, R. I.

UNIVERSALIST PUBLISHING HOUSE, 176 Newbury St » Boston, Mass.; 6010 Dorchester Ave., Chicago, 111. Gen Agt , Harold Marshall.

Colleges

Name Location Dean or President

Lombard College Galesburg, 111 Joseph M Tilden.

St. Lawrence University .... Canton, N Y. . Richard E Sykes.

Tufts College Tufts Colleg-e, Mass J A Cousens.

Th eolo gical Seminaries

Canton Theological Seminary . Canton, NY. . . . J. Murray Atwood. Crane Divinity School . .Tufts College, Mass Lee S McCollester.

Ryder Divinity School . .Chicago, 111. Lewis B. Fisher.

Academies

Dean Academy Franklin, Mass. . Arthur W. Pierce.

Goddard Seminary . , Barre, Vt . . R L Davison

Westbrook Seminary . .. .Portland, Me Orlando K. Holhster.

Periodicals

Universahst Leader (weekly), Boston, Mass., Editor, Frederick A. Bisbee ; Universalist Heraldt Atlanta, Ga., Editor, Rev. J. W. Row- lett; Universahst, Carthage, N Y., Editor, Rev. G. D. Walker; On- ward (weekly), Boston, Mass., Editor, Granville Hicks.

History

A distinction should be made between Universalism and the Uni- versalist denomination.

Universalism has been defined as the doctrine or belief that it is the purpose of God through the grace revealed in our Lord Jesus Christ to save every member of the human race from sin. In a more general way, it has been described as the belief that what ought to be will be; that in a sane and beneficent universe the primacy belongs to Truth, Right, Love — the supreme powers; that the logic of this conception of the natural and moral order imperiously compels the conclusion that although all things are not yet under the sway of The Prince of Peace, the definite plan set forth in Him is evident, and the consummation which he embodies and predicts can not be doubted.

Universalism, thus, it is claimed, is as old as Christianity; was taught in the schools of the second and third centuries at Alexandria, Nisibis, Edessa, and Antioch; and was accepted by many of the apos- tolic and church fathers, as Clement of Alexandria, Gregory of Nyssa, Origen, and probably Chrysostom and Jerome.

Those members of the Christian family in whom this thought has become predominant and who hold to the idea that there is a divine order and that it contemplates the final triumph of good over evil in human society, as a whole, and in the history of each individual, are considered Universalists.

The Universalist denomination, however, is of modern origin, is confined mostly to the American continent, and embraces but a por-

248 Year Book of the Churches

tion of those who hold the Universalist belief. It dates from the arrival of the Rev. John Murray, of London, in Good Luck, N. J., in September, 1770, although there were some preachers of the doctrine in the country before that time. Mr. Murray preached at various places in New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts, and societies sprang up in all these states as a result of his ministry. His first regular settlement was at Gloucester, Mass., where a church was built in 1780, but he afterwards removed to Boston.

The earliest movement for denominational organization was made at Oxford, Massachusetts, in 1785, but accomplished little more than to emphasize the need and value of fellowship, although it approved of the name selected by the Universahsts of Gloucester for their church, "The Independent Christian Society, commonly called "Uni- versaiists," and approved also the Charter of Compact as the form of organization for all societies. The second convention, held at Phil- adelphia in 1790, drew up and published the first Universalist profes- sion of faith, consisting of five articles, outlined a plan of church or- ganization, and declared itself to be in favor of the congregational form of polity. Another convention, at Oxford, in 1793, subsequently developed into the Convention of the New England states, then into the Convention of New England and New York, and finally into the present organization, the General Convention.

Among the younger men at the second Oxford convention was Hosea Ballou, who soon became the recognized leader of the move- .merit, and for half a century was its most honored and influential ex- Txm«nt. During his ministry, extending from 1796 to 1852, the 20 or 30 churches increased to 500 distributed over New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, although the greater part were found in New England. It was, however, the era of the propagation of the doctrine, and of ^ the controversies to which that gave rise, and little attention was paid to organization.

About 1869 agitation began for a more coherent organization and a polity better correlated than the spontaneous Congregationalism wnich had developed during the earlier period, and the result was that at the centennial convention of 1870 a plan of organization and a manual of administration were adopted under which the denomination has since been conducted.

Doctrine

The historic doctrinal symbol of the Universalist denomination is the Winchester Profession, adopted at the annual meeting of the General Convention held in Winchester, N. H., in September, 1803.

At the session of the General Convention in Boston, October, 1899, a brief Statement of Essential Principles was adopted and made the condition of fellowship, in the following terms: "The Uni- versal Fatherhood of God; the spiritual authority and leadership of His Son, Jesus Christ; the trustworthiness of the Bible as containing a revelation from God; the certainty of just retribution for sin; the final harmony of all souls with God." The Winchester profession is commended as containing these principles, but neither this nor any other precise form of words, is required as a condition of fellowship, provided always that the principles above stated be professed.

The theology of Universalism, while setting forth the predicates of its conclusion, that all souls are included in the gracious purpose of God to make at last a complete moral harmony, discriminates be- tween belief in a result, and faith in the forces by which the result is to be achieved. It points out and emphasizes the fact that effec- tive faith in final universal salvation must rest on implicit belief in the value and potency of truth, righteousness, and love, witnessed by the free and steadfast use of these great and only means to the de- sired end. The teaching of Jesus, with which His life and works

Directory of Religious Bodies 249

accord, is interpreted as a distinct revelation of these facts and prin- ciples, to wit, that God is the Father of all men; that all men are brethren; that life at the root is spiritual and therefore eternal; that the law of life is righteousness and its motive force is love; that human society, properly conceived, is a natural social and moral unity, or kingdom of heaven; that this life is "the suburb of the life ely- sian"; and that physical death is the necessary prelude to immortal life. Universalism avers that the sinner — "and no man liveth that sinneth not" — can not escape punishment; which is remedial and is meant to vindicate the inflexible righteousness of God and to induce repentance and reformation in His wayward children.

Umversalists are not Trinitarians. The position taken by the Unitarians of Channing's day, and held for a generation or more sub- sequently, would fairly represent the view that has been consistently set forth in Universalist literature and teaching. That view is that Jesus (the Christ) had the same essential spiritual and human nature as other men; but that he was chosen of God to sustain a certain unique relation on the one hand toward God and on the other toward men, by virtue of which he was a revelation of the divine will and character and a sample of the perfected or "full-grown" man. There is, therefore, propriety and accuracy in describing this unique man as a God-man, a divine Son of God, the mediator, or way, between God and men.

Universalists, as a body, are now practically Unitarians, so far as the person, nature, and work of Christ are concerned.

As to the mode of baptism, both immersion and sprinkling are practiced, but usually in Universalist churches the candidate, whether adult or infant, is baptized by the minister placing his hand, which has been previously dipped in the font, on the head of the candidate, and repeating the baptismal formula. In Universalist parishes where a church has been organized the Lord's Supper is regularly observed usually four times a year and all members are expected to participate ; but all others who would like thus to show their loyalty to their Master and cultivate Christian graces are cordially invited to join in the memorial. _ ,.

Polity

The local parish or society is independent in the management of its own temporal affairs and worship, in the choice of officers or of ministers, and in the details of administration. The different parishes within a state are organized into a state convention, consisting of delegates elected by the parishes. Representatives, duly elected by the several state conventions, constitute the General Convention. The state conventions meet annually; the General Convention, biennially.

In order to remain in the fellowship of its own state convention and of the General Convention, the local church must be organized on the common profession of faith, employ a minister in the fellow- ship of the convention, and promise obedience to the laws of the convention. The state conventions have complete control of matters of common interest to the local societies in their territory, but they must administer these affairs according to the laws made by the General Convention, which is the supreme legislative body of the de- nomination.

In the interval between sessions of the General Convention a board of trustees, consisting of 11 members, and including the secre- tary of the Convention, who is its chief administrative officer, adminis- ters the affairs of the denomination, except those which are reserved to the state conventions and the general membership.

In 1898 a system of supervision, including a general superin- tendent and local superintendents in most of the states, was adoptee* and met with general approval. Recently the Sunday school was put

250 \rear Book of the Churches

under the care of the General Convention, and a salaried superinten-

Stetens have committees of fellowship who grant let- Mlowshlp from one rtate to .noth.r; reeav, d«y« <g» «»

' ±^!ra£

c

societies rather than churches, the term "comumcant" or church

,

of requiring subscription to the Winchester Profession orhekt Statement of Essential Principles Most churches have a form of covenant also, in which the members join, but a large freed™ of personal preference as to form of profession and covenant is favored.

THE VOLUNTEERS OF AMERICA

Headquarters 34 W. 28th St , New York City. _

Officers- Pros., Gen. Ballington Booth; Jice-Pres., Maj.-Gen. Edward Fielding; Sec., Col. J. W. Merrill; Treas., Col. W. J.

(Drafts

Chief departments of work: evangelical, helping-hand,

prison, home, hospital.

History

In response to the call of a number of persons deeply Interested, many of them actively engaged, in evangelistic and philanthropic work, Mr. and Mrs. Ballington Booth, already well known as evan- gelists were induced, in the spring of 1896, to form an organization S fee ^Ki?of thi unchurched and the needy. The first public meetings were held in March of that year and almost immedi ately the societv under the name of Volunteers of America, became active in many parts of ^e country. In the following summer the Volunteer PnsonPLeague Branch was organized by Mrs. Booth, with signal suc- cess and in November, 1896, the organization was incorporated under the laws of the state of New York.

From the beginning the organization has been declared to .be an auxiliary of the church, and converts have been advised to unite with churches of their preferance, so that a large growth in membership has neither been expected nor realized. It ha§ also endeavored con- tinually to work along lines that do not conflict with any other re< ligious military society.

Doctrine

In doctrine the Volunteers are in harmony with the evangelical churches on all essential points. Their pnnciples are stated ^ a BooK of Rules, issued by order of the Grand Field Council, and those who make application to join as officers subscribe to^ these doctrines, out- lined in brief on an application form. They include belief m one

Directory of Religious Bodies 251

Supreme Triune God; in the Bible as given by inspiration of God, and the divine rule of all true godly faith and Christian practice; in Jesus Christ as truly man and yet as truly God; in the temptation and fall of our first parents, whereby all men have become sinful by propensity. They believe that Jesus Christ, by sacrifice of His life, made atonement for all men; that m order to obtain salvation it is necessary to repent toward God, believe in Jesus Christ, and become regenerated through the Holy Spirit; that the Holy Spirit gives to each person inward witness of acceptance; that it is possible for those who have been accepted by God to fall from grace, and except as re- stored, to be eternally lost; that it is possible for Christians to be so cleansed in heart as to serve God without fear, in holiness and right- eousness throughput life ; that the soul is immortal ; and that the pun- ishment of the wicked and the reward of the righteous are eternal.

The Volunteers believe in the Sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper, and give opportunity for the observance of these rites at the various stations. They also ordain their officers to the gospel min- istry after due preparation and a satisfactory examination upon the prescribed course of study.

Polity

The government of the Volunteers of America is democratic. The term "military," appearing in the Manual, is applied only in the be- stowing of titles, the wearing of uniforms, and the movements of of- ficers. As a corporate society the government is vested in the Grand Field Council, which is composed of the officers of, or above, the rank of major. This council elects the directors, 11 in number, who are the responsible financial officers, and who act as trustees and custodians of the property.

The commander in chief, or general, is elected for a term of five years. The officials forming his cabinet or staff are the vice-president, with title of major general; the secretary, with the title of colonel; the treasurer, with title of colonel; and the regimental officers. The departments or territories are usually under the command of an of- ficer of the rank of brigadier general. They comprise two or more regiments, each under the command of a colonel, who may have 20 or more stations under his control.

A post consists of an officer in charge, assistants, secretary, treas- urer, trustees, sergeants, corporals, and soldiers. There is no limit to the membership of the post in point of numbers. The commissions are issued by the commander-in-chief and countersigned by the head of the division or department.

VEDANTA SOCIETY

Headquarters: 117 W. 72d St., New York City. Officers. Pres.y Martin Krudop; Vice-Pres., W. N. Good- year; Treas.y Mrs. A. S. Burke; Sec., Miss E. Eobinson.

History

The Vedanta Society, as a religious or philosophical factor in American life, dates from the Parliament of Keligions at the World's Fair in 1893. At that time the various Hindus who were present at- tracted much attention, and one of them, Swami Vivekananda, who came as a delegate, gave a series of lectures on Vedanta philosophy in New York in 1894. He made no attempt at an organization, but three years later Swami Abhedananda arrived in that city to carry on the work started by Swami Vivekananda, and organized the Ve- danta Society, which was incorporated in October, 1898. Slowly but steadily the work grew, and finally the society became strong enough

252 Year Book of the Churches

to have a permanent center in New York City, with, other centers in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Boston. Some of these centers have country places where schools are held in the summer.

The term "Vedanta" is the name of an ancient philosophy of India, and as interpreted by the society it means literally "end of all wisdom." The Vedanta philosophy explains what the end of wisdom is and how it is attained, and claims to harmonize with the ultimate conclusions of modern science, and to give to religion a scientific and philosophic basis. The society has, however, no purpose of forming a new sect or creed, but by -explaining through logic and reason the spiritual laws that govern life, it seeks to harmonize all systems.

The society has six trustees who, with three other officials, form the executive board. Members residing elsewhere than in New York City are given lessons and instruction by correspondence. The society has published a large number of works on its religious philosophy, most of which, were written by Swami Vivekananda, and his succes- sors and followers. Following the custom of the Hindu priesthood, the Swamis do not accept a salary or any remuneration for their services, but freely devote their time and energy to the spiritual growth and unfoldment of all men and women without regarding their caste, creed or nationality.

SECTION II

THE FEDEEAL COUNCIL

OF THE

CHUBCHES OF CHRIST IN AMERICA

With Affiliated, Cooperative and Consultative Bodies

and Directory of the Federal Council

THE FEDEEAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF OHEIST IN AMERICA

The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America is an organization officially representing most of the Protestant denomina- tions of the United States. Its constituent bodies are listed in the statistical table on the following page.

The Council held its first meeting at Philadelphia in 1908 and was largely the culmination of previous voluntary federative movements, the chief of which had been the Evangelical Alliance and the National Federation of Churches and Christian W°r^ers- ^ne important preliminary work leading up to the organization was accomplished by the Inter-Church Conference on Federation held in Carnegie Hall, New York City, in 1905, a body composed of official delegates from thirty denominations convened through the initiative of the National Federation of Churches and Christian Workers. This conference adopted the Constitution of the Federal Council and transmitted it to the various denominations with the understanding that approval by two-thirds of them would give it full effect. This approval was secured early in 1908.

Created for the purpose of enabling the churches to do together what they could not hope to do alone, the aims of the Council, as then defined in its constitution, and as now pursued, are as follows:

I. To express the fellowship and catholic unity of the Christian Church.

II. To bring the Christian bodies of America into united service for Christ and the world.

III. To encourage devotional fellowship and mutual counsel concerning the spiritual life and religious activi- ties of the churches.

IV. To secure a larger combined influence for the churches of Christ in all matters affecting the moral and social condition of the people, so as to promote the application of the law of Christ in every relation of human life.

V. To assist in the organization of local branches of the Federal Council to promote its aims in their com- munities.

The work of the Council, it is not top much to say, is by far the most powerful influence today in enlarging the spirit of unity within the Church.

The difference between the Federal Council and the previous move- ments is that it is not an individual or voluntary agency, or simply an interdenominational fellowship, but is an officially and ecclesias- tically constituted body.

It is differentiated from most other general movements for the manifestation of Christian unity in the fact that it is the coopera- tion of the various denominations for service rather than an attempt to unite them upon definitions of theology and polity.

It does not interfere with the autonomy of these bodies and its Constitution specifically states that "The Federal Council shall have no authority over the constituent bodies adhering to it; but its province shall be limited to the expression of its counsel and the recommending of a course of action in matters of common interest to the churches, local councils, and individual Christians. It has no authority to draw up a common creed or form of government or of worship, or in any way limit the full autonomy of the Christian bodies adhering to it."

256

Year Book of the Churches

The Federal Council is thus constituted by thirty Protestant evangelical denominations, to express their common voice and unite them in cooperative activities.

It includes 149,436 local churches, with 20,727,319 members. Its constituent bodies, with statistics, are as follows:

Statistics of the Constituent Bodies of the Federal Council for 1922

Figures furnished by some official, usuallj the statistician of each body

	T	T' p ^		S
	S	«j	S	> -^	S	•3 3
Denomination	I	_2	1	||	«S	|1=|
	;j	Jj3	S ' fr ^	cr ""	g_! P? *^ Q,
1

Baptist Northern Contention	8,631	8,463, §1,274, 250	7,648	1,047,456	29,883,186
Baptist, Xat'l Con\ention t colored)	24,333 18,267	3,253,733 19,723	1,186,831	4,939,226
Baptist, Se\enth Das	81 101	7,643 76' 5,398	130,394
Baptist, Free	Included in Northern Baptist Statistics Estimated
Christian Church, General Conv of the	1,208	899	100,430	944	94,099|
Churches of Gort in X A , (General
Eldership)	463	340	26,416	399	45,097	409,736
Congregational Churches	5,873	5,781	838,271	6,000	781,195	21,522,269
Disciples of Christ	8,714	5,926	1,218,849	8,519	1,024,773
Evangelical Church	2,916	1,856	259,417	3,101	419,463	20,101,432
E\ angelical Synod of North America	1,314! 1,175	317,986	1,200	163,2f)3	4,209,052
Society of Friends (Orthodox)	714) 1,200	85,612	625	61,000	1,000,000
*Umted Lutheran Church	3,803 2,839	801,250	3,682	576,959	13,798,195
Methodist Episcopal	29,232 20,514	4,255,246	28,623	4,322,000	82,309,952
Methodist Episcopal, South	17,504^13,079	2,405,257	16,949	2,050,137	34,500,193
Methodist Protestant	2,379	1,356	186,275	1,965	191,270	2,219,604
Prunithe Methodist, U S A	86	85 9,986	87	16,807	279,584
African Methodist Episcopal	6,000	6,550	551,766	6,250	278,33	3,425,000
African M E Zion	2,716	3,062	412,328	2,544	203,147	784,746
Colored M E in America	3,824	3,039	366,315	2,543	193,000	1,736,192
Mora\lan (Unitas Fratrum)	123	142	30,794	120	20,777	512,161
Presbyterian Church, U S A	9,710	9,965	1,722,254	9,856	1,502,616	47,341,334
Presbyterian Church, IT S	3,492	2,056	411,854	3,085	431,178	11,743,725
United Presbj terian Church of N A	929	959	162,780	943	199,515	5,555,180
Reformed Presby Ch in N A , Gen'l
Synod	15 13	2,400	13	1,963	36,798
fProtestant Episcopal Church 1 8, 324) 6,024	1,118,396	6,000	504,640	35,513,273
Reformed Episcopal Church	79 75	13,022	79	9,005! 460,283
Reformed Church in America | 736 1 774	141,222	770	136,000	3,998,325
Reformed Church in the United States	1,756	1,290	337,526	1,715	368,708	5,007,685
Christian Reformed	249	239	46,413	170	21,347	889,864
United Brethren in Christ	3,285	1,944	370,628	2,992	439,066	5,880,988
Total, 1922	149,436	118,913 20,727,319	134,321	16,295,023	338,198,357

* Consulatn e Body

ff Represented through Commissions on Christian Unity and Social" Ser\ ice

tf Local preachers 5 109

§ Including one-half District, of Columbia 6 529

Associated with the Federal Council are affiliated, cooperating and consultative bodies.

AFFILIATED BODIES

Home Missions Council. See Directory of Organizations, p. 335.

Council of Women for Home Missions. See Directory of Organi- zations, p. 334.

Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions. See Directory of Organizations, p. 320.

International Sunday School Council of Eeligious Education. See Directory of Organizations, p. 311.

Council of Church Boards of Education. See Directory of Organi- zations, p. 311.

Directory of Federal Council 257

COOPERATING BODIES

American Bible Society. See Directory of Organizations, p. 299.

National Board of Young Women's Christian Associations. See Di- rectory of Organizations, p. 374.

International Committee of Young Men's Christian Associations. See Directory of Organizations, p. 342.

CONSULTATIVE BODIES

Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foieign Missions Con- ference of North America. See Directory of Organizations, p. 320.

Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. See Directory of Organizations, p. 319.

Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. See Directory of Organizations, p. 321.

The Council itself consists of about 400 members, elected by the denominations, and it convenes every four years. The Executive Committee, consisting of official representatives of the constituent bodies, meets once a year. The Administrative Committee meets once a month.

The national offices for general administration and for the Com- missions are at 105 E. 22nd St., New York City. Offices are also maintained at Washington, D. C., and Chicago, 111.

The Council has local correspondents all over the United States, and has foreign correspondents connected with the Protestant churches of all countries.

In addition to the meetings of its own Committees and Commis- sions, the Council calls frequent representative conferences upon mat- ters of common interest to all the churches.

At the office in Washington, D. C., affairs of national religious concern are considered by a resident committee, the work including such matters as chaplains in the Army and Navy, federation in the Southern field, missionary affairs of national and international con- cern, cooperation with the Government Departments and Agencies, the gathering of religious statistics for the Nation, the publication of the Year Book of the Churches, and a general church service bureau.

The Council is incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia.

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America

Plan of Federation Recommended by The Interchurch Conference of 1905, Adopted by the National Assemblies of Constituent Bodies, 1906-1908, Ratified by the Council at Philadelphia, December 2-8, 1908, Amended at Chicago, December 4-9, 1912, and at St. Louis, December 6-11, 1916.

PREAMBLE

Whereas, In the providence of God, the time has come when it seems fitting more fully to manifest the essential oneness of the Christian churches of America in Jesus Christ as their divine Lord and Saviour, and to promote the spirit of fellowship, service, and cooperation among them, the delegates to the Interchurch Conference on Federation assem- bled in New York City, do hereby recommend the following Plan of Federation to the Christian bodies represented in this Conference for their approval :

258 Year Book of the Churches

PLAN OF FEDERATION

1. For the prosecution of work that can be better done in union than in separation a Council is hereby established whose name shall be the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.

2. The following Christian bodies shall be entitled to representation in this Federal Council on their approval of the purpose and plan of the organization:

The Baptist Churches of the United States The General Conference of Free Baptists The National Baptist Convention ( African) * The Christians (The Christian Connection)! The Christian Keformed Church in North America* The Churches of God in the United States (General Eldership)* The Congregational Churches The Disciples of Christ The Evangelical Association f 2 The Evangelical Synod of North America The Friends

The Methodist Episcopal Church The Methodist Episcopal Church, South The Primitive Methodist Church The Colored Methodist Episcopal Church m America The Methodist Protestant Church The African Methodist Episcopal Church The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church The Moravian Church The Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A, The Presbyterian Church m the U. S.* The Welsh Calvinistic Methodist or Presbyterian Church f 1 The Eeformed Presbyterian Church (General Synod) The United Presbyterian Church

The Protestant Episcopal Commissions on Christian Unity and Social Service

The Eeformed Church m America The Reformed Church in the U. S. The Reformed Episcopal Church The Seventh Day Baptist Churches The United Brethren m Christ The United Evangelical Church f 2

3. The object of this Federal Council shall be

I. To express the fellowship and catholic unity of the Christian Church.

II. To bring the Christian bodies of America into united service for Christ and the world.

III. To encourage devotional fellowship and mutual counsel con- cerning the spiritual life and religious activities of the churches.

IV. To secure a larger combined influence for the churches of Christ in all matters affecting the moral and social condition of the people, so as to promote the application of the law of Christ in every relation of human life.

*Received into fellowship of the Council under provisions stated m Section 7 of the Constitution,

t Now The General Convention of the Christian Church, (1922).

1 1, Now merged with the Presbyterian Church in the U S. A.

t 2. Now, by a merger, m 1922, of the Evangelical Association and the United Evangelical Church, the Evangelical Church " "

Directory of Federal Council 250

V. To assist in the organization of local branches of the Federal Council to promote its aims in their communities.

4. This Federal Council shall have no authority over the constituent bodies adhering to it; but its province shall be limited to the ex- pression of its counsel and the recommending of a course of action in matters of common interest to the churches, local councils, and individual Christians.

It has no authority to draw up a common creed or form of govern- ment or of worship or in any way to limit the full autonomy of the Christian bodies adhering to it.

5. Members of this Federal Council shall be appointed as follows: Each of the Christian bodies adhering to this Federal Council shall

be entitled to four members, and shall be further entitled to one mem- ber for every 50,000 of its communicants or major fraction thereof. Alternates may be chosen and certified to the Council in the same manner and to the same number as members to fill vacancies caused by the death, resignation, or permanent disqualification of members. Such alternates may also attend sessions of the Council in the ab- sence of members and exercise all powers of members as temporary substitutes during such absence.

6. Any action to be taken by this Federal Council shall be by the general vote of its members. But in case one-third of the members present and voting request it, the vote shall be by the bodies repre- sented, the members of each body voting separately; and action shall require the vote, not only of a majority of the members voting, but also of the bodies represented.

7. Other Christian bodies may be admitted into membership of this Federal Council on their request if approved by a vote of two-thirds of the members voting at a session of this council, and of two-thirds of the bodies represented, the representatives of each body voting separately.

8. The Federal Council shall meet once in every four years and the term of service of the members or their alternates shall be four years or until their successors shall be appointed. Special meetings may be called by the Executive Committee.

9. Section a. The officers of this Federal Council shall be a President, one Vice-President from each of its constituent bodies, a Recording Secretary, a Treasurer, and an Executive Committee, who shall per- form the duties usually assigned to such officers. Vacancies among the Vice-Presidents or in the Executive Committee may be filled by the Executive Committee on nomination by the representatives on the Executive Committee of the constituent body in which, the vacancy may occur.

Section b. The General Secretary and other secretaries of the Council except the Recording Secretary shall be chosen by the Execu- tive Committee, which shall have authority to fix their duties and their salaries, and they shall aid in organizing and assisting local Councils and shall represent the Federal Council in its work under the direction of the Executive Committee.

Section c. The Executive Committee shall consist of two repre- sentatives from each of the constituent bodies, preferably one minis- ter and one layman, and one additional representative for every 500,- 000 of its communicants or major fraction thereof, who may be either a minister or layman, together with the President, all ex-Presidents, the Recording Secretary, and the Treasurer. The Executive Com- mittee shall have authority to attend to all business of the Federal Council in the intervals of its meetings and to fill all vacancies, ex- cept that it shall not have power to make any amendments to the Constitution or to the By-laws. It shall meet for organization at the eall of the President of the Council immediately upon the adjournment

260 Year Book of the Churches

of the Federal Council, and shall have power to elect its own officers.

Section d. All officers shall be chosen at the quadienmal meetings of the Council and shall hold their offices until their successors take office.

Section e. The President, the Recording Secietary, and the Treas- urer shall be elected by the Federal Council on nomination by the Executive Committee, but nominations may be made from the floor of the Council by any member at the time of the election.

Section /. The Vice-Presidents and members of the Executive Com- mittee and their alternates shall be elected by the Council upon nomi- nation by the representatives in attendance of each of their respective constituent bodies.

10. The expenses of the Federal Council shall be provided for by the several constituent bodies.

(The following paragraphs were leconuiiended by Interchurch Conference in 1905, adopted by national assemblies of constituent bodies, 1906-1908.)

[This Plan of Federation shall become operative when it shall have been approved by two-thirds of the above bodies to which it shall be presented.

lit shall be the duty of each delegation to this Conference to present this Plan of Federation to its national body, and ask its consideration and proper action.

Un case this Plan of Federation is approved by two-thirds of the proposed constituent bodies the Executive Committee of the National Federation of Churches and Christian Workers, which has called this Conference, is requested to call the Federal Council to meet at a fitting place in December, 1908.]

11. This Plan of Federation may be altered or amended by a ma- jority vote of the members, followed by a majority vote of the repre- sentatives of the several constituent bodies, each voting separately. Amendments to this plan shall be reported officially to the several constituent churches.

BY-LAWS

1. The Council shall meet quadrennially on the first Wednesday of December, at such place and hour as the Executive Committee shall from time to time determine. The place and time of special meetings shall be determined by the Executive Committee.

2. The President of the Council, or in case of his absence, the last President present shall open the meetings with an address and devo- tional exercises, and preside until a new President is chosen.

3. The Recording Secretary and the Secretary, or Secretaries, to whom this duty may be assigned by the Executive Committee, shall make up the roll of the members in the Council from the certificates of the proper officers of the constituent bodies composing the Council, and no one not thus certified shall be enrolled. The Council shall de- termine any question arising as to the validity of the certificates.

4. No President or Vice-President shall be eligible to immediate reelection.

5. A quorum of the Council shall consist of two or more members from a majority of the churches entitled to representation. A quorum of the Executive Committee shall be fifteen persons, and at least five denominations shall be represented.

6. The Council shall appoint a Business Committee, to which shall be referred all matters connected with the proceedings of the Council while in session, and all such papers and documents as to the Council may seem proper. It shall consist of two members from each church having twenty or more representatives in the Council, and one from each of the churches having a less number of representatives. The

Directory of Federal Council 261

Council may also appoint such other special committees as to it may seem proper.

7. The business expenses of the Council, the expenses of its com- mittees subject to the discretion of the Executive Committee and the salaries of its officers shall be paid out of the funds contributed by the churches, but the expenses of the repiesentatives of the churches in the Council shall not be a charge against the funds of the Council.

8. (1) The following Commissions, subject to the Executive Com- mittee, shall be appointed to further the general purposes of the Federal Council as stated in its Constitution within the fields indi- cated by their respective names.

a. A Commission on Evangelism.

6 A Commission on the Church and Social Seivice.

c. A Commission on the Church and Country Life.

d. -A Commission on Christian Education.

e. A Commission on Temperance.

/. A Commission on International Justice and Goodwill.

g. A Commission on Interchurch Federations (State and Local).

h. A Commission on Relations with the Orient.-)

i. A Commission on Relations with France and Belgium.

/. A Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies m Europe.

k. A Commission on the Church and Race Relations.*

(2) Each Commission shall consist of twenty-five or more mem- bers appointed from the Christian bodies appointing members to the Council, by the President of the Council, and confirmed by the Execu- tive Committee.

(3) The members of these Commissions shall serve four years or until their successors are appointed. The Commissions shall report annually to the Executive Committee, and oftener should the Execu- tive Committee require, and quadrennially through the Executive Committee to the Federal Council.

(4) The President of the Council shall appoint the Chairman of these Commissions, which shall have power to choose such other officers for the conduct of their affairs as may be authorized by the Federal Council or the Executive Committee.

(5) These Commissions shall not commit the Federal Council to any policy or expense until such policy or expense is approved by the Executive Committee of the Federal Council.

(6) The Commissions shall submit their proposed budgets to the Executive Committee, and upon the Committee's authorization of such budgets, may solicit contributions for their work under the direction of the Executive Committee and the Treasurer of the Federal Council.

9. The Secretaries chosen by the Executive Committee shall conduct the correspondence of the Council and of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall have full power to appoint, when necessary, such Secretaries as it may deem advisable and to designate their respective relations and duties.

10. The Recording Secretary shall keep the minutes of the Council, and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee may appoint such assistant secretaries as may be necessary for the transaction of busi- ness, both for the Council and for the Committee.

11. The Treasurer of the Council shall be the custodian of all the funds of the Council and the Committees, and shall perform the duties usually assigned to the office, shall give bond in such sum as the Executive Committee shall determine, and his account shall be annu- ally audited under the direction of the Executive Committee.

fMerged with Commission on International Justice and Goodwill, by action of Executive Committee in 1921. *Created ad interim by Executive Committee in 1921.

262 Year Book of the Churches

12. The Executive Committees shall have authority to consider dur- ing the sessions of the Council or in the intervals between its meetings any business referred to it by the Council, and shall exercise general supervision erf all its affairs, and shall have authority to adopt its own rules for governing its own business. The Executive Committee shall meet at the call of the Chairman, or in his absence or disability, the call of three of the members representing three of the constituent bodies, and ten days' notice of meeting shall be given. Public meetings under the direction of the Executive Committee may be held annually in various sections of the country. The President shall also appoint the following Standing Committees to work under the direction of the Executive Committee:

(1) A committee on Foreign Missions, to number not more than

fifteen members.*

(2) A committee on Home Missions, to number not morefc than

fifteen members.*

(3) A committee on Family Life and Religious Rest Day*

The Executive Committee shall have power to establish commissions or committees ad tntenm, which may become permanent by the ap- proval of the Federal Council.

13. The minutes of the Council shall be published regularly, under the editorship of the Secretary of Secretaries to whom this duty may be assigned by the Executive Committee.

14. These By-laws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Council by a two-thirds vote of the members present.

The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America was in- corporated under the laws of the District of Columbia in 1915. The Board of Trustees is as follows:

Trustees

President . . . Dr. Robert E. Speer

V ice-President . Rev. Howard B. Grose

Gen, Sec, and Recording Sec.,

Rev. Charles S. Macfarland

Treasurer. , . . Mr. Alfred R. Kimball

For Three Years

Dr. Robert E. Speer, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. James M. Speers, 345 Fifth Ave., New York City. Rev. Charles L. Thompson, 156 Fifth Ave , New York City. Rev, John M. Moore, 520 Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. Charles S. Marfarland, 105 E. 22d St., New York City. Rev. Andrew R. Bird, 1516 22d St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Rev. Wallace Radcliffe, 1675 31st St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Flrank Morrison, 9th St. and Massachusetts Ave., Washing- ton, D. C.

Rev. Lewis Seymour Mudge, 514 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

For two years

Dean Shailer Mathews, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Rev. Frank Mason North, 150 Fifth Ave., New York City. Rev. William I. Haven, Bible House, Astor Place, New York City, John M. Glenn, 130 East 22d St., New York City. Rev. Howard B. Grose, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City. Alfred R. Kimball, 105 East 22d St., New York City. Rev, Alfred G. Lawson, 400 W. 118th St., New York City. President J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J.

*These committees are no longer functioning, their interests being caied for in other ways.

Directory of Federal Council 263

Kev, Rivington D. Lord, Hotel Mohawk, Washington and Greene Aves., Brooklyn, N. Y. For one year

Bishop William P. McDowell, 2107 Wyoming Ave., Washington, D. C.

Rev. Rufus W. Miller, 15th and Race Bis., Philadelphia, Pa.

John R. Matt, 347 Madison Ave., New York City.

E. E. Olcott, Desbrosses Street Pier, New York City.

Prof. J. R. Hawkins, 1541 14th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Hon. Gifford Pinchot, State House, Harrisburg, Pa.

Norton M. Little, 1413 H St., Washington, D. C.

PERMANENT COMMISSIONS

COMMISSION ON COUNCIL OF CHURCHES (State and Local)

Chairman . Fred 5. Smith

Executive Secretary Rev. Roy J3. Guild

This Commission seeks, in every community having two or more churches, the development of some form of organization by which these churches can cooperate in doing for the religious, social, and civic welfare of the community what they cannot do by working independently of each other.

It plans to do this by personal visitation, correspondence, and literature. It seeks to help construct the machinery in the com- munity through which the churches can work with one another and with other organizations and through which the Commissions of the Federal Council can function.

There are now fifty local federations or councils of churches with employed executive secretaries. Special attention is now being di- rected to the development of State Councils.

During the year 1920 this Commission held a conference at Cleve- land, Ohio, for the purpose of standardizing certain methods of work which have become successful features in the programs of many federations, or are in the period of testing. The reports carefully prepared by sub-commissions are now published in "Community Pro- grams for Cooperating Churches."

COMMISSION ON EVANGELISM AND LIFE SERVICE

Chairman Pres. /. Ross Stevenson

Executive Secretary Rev. Charles L. Goodell

This Commission is organized to cooperate with the pastors and leaders of the churches in developing and maintaining an effective evangelistic movement throughout the nation. Where there are church federations, it renders assistance in making effective their federated evangelistic work. It brings together the evangelistic agencies in the several denominations for united action. In denominations where there are no organized evangelistic commissions it will be glad to give aid in the forming of such commissions and to supply such literature as may be helpful in the development of this work.

The Commission acts as a clearing house for the evangelistic work of all the denominations and keeps each informed of the methods and results in other fields. Its most important work is in developing a program of united evangelism in the larger cities, with the aim of enabling the churches to reach the whole community at one time and with the ideal of their pastors as their own evangelists. The secretaries in the various denominations are brought together under the leadership of the Federal Council and unite in holding conferences

264 Year Book of the Churches

throughout the country, assembling all the pastors of a community and assisting them to organize their forces for simultaneous action

As a result, a new and better type of evangelism is arising. The last few years have shown an unparalelled record of accessions to church membership. Conspicuous is the fact that the largest gams are reported in the cities which have adopted this united approach to their evangelistic task.

Increasing attention is now being given to the theological semi- naries in the interest of bringing home to the teachers of ministers and to prospective ministers the possibilities of pastoral evangelism.

COMMISSION ON CHRISTIAN EDUCATION Chairman Rev. William Adams Brown

In the field of Christian Education the Council is endeavoring to correlate the work of the various educational agencies of the churches and to promote cooperation in a common program of religious edu- cation.

At a conference called by the Federal Council in 1921, repie- sentatives of all the Sunday School agencies, the Missionary Educa- tion Movement, the agencies dealing with Christian education in the college and university, the young people's societies, the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations, and other organizations studied the educational task from the standpoint of the whole Church, with a view to discovering how each of the existing organizations could best cooperate with the others in meeting the whole responsi- bility. This effort at coordination is now being furthered by other conferences and studies.

In addition to carrying on this task of coordination, the Council is directing its attention to the groups largely unreached by any of the educational forces, especially by interpreting to the general public the significance of the Christian Gospel for the life of men in their industrial, racial and international relations.

COMMISSION ON THE CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE

Vice-Chairman. Shelby M. Harrison

Executive Secretary. Rev. Worth M. Tippy

Research Secretary Rev. F. Ernest Johnson

The purpose of the Commission is to unite the various church organizations in the study and improvement of social conditions; to encourage the organization of departments or commissions of social service in denominations not so organized; to cooperate with the denominational agencies in organizing local churches for neighbor- hood and community service; to assist departments of social service in community federations of churches; to cooperate in public welfare effort with national social movements and agencies, and with depart- ments of the national and state governments; to carry on research into social and industrial questions from the standpoint of moral is- sues involved; to labor to establish social justice, and a Christian social order.

The Research Department gathers information concerning social, economic and industrial conditions and movements in their moral aspect and with especial reference to the work of the churches. The material gathered by the Department is made available to the relig- ious press and to individual subscribers through a weekly Information Service, a monthly Book Review Service , research bulle- tins on industrial problems, study courses and occasional other publi- cations. The Department also conducts an extensive correspondence with persons studying social problems.

Directory of Federal Council 265

Educational literature on social questions for the use of study groups and Bible classes is being prepared every year for the use of churches of every faith.

COMMISSION ON TEMPERANCE

Chairman „ Hon. Carl E. Milliken

Acting Exec. Sec. . „ Mev. Charles S. Macfarland

This Commission, united with the National Temperance Society, the oldest American temperance society, works with the denomina- tional and other agencies, to promote personal abstinence from intoxi- cating beverages, by research, exhibits, literature, and the creation of public sentiment to ensure proper legislation.

An active part was taken in securing Congressional action favor- ing the Constitutional Prohibition Amendment.

The following periodicals covering temperance interests are pub- lished :

The National Advocate ' A comprehensive temperance paper, de- signed primarily for use in churches and Sunday schools. Published monthly. Price, $1.00 per year; special rates to pastors, clubs, and Sunday school classes.

The Youth's Temperance Banner' A "Youth *s Companion" devoted to temperance stories and articles. Published monthly. Price, 30 cents per year; in clubs of ten or more to one address, 15 cents.

The Water Lily A four-page monthly containing stories attrac- tively illustrated; suited to children between five and ten years. Price, 15 cents per year; in clubs of ten or more, to one address, 8 cents.

COMMISSION ON THE CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS

Chairman John J. Eagan

Executive Secretaries George E. Haynes

Rev. W. W. Alexander

In a day when the problem of the relations of the white and the Negro races is challenging America as never before, the recent es- tablishment of the Commission on the Church and Race Relations is of great significance. It means that the churches are definitely setting themselves to a solution of the problem on the Christian basis of brotherhood.

Under the wise guidance of Southern leaders, both black and white, the united influence of the churches is being brought to bear to promote the active cooperation of the two races in a program for racial justice and goodwill. They are helping to create inter-racial committees in local communities for the purpose of cooperative activities in securing to the negro fuller opportunity for self-develop- ment, in preventing mob violence and lynching; and in developing a Christian public opinion on the racial question.

Especial attention is given to working closely with the voluntary organization, known as the Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperation, which has done so much for racial goodwill in the South.

266 Year Book of the Churches

COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE AND GOOD-WILL

Chairman Dr. John H. Finley

Executive Secretary Rev. Sidney L. Gulick

Associate Secretaries- Rev. George R. Montgomery

Donald Winston Chairman of Committee on Relations with the Orient,

Rev. James H. Franklin Chairman of Committee on Mexico,

Dr. Hem y Goddard Leach Chairman of Committee on Mercy and Relief,

Rev. F. H. Knubel

The world-wide interest in international cooperation and world peace has set the work of this Commission into bold relief. The merest indication of what the Council has done in connection with the movement for limitation of armament and better international relations will show how far-reaching its influence has been

On a designated Sunday in June, 1921, pulpits all over the nation responded to a call of the Federal Council to observe disarmament Sunday and to urge an international conference. Through the asr- sistance of the Church Peace Union the cooperation of Roman Catho- lics and Hebrews was also secured, and a joint memorial presented to President Harding. When, soon after, he issued the historic invitation to the nations, the Commission set out at once to mobilize the churches in helping to create the public opinion that made possible what the Conference has. achieved.

Through its educational literature, such as "The Church and a Warless World," "Working Toward a Warless World," "Problems of the Pacific and the Far East" and "The Achievements of the Con- ference" over three hundred thousand of which were circulated, the one hundred and fifty thousand churches of the country were as- sisted to become centers of public education on the necessity for reduction of armament. Local federations, of churches in all parts of the country were stimulated to hold mass meetings on the sub- ject, A great campaign of educational publicity was carried on through the daily press.

In all its program the Federal Council is engaged not in a spas- modic effort but in a persistent campaign. It is now carrying on its activities unabated to secure the participation of the United States in permanent organized cooperation for world peace and human welfare. It is definitely committed to continuing an unre- mitting activity until. a peace system takes the place of competitive armament and recurring war.

Through the helpful cooperation of the World Alliance for Pro- moting International Relationship through the Churches contacts are secured with Christians in all parts of the world.

COMMITTEE ON RELATIONS WITH THE ORIENT

Special attention has long been directed to relations with the Orient. The Council seeks to interpret the best in each to the other and to reinforce the work of foreign missions by removing national misunderstandings and unchristian policies which would imperil the success of Christian missions in the Far East. A special commissioner has been in the Orient during 1922-1923 in the interest of better understanding between the Eastern and Western worlds.

Vigorous effort has been given to securing justice for the perse- cuted minorities of the Near East. Special attention is now being given to better relations with Mexico.

Directory of Federal Council 267

Committee on Mercy and Relief

Since international goodwill is best expressed not in words but in deeds of serving love, the Council has offered itself as a servant of the churches in answering calls of suffering humanity. For several years it has been of assistance to the Near East Belief. In the European Relief Council, organized by Mr. Hoover to save the children of Central Europe, the Council was responsible for the church activities and drew from Mr. Hoover the tribute that if the Council had not been in existence he would have found it necessary to build up something like it.

The imperative need for such a central agency was most clearly pre- sented by the starving millions of Russia. A special committee on relief was appointed by the Commission on International Justice and Goodwill. During the summer of 1922, a special representative of the Council was in Russia distributing relief, especially to the suffer- ing among the clergy of the Russian Church, and their dependents, in connection with the American Relief Administration.

COMMISSION ON RELATIONS WITH FRANCE AND BELGIUM

Chairman William Sloane Coffin

Secretary Rev. Charles S. Macfarland

This Commission conducts relief and reconstruction work in France and Belgium in cooperative relationship with the corresponding or- ganizations in those countries and assists them in their church and institutional work. It is made up of Protestant denominational bodies and cooperating agencies having work or related work in France and Belgium and works through a corresponding organiza- tion, the Comite d'Union Protestante pour les Secours de Guerre en France et en Belgique, representing the Federation Protestante de France, the Federation des Eglises Protestantes de Belgique and the following Protestant bodies of those countries :

Comite Protestante Francaise

Comite Protestante d'Entr'Aide

Union Nationale des Eglises Refprmees Evangeliques

Union Nationale des Eglises Reformees

Eglise Evangelique Lutherienne de France

Union des Eglises Evangeliques Libres

Eglise Evangelique Methodiste

Union des Eglises Baptistes

Mission Francaise Eglise Methodiste Episcopale

Societe Centrale Evangelique

Union des Englises Protestantes Evangeliques de Belgique

Eglise Chretienne Missionaire Beige

Mission Populaire Evangelique (Me All)

Societe des Missions Evangeliques

Nearly a million and a half dollars have been contributed by the American Churches to the devastated churches of France and Bel- gium through this agency.

COMMISSION ON RELATIONS WITH RELIGIOUS BODIES

IN EUROPE

Chairman. Bishop James Cannon, Jr.

Secretary Rev, Charles S. Macfarland

This Commission seeks to strengthen fraternal relations between the churches of the United States and of the various nations of Europe; t® aid the European churches in the betterment of ecclesias-

268 Year Book of the Churches

tieal conditions; and to assist them in securing physical relief, par- ticularly through cooperation with the organizations for this pur- pose already existing in the United States.

As a result a conscious unity of spirit and purpose among the Protestant churches throughout the world is being developed. A large number of leaders in the American churches who are going to Europe are delegated by the Council to represent not simply one denomination but the evangelical forces as a whole. Friendly visitors from the churches abroad are constantly received by the Council. Largely as a result of this fellowship, federations of churches are being developed in Switzerland, France, Germany, and other Euro- pean countries, and related to this movement for Christian coopera- tion in our own land. As a result of the Bethesda Conference at Copenhagen in 1922, a Central European Bureau of Eelief for the Protestant Churches lias been created, the first interdenominational organization in Europe tianscendmg national lines.

The increasing cooperation among the churches of all lands is to come to a head in the proposed Universal Conference of the Church of Christ on Life and Work, to be held in 1925, to consider how the churches of the world can bring about a fuller application of the Christian Gospel in modern life. In the initiation of the conference the Federal Council had a large part and in the preparation for it assistance is generously given.

PERMANENT COMMITTEES GENERAL COMMITTEE ON ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS

Chairman Bishop William F. McDowell

Secretary Rev. E. 0. Watson

937 Woodward Building, Washington, D, C.

Represents the various denominations in the selection of Protestant chaplains for the Army and Navy, and in furthering the work of the chaplains.

EDITORIAL COUNCIL OF THE RELIGIOUS PRESS

Chairman Rev. Ernest (7. Wareing

Acting Secretary Rev. Howard B. Grose

An organization of editors of Protestant publications for considera- tion of common interests, and mutual helpfulness.

COMMITTEE ON INTERCHANGE OF PREACHERS AND SPEAKERS BETWEEN THE CHURCHES OF AMER- ICA, GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE

OFFICE: 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Rev. Wm. D. Mackenzie, Hartford, Conn.; Vice- Chmn. and Chmn. Ewec. Com., Rev. James H. Franklin, New York City; Sec., Rev. Henry A. Atkinson.

This is a joint committee of The Church Peace Union, the World Alliance and the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, functioning through The Church Peace Union.

Established by the General War-Time Commission of the Churches, and representative of the Protestant Churches in America through the Federal Council.

Directory of Federal Council 269

COMMITTEE ON RELIGIOUS WORK IN THE CANAL ZONE

Chairman E. E. Olcott

Secretary Rev. Boy B. Guild

A central agency through which the Churches of the United States assist in building and maintaining the union churches in the Canal Zone.

COMMITTEE ON THE WAR AND THE RELIGIOUS

OUTLOOK

Chairman Rev. William Adams Brown

Viee-Chairman ,,...Rev. Charles W. Gilkey

Secretary ,,...., Rev. S. M. Cavert

Has studied thoroughly some of the more important problems in the religious life of America and brought out its results in a series of widely known reports.

DIEECTOEY OF THE FEDEEAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES

Officers for the Quadrennram 1920-1924

President Robert E. Speer

Honorary Secretary Rev. Elms B. Sanford

Recording Secretary. Rev. Rivington D, Lord

Treasurer Alfred B. Kimball

Former Presidents

Bishop E. R. Hendnx . . . 1908-1912

3242 Noiiedge Place, Kansas City, Mo. Dean Shailer Matheivs . . .1912-1916

Divinity School, University of Chicago, 111.

Rev. Frank Mason North . . . 1916-1920

150 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Vice-presidents

Baptist Churches, North

Pres. C. A. Barbour, 300 Alexander St., Rochester, N. Y. National Baptist Convention

Dr. E. P. Cheek, 18 Lemon St., Newark, N. J. Free Baptist Churches

Pres. Joseph W. Mauck, Hillsdale, Mich. Christian Church

Rev. Frank G. Coffin, Albany, Mo. Christian Reformed Church

Rev. Henry Beets, 737 Madison Ave-, S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich. Churches of God in N. A. (General Eldership)

Rev. Wm. Harris Guyer, Findlay, 0. Conffregational Churches

Rev. William Horace Day, 25 Court St., Bridgeport, Conn. Disciples of Christ

Rev. Finis S. Idleman, 142 West 81st St., N. Y. C. Evangelical Church

Evangelical Synod of North America

Rev. J. U. Schneider, Evansville, Indiana. Friends

Hon. Herbert Hoover, Commerce Department, Washington, D. C.

270 Year Book of the Churches

Methodist Episcopal Church

Bishop Luther B. Wilson, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Methodist Episcopal Church, South

Bishop Edwin D Mouzon, Nashville, Tenn. African Methodist Episcopal Church

African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church

Bishop L. W. Kyles, Wlnston-Salem, N. C. Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in America

Bishop C. H. Phillips, Cleveland, Ohio. Methodist Protestant Church

Rev. Thomas H. Lewis, 2844 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D. C. Primitive Methodist Church

Rev. John Hardcastle, Kewanee, Illinois. Moravian Church

Rt. Rev. C. L. Moench, 45 West Church St., Bethlehem, Pa. Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J. Presbyterian Church in the U. S.

Rev. George Summey, 3002 De Soto St., New Orleans, La. Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity and Department of Chnstian Social Service

Very Eev. H. E. W. Fosbroke, Gen'l Theo. Seminary, New York

City. Reformed Church in America

Rev. John E. Kuizenga, 4 E. 14th St., Holland, Mich. Reformed Church in the U. S.

Rev. J. M. G. Darms, Allentown, Pa. Reformed Episcopal Church

Rev. Joseph D. Wilson, 210 S 41st St., Philadelphia, Pa. Reformed Presbyterian Church, General Synod

Rev W. P. Harriman, Cedarville, Ohio. Seventh Day Baptist Churches

Rev. A. L. Davis, Ashaway, R. L United Brethren Church

Bishop W. H. Washmger, 686 E. Taylor St., Portland, Oreg. United Presbyterian Church

Rev. W. I. Wishart, 2333 Perryville Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Chairmen and Secretaries of the Council and Commissions

Rev William Adams Brown, Union Theo. Sem., New York City.

Rev. Samiuel McCrea Cavert, 105 East 22d St., New York City.

William Sloane Coffin, 575 Fifth Ave., New York City.

John J. Eagan, Citizens and Southern Bank Bldg., Atlanta, Ga.

Dr. John H. Fmley, 229 West 43d St., New York City.

Rev. Charles L. Goodell, 105 East 22d St., New York City.

Rev. Roy B. Guild, 105 East 22d Street, New York City.

Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, 105 East 22d Street, New York City.

Dr. George E. Haynes, 105 East 22d Street, New York City.

Bishop William F. McDowell, 2107 Wyoming Ave., Wash., D. C.

Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, 105 East 22d St., New York City.

Hon. Carl E. Milliken, Augusta, Me.

Fred B. Smith, 105 East 22d St., New York City.

Pres. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J.

Rev. E. B. Sanford, Rockfall, Conn.

Rev Worth M. Tippy, 105 East 22d St., New York City.

Rev E C. Wareing, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Rev. E. 0. Watson, 937 Woodward Bldg., Washington, D. C.

Rev. Herbert L. Willett, 19 S. LaSalle St., Chicago, 111.

Directory of Federal Council 271

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Officers

Chairman Rev. F W. Burnham,

1501 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo. Vice-Chairmen :

Bishop John M. Moore 1308 Commerce St., Dallas, Tex.

Prof. John R. Hawkins 1541 14th St., N W., Washington, D. C.

Rev. Rufus W. Miller . 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Recording Secretanj Rev. Riving ton D. Lord,

Hotel Mohawk, Washington and Greene Aves., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Members by Virtue of Article 9, Section C, o£ the Constitution

Bishop E. R. Hendrix, 3242 Norledge Place, Kansas City, Mo.

Alfred R. Kimball, 105 E. 22d St., New York City.

Rev. Rivmgton D. Lord, Hotel Mohawk, Washington and Greene

Aves., Brooklyn,, N. Y,

Dean Shailer Mathews, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Rev. Frank Mason North 150 Fifth Ave., New York City. Robert E. Speer, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Denominational Members

Baptist Churches, North Principals „

Rev. Robert A. Ashworth, 95 Radford St., Yonkers, N. Y.

Rev. Arthur T. Fowler, Hanson Place Baptist Church, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth St., Rochester, N. Y.

Rev. Howard B. Grose, 276 Fifth Ave,, New York City

Rev. Albert G. Lawson, 400 W. 118th St., New York City. Alternates

Prof. William H. Allison, Hamilton, N. Y.

Rev. G. N. Brink, 1701 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. C W. Petty, First Baptist Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Pres. Clifton D, Gray, Bates College, Lewiston, Me.

Rev. D. B. McQueen, 164 Brunswick Ave., Rochester, N. Y.

National Baptist Convention Principals

H- W. Holloway, Box 287, Helena, Ark.

Rev. I. A. Thomas, 1717 Benson Ave., Evanston, III.

Rev. W. H. Jernagin, 1341 Third St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Rev. L. G. Jordan, 2032 Bainbridge St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. S. E. J. Watson, 560 E. 36th St., Chicago, 111.

Rev. J, H. Henderson, 328 Patton St., Knoxville, Tenn.

Rev. R. T. Pollard, Selma, Alabama

Prof. J. D. Crenshaw, Nashville, Tenn. Alternates

Rev. C. A. Ward, 33 Waumbeck St., Roxbury, Mass.

Rev. J. F. Robinson, 69 Portland St., Cambridge, Mass.

Rev. D. S. Klugh, 43 Rutland Square, Boston, Mass.

Rev. M. W. D. Norman, 1933 13th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Rev. E. J. Echols, 337 N. Division St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Rev. E. W. Johnson, 1302 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. Thomas H. White, Clifton Forge, Va.

Rev. J. C. Jackson, 44 Pluney St., Hartford, Conn. Free Baptist Churches Principals

Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthony, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City

Hon. Carl E. Milliken, Augusta, Maine

272 Year Book of the Churches

Alternates

Hon. Lindley M. Webb, 396 Congress St., Portland, Maine

Rev. Thomas H. Stacy, Sandwich Center, N. H. Christian Church Principals

Rev. Martyn Summerbell, Lakemont, N. Y.

Rev. J. 0. Atkinson, Elon College, N. C. Alternates

Rev. J. F. Burnett, Dayton, Ohio

Rev. Alva Martin Keri, C. P A Bldg , Dayton, Ohio. Christian Reformed Church Principals

Rev. J. Timmerman, 129 4th Ave., Paterson, N. J.

Rev. John Dolfin, 155 Terrace St., Muskegon, Mich, Churches of God in N. A (General Eldership) Principals

Rev. H. Dickson Boughter, Decatur, 111.

Rev. John W. Whisler, McMechen, W. Va. Alternates

Rev. S. Fulmer, Mt. Pleasant, Pa.

Rev. H. R. Lobb, Shippensburg, Pa.

Congregational Churches Principals

Rev. Charles F Carter, 40 Kenyon St., Hartford, Conn.

Norton M. Little, 1502 Decatur St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Rev. R. W McLaughlm, 31 May St., Worcester, Mass.

Pres. Henry Churchill King, Oberlin, Ohio Alternates

Rev. H. F. Holton, 14 Oakland Ave., Brockton, Mass.

Rev. George P. Eastman, 448 Highland Ave , Orange, N. J.

Rev. Edward D. Eaton, Wellesley, Mass.

Arthur J. Lockwood, Glen Ridge, N. J.

Disciples of Christ Principals

Rev. Peter Ainslie, 504 N. Fulton Ave., Baltimore, Md.

Rev. Robert Graham Frank, Dallas, Tex.

Rev. F. W. Burnham, 1501 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. A. E. Cory, Kingston, N. C Alternates

Rev. J. H. Goldner, Euclid Ave. Christian Church, Cleveland, Ohio.

Rev. John R. Ewers, 1313 Denniston Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. B. A. Abbott, 2712 Pine St., St. Louis, Mo. Friends Principals

Albert G. Shepard, Clmtondale, N. Y.

Dr. Walter C. Woodward, 101 S. 8th St., Richmond, Ind. Alternates

Miss Mary S. Paige, 50 E. Chatham St., East Lynn, Mass.

Mrs. Mary Doane Hole, 615 National Road, West, Richmond, Ind. Evangelical Synod of North America Principals

Rev. J. Baltzer, 2013 St. Louis Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. D. Bruning, 1300 E. Fayette St., Baltimore, Md.

Rev. R. Niebuhr, 2726 Lothrop St., Detroit, Mich. Alternates

Rev. T. Lehmann, 674 S. High St., Columbus, Ohio.

Rev. C. W. Locher, 1920 G St., Washington, D. C.

Rev. Paul A. Menzel, 2951 Tildon St., Washington, D. C.

Directory of Federal Council 273

Evangelical Church Principals

Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, 836 Center Ave., Reading, Pa.

Rev. A. V. Summers, Louisville, Stark County, Ohio.

Bishop S. P. Spreng, 106 Columbia Ave., Naperville, 111.

Rev. A. E. Hangen, Harrisburg, Pa. Methodist Episcopal Church Principals

Bishop W. F. McDowell, 2107 Wyoming Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Bishop Thomas Nicholson, 58 East Washington St., Chicago, 111.

Bishop C. B. Mitchell, 157 North Lexington Blvd., St. Paul, Minn.

Rev. William I. Haven, Bible House, Astor Place, New York City.

Rev. C. F. Rice, 158 Middlesex Ave., Medford, Mass.

Dr. A. W. Harris, 150 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Rev. A. B. Storms, Baldwin-Wallace College, Berea, Ohio.

Dr. John R. Mott, 347 Madison Ave., New York City.

Dr. James R. Joy, 150 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Rev. David G. Downey, 150 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Rev. E. S. Tipple, Madison, N. J.

Rev. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111.

Alternates

Bishop T. S. Henderson, 34 E. Elizabeth St., Detroit, Mich.

Bishop E. H. Hughes, 235 Summer St., Maiden, Mass.

Bishop E. G. Richardson, 63 Ponce de Leon Ave., Atlanta, Ga.

Bishop W. F. Conner, "The King Edward," Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. D. D. Forsyth, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. George Elliott, 150 Fifth Ave., New York City.

E. H. Cherrington, Westerville, Ohio

W. E. Massey, Ocean City, N. J.

L. Wilbur Messer, 19 S. LaSalle St., Chicago, 111.

T. F. Holgate, Northwestern Univ., Evanston, 111.

W. T. Rich, 20 Sargent St., Newton, Mass.

Methodist Episcopal Churcht South Principals

Bishop John M. Moore, 1308 Commerce St., Dallas, Tex.

Bishop James Cannon, Jr., 50 Bliss Bldg., Washington, D. C.

Rev. W. W- Pinson, Lambuth Bldg., Nashville, Tenn.

Dean W. F. Tillett, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.

T. S. Southgate, Norfolk, Virginia

Mrs. H. R. Steele, Lambuth Bldg., Nashville, Tenn. Alternates

Rev. Charles D. Bulla, 1416 Scenic Ave., Berkeley, Calif.

Bishop H. A. Bpaz, Seoul, Korea.

Rev. T. McN. Simpson, Lynchburg, Va.

Rev. L. C. Branscombe, First Church, Anniston, Ala.

Pres. H. N. Snyder, Spartanburg, S. C. African Methodist Episcopal Church Principals

Bishop J. H. Jones, Wilberforce, Ohio

Bishop J. M. Connor, 1519 Pulaski St., Little Rock, Ark.

Prof. A. S. Jackson, Waco, Texas. Alternates

Rev. R. C. Ransom, Oceanport, N. J.

Rev. J. Q. Johnson, 520 Avery Place, Memphis, Tenn.

Rev. C. P. Cole, 50 Putnam Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Principals

Bishop George C. Clement, 1425 West Walnut St., Louisville, Ky.

274 Year Book of the Churches

Prof. S. G. Atkins, Slater State Normal College, Winston- Salem, N. C.

Kev. Henry J. Callis, 619 M St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Alternates

Rev. James E. Mason, 249 Columbia Ave., Rochester, N. Y.

S. M. Dudley, 615 F St., N W., Washington, D. C.

Rev. John W. Martin, 4428 W. Belle Place, St. Louis, Mo. Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in America Principals

Bishop N. C. Cleaves, 4145 Enright Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Bishop J. A. Hamlett, 112 Shannon St., Jackson, Tenn.

Rev. William Y. Bell, 218 W. 130th St., New York City A Iternates

Rev. G. L. Word, Miles Memorial College, Birmingham, Ala

Prof. G. F Porter, Lane College, Jackson, Tenn.

Rev. J. R. Starks, 2621 Flora St., Dallas, Texas. Methodist Protestant Church Principal

Rev. Lyman E. Davis, 613 West Diamond, N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Moravian Church Principals

Rev. Paul de Schweinitz, 67 West Church St., Bethlehem, Pa.

A. W. Stephens, 244 Madison Ave., New York City Presbyterian Church in the U* S. A, Principals

Rev. G. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J.

Rev. Joseph A. Vance, First Presbyterian Church, Detroit, Mich.

Rev. Henry C. Swearmgen, St. Paul, Minn.

Thomas D. McCloskey, Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. Lewis Seymour Mudge, Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Alternates

Rev. E. P. Hill, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City

Rev. W. H. Black, Missouri Valley College, Marshall, Mo.

Rev. John A. Marquis, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Rev. William P. Merrill, 112 E. 36th St., New York City.

Dr. J. M F. Finney, 1300 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. Presbyterian Church in the 27. S. Principals

Rev. James I. Vance, Fifth Ave. and Church St., Nashville, Tenn.

Rev. J. B. Hutton, First Presbyterian Church, Jackson, Miss. Alternates

Rev. H. W. DuBose, Spartanburg Presbyterian Church, Spartan- burg, S. C.

Rev. Ernest Thompson, Charleston Presbyterian Church, Charles- ton, Va.

Primitive Methodist Church Principals

Rev. Elijah Humphries, Billerica Center, Mass.

Rev. J. Hardcastle, 229 Chestnut St., Kewanee, 111. Alternates

Rev. S. T. Nicholls, 2609 West Lehigh Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. J. Proude, 1313 Union St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity and Department

of Christian Social Service Principals

Rt. Rev. Ethelbert Talbot, South Bethlehem, Pa. Rt. Rev. G. A. Beecher, Hastings, Nebr. Robert H. Gardiner, 174 Water St., Gardiner, Me. John M. Glenn, 130 E. 22nd St., New York City

Directory of Federal Council 275

Reformed Church in America Principals

Rev. Albertus T. Broek. 137 S. 6th Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

Rev. Isaac W. Gowen, North Bergen, N. J. A Iternates

Rev. Ame Vennema, 11 Reid Ave., Passaic, N. J. Reformed Church in the U. S. Principals

Rev. Charles E. Schaeffer, 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. H. J. Christman, 257 Linden Ave., Dayton, Ohio.

Rev. Rufus W. Miller, 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Alternates

Rev. T. F. Herman, 556 West James St., Lancaster, Pa.

Franklin P. Brown, 514 Lextmgton Ave., Dayton, Ohio.

Rev. H. H. Apple, Lancaster, Pa. Reformed Episcopal Church Principals

Bishop Robert L. Rudolph, 103 South 36th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Alternates

Rev. Robert W. Peach, 271 Parker St., Newark, N. J.

Rev. William A. Freemantle, 1617 Oxford St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Reformed Presbyterian Church (General Synod) Principals

Rev. John Parks, 5923 Washington Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. Thomas Whyte, 1759 North Marshall St., Philadelphia, Pa. Seventh Day Baptist Churches Principals

Rev. Arthur E. Main, Alfred Theological Seminary, Alfred, N. Y

Rev. A. J. C. Bond, 207 W. 6th St., Plamfield, N. J. Alternates

Pres. Boothe C, Davis, Alfred University, Alfred, 1ST. Y.

Prof. Alfred E. Whitford, Milton, Wis. United Brethren in Christ Principals

L. 0. Miller, 418 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio.

Rev. S. S. Hough, 415 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio.

Bishop William M. Bell, 1509 State St., Harrisburg, Pa. Alternates

Hon. A. S. Krieder, Annville, Pa.

Bishop C. J. Kephart, 3936 Harrison St., Kansas City, Mo.

E. L. Shuey, 204 Central Ave., Dayton, Ohio. United Presbyterian Church Principals

Rev. R. A. Hutchison, 703 Publication Bldg,, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. D. F. McGill, 317 Home Ave., Bellevue, Pa.

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE

Chairman Rev. John M. Moore

520 Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Vice-Chairman , Rev. Rufus W. Miller

15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Recording Secretary Rev. Rivington D. Lord

Hotel Mohawk, Washington and Greene Aves., Brooklyn, N. Y.

276 Year Book of the Churches

Denominational Representatives

Bishop William M. Bell (United Brethren in Christ), 1509 State St.,

Hamsburg, Pa. Eev. William Y. Bell, (Colored Methodist Episcopal Church), 218 W.

130th St., New York City. Rev. William E. Bourquin (Evangelical Synod of N. A.), 595 E. 7th

St., Brooklyn, N. Y-

Bishop S. C. Breyfogel (Evangelical Church), 836 Center Ave., Read- ing, Pa. Rev. Willard D. Burdick (Seventh Bay Baptist Churches), Dunellen,

N. J. Bishop James Cannon, Jr (Methodist Episcopal Church, South), 50

Bliss Bldg, Washington, D. C. Charles S. Crosman (Friends), Brunswick Bldg., 225 Fifth Ave.,

New York City, John M. Glenn (Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity

and Department of Christian Social Service), 130 E. 22d St.,

New York City.

Rev. I. W. Gowen (Reformed Church in America), North Bergen, N. J. Rev. W. H. Hainer (Christian Church), 37 Myrtle Ave., Irvmgton,

N. J. Rev. E. Humphries (Primitive Methodist Church), Bill erica Center,

Mass. Rev. R. A. Hutchison (United Presbyterian Church), 703 Publication

Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Rev. Finis S. Idleman (Disciples of Christ), 142 W. 81st St., New

York City, Rev. Albert G. Lawson (Baptist Churches, North), 400 W. 118th St.

New York City. Rev. Robert A. Ash worth (Alternate for Dr. Lawson), 95 Radford

St., Yonkers, N. Y. Bishop W. L. Lee (African Methodist Episcopal £ion Church), 450

Quincy St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Rev. Thomas H Lewis (Methodist Protestant Church), 2844 Wiscon- sin Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C- Rev. Rivington D. Lord (Free Baptist Churches), Hotel Mohawk,

Washington and Greene Aves., Brooklyn, N. Y. Bev. John A. Marquis (Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.), 156

Fifth Ave., New York City Rev. Harry R. Miles (Congregational Churches), 107 Dwight St.,

New Haven, Conn. Rev. Robert Westly Peach (Reformed Episcopal Church), 271 Parker

St., Newark, N. J. Rev. Harry E, Stocker (Moravian Church), 309 W. 93d St., New

York City. Rev. George Summey (Presbyterian Church in the U. S.), 3002 De

Soto St., New Orleans, La. Rev. J. M. Wells (Alternate for Dr. Summey), Columbia Theological

Seminary, Columbia, S. C. Rev. J. Timmerman (Christian Reformed Church), 129 Fourth Ave,

Paterson, N. J. Rev. Ezra S. Tipple (Methodist Episcopal Church), Drew Theological

Seminary, Madison, N. J. A. Hice Watterson (Reformed Presbyterian Church— General Synod)

R. F. D., Industry, Pa

Rev. S. G. Yahn (Churches of God— General Eldership), 102 N. 13th St., Harrisburg, Pa.

Directory of Federal Council 277

Representatives of Affiliated, Cooperating and Consultative Bodies

Rev. Charles L. Thompson (Home Missions Council), 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Mrs. Fred S. Bennett (Council of Women for Home Missions), 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Miss Grace Lindley (Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- sions), 281 Fourth Ave., New York City.

Dr. Robert L. Kelly (Council of Church Boards of Education), 111 Fifth Ave., New Yoik City.

Dr. Hugh S. Magill (International Sunday School Council of Religious Education), 5 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

Rev. William I. Haven (American Bible Society), -Bible House, Astor Place, New York City.

E. T. Cpltpn (International Committee Young Men's Christian Asso- ciations), 347 Madison Ave., New York City.

Miss Mabel Cratty (National Board Young Women's Christian Asso- ciations), 600 Lexington Ave., New York City.

Fenn-ell P. Turner (Committee of Reference and Counsel of the For- eign Missions Conference of N. A.), 25 Madison Ave., New York City.

Rev. S. G. Inman (Committee on Cooperation m Latin America), 25 Madison Ave-, New York City.

Robert P. Wilder (Student Volunteer Movement), 25 Madison Ave., New York City.

Members at Large

Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthony, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Rev. Charles E. Burton, 287 Fourth Ave., New York City.

Rev. William L Chamberlain, 25 East 22d St., New York City.

Robert H. Gardiner, Gardiner, Me.

Rev. Howard B. Grose, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Prof. John R. Hawkins, 1541 Fourteenth St., N. W,, Washington, D. C.

Dr. James R. Joy, 150 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Alfred R. Kimball, 105 E. 22d St., New York City.

Rev. Frederick Lynch, 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Dr. John R. Mott, 347 Madison Ave., New York City.

Dr. Robert E. Speer, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

James M. Speers, 345 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Rev. Augustus Steimle, 174 W. 93d St., New York City.

Rev. George U. Wenner, 319 E. 19th St., New York City.

Rev. Charles L. White, 23 E. 26th St., New York City.

Bishop Luther B. Wilson,, 150 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Members of the Federal Council

Northern Baptist Convention

Rev. J. Y. Aitchison, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Prof. William H. Allison, Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y.

Prof. F. L. Anderson, 169 Homer St., Newton Center, Mass.

Rev. Robert A. Ashworth, 95 Radford St., Yonkers, N. Y.

Pres. C. A. Barbour, 300 Alexander St., Rochester, N. Y.

Rev. L. C. Barnes,j23 East 26th St., New York City.

Rev. Win. C Bitting, 5109 Waterman Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. G. N. Brink, 1701 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

E. S. Clinch, 41 Park Row, New York City.

Pres. W. H. P. Faunce, Brown University, Providence, R. I.

Rev. J. H. Franklin, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City.

A. H. Gordon, Buffalo, N. Y.

Pres. C. D. Gray, Bates College, Lewiston, Me.

Rev. Howard B. Grose, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City.

278 Year Book of the Churches

Rev. E. A. Hanley, First Baptist Church, Berkeley, Calif. Eev. M. A. Levy, 40 Bartlett Ave , Pittsfield, Mass. Rev. Albert G. Lawson, 400 West 118th St., New York City. J. W. Million, Des Homes, Iowa,

Dean Shailer Mathews, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth St., Rochester, N. Y. Rev. John M. Moore, 520 Nostranci Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. H. W. Peabody, Beverly, Mass. Pres. Rush Rhees, Rochester, N. Y. W, C. Richardson, 26 Broadway, New York City Rev. C. H. Sears, 276 Fifth Ave., New York City. Rev. H. F. Stilwell, 1132 Schofield Bldg , Cleveland, Ohio. Rev. H. J. White, 1.36 Sigoumey St., Hartford, Conn. Rev. C. L. White, 23 East 26th St., New York City. National Baptist Convention

Rev. J. R. Bennett, 1614 W. 2d St., Chester, Pa.

Rev. J. A. Booker, Baptist College, Little Rock, Ark.

Rev. J. M. Booker, Kansas City, Mo.

Rev. J. W. Bowren, Kansas City, Kans.

Rev. W. W. Brown, 143 West 131st St., New York City.

Dr. P. James Bryant, 402 Auburn Ave., Atlanta, Ga.

Rev. J. R. Burdette, Houston, Tex.

Rev. J. T. Caston, 4348 Bell Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. R. M. Caver, Little Rock, Ark.

Rev. E. M. Cohron, St. Joseph, Mo.

Rev. A. A. Cosey, Mound Bayou, Miss.

Rev. Felix A. Curtright, care Y. M. C. A., Des Moines, Iowa.

Rev. T. O. Fuller, Memphis, T'enn.

Rev. J. Goins, 2010 East llth St , Kansas City, Mo.

Rev. J. W. Goodgame, Birmingham, Ala.

Rev. W. F. Graham, 1631 Christian St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Dr. S. E. Griggs, Memphis, Tenn.

Rev. H. H. Harris, 4299-C Lucky St., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. William Haynes, Nashville, Tenn.

Rev. J. H. Henderson, 328 Patton St., Knoxville, Tenn.

H. W. Holloway, Box 287, Helena, Ark.

Rev, E. W. D. Isaac, 409 Gray St., Nashville, Tenn.

Rev. W. H. Jernagin, 1341 3d St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Rev. A. M. Johnson, Baptist Church, Oklahoma City, Okla.

Rev. L. G. Jordan, Apt. 3, 2032 Bambndge St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. J. E. Knox, 602 East 14th St , Austin, Texas.

Rev. W. F. Lovelace, Wynne, Ark.

Rev. George McNeal, 1816 North 3d St., Kansas City, Kans.

Rev. W. H. Moses, 666 North 13th St. Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. S. A. Mosley, 2814 Pine St.., St. Louis, Mo.

Dr. C. H. Parrish, 847 South 6th St., Louisville, Ky.

D. S. Shadd, Helena, Ark.

Rev. George E. Stevens, 4265 Finney Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

W. H. Steward, 608 South 5th St., Louisville, Ky.

Dr. A. J. Stokes, Montgomery, Ala.

Rev. I. A. Thomas, 1717 Benson Ave., Evanston, 111.

Dr. C. T. Walker, Augusta, Ga.

Rev. B. J. F. Wesbrooks, 520 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Ind.

W. W. Whitton, 9 Lumpkin St , Memphis, Tenn.

Rev. Thomas H. White, 456 York St , Jersey City, N. J.

Rev. A. Wilbanks, 937 S St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Rev. E. Arlington Wilson, 2813 Thomas Ave., Dallas, Tex.

Rev. L. K. Williams, 3115 South Park Ave., Chicago, 111.

Directory of Federal Council 279

Free Baptist Churches

Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony, 156 5th Ave., New York City.

Rev. Rivington D. Lord, Mohawk Hotel, Washington and Greene Aves., Brooklyn,, N. Y.

Pres. Henry F. McDonald, Harper's Ferry, W. Va.

Dr. Joseph W. Mauck, 173 Hillsdale St., Hillsdale, Mich.

Rev. George F. Mosher, 107 Howland St., Roxbury, Mass.

Rev. Thomas H. Stacy, Sandwich Center, N. H. General Convention of the Christian Church

Rev. W. W. Staley, Suffolk, Va.

Rev J. 0. Atkinson, Elon College, N, C.

Pres. Frank G. Coffin, Albany, Mo.

Rev. Martyn Summerbell, Lakemont, N. Y.

Col. J. E. West, Suffolk, Va.

Rev. J. F. Burnett, Dayton, Ohio. A Iternates

Rev. W. G. Sargent, 138 Lenox Ave., Elmwood Station, Providence, R. I.

Rev. Hugh A. Smith, Versailles, Ohio.

Rev L. E. Smith, Norfolk, Va.

W. R. Sailer, Milford, N. J.

Rev. A. M. Kerr, C. P. A., Dayton, Ohio. Churches of God in N. A. (General Eldership).

Rev. Wm. Harris Guyer, Findlay College, Findlay, Ohio.

Rev. John W. Whisler, 310 Frazer St., Findlay, Ohio.

Rev. H. Dixon Boughter, 1512 North Main St., Decatur, 111.

Rev. J. A. Detter, 2735 Canby St., Harnsburg, Pa. Congregational Churches

Rev. Arthur H. Armstrong, 901 Federal Reserve Bank Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. Edmund A. Burnham, 134 Winthrop St., Taunton, Mass.

Rev. Allen E. Cross, 28 Claflin St., Milford, Mass.

Rev. William J. Campbell,' 1530 Elm St., Youngstown, Ohio.

Rev. Alexander C. Garner, 48 Edgecomb Ave., New York City.

Rev. Frank H. Fox, 946 West Park Place, Oklahoma City, Okla.

Rev. Ernest M. Halliday, 287 Fourth Ave., New York City.

Rev. Ira J. Houston, Iowa City, Iowa.

Rev. Theodore B. Lathrop, 131 Pearl St., Framingham, Mass.

Rev. William T. McElveen, First Congregational Church, Port- land, Oreg.

Prof. C. Rexford Raymond, Berea, Ky.

Ralph Flanders, Springfield, Vt.

A. W. Fagerstrom, Worthington, Minn.

Pres. Edward F. Green, Starr, N. C.

Marion Lawrance, 1516 Mailers Bldg., Chicago, 111.

Rev. H. F. Holton, 14 Oakland Ave., Brockton, Mass.

Rev. E. T. Root, Room 427, 6 Beacon St.,, Boston, Mass,

Rev. E. B. Sanford, Rockfall, Conn.

Prof. Edwin C. Norton, Claremont, Calif.

Rev. M. H. Wallace, Plantsville, Conn.

Hon. Wayne B. Wheeler, Bliss Bldg., Washington, D. C.

Rev. Benjamin S. Winchester, R. F. D. 9, Fairfield, Conn.

Hon. JokrTM. Whitehead, 646 Garfield St., Janesville, Wis. Alternates

Rev. John Gordon, Rockford, 111.

Rev. Albert J. Lord, Meriden, Conn.

Rev. Chas. S. Hagar, 1 Ramsey Place, Albany, N. Y.

Rev. Alfred V. Bliss, Room 406, 14 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

280 Year Book of the Churches

Rev. Charles Harbutt, 95 Exchange St , Portland, Me.

Rev. Wm. N. DeBerry, 643 Union St., Springfield, Mass.

Rev. James M. Lewis, Sandwich, 111.

Rev. Edward W. Cross, Grmnell, Iowa.

Rev. Warren S. Archibald, Hartford, Conn.

Rev. A. J. Sullens, 207 Guardian Trust Bldg., Denver, Colo.

Rev. Jason Noble Pierce, 1738 Lamer Place, Washington, D. C.

Rev. Henry Stiles Bradley, Portland, Me.

G. L. Dunham, Brattleboro, Vt.

F. W. Chamberlain, Evanston, 111.

Prof. F. E. Jenkins, Demorest, Ga.

Marquis Eaton, 105 S. La Salle St., Chicago, 111.

Rev. B. F Willmott, 170 Townsend St., Roxbury, Mass.

Rev. Henry K. Booth, Long Beach, Calif.

Rev. B. G. Mattson, Manistee, Mich.

Wto. Knowles Cooper, Y. M. C. A., Washington, D. C.

W. W. Mills, Marietta, Ohio.

Rev. Roy M. Houghton, New Haven, Conn.

Rev. Edwin B. Robinson, 171 Cabot St., Holyoke, Mass. Christian Reformed Church

Rev. Henry Beets, 737 Madison Ave., S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Rev. J. Timmerman, 129 Fourth Ave., Paterson, N. J.

Rev. J. Dolfin, 155 Terrace St., Muskegon, Mich. Disciples of Christ

Rev. B. A. Abbott, 2712 Pine St., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. Peter Ainslie, 504 North Fulton Ave., Baltimore, Md.

Rev. F. W. Bumham, 1501 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. George A. Campbell, Union Ave. Christian Church, St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. J. J. Castleberry, 1116 Cypress Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Rev. C. M. Chilton, 10th and Edmund Sts., St. Joseph, Mo.

Rev. A. E. Cory, Gordon St. Christian Church, Kingston, N. C.

Pres. R. H. Crossneld, William Woods College, Fulton, Mo.

John Ray Ewers, 1313 Denniston Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. R. Graham Frank, Central Christian Church, Dallas, Tex.

Rev. John R. Golden, 236 North Edward St., Decatur, 111.

Rev. J. H. Goldner, Euclid Avenue Christian Church, Cleve- land, Ohio.

W. H. Hoover, North Canton, Ohio.

Rev. Ray E. Hunt, 164 North 18th St., East Orange, N. J.

Rev. Finis S. Idleman, 142 West 81st St., New York City.

Rev. Edgar D. Jones, Central Christian Church, Detroit, Mich.

R. A. Long, 601 R. A. Long Bldg., Kansas City, Mo.

Frank H. Main, Penn Bldg., 15th and Chestnut Sts., Philadel- phia, Pa.

A. E. McBee, 120 Broadway, New York City.

Pres. I. N. McCash, Phillips University, East Enid, Okla.

Rev. C. S. Medbury, University Station, Des Moines, Iowa.

Rev. H. 0. Pritchard, 222 Downey Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Rev. W. F. Rothenburger, Springfield, 111.

C. M. Rodefer, Bellaire, Ohio.

Prof. Alva W. Taylor, 821 Occidental Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind.

Rev. L. N. D. Wells, 4708 Gaston Ave., Dallas, Tex.

Rev. Earl Wilfley, 1483 Harvard St., Washington, D. C.

Rev. Herbert L. Willett, 19 South La Salle St., Chicago, 111. Alternates

Rev. Z. T. Sweeney, Columbus, Ind.

Rev. F. D. Kershner, 1306 28th St., Des Moines, Iowa.

Directory of Federal Council 281

Rev Carey E. Morgan, 325 22d Ave., N. Nashville, Tenn.

Rev. John McD. Home, 307 E. Main St., Lebanon, Ind.

Pres. Miner L. Bates, Hiram, Ohio.

Rev. C. E. Cobbey, Bethany, Nebr.

Rev. E. M. Waits, Fort Worth, Tex.

W. Palmer Clarkson, 2712 Pine St., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. Carl Agge, Roosevelt Blvd. and Tenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. B. H. Melton, 3615 Macomb St., Washington, D. C.

Rev. F. M. Gordon, 69 Schermerhorn St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Rev. B. H. Linville, Harlem Avenue Christian Church, Balti- more, Md.

Rev. E. H. Wray, 227 Richmond Ave., Buffalo, N. Y.

Dr. G. W. Riley, 14 East 31st St., New York City.

Samuel B. Lindsay, 503 D. S. Morgan Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y.

Rev. M. W. Williams, 241 Park Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Rev. T. E. Winter, 648 40th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. H. D. C. Maclachlan, Richmond, Va.

Rev. C. M. Watson, 1610 Colonial Ave., Norfolk, Va.

Rev. J. B. Hunley, Richmond, Va.

Rev. C. R. Stauffer, 9th and D Sts., N. E., Washington, D. C.

Rev. P. H. Welshimer, Canton, Ohio.

Rev. L. G. Batman, 1643 Elm St., Youngstown, Ohio.

Rev. Cloyd Goodnight, Bethany, W. Va.

Rev. C. C. Morrison, 508 South Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.

Rev. A. B. Philputt, 1330 North New Jersey St., Indianapolis, Ind.

G. M. Kirby, 43 Jewatt Parkway, Buffalo, N. Y.

E. M. Bowman, 1 W. 67th St., New York City- Friends

Stephen M. Hadley, Penn College, Oskaloosa, Iowa.

Mrs. Mary Doane Hole, 615 National Road W., Richmond, Ind.

Murray S. Kenworthy, 20 South 12th St., Philadelphia. Pa.

Miss Mary S. Paige, 50 East Chatham St., East Lynn, Mass. .

Albert G. Shepard, Clmtondale, N. Y.

Walter C. Woodward, 101 South 8th St., Richmond, Ind. Alternates

Margaret T. Carey, 1004 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md.

Samuel L. Haworth, 108 West Green St., High Point, N. C.

Richard R. Newby, Wichita, Kans.

Dr. Wm. V. Coffin, 519 Earlham Drive, Whittier, Calif.

Mrs. Mary M. Harold, Danville, Ind.

Theodore Foxworthy, Spiceland, Ind. Evangelical Synod of N. A..

Rev. John Baltzer, 2013 St. Louis Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. D. Bruning, 1300 E. Fayette St , Baltimore, Md.

Bev. Charles Enders, 1707 Prospect Ave., Kansas City, Mo.

Rev. Paul A. Menzel, 2951 Tilden St., Washington, D. C.

Rev. J. H. Horstman, 1716 Chouteau Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. T. Lehmann, 674 South High St., Columbus, Ohio.

Rev. C. W. Locher, 1920 G St., Washington, D. C.

Rev. R. Niebuhr, 2726 Lothrop Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Rev. S. D. Press, 1621 Hunt Road, St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. J. U. Schneider, 116 Lower 6th St., Evansville, Ind. Evangelical Church

Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, 836 Center Ave., Reading, Pa.

Bishop J. F. Dunlap, Lewisburg, Pa.

Rev. E. G. Frye, 1903 Woodland Ave., S. E., Cleveland, Ohio.

Dr. G. B. Kimmel, Pres. Evangelical Theol. Sem., Naperville, 111.

282 , Year Book of the Churches

Bishop M. T. Maze, Le Mars, Iowa.

Bishop L. H. Seager, Northwestern College, Naperville, 111.

Bishop S. P. Spreng, 106 Columbia Ave., Naperville, 111.

Rev. T. C. Meckel, 1903 Woodland Ave., S. E., Cleveland, Ohio.

Alternates

John J. Arnold, 418 Central Park West, Apt. 76, New York City.

Rev. J. Q. A. Curry, 210 Morrison Ave., Johnstown, Pa.

Eev. H. C. Lilly, 2125 Union St., Hamilton Paik, Allentown, Pa.

Rev. D. C. Ostroth, 15 Wmterhill Circle, Somerville, Mass. Methodist Episcopal Church

Bishop W. F. Anderson, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Bishop J. F. Berry, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Bishop T S Henderson, 34 East Elizabeth St., Detroit, Mich.

Bishop E. H. Hughes, 235 Summer St., Maiden, Mass.

Bishop Francis J. McConnell, 524 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Bishop W. F. McDowell, 2107 Wyoming Ave., Washington, D. C.

Bishop C B. Mitchell, 157 North Lexington Blvd., St. Paul, Minn.

Bishop C. L. Mead, First Methodist Church, Denver, Colo.

Bishop Thomas Nicholson, 58 East Washington St., Chicago, 111.

Bishop W. A. Quayle, Baldwin, Kans.

Bishop E. G. Richardson, Ponce de Leon Ave., Atlanta, Ga.

Bishop Luther B. Wilson, 150 5th Ave., New York City.

Rev. B. F. Abbott, 209 N. Leffingwell Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. C. E. Bacon, Y. M. C. A , Indianapolis, Ind.

Rev. P. A. Baker, Westerville, Ohio.

Rev. J. A. Beebe, 72 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass.

Rev J. H. Bell, 504 Whitley Ave., New Haven, Conn.

Rev. C. M. Boswell, 409 South 51st St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. W. S. Bovard, 58 E. Washington St., Chicago, 111.

Rev. Dillon Bronson, Church of All Nations, Boston, Mass.

Rev. W. E. Brown, 141 Comstock Place, Syracuse, N. Y.

Rev. Dan B. Brummitt, 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111.

Rev. L. C. Clark, American University, Washington, D. C.

Rev. W. F. Conner, The King Edward, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. R. E. Diffendorfer, 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111.

Rev. D. G. Downey, 150 5th Ave., New York City.

Rev. George Elliott, 150 5th Ave., New York City.

Rev. D. D. Forsyth, Arch and 17th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. G. R. Grose, Greencastle, Ind.

Rev. William I. Haven, Bible House, Astor Place, New York City.

Rev. L. 0. Hartman, 581 Boylston St., Boston, Mass.

Rev. J. B. Hingeley, 1101 Garland Bldg., Chicago, 111.

Rev. F. W. Hixson, Alleghany College, Meadville, JPa.

Rev. A. E. Kirk, Winfield, Kans.

Rev. W. W. King, 417 Maple Boulevard, Kansas City, Mo.

Rev. F. M. Larkin, 3 City Hall Ave., San Francisco, Calif.

Rev. Titus Lowe, 75 Midland Ave., Montclair, N. J.

Rev. H. K. Madsen, First Norwegian-Danish Church, Minne- apolis, Minn.

Rev. Wallace MacMullen, 150 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Rev. W. N. Mason, Pittsburg, Kans.

Rev. P. J. Maveety, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Rev. H. H. Meyer, 150 5th Ave., New York City.

Rev. E. L. Mills, Artisans Bldg., Portland, Oreg.

Rev. E. M. Mills, 101 Comstock Place, Syracuse, N. Y.

Rev L. C. Murdock, Montgomery County, Hatboro, Pa.

Rev. H. E. Murkett, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Directory of Federal Council 283

Rev. J. C. Nate, East Orange, N, J

Rev. Frank Mason North, 150 5th Ave., New York City.

Rev. F. P. Parkin, 701 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. C, F. Rice, 158 Middlesex Ave., Medford, Mass.

Rev. S. A. D. Rogers, Stockton, Kans.

Rev. C. B. Spencer, 1121 McGee St., Kansas City, Mo.

Rev. A. B. Storms, Baldwin Wallace College, Berea, Ohio.

Rev. C. M. Stuart, 621 Foster St., Evanston, 111.

Rev. J. W. R. Sumwalt, 318 West 57th St., New York City.

Rev, William Swenson, 1717 North Fairfield Ave., Chicago, 111.

Rev. John Thompson, 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111.

Rev. E. S. Tipple, Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J.

Rev. E. F. Tittle, Evanston, 111.

Rev. Samuel Van Pelt, 203 North Plymouth St., Los Angeles,

Calif.

Rev. C. E. Veronilyea, 3 City Hall Ave., San Francisco, Calif. Rev. J. J. Wallace, 524 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. Rev. E. C. Wareing, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. Robert Watt, 2310 Market St., Wilmington, Del. Rev. E. L. Watson, Roland Park M. E. Church, Baltimore, Md. Rev. H. A. Wheeler, Union Trust Co., 7 S. Dearborn St., Chicago,

Rev. E. R. Zaring, 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111. Alternates

J. B. Bradshaw, Minneapolis, Minn. Ernest H. Cherrington, Westerville, Ohio. C. P. Colgrove, 1079 N. Marengo St., Pasadena, Calif. Hanford Crawford, Marble Head, Mass. George W. Dixon, 426 South 5th Ave., Chicago, 111. F. C. Dunn, 52 Central St., Gardner, Mass. A. S. Elford, 1057 Summit Ave., (North), Seattle, Wash.

F. D. Gardner, 4508 Pine St., St. Louis, Mo. Charles S. Gibson, 649 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. Dr. A. W. Harris, 150 5th" Ave., New York City.

T. F. Holgate, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111.

Robert Hughes, 740 Rush St., Chicago, 111.

James R. Joy, 150 5th Ave., New York City.

C. W. Kinne, 1012 A. M. B. Bldg., Jacksonville, Fla.

0. G. Markham, Baldwin, Kans.

L. Wilbur Messer, 19 South LaSalle St., Chicago, 111.

W. E. Massey, Ocean City, N. J.

John R. Mott, 347 Madison Ave., New York City.

W. T. Rich, 20 Sargent St., Newton, Mass.

A. P. Sloan, 141 Broadway, New York City.

G. M. Spurlock, York, Nebr. Methodist Episcopal Church, South

Bishop W. N. Ainsworth, 106 Cleveland Ave., Macon, Ga.

Bishop *James Atkins, Lake Junaluska, N. C.

Bishop James Cannon, Jr., 50 Bliss Bldg., Washington, D. C.

Bishop John M. Moore, 1308 Commerce St., Dallas, Tex.

Bishop W. B. Murrah, 1615 Central Ave., Memphis, Tenn.

Rev. S. H. Babcock, Holdenville, Okla.

S. H. Bland, Troy, Ala.

Rev. L. C. Branscomb, First Church, Anniston, Ala.

Rev. C. D. Bulla, 1416 Scenic Ave., Berkeley, Calif.

M. L. Burton, Jackson, Miss.

C. K. Campbell, Roswell, New Mexico.

Rev. F. A. Carter, Sweetwater, Tenn.

284 Year Book of the Churches

Judge J. E. Cockrell, 4107 Gaston Ave , Dallas, Tex.

D. B. Coltrane, Concord, N. C.

Eev. R. E. Dickenson, First Methodist Church, Vernon, Tex.

Mrs. J. H. Dickey, Louisville, Ky.

Rev. W. F. Dunkle, 314 E. Palm Ave., Tampa, Fla.

Rev. Plato Durham, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.

John E. Edgerton, Nashville, Tenn. *

Rev. J. D. French, Emory, Va.

Rev. George Gibson, 5614 Swiss Ave., Dallas, Tex.

Thomas Gregory, Corpus Christi, Tex.

C. P. Hammond, Spartanburg, S. C.

Rev. W. S. Hays.

Rev. Curwen Henley, Murphysboro, 111.

Rev. Forney Hutchmson, Oklahoma City, Okla

Mrs. Luke Johnson, P. 0. Box 1909, Atlanta, Ga.

Rev. James Kilgore, Dallas, Tex.

C. W. Lamus, Shelbina, Mo.

Thomas Mellow, 6633 Vermont Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Judge E. D. Newman, Woodstock, Va.

Rev. F. N. Parker, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.

Rev. W. F. Quillian, Wesleyan College, Macon, Ga.

C. M. Reeves, Conway, Ark.

Senator Joe T. Robinson, Little Rock, Ark.

H. S. Shangle, Milton, Oreg.

Rev. R. G. Smith, La Grange, Ga.

Mrs. Hume R. Steele, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn.

E. F. Story, Franklin, Va.

L. M. Stratton, Memphis, Tenn Judge W. A. Tarver, Corsicana, Tex. C. S. Wallace, Morehead City, N. C.

Rev. E. 0. Watson, 937 Woodward Bldg., Washington, D. C. R. M. Weaver, Corinth, Miss. R. T. Webb, B arbours ville, W. Va.

Rev. S. H. Werlein, 1412 So. Harvard Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. Rev. G. B. Wmton, 408 Security Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. C. M. Woodward, Dallas, Tex. African Methodist Episcopal Church

Rev. R. H. Bumry, 636 Chauncy St , Pittsburgh, Pa. Rev. J. E, Beard, 194 St. Philips St., Charleston, S. C. Rev. C. P. Cole, 50 Putnam Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Bishop J. M. Conner, 1519 Pulaski St,5 Little Rock, Ark. Rev. W. P. Q. Byrd, Box 203, Mound Bayou, Miss. Bishop L. F. J. Coppin, 1913 Bainbridge St., Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. J. A. Gregg, Wilberforce University^ Wilberforce, Ohio. Bishop John Hurst, 1808 McCulloh St., Baltimore, Md. Prof. J. R. Hawkins, 1541 14th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Bishop J. A. Johnson, 1412 N. 18th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. John Quincy Johnson, 520 Avery Place, Memphis, Tenn. Bishop J. H. Jones, Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, Ohio. Rev. J. A. Lindsay, Morris Brown College, Atlanta, Ga. Bishop H. B. Parks, 3312 Calumet Ave., Chicago, 111. Prof. L. B. Kincheon, 702 S. Pearl St , Belton, Tex. Rev. S. A. Williams, St. Petersburg, Fla. Rev. A. J. Wilson, 308 North 6th St., Wilmington, N. C. African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church

Bishop Josiah S. Caldwell, 420 South llth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Bishop George L. Blackwell, 420 South llth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Bishop L. W. Kyles, 1612 E. 14th St., Winston-Salem, N. C.

Directory of Federal Council 285

Bishop Wm. L. Lee, 450 Quincy St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Bishop George C. Clement, 1425 W. Walnut St., Louisville, Ky.

Bishop J. W. Wood, Indianapolis, Ind.

Bishop P. A. Wallace, 522 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Rev. J. W. Martin, 4428 W. Belle Place, St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. H. J. Callis, 619 M St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Rev. James E. Mason, 249 Columbia Ave , Rochester, N. Y.

Rev. W. C. Brown, 347 Bridge St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dr. Simon G. Atkins, Slater State Normal School, Winston- Salem, N. C.

Dr. D. C. Suggs, Salisbury, N. C.

Prof. W. J. Trent, Atlanta, Ga. Alternates

Rev. Wm. Y. Bell, 218 W. 130th St., New York City.

Rev. H. D. Denson, Springfield, Mass.

Bishop R, A. Carter, 4408 Vmcennes St., Chicago, 111.

Prof. G. F. Porter, Lane College, Jackson, Tenn.

W. A. Bell, Atlanta, Ga. Colored MetJiodist Episcopal Church

Bishop C. H. Phillips, 10828 Drexel Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Bishop R S. Williams, 912 15th St., Augusta, Ga.

Bishop E. Cottrell, Holly Spnngs, Miss.

Rev. C. H. Tobias, 347 Madison Ave., New York City.

Rev. R. J. Brown, Miles Memorial College, Birmingham, Ala.

Bishop J. A. Hamlett, 112 Shannon St., Jackson, Tenn.

Rev. J. A. Walker, Paine College, Augusta, Ga.

Rev. G. T. Long, 717 E St., N. E., Washington, D. C.

Rev. S. B. Wallace, Israel C. M. E. Church, 1st and B Sts., S. W., Washington, D. C.

Prof. H. A. Knox, Ensley, Ala.

Rev. L. H. Brown, 2167 East 76th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Methodist Protestant Church

Rev. T. H. Lewis, 2844 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D. C.

Rev. L. E. Davis, 613 West Diamond St., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. F. T. Benson, 316 North Charles St., Baltimore, Md.

Rev. H. L. Elderdice, Westminster Theol. Sem., Westminster, Md.

Rev. C. S. Johnson, St. Joe, Ind.

Rev. H. L. Feeman, Adrian College, Adrian, Mich.

H. J. Safford, Inwood, Long Island, N. Y.

J, Norman Wills, Greensboro, N. C. Moravian Church

Rt. Rev. Edward Rondthaler, Winston- Salem, N. C.

Rt. Rev. C. L. Moench, 45 W. Church St., Bethlehem, Pa.

Rev. John S. Romig, 1519 N. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. Paul de Schweinitz, 67 West Church St., Bethlehem, Pa. Presbyterian Church in the U, S. A.

Rev. Maitland Alexander, 920 Ridge Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Dr. John Willis Baer, Union National Bank Bldg., Pasadena, Calif.

Hon. E. E. Beard, Lebanon, Tenn.

Rev. Wm. E. Black, Missouri Valley College, Marshall, Mo.

Rev. John F. Carson, 258 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn^ N. Y.

W. M. Cosby, Birmingham, Ala.

Rev. Edgar A. Elmore, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Rev. Charles R. Erdman, 20 Library Place, Princeton, N. J.

Robert S. Fulton, Title Guaranty Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio.

David B. Gamble, 4 Westmoreland Place., Pasadena, Calif.

286 Year Book of the Churches

Rev. Reuben H. Hartley, 369 La Jolla Boulevard, La Jolla, Calif.

Rev. Edgar P. Hill, 156 5th Ave., New York City.

Rev. George E. Hunt, Christ Presbyterian Church, Madison, Wis.

Henry W. Jessup, 27 Cedar St., New York City.

Pres. Warren H. Landon, San Francisco Theological Seminary, San Anselmo, Calif.

Rev. Charles Little, Presbyterian Church, Wabash, Ind.

Rev. Robert Mackenzie, 156 5th Ave., New York City.

John T. Manson, First Nat. Bank Bldg., New Haven, Conn.

Rev. John A. Marquis, 156 5th Ave., New York City.

Prof, J. J. McConnell, 1924 B Ave., Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

Rev. William McKibbin, Lane Theol. Seminary, Walnut Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Rev. Harlan G. Mendenhall, 449 Park Ave., New York City.

Rev^Wm, P. Merrill, 112 East 36th St., New York City.

Rev. George Reynolds, 33 Pintard Ave,, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Prof. Goodman, Holly Springs, Miss.

Prof. J. F, Lane, Lane College, Jackson, Tenn.

Rev. D. H. Jones, First Presbyterian Church, Evanston, 111.

Rev. James H. Snowden, 723 Ridge Ave., N. S , Pittsburgh, Pa,

Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton Theol. Seminary, Prince- ton, N. J.

Rev. John Timothy Stone, 126 East Chestnut St., Chicago, 111.

T. W. Synnott, Wenonah, N. J.

Pres. William 0. Thompson, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Rev. Joseph A. Vance, First Presbyterian Church, Detroit, Mich.

Rev. R. E. Williams, 5137 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. Alternates

Rev, George Alexander, 47 University Place, New York City.

Rev. Alexander Alison, Jr., First Presbyterian Church, Bridge- port, Conn.

Rev. A. H. Barr, 808 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md.

John A. Bell, Iroquois Apartments, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. John T. Bergen, 632 East 18th St., Minneapolis, Minn,

Hon. Wm. Jennings Bryan, "Fairview," Lincoln, Nebr.

Rev. John Dixon, 156 5th Aye., Itfew York City.

Rev. John S. Edenburn, 38 Melrose Ave., Toledo, Ohio.

Rev. Robert Freeman, Pasadena Presbyterian Church, Pasadena, Calif.

Rev. Baxter P. Fullerton, 1220 Arcade Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

Charles S. Holt, Room 1010, 11 South LaSalle St., Chicago, 111.

Rev. Robert Hunter, 2902 Frankfort Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. Wjn. Beatty Jennings, 6012 Greene St., Germantown, Pa.

Robert Johnston, 5111 Raympnd Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. M. D. Kneeland, Winchester, Mass.

Rev. Mark A. Matthews, First Presbyterian Church, Seattle, Wash.

Rev. Hugh B. McCauley, Paterson, N. J.

Rev. J. G. K. McClure, 2348 N. Halsted St., Chicago, 111.

Hon. Cyrus H. McCormack, 606 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.

Rev. Wm. L. McEwan, 836 South Negley St,, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. Frank C. McKean, Central Presbyterian Church, Des Moines, Iowa.

V. E. Middlebrook, Nacogdoches, Tex.

Rev. R. Ames Montgomery, Danville, Ky.

Directory of Federal Council 287

Logan C. Murray, Princeton, N. J.

H. S. Nichols, 346 Palham Road, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. A* McD. Paterson, First Presbyterian Church, Newbury- port, Mass.

Hon. Mahlon Pitney, Supreme Court of U. S., Washington, D. C.

Rev. Wallace Radcliffe, 1675 31st St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Rev. Daniel Russell, 236 West 73d St., New York City.

Rev. U. Franklin Smiley, Dormont, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. Samuel M. Templeton, Rockwall, Tex,

Hon. M. B. Templeton, Dallas, Tex.

Frederick A. Wallis, Ellis Island, N. Y.

Rev. Edgar W. Work, 631 West End Ave., New York City. Presbyterian Church in the U. S.

Hon. A. M. Aiken, Chester, S. C.

Rev. R. F. Campbell, First Presbterian Church, Asheville, N. C.

Rev W, S Campbell, Editor, Presbyterian of the South, Old Dominion Trust Bldg., Richmond, Va.

Rev. S. H. Chester, 156 5th Ave., N., Nashville, Tenn.

Rev. William Crowe, 5625 Gates Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. A. B. Curry, 1730 Glenwood Place, Memphis, Tenn.

Hon. Willis M. Everett, 679 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, Ga.

Rev. J. B. Hutton, First Presbyterian Church, Jackson, Miss.

Rev. J. L. Mauze, Huntmgton Presbyterian Church, Huntington W. Va.

Rev. R. H. McCaslin, Box 775, Jacksonville, Fla.

Rev. E. D. McDougall, Jackson, Tenn.

Rev. L. E. McNair, Jacksonville Presbyterian Church, Jackson- ville, Fla.

Rev. G. T. Storey, Bay City Presbyterian Church, Bay City, Tex.

Rev. George Summey, 3002 De Soto St., New Orleans, La.

Rev James I. Vance, 154 Fifth Ave , N., Nashville, Tenn.

Rev. John Van Lear, First Presbyterian Church, Little Rock,

Ark. Alternates

Rev. T. M. Boyd, First Presbyterian Church, Tuscaloosa, Ala.

Rev. W. L. Caldwell, Woodland St. Presbyterian Church, Nash- ville, Tenn.

Rev. Melton Clark, Columbia Theol. Seminary, Columbia, S. C.

H. C. DuBose,,Sanford, Fla.

Rev. H. W. DuBose, Spartanburg Presbyterian Church, Spartan- burg, S. C.

Rev. S. M. Glasgow, First Presbyterian Church, Knoxville, Tenn.

Rev. P. B. Hill, 3423 Noble Ave., San Antonio, Tex.

Rev. F. T. McFaden, 3423 Noble Ave., Richmond, Va.

Rev. Homer McMillan, 1522 Hurt Bldg., Atlanta, Ga.

Hon. E. T. Miller, Law Dept, St. Louis, San Francisco Rail- way, Frisco Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. D. H. Ogden, Government St. Presbyterian Church, Mo- bile, Ala.

Rev. J. P. Robertson, Shelbyville, Tenn.

Rev. E. E. Smith, First Presbyterian Church, Owensboro, Ky.

Rev. Ernest Thompson, Charleston Presbyterian Church, Charles- ton, W. Va.

C. W. Wells, Jackson, Miss.

Rev. J. M. Wells, Columbia Theological Seminary, Columbia, S. C. Primitive Methodist

Rev. E. Humphries, Billerica Center, Mass.

Rev. John Hardcastle, 229 Chestnut St., Kewanee, 111.

288 Year Book of the Churches

F. W. Robinson, Olyphant, Pa.

E- J. Curson, 35 Shepherd Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Alternates

Rev. John Proude, 1313 Union St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Rev. S. T. Nicholls, 2609 W. Lehigh Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Tom Brierley, 464 Coggeshall St., Fall River, Mass.

F. Adams, 358 E. Northampton St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Protestant Episcopal Commission on Christian Unity and Department of Christian Social Service

Rt. Rev. Ethelbert Talbot, 825 Delaware Ave., South Bethlehem, Pa.

Rt. Rev. James H. Darlington, 321 N. Front St., Harrisburg, Pa.

Rev. Hugh Birckhead, Emmanuel Church, Baltimore, Md.

Rev. Charles K. Gilbert, 416 Lafayette St., New York City.

Very Rev. C. N. Lathrop, 281 4th Ave., N«ew York City.

Rt. Rev Alexander Mann, P. E. Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Very Rev. Henry B. Washburn, 3 Mason St., Cambridge, Mass.

Robert H. Gardiner, 174 Water St., Gardiner, Me.

John M. Glenn, 130 East 22d St., New York City.

R Fulton Cutting, 32 Nassau St., New York City.

Rt. Rev. Charles H, Brent, 237 North St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Rev. W. Russell Bowie, Grace Episcopal Church, New York City.

Rt. Rev. William Alexander Guerry, Bishop's Office, Charleston, S. C.

Very Rev. Hughell E. W. Fosbroke, General Theological Semi- nary, New York City.

Rev. James E. Freeman, 1317 G St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Very Rev. Howard C. Robbins, Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York City.

Miss Vida D. Scudder, Leighton Road, Wellesley, Mass.

Mrs. G. P. T. Sargent, 306 State St., S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Miss Lucy Sturgis, 66 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass.

Rev. T. D. Wmdiate, Kensington, Md.

Miss Florence Rmggold, Knoxville, Tenn.

Rev. W. A. R. Goodwin, St. Paul's Church, Rochester, N. Y. Alternates

L. B. Franklin, 281 4th Ave., New York City.

Dr. Jeffrey R. Brackett, 220 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass.

Rt. Rev. Nathaniel S Thomas, Ivinson Hall, Laramie, Wyo.

Rt. Rev. James Wise, Bishop's House, Topeka, Kans.

Rt. Rev. Herman Page, 2303 First Ave., Spokane, Wash.

Rev. N. B. Nash* Lincoln, Mass.

Rev. W, J. Loaring Clark, 281 4th Ave., New York City.

Rt. Rev. Arthur W. Moulton, 444 East 1st South St., Salt Lake City, Utah.

Rt- Rev. Theo. DuBose Bratton, Battle Hill, Jackson, Miss.

Rev. Frank H. Nelson, 318 East 4th St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Rev. Holmes Whitmore, St. Paul's Church, Milwaukee, Wis.

Courtenay Barber, 122 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.

F- C. Gilbert, 75 Conant Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Louis Howland, Indianapolis, Ind.

James A. Waterworth, 14 North Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, Mo.

Warren Kearney, 520 South Peters St., New Orleans, La.

Miss Alice L. Simrall, 318 East 4th St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

W. 0. Frohock, Columbus, Ohio.

W, A. Gallup, North Adams, Mass.

R M. H. Wharton, Harrisburg, Pa.

Walter T. Schutz, Hartford, Conn.

Rev. J. Howard Melish, 126 Pierrepont St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Directory of Federal Council 289

H. D. W. English,, 1st National Bank Bldg , Pittsburgh, Pa.

Mrs. George A. Strong, Needham, Mass. Reformed Church in, America

Rev. I. W. Gowen, North Bergen, N. J.

Rev. Ame Vennema, 11 Reid Ave., Passaic, N. J.

Rev. 0. M. Voorhees, 350 East 146th St., New York City.

Rev. F. B Seeley, Kingston, N. Y.

Rev. John E. Kuizenga, 44 East 14th St., Holland, Mich.

Rev. G. C. Lenington, 25 East 22d St., New York City. Alternates

Rev. H. D. B. Mulford, Claverack, N. Y.

Rev. Henry Hospers, Holland, Mich- Rev. C. H. Tyndall, Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

Rev. Arthur Johnson, Hackensack, N. J.

Rev, Taber Knox, Warwick, N. Y.

Rev. Henry Harmeling, 24 East 107th St., Chicago, 111.

Rev. Albertus T. Broek, 137 South 6th Ave , Mt Vernon, N. Y. Reformed Church in the U. S.

Rev. C. E Schaeffer, 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. H. H Apple, Lancaster, Pa.

Rev. H. J. Chnstman, 257 Linden Ave., Dayton, Ohio.

Rev. R. W. Miller, 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev J. M. G. Darms, 225 North St. George St., Allentown, Pa.

Harry E. Paisley, Reading Terminal, Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. Philip Vollmer, 1701 Hunt Road, St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. T. F. Herman, 556 West James St., Lancaster, Pa.

Franklin P. Brown, 514 Lexington Ave., Dayton, Ohio.

Rev. C. E. Miller, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, Ohio.

Rev. James I, Good, 3320 Huffman Ave., Dayton, Ohio. Reformed Episcopal Church

Rev. Thomas J. Mason, 1849 East 86th St., Cleveland, Ohio.

Rev. Robert W. Peach, 271 Parker St., Newark, N. J.

Bishop Robert L. Rudolph, 103 South 36th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Alternates

Rev. W. T. Way, 1611 N. Caroline St, Baltimore, Md.

Rev. W. A. Freemantle, 1617 Oxford St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. Percy T. Edrop, 329 East 51st St., New York City.

Rev. Edward J. Sonne, 6552 Yale Ave., Englewood Station, Chi- cago, 111. Reformed Presbyterian Church — General Synod

Rev. John Parks, 5923 Washington Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. W. P. Harriman, Cedarville, Ohio.

Rev. Thomas Whyte, 1759 North Marshall St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A. Hice Watterson, R. F. D., Industry, Pa. Seventh Day Baptist Church

Rev. A. J. C. Bond, 207 West 6th St., Plainfield, N. J.

Pres. Alfred E. Whitford, Milton College, Milton, Wis.

Pres. Bootbe C. Davis, Alfred University, Alfred, N. Y.

Dean Arthur E. Main, Alfred Theological Seminary, Alfred, N. Y. United Brethren in Christ

Bishop W. M. Bell, 1509 State St., Harrisburg, Pa.

Bishop H. H. Fout, 800 Middle Drive, Woodruff Place, Indianap- olis, Ind.

Rev. W. R. Funk, 404 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio.

Rev. S. C. Enck, United Brethren Church, Philadelphia, Pa.

Rev. S, S. Hough, 415 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio.

Bishop C. J. Kephart, 3936 Harrison St., Kansas City, Mo.

Dean J. P. Landis, 1566 W. 2d St., Dayton, Ohio.

290 Year Book of the Churches

L. 0. Miller, 418 Otterbem Press Bldg, Dayton, Ohio. Howard H. Russell, Anti-Saloon League of America, Westerville,

Ohio.

Rev. J. H. Harris, Station A, 33 W. 5th St., Columbus, Ohio. Rev. J. M. Philhppi, Religious Telescope, 1603 West. 3d St.,

Dayton, Ohio.

Bishop W. M. Weekley, Parkersburg, W. Va. United Presbyterian Church

Rev. R. A. Hutchison, 703 Publication Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

J. JU Hervey, 627 Ferry St., Woodhaven, L. I.

Rev. D. F. McGill, 317 Home Ave., Bellevue, Pa.

H . H. Marhn, 244 South Rebecca St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

W. I. Wishart, 2333 Perrysville Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rev. James N. Knipe, 517 Washington Ave., Albany, N. Y.

Rev. R. A Pollock, 110 East 14th Ave., Denver, Colo.

STATE AND CITY FEDERATIONS

STATE FEDERATIONS

California

Los Angeles, Rev. J. C. Pmkerton, 517 Western Mutual Life Bldg Connecticut

Hartford, Rev. Morris E. Ailing, 27 Lewis Street Indiana

Indianapolis, State Federation of Churches, Y. M. C. A* Bldg.

Massachusetts

Boston, Rev. E. T. Root, 6 Beacon Street. Ohio

Columbus, Rev. B. F. Lamb, Exec. Sec., 406 Gasco Bldg.; Rev. Pennsylvania

Chambersburg, *Rev. Wm. L. Mudge (P), 267 No. Main Street. Honolulu

Honolulu Interchurch Federation, Norman C. Schenk, Honolulu,

T. H. Porto Rico

Evangelical Union of Porto Rico, Rev. P. W. Drury, Ponce, Porto Rico.

CITY FEDERATIONS

California

Fresno, A. W. Louch, Y. M. C. A. Bldg.

Los Angeles, Rev. Joseph A. Stevenson; Miss Clara B. Homer, Assistant, 436 Van Nuys Bldg.

Sacramento, Mrs. M. F. Harbaugh, 208 Y. M. C. A. Bldg.

San Francisco, Rev. Homer K. Pitman, (P) 23d and Mission Sts. Connecticut

Bridgeport, The Association of Churches (Attention, Rev. Maurice J. Dunklee) , 786 Mam St.

Hartford, Rev. Morris E. Ailing, 27 Lewis Street. District of Columbia

Washington, Rev. W. L. Darby, 941 Woodward Bldg. Georgia

Atlanta, James Morton, Y. M. C. A. Bldg. Illinois

Chicago, Walter R. Mee, Exec. Sec., 19 S. LaSalle St.; Emerson 0. Bradshaw, Sec., Commissions on Public Institutions, Daily

Directory of Federal Council 291

Vacation Bible Schools, Religious Education; Mrs. C. L. Holtz- man, Pres., Women's Department.

Indiana

Indianapolis, Kev. C. H. Winders, Y. M. C. A. Bldg. Kansas

Wichita, Rev. Ross W, Sanderson, Y. M. C. A. Bldg.; Miss Mabel Coe, Asso. Sec.

Kentucky

Louisville, *Rev. M. P. Hunt (P), 401 Norton Bldg. Maine

Portland, Mrs. Elbridge Stoneham, 40 Y. M. C. A. Bldg. Maryland

Baltimore, Rev. L. W. McCreary, 1531 Munsey Bldg. Massachusetts

Boston, George L. Paine, Sec., 6 Beacon St., Room 426.

Worcester, Federation of Churches, Y. M. C. A. Bldg. (attention Mr. R. L. Moore).

Michigan

Detroit, Rev. Morton C. Pearson, 407 Charlevoix Bldg., Ex-Sec.; *Rev. Edward R. Bartlett, (S) Supt., Religious Education; Rev. Wm. H. Hoffman, Hospital Pastor; Rev. Edw. L Hughes, Municipal Court Probation Worker; Miss Dolly Milne, Juvenile Court Worker.

Minnesota

Duluth, W. L. Smithies, Y. M. C. A. Bldg.

Minneapolis, Rev. Robert B. Blyth, Archwood Ave. Congrega- tional Church, Cleveland, Ohio.

St. Paul, *Rev. Arthur F. Wittenberger, (P) 514 Midland Trust Bldg.

Missouri

Kansas City, Rev. Ralph C. McAfee, Y, M. C. A. Bldg.

St. .Louis, Rev. Arthur H. Armstrong, 901-5 Federal Reserve Bank Bldg., Exec. Sec.; Rev. Howard Billman, Associate Sec.; Rev. C, P. Kirkendoll, Industrial Sec.; Rev. A. C. Ernst, 204 Lockwood Ave., Webster Grove, Police Court Worker. Nebraska

Lincoln, Miss Eleanora L. Miller, Exec. Sec., Y. M. C. A. Bldg. New Jersey

Atlantic City, Rev. Eugene L. Nixon, 223 Chelsea Nat'l Bank Bldg.

Moorestown, Miss Sara Carpenter, Acting Sec., 36 E. Main St.

Newark, Mrs. Susan L. Knapp, Office Sec., Park Presbyterian Church.

Passaic, Rev. C. Arthur Lincoln, 169 Prospect St.

Paterson, Rev. Hugh B. MacCauley, 328-A Ellison Street. New York

Brooklyn, Rev. Frederick M. Gordon, 69 Schermerhorn St.

Buffalo, Rev. Don. D. Tulles, Acting Sec., Niagara Bldg., Frank- lin and Mohawk Sts.

New York City, Rev. W. B. Millar, Gen. Sec.t 71 W. 23d St.;

Rev. Herbert F. Laflamme, Sec.; George L. Leonard, Assist- ant Treasurer.

Rochester, Rev. Orlo J. Price, 423 Cutler Bldg.

(*) Indicates secretary employed part of the time as (P), pastor (S) Sunday School Association.

292 Year Book of the Churches

Ohio

Akron, Federation of Churches, Attention Lee J. Myers, Pres.,

713 Second National Bank Bldg Cincinnati, Rev. Henry Pearce Atkins, Exec. Sec., 516-517 Union

Central Bldg.; Miss Evangelme Rafferty, Social Service Sec.;

Miss Edith Condit, Court Representative; Miss Bertha Masters,

Court Representative. Cleveland, Rev. E. R. Wright, Exec. Sec., 701 Hippodrome Bldg.;

Miss Mary E. Panhorst, Assistant Sec ; Rev. John Prusha,

Immigrant Work. Columbus, Church Federation of Columbus, Exec. Sec , Rev. W. A.

King, Exec. Sec., Y. M. C. A. Bldg. Dayton, Rev. Irvm E. Deer, 500 American Bldg. Toledo, Rev. C. McLeod Smith, 423 Nicholas Bldg. Youngstown, Rev. G. L. Ford, Y. M. C. A. Bldg. Oregon

Portland, James W. Palmer, Room 111, Y. M. C. A. Bldg. Pennsylvania

Allentown, *Rev. H. C. Lilly (Y), Y. M. C. A. Bldg. Erie, *Interchurch Federation, Y. M C A. Bldg. Harrisburg, *Rev, Harvey Klaer (P), 202 No. Third Street. Philadelphia, Rev. E. A. E. Palmquist, 1420 Chestnut Street. Pittsburgh, Rev. Charles R. Zahniser, 245 Fourth Avenue. Virginia

Norfolk, Rev. James A. Grain, Y. M. C. A, Bldg. Washington

Seattle, Rev. H. I. Chatterton, 402 Thompson Bldg., 4th and

Cheriy Sts. Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Rev. Frederick G. Behner, Y. M. C. A. Bldg.

(Y) Y. M. C A Secretary.

CHUECH FEDERATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

BELGIUM

Belgian Protestant Committee of Union (Comite d'Union Protestante Beige)

CONSTITUENT BODIES: Union of Protestant Evangelical Churches of Belgium, Belgian Christian Missionary Church.

OFFICERS: Hfon. General Secretary, M. Kennedy Anet, 11 rue de Dublin, Brussels; Secretary General, M. Aloys Gautier, 11 rue de Dublin, Brussels.

Federation of Protestant Churches of Belgium

(Federation des Eglises Protestantes de Belgique) HEADQUARTERS : 5 Rue de Champ du Mars, Brussels, Belgium.

ENGLAND National Council of the Evangelical Free Churches

CONSTITUENT BODIES: Baptist Churches, Congregational Churches, Methodist Churches, Presbyterian Church, Free Episcopal Churches, Society of Friends.

OFFICE: Memorial Hall, Farringdon St., London, E. C. 4, England.

OFFICERS: Pres., Rev. R. C, Gillie, M, A.; Pres.-Elect, Rev. S. Chad- wick; Hon. Sees., Rev. J. S. Lidgett, Rev. Thomas Nightingale; Treas., George Cadbury.

Directory of Federal Council 298

Federal Council of the Evangelical Free Churches

CONSTITUENT BODIES: Baptist Church, Presbyterian Church, Con- gregational Church, Primitive Methodist Church, Wesleyan Reform Union, Independent Methodist Church, Moravian Church, Countess of Huntingdon Connexion, United Methodist Church, Wesleyan Meth- odist Church.

OFFICERS: Moderator, Rev. J. D. Jones, M.A., St. Stephen's Road, Bournemouth; Sees., Rev. W. L. Robertson, 7 E. India Ave., London, E. C. 3, Rev. Walter H. Armstrong, 49 City Road, London, E. C. 1, and Rev. J. H. Shakespeare, M.A., 4 Southampton Row, London, W. C. 1; Treas., Sir Walter Essex, Dixcot, North Drive, Streatham Park, London, S. W. 16, and William Mallison, 130 Hack- ney Rd., London, E. 2.

FRANCE

Protestant Federation of France (Federation Protestante de France)

CONSTITUENT BODIES: National Union of Reformed Evangelical Churches, National Union of Reformed Churches, Evangelical Lu- theran Church, Union of Evangelical Free Churches, Evangelical Methodist Church, Union of Baptist Churches of Northern France, Reformed Churches and Churches of the Augsburg Confession (Lutheran) of Alsace and Lorraine.

EXECUTIVE BODY: Council of the Federation.

OFFICERS OF THE COUNCIL: Pres., Ed. Gruner; Vice-Pres., M. Junc- ker, Rev. M. Roberty; Sec., Rev. Elie Bonnet, 8 rue de la Victoire, Paris; Asst. Sec., Rev. M. Vincent; Treas., Rev. M. Morel.

United Protestant Committee for War Aid in France and Belgium

(Comite d'Union Protestante pour le Secours de Guerre en France

et Belgique)

OFFICERS OF THE COMMITTEE: Pres., M. Edouard Gruner; Sec.- Treas., M, Andre Monod, 8 rue de la Victoire, Paris.

French Protestant Committee (Comite Protestante Frangais)

OFFICERS OF THE COMMITTEE: Pres., M. Paul Fuzier; Director, M. Andre Monod, 8 rue de la Victoire, Paris.

GERMANY Federation of German Evangelical Churches

(Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenbund)

CONSTITUENT BODIES: These have not yet beeen listed, and perma- nent organization has not been completed.

OFFICERS: Publicity Secretary, Dr. A. W. Schreiber, Humbold- strasse 14, 1, Berlin-Steglitz, Germany; Sec., Rev. Henry Schaedel, Mommenstrasse 49-A, Berlin-Steglitz.

JAPAN Federated Churches of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

OFFICERS: Pres., Rev. Kakujiro Ishikawa; Sec., Rev. Kikutaro Mat- sumo, 234 Shimo Shibuya, Tokyo.

The Conference of Federated Missions in Japan.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Rev. A. K. Reischauer; Sec., Rev. G. W. Fulton. OFFICE: Methodist Publishing House, Ginza, Tokyo.

294 Year Book of the Churches

SPAIN

Federation of the Evangelical Churches of Spain (Recently Organized)

ADDRESS: c-o Rev. Fernando Cabrera, Beneficencia 18, Madrid 4, Spain.

SWEDEN

Federal Council of Evangelical Free-Churches in Sweden

(Friky v Kliga)

HEADQUARTERS : Kristinehamn, Sweden.

CHAIRMAN: Sven Bengtsson; Sec., August Stromstedt.

SWITZERLAND

Union of Swiss Reformed Churches (Verband Schweizerischer Reformierter Kirchen)

CONSTITUENT BODIES: Includes now all Reformed Churches of Switzerland (reformed and free).

OFFICERS: Pres., Rev. D. Herold, Winterthur; Sec., Rev. Adolf Keller, 43 Carmenstrasse, Zurich; Treas.t Prof. Ammann, Zofingen.

COBRESPONDENTS OF CHURCHES IN FOREIGN LANDS

EUROPE

Austria. — Prof. Karl Beth, Zitterhofergasse 8, Vienna, VII. Belgium. — Rev. Henri Anet, 15 Avenue Brunard, Uccle (Brabant). Bulgaria. — Rev. Edward B. Haskell, American Mission, Samokov. Czecho-Slovakia. — Kirchenpraesident Wehrenpfennmg, Gablonz, A. N. Denmark. — Rt. Rev. N. Ostenfeld, 11 Norregade, Copenhagen. Great Britain. — Rev. Thomas Nightingale, Memorial Hall, Farrmg-

don St., London, E. C. 4.

Esthonia. — Mr. Herbert S. Gott, Kiriki uul 2 Toom, Reval. France. — M. Andre Monod, 8 Rue de la Victoire, Paris. Finland. — Rt. Rev. Gustav Johannson, Archbishop of Finland, Abo. Germany. — Dr. A. W. Schreiber, Humboldstrasse 145, Berlin-Steglitz. Greece.— Mr. D. C. Hibbard, 44 Metropolitan PL, Athens. Holland. — Dr. J. A. Cramer, Coenstraat 10, The Hague. Hungary. — Rev. A. Szabo, Fehervar 51, Budapest. Iceland. — Rev. Tryggvi Thorhallsson, West Iceland. Italy. — Rev. Antonio Rostan, 107 Via Tre Novembre, Rome. Latvia. — Mr. J. J. Somerville, Torbatas Eela 4, Riga. Norway. — Rev. Jens Gleditsch, Christiania.

Portugal. — Mr. W. H. Stallings, Rue Alexander Herculaneo, Coimbra. Poland. — Rev. Julius Bursche, Krolewska St. 19, Warsaw. Rumania. — Bishop D. Teusch, Hermannstadt, Siebenburgen. Scotland. — Rev. J. R. Fleming, 44 Queen St., Edinburgh. Serbia. — Rt. Rev. Nicholai Velimirovic, Bishop of Ochrida, Metro-

polia, Belgrade.

Sweden. — Rt. Rev. Nathan Soederblom, Archbishop of Upsala, Upsala. Switzerland. — Rev. Adolf Keller, Peterhof statt 6, Zurich. Turkey. — Mr. Frank D. Steger, 4 Rue Taxim, Constantinople.

ASIA

Ceylon. — Rev. John Bicknell, Vaddukoddai. China. — Rev. J. W. Crofoot, West Gate, Shanghai. India. — Rev. William Paton, National Missionary Council of India, 5 Russell St., Calcutta.

Directory of Federal Council 295

Japan — Rev, Kakiyiro Islukawa, President, Federal Council of

Japan, Tokyo.

Java. — Rev. Raymond L. Archer, 246 Handelstraat Boitenzorg. Korea,— Rev. B. W. Billings, M. E. F. B. Mission, Seoul. Siam. — Mr. William Harris, Chiengmai (via Singapore Laos).

AFRICA

Algeria. — Rev. Frank B. Bonnefon, Aglises d' P Algerie, Algiers.

Belgian Congo. — Rev. Thomas B. Brinton, Kampanga Katanga.

Egypt— Rev. W. H. T. Gairdner, 35 Charia Falaki, Cairo.

Liberia. — Rev. Frederick A. Price, Cape Palmas.

Rhodesia. — Rev. John R. Gates, Umtah.

So. Africa. — Dr. Bridgman, 19 Eleanor St., Johannesburg,

West (Central) Africa. — Rev. Austin J. Gibbs, Loanda, Angola.

AUSTRALIA

Brisbane. — Mr. W. G. Tunley, 228 Albert St. (Secretary Federation

of Churches).

New So. Wales.— Rev. William A. Gillanders, 327 Pitt St., Sydney. Tasmania. — Rev. C. Bernard Cockett, Memorial Congregational

Church, Hobart. Victoria. — Mr. Leo J. Greenberg, Elizabeth St., Melbourne.

SOUTH AMERICA

Argentina. — Rev. C. W. Drees, Calle Junin 976, Buenos Aires.

Bolivia. — Ernest F. Herman, Sasilla 118, Cochabamba.

Brazil. — Rev. Erasmo Braga, Caixa 454, Rio de Janeiro.

British Guinea.— Rev. T. L. M. Spencer, 86 Upper Robb St., George- town.

Chile. — Rev. Webster E. Browning^ Casilla 2037, Santiago de Chile.

Colombia. — Rev. Thomas H. Candor, Apartado 100, Barranquilla.

Costa Rico. — Rev. Sidney W. Edwards, San Jose.

Dominican Republic. — Rev. Nathan Huffman, Aptdo. 31, Santo Domingo.

Ecuador. — Rev. H. W. Cragin, Casillo 137, Guito, Otavale.

Guatemala. — Rev. E. M. Haymaker, Aptdo. 174, Guatemala City.

Nicaragua. — Rev. G. Grossman, Bluefields.

Paraguay. — Mr. W. Barbrooke Grubb, Casilla 98, Concencion,

Peru. — Rev. William J. Denme, Apartado 44, Huancayo.

Venezuela. — Rev. T. J. Bach, Scandinavian Alliance Mission, Maracaibo.

NORTH AMERICA

Alaska. — Rev. A. Putzin, Bethel, Kuskokwin Dist. Canada. — Rev. Robert Laird, Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto. Cuba. — Rt. Rev. Hiram R. Hulse, 15th and 8th Sts., Havana. Mexico. — Rev. John Howland, Aptdo. 117 bis, Mexico City. Panama. — Canal Zone. — Rev. W. F. Jordan, Bible House, Cristobal. Philippine Islands. — Rev. Arthur Beckendorf, San Isidro, Neuva

Ecija; Rev. James B. Rodgers, Presbyterian Mission, Manila. Porto Rico. — Rev. D. P. Barrett, Ponce. Salvador.— Rev. William Keech, Aptdo. 188, San Salvador. West Indies. — Rev. J. Reinke, Kingston, Jamaica.

296 Year Book of the Churches

CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF OF THE EVANGELICAL

CHURCHES OF EUROPE

Peterhofstatt 6, Zurich.

(Instituted by the Bethesda Conference In Copenhagen, in August,

1923). President Dr. 0, Her old

Winterthur, Switzerland. Vice President Dr. Alfred Jorgensen

Badstuestraede 17, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Secretary Dr. Adolf Keller

Zurich, Switzerland (Peterhofstatt 6).

National Representatives

Denmark. — Dr. Alfred Jorgensen, Copenhagen; Pastor Malstrom,

Copenhagen. Holland. — Prof. Franz Bohl, Verlangerte Oosterstraat 8, Groningen;

Prof. D. Cramer, Mahebaan 84, Utrecht. Norway. — Rev. Dr. Koren, Hjelpkomiten for Nddlidende Kirken,

Miinchsgat, Kristiania; Dean Jens Gleditsch, Knstiania. Sweden. — Rev. Gustav Kyhlberg, Diakoniestyrelses Expedition,

Jakob sbergsgaten 15, Stockholm. Switzerland. — Prof. Dr. Bohringer, Basel; Prof. Dr. Choisy, Geneva.

DENOMINATIONAL AGENTS FOR RELIEF

Methodist Episcopal Church

Bishop John L. Nuelsen, "La Chabliere," Lausanne, Switzerland. Presbyterian Alliance

Rev. J. R. Fleming, 44 Queen St., Edinburgh, Scotland. National Lutheran Council

Rev. John A. Morehead, National Lutheran Council, 437 5th

Ave., New York. Baptist W&rld Alliance

Rev. J. H. Bushbrooke, Baptist Church House, Southampton

Row, London, England. Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America

Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, 105 E. 22d St., New York.

SECTION m

DIRECTORY OF INTERCHURCH, NATIONAL

AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Social Service

DIRECTORY OF SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS

(INTERCHURCH, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL)

This Directory, in addition to Inter church agencies, lists the major organizations which are National or International in scope organized to serve on lines in accord with the spirit and purpose of Christ. While by no means complete it lists the major organizations of gen- eral public service, and is greatly enlarged as compared with pre- vious editions of the Year Book. We call especial attention to the government agencies listed in this section; also to organizations for international friendship through practical service.

For information concerning distinctly denominational agencies in all the lines of service here fisted, see Directory of Churches, under the several denominations, Sec. I.

BIBLE, DEVOTIONAL AND EVANGELISM American Bible Society

OFFICE : Bible House, New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Churchill H. Cutting: Pres. Emeritus, James Wood ; Gen. Sees., Rev. William I. Haven, Frank H. Mann; Rec Sec., Rev. Lewis B. Chamberlain; Asst. Sec, Rev. Jesse L. McLaughlin; Treas., Gilbert Darlington.

PURPOSE: To secure the translation, publication, and circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment, in all languages and in all lands.

HOME AGENCIES: Colored people, South, Sec., Rev. J. P. Wragg, Bible House, Astor Place, New York; Northwestern, Sec., Rev. S. H. Kirkbride, 156 W. Washington St., Chicago, III.; S. Atlantic, Sec., Rev. M. B. Porter, 218 N. Adams St., Richmond, Va.; Western, Sec.t Rev. A. F. Ragatz, 808 Railroad Building, Denver, Colo.; Pacific Sec., Rev. A. W. Mell, 122 McAllister St., San Francisco, CaL; South- western, Sec., Rev. J. J. Morgan, 1304 Commerce St., Dallas, Tex.; Eastern, Sec.t Rev. J. L. McLaughlin, Bible House, Astor Place, New York City; Central, Sec., Rev. Frank Marston, 424 Elm St., Cin- cinnati, 0.; Atlantic, Sec., Rev. F. P. Parkin, 701 Walnut St., Phila- delphia, Pa.

FOREIGN AGENCIES: Levant Agency, Rev. Arthur C. Ryan, Bible House, Constantinople, Turkey, Rev. J. Oscar Boyd, Cairo, Egypt; La Plata Agency, Rev. Paul Penzotti, Casilla de Correo, 304, Calle Parana, 481, Buenos Ayres, Argentina; Japan Agency, Rev. Karl E. Aurell, Bible House, Ginza Street, Tokyo, Japan; China Agency, Rev. Carleton Lacy, 73 Szechuen Road, Shanghai, China; Brazil Agency, Rev. H. C. Tucker, Caixa do Correio, 454, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Mexico Agency, Rev. A. H. Mellen, Apartado 1373, Mexico City, Mexico; West Indies Agency, Jose Marcial-Dorado, Ph.D., San Juan, Porto Rico; Siam Agency, Rev. Robert Irwin, Bangkok, Siam; Caribbean Agency, Rev. W. F. Jordan, Bible House, Cristobal, Canal Zone; Philippines Agency, Rev. G. B. Cameron, Box 755, Manila, P. L; Upper Andes Agency, Rev. R. R. Gregory, Bible House, Cristobal, Canal Zone.

PERIODICAL: Bible Society Record.

300 Year Book of the Churches

American Tract Society

(Organized May, 1825)

OFFICE : 101 Park Ave , Cor. 40th St., New York, N. Y. OFFICERS Pres., William Phillips Hall; Yice-Pres , Rev. David James Burrell , Gen Sec , Rev. William H. Matthews ; Exec. Sec., Rev. Edward Noah Hardy , Treas , Edward L. Snffern.

PURPOSE: To diffuse a knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ and to promote the interests of vital Godliness, sound morality and good citizenship by the distribution of Christian literature in many lan- guages throughout the world.

PERIODICAL. American Messenger, Editor, Rev. Henry Lewis.

Chicago Tract Society

OFFICERS : Pres., Rev. Geo. L. Robinson ; Vice-Pres., Rev. Wm. R. Wedderspoon; Sec., Rev. G. K. Flack, 440 S. Dear- born St., Chicago, 111. ; Treas., William T. Vickery, Conti- nental and Commercial National Bank, Chicago, 111.

PURPOSE : To carry the gospel to the poor and neglected by personal testimony and the printed page; to supply to missionaries suitable literature in all languages; to employ missionary colporteurs, espe- cially among those of foreign speech.

Commission on Evangelism and Life Service (Federal Council)

See p. 263.

The Christian Family Crusade

OFFICE- 1625 Greenleaf Ave, Chicago, 111.

OFFICERS: Gen. Dir., Rev. "Wm. Matthew Holderby; T«?e- Chmm., Ernest A. Bell; Sec., Rev. Wm. E. McDermott; Treas., 0. T. Miller; Comptroller, J. Fred Lynn.

PURPOSE: To cooperate with denominational and interdenomina- tional agencies, through a publicity campaign, and with pastors and parents to secure the establishing of the practice of Family Worship.

PERIODICAL: The Christian Family Crusade (Quarterly), Editor, Rev. Wm. Matthew Holderby.

Family Altar League

OFFICE: 538-541 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, 111. OFFICERS: Pres., Rev. "W. E. Biederwolf ; Treas., Thos. J. Bol- ger.

PURPOSE: To promote family worship and Bible study.

Gideons (The Christian Commercial Travelers' Association of America)

(Organized July 1, 1899)

OFFICE: 140 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.

OFFICERS: Pres., J. Harry Humphreys; Vice-Pres,, W. D. Gillespie; Sec., A. B. T. Moore; Treas., W. W. Crissinger; Chaplain, J. P. Cousart

Directory of Service Organization 301

PURPOSE : To band together the Christian travelers of America, and through them to win the commercial travelers of America for the glory of God; to supply every hotel in America with a Bible for each guest room; to prepare the hearts of travelers for the acceptance of salvation.

PERIODICAL: The Gideon, Editor, A. B. T. Moore.

Interdenominational Evangelistic Association

OFFICERS : Pres , Rev. 0. A. Newlin ; Gen. Sec. and Treas., Rev. Parley E. Zartmann, Winona Lake, Ind.

PURPOSE: To elevate the standard of evangelistic work, to promote evangelism, to secure mutual fellowship, cooperation and protection of those engaged exclusively in evangelistic work; also to provide a bureau of information for churches desiring leaders or helpers for evangelistic meetings.

National Testament and Tract League

OFFICE: 200 Kellogg Bldg., Washington, D. C. Address the Gen. Sec. and Treas., W. P. Cooke.

OBJECT : To promote the interest of evangelical religion by the free distribution of the gospel in printed form, and by conducting evan- gelistic meetings.

Pocket Testament League

HEADQUARTERS : 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

FOUNDER: Mrs. Charles M. Alexander; Hon. Pres., Dr. R. A. Torrey; Pres. Board of Directors, Alwyn Ball, Jr.; General See., Mrs. B. McAnlis ; Extension See., Mr. S. Le- roy Smith; Chmn. Business Men's Council, Joseph Steele, 520 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

PURPOSE: Personal evangelism through the distribution of Testa- ments or Bibles to all who will carry them and read at least one chapter daily.

Scripture Gift Mission, American Branch

OFFICE: 119 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Chief office and depository, 14 Bedford St., London, Eng. OFFICERS: Sec., Robert B. Haines, Jr.

PURPOSE: To distribute the Gospels free throughout the world, among soldiers and sailors and particularly in the destitute rural portions of our country.

EDUCATION

General American Council on Education

(Organized 1918)

OFFICE: 26 Jackson Place, N. W., Washington, D. C. OFFICERS: Pres., L. D. Coffman, University of Minn.; Director, C. R. Mann ; Sec., Dean Ada Comstock, Smith College, Northampton, Mass.

302 Year Book of the Churches

t PURPOSE: To promote and carry out cooperative action in educa- tional matters of common interest and to act as a central clearing house of the national educational associations that comprise its mem- bership.

American Federation of Teachers

(Organized April 15, 1916)

OFFICE: 166 W. Washington St , Chicago, 111

OFFICERS- Pres., Charles B. Stillman; Sec and Treas., F. G. Stacker.

PURPOSE: To bring associations of teachers into relations of mu- tual assistance and cooperation; to obtain for them all the rights to which they are entitled; to raise the standard of the teaching pro- fession by securing the conditions essential to the best professional service; to promote such a democratization of the schools as will enable them better to equip their pupils to take their places in the industrial, social and political life of the community.

The American Humane Education Society

OFFICE : 180 Longwood Ave., Boston, Mass OFFICERS. Pres , Dr Francis H. Rowley; Treas.., Eben Shute; Counselor, Hon. Albert F. Pillsbury, Sec, Guy Richardson.

PURPOSE: An organized effort to carry Humane Education into all our American schools and homes, aiding societies, and founding Bands of Mercy over the whole American continent.

Association of American Colleges

OFFICERS : Pres., Harry M. Gage, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa; Exec Sec, Robert L. Kelly, 111 Fifth Ave., New York

City.

The Authors' League of America (Inc.)

OFFICE : 22 East 17th Street, New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Ellis Parker Butler; Vice-Pres., Gelett Bur- gess ; Editor, Henry Gallup Paine ; Sec.-Treas , Eric Schuyler ; Managing Sec., Luise M. Sillcox.

PURPOSE: The Authors' League of America, Inc., is the official na- tional organization in the United States, of authors, artists, dramatists, screenwriters and composers. It was organized in 1912, to procure adequate copyright legislation, both international and domestic; to protect the rights and property of all those who create copyrightable material ^ of whatever kind or nature; to advise and assist all such in the disposal of their productions and to obtain for them prompt remuneration therefor; to disseminate information among them as to their just rights and remedies.

Bureau of Vocational Information

(Organized 1919)

OFFICE: 2 West 43d Street, New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Wendell T. Bush; Treas., Miss Edith E. Rand; Sec., Miss Eugenia Wallace; Director, Miss Emma P. Hirth.

Directory of Service Organization 308

PURPOSE: A clearing house of vocational information for women. Cooperates with trained and experienced women in all professions and in business in the collection of occupational information. Cooper- ates with colleges and schools in the distribution of this information among students and prospective workers. Publishes vocational bul- letin and occupational surveys.

Carnegie Corporation of New York

HEADQUARTERS : 522 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Elihu Root; Vice-Chmn., Robert A. Franks ; Treas., Robert A. Franks ; Sec.-, James Bertram.

PURPOSE: To promote the advancement of knowledge and under- standing by aiding schools, libraries, research, hero funds, useful publications, and other agencies.

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (Incorporated 1906)

OFFICE: 522 Fifth Ave., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., Henry S. Pritchett; Treas., Robert A. Franks; Sec., Clyde Furst.

PURPOSE: To provide retiring allowances and pensions for teachers and, in general, to encourage, uphold, and dignify the profession of the teacher and the cause of higher education.

Chautauqua Institution

(A System of Popular Education, founded in 1874)

OFFICES : Chautauqua, N. Y. and 1819 Broadway, New York City.

OFFICERS*. Honorary Pres., George E. Vincent; Pres , Arthur E. Bestor; Chmn. Exec. Board, Charles E. Welch.

ASSEMBLY: July and August, lectures, concerts, symposia, etc.

SUMMER SCHOOLS: July and August, oldest summer school in country, 17 departments, 125 instructors.

HOME READING DEPARTMENT: A four years' course of systematized home readings, aims to give a general increase of knowledge and of culture, also special courses.

Community Motion Picture Bureau

OFFICE: 46 West 24th Street, New York City. OFFICER: Pres,, Warren Dunham Foster.

PURPOSE: Organized to supply educational and recreational motion- picture service for community development.

General Education Board

OFFICE: 61 Broadway, New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Wallace Buttiick; Sees*, Abraham Flexner, Trevor Arnett ; Asst. Sees., E. C. Sage, W. W. Brierly ; Treas,, L. G. Myers; Asst. Treas., L. M. Dashiell; Auditor, Ernest A. Buttrick; Dir, of the Div. of School Surveys, Frank P. Bach-

304 Year Book of the Churches

man; Dir. of the Div. of College and University Accounting, H. J. Thorkelson.

PURPOSE: The promotion of education in the United States, by means of surveys, research, the promotion of modern technical edu- cation, and financial aid.

Highway Education Board

(Formerly: Highway Transport Education Committee)

OFFICE: "Willard Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS. Chmn., John J. Tigert, United States Commissioner of Education; Sees., Walton C. John, Thos H. MacDonald, Chief, Bureau of Public Roads, Dept. of Agriculture; F, C Boggs, Colonel, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.; Roy D. Chapm, National Automobile Chamber of Commerce; F L. Bishop, So- ciety for the Promotion of Engineering Education; Harvey S Firestone, Rubber Association of America; H. W. Alden, So- ciety of Automotive Engineers.

PURPOSE: To interest educational institutions in the technical training of young men in highway engineering and highway trans- port, so that eventually they may properly administer the funds given them to handle. Conducts annually an essay contest open to all High School students on some subject affected by good roads, the prize for the best essay being a H. S. Firestone University Scholarship valued at not less than $4,000.

National Committee for Teaching Citizenship

(Organized 1919) OFFICE: 3421 Lowell St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

PURPOSE: To encourage the education of boys and girls of the United States concerning the origin and development of liberty, co- operation, and democracy; the economic, political, and social prob- lems confronting democracy today; the responsibility of citizens in a democracy, and the needs and values of living.

National Education Association

OFFICE: 1201 Sixteenth St. N. W., Washington, D, C, OFFICEES. Pres., William B. Owen; Sec., J. "W. Crabtree; Treas., Miss Cornelia S Adair.

PURPOSE: To elevate the character and advance the interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the cause of education in the United States.

National Federation o£ College Women

(Organized 1912; in process of inc.)

OFFICER: Sec.{ Mrs. Flora Warren Seymour, 5547 Dor- chester Ave., Chicago, 111.

PURPOSE: To bring into communication with one another all college women, in order to secure unity of purpose and action, thereby con- serving the power of college women for rendering effective service.

Directory of Service Organization 305

National League of Teachers' Associations (Organized 1912)

OFFICER : Pres., Nina Buchanan, Hotel Wintonia, Seattle, Washington.

PURPOSE: For the advancement of education and the interests of classroom teachers.

National League of Women Voters

(Organized 1920)

OFFICE: 532 Seventeenth St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Maud Wood Park; Hon. Pres, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt ; First Vice-Pres., Mrs. Richard Edwards, Peru, Ind. ; Second Vice-Pres., Miss Belle Sherwin, Cleveland, Ohio; Third Vice-Pres. , Mrs. Solon Jacobs, Birmingham, Ala.; Treas., Miss Katharine Ludington; Sec., Miss Elizabeth Hauser, Girard, Ohio ; Exec. Sec., Mrs. Minnie Fisher Cunningham.

PURPOSE: To foster education in citizenship and to support needed legislation.

National Physical Education Service

OFFICE : 309 Homer Bldg., "Washington, D. C. OFFICERS: Manager, E. Dana Caulkins.

Thirty-five national organizations cooperating.

Maintained by the Playground and Recreation.

Association of America.

PURPOSE: To obtain progressive legislation for physical education.

National Story Tellers' League

(Organized 1903)

OFFICERS: Pres., Miss Mary E. Hargreaves, 1602 Mailers Bldg., 5 South "Wabash Ave», Chicago, 111. ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. E, P. Leonard, 3512 Bosworth Ave., Chicago, 111.

PURPOSE : To encourage the art of story telling among men, women, and children in the United States and Canada.

Rockefeller Foundation

(Organized 1913)

OFFICE: 61 Broadway, New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn. Board of Trustees, John D. Rockefeller, Jr.; Pres., Geo. E. Vincent; See., Edwin Kogers Embree; Treas., L. G. Myers.

PURPOSE: To promote the well-being of mankind throughotit the world. Has so devoted its resources to programs of public health and medical education throughout the world that these have come to be regarded definitely as its fields.

306 Year Book of the Churches

The Southern Cooperative League for Education and Social Service

OFFICE: 937 Woodward Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS: Pres.9 J. P. McConnell; Yice-Pres , Philander P, Claxton; Bisliop Theodore D Bratton, Gov. C. H Brough, Sec., J. E. McCuIloch; Treas., Richard T. Wyche.

Ex. COM.: Chmn., J. P. McConnell; Sec., Richard T. Wyche; E. 0. Watson, P. P. Claxton, J. 0. Spencer.

PURPOSE: To enlist the citizenship of ^the South in reinforcing the existing agencies for education and social service. SUPPORT: It is supported by membership fees and donations,

Negro Education

Association of Colleges for Negro Youth (Organized 1913)

OFFICERS: Pres., J. L. Peacock, Shaw University, Ealeigh, N. C. ; 8ec., Dean J. T. Cater, Tailadega, Ala.

Holds an annual meeting for discussion of all phases of college

work, including curriculum as well as administration. Admits to

membership only institutions maintaining work of college grade and

, of a standard approved by the Association. Supported by annual

dues of its members and contributions from philanthropic boards.

PURPOSE: To extend and develop institutions for the higher edu- cation of negroes.

Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Organized and Incorporated 1915)

ADDRESS • PiV., C G. Woodson, 1538 9th St , N. AY., Washing- ton, D. C

PURPOSE: To collect and publish sociological and historical docu- ments and to promote studies bearing on Negro life and history. Endeavors to bring about harmony between the races by interpreting one to the other.

Holds an annual meeting, open to the public.

Commission on the Church and Race Relations (Federal Council)

See p. 265.

Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperation

OFFICE: Palmer Building, Atlanta, Ga. OFFICERS: Chmn., John J. Eagan; Treas., E.'Darden Borders ; Director, Will W. Alexander.

PURPOSE: Seeks to promote good-will and cooperation between white and Negro races.

Julius Rosenwald Fund (Rural School Buildings) (Organized 1914)

OFFICER: Genl Field Agent of Rural Schools, S. L. Smith, Commercial Club, Nashville, Tenn.

Directory of Sendee Organization 307

PURPOSE: Extends aid to southern communities desiring to provide modern rural school houses for Negroes.

National Association for the Advancement o£ Colored People

OFFICE : 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Moorfield Storey; Chmn, Board of Di- rectors, Miss Mary White Ovington; Sec , James "Weidon John- son; Treas., J. E. Spingarn.

PURPOSE: To secure to colored Americans the common rights of American citizenship, and to advance their interests generally. The Association carries on an active educational and publicity campaign against lynching and mob violence.

PERIODICAL: Crisis, Editor, W. E. Burghardt Du Bois; Branch Bulletin.

National Association of Colored Women

Organized 1896 — Incorporated 1904)

OFFICERS: Pres., Miss Hallie Q. Brown, Wilberforce Univ., Xenia, Ohio; Sec., Mrs. Charlotte Hawkins Brown, Sidalia, N. C.

Has affiliated State and city federations and local clubs of colored women in more than half the States of the Union. National organ- izer stimulates and assists in the formation of federations and clubs. Community requesting this service usually pays expenses. National Association holds biennial meetings, open to the public, at which are discussed civic and social questions and any matters relating to the welfare of the colored race. Proceedings are published; available on request until supply is exhausted. Work is carried on throughout the year by standing committees on Education, Suffrage, Civil Rights, Social Service, Music and other topics. Committees make reports at biennial meetings. The more important of these reports are included in the Proceedings.

National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (Organized 1903)

OFFICERS: Sec., Silas X. Floyd, 1025 Twelfth St., Au- gusta, Ga. ; Exec. Sec., Prof. R. S. Grossley, 446 W. Pearl St., Jackson, Miss.

PURPOSE: For the promotion of education and the betterment of teachers in colored schools.

Has organized State associations throughout the South. Holds an annual meeting, open to the public, for the discussion of problems.

National Urban League (for Social Service among Negroes) (Established 1911)

OFFICE: 127 East 23d Street, New York City.

OFFICERS : Chmn., L. Hollingsworth Wood ; Treas., A. S. Frissell; Sec., William* H. Baldwin; Exec. Sec., Eugene Kinckle Jones.

PURPOSE: To improve the relations between the races; to bring about coordination of social agencies working with Negroes and to

308 Year Book of the Churches

develop such agencies and organizations where necessary; to secure and train Negro social workers; to investigate conditions of city life as a basis for practical work.

Negro National Educational Congress

(Organized and Incorporated 1900)

OFFICERS: Pres., J. Silas Harris, 1611 Forest Avenue, Kansas City, Mo.

PURPOSE: To lift the Negro to* a higher and more useful plane of American citizenship.

Negro Rural School Fund, Anna T. Jeannes Foundation (Organized 1907)

President and Director, James H. Dillard.

ADDRESS : Box 418, Charlottesville, Va.

PURPOSE: To assist remote country schools for Negro children.

Phelps Stokes Fund

(Organized 1910, Incorporated 1911)

ADDRESS : 100 William St., New York City.

PURPOSE: To originate, stimulate, and encourage activities for educational and social betterment among North American Indians, needy and deserving whites of the United States, and Negroes of America and Africa. To this end the Fund has assisted to a small extent Indian education, a few schools for whites, and a larger num- ber of schools for Negroes. In cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Education it made a study of Negro education in the United States; in cooperation with Foreign Mission Boards of North America, and Great Britain and Ireland it made a study of (Native) Education in Africa (Eeport published in 1922), and has now completed the erec- tion of a "Model Tenement" house for whites in New York City.

Slater Fund, John F.

(Organized 1882)

OFFICE: 61 Broadway, New York City. President and Director, James H. Dillard, Charlottes- ville, Va.

PURPOSE: For the improvement and extension of schools for colored children in the South. Contributes to teacher training or industrial work in a number of colleges and private secondary schools. Has established many county training schools, which provide industrial training as well as the usual academic courses, and include some special preparation for teaching.

University Commission on Southern Race Questions

(Organized 1912)

OFFICERS : Chmn,, Josiah Morse, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S. C ; Sec., W. M. Efanley,.V. P. L, Lexington, Ya.

Holds an annual meeting, and publishes occasionally "Open Letters to the College Students of the South." Is composed of one repre- sentative of each of the southern State universities.

Directory of Service Organization 309

PURPOSE: Organized for the purpose of studying questions con- nected with the relation of the races and the needs and conditions of the Negroes in the southern States.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION American Sunday School Union

(Organized 1817: Took its present name 1824)

OFFICE: 1816 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

OFFICERS: Pres., Martin L. Finckel; Rec. See., William H. Hirst ; Treas.y John E. Stevenson ; Sec. of Missions, George P. Williams.

PURPOSE: To establish and maintain Sunday schools, and to publish and circulate moral and religious publications.

PERIODICALS: The Sunday School World, Editor, James McCon- aughy and others.

Bihlical Seminary in New York

(1901)

OFFICE: 541 Lexington Ave. cor. 49th St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Wilbert W. White; Vice-Pres., J. Camp- bell White ; Treas., Orrin R. Judd ; Sec., Leslie J. Tomkins.

PURPOSE: For the preparation of ministers and Christian workers for service in all lands.

Commission on Christian Education (Federal Council)

See p. 264.

Committee on Friendly Eelations Among Foreign Students

OFFICE : 347 Madison Ave., New York City. OFFICERS: Chmn., Dr. D. Willard; Treas., B. H. Fancher; Gen. Sec, Charles D. Hurrey ; Exec. Sec., Elmer Yeltoru

PURPOSE: To furnish information to students abroad who contem- plate study in North America; to meet students upon arrival at American ports; to assist them in finding lodging, board and em- ployment; to advise in the choice of courses and colleges; to issue letters of introduction and help students on the way to their desti- nations; -to visit colleges and interview foreign students on personal problems; to counsel with pastors, church workers, Christian Asso- ciation Secretaries, faculty and others, regarding foreign student interests; to bring students into adequate contact with American Christian people, homes and churches, and into understanding of American institutions and problems; to encourage attendance at student Christian Conferences, discover and train Christian leaders; to provide foreign student speakers for American audiences, and in general, to relate students from other lands to all that is best in American Christian civililation.

PERIODICAL: Bimonthly news bulletins for the Filipino, Chinese, Russian, Japanese, Indian and Korean Student groups.

Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook (Ap- pointed by Federal Council)

See p, 269.

310 Year Book of the Churches

Conference of Church Workers in Universities in the North Central Eegion

OFFICE: 54 loth Ave., Columbus, Ohio.

OFFICEES : Pres., N. D. Goehring, University o£ Kansas, Law- rence, Kans ; Vice-Pres., Norman B. Henderson, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn ; Sec. and Treas., Vernon S. Phil- lips, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,

PURPOSE: The purpose of this Conference shall be to make more helpful and efficient the work of the churches in university centers and to call the attention of the denominations of the nation to the strategic opportunities for Christian service and education in these important fields.

Conference of Church Workers in Universities of the United States

OFFICE : 54 15th Ave., Columbus, Ohio.

OFFICERS. Pres., F. B. Igler, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa ; Vice-Pres., L. B. Hillis, University of Califor- nia, Berkeley, Calif. ; Sec. and Treas. } Lloyd Wallick, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

PURPOSE: To organize four more regional Conferences.

Conference of Theological Seminaries and Colleges in the United States and Canada

(Organized August, 1918, at Harvard University)

The Conference is under the direction of a Continuation Committee of thirty men representing different seminaries.

The fourth biennial meeting will be hel'd in Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, 111., June, 1924.

OFFICERS : Pres., Prof. Daniel J. Fraser, Principal of Presby- terian College, Montreal, Canada, Vwe-Pres., Prof. Henry E. Jacobs, 7333 Germantown Ave , Philadelphia, Pa. ; Sec. and Treas., Prof. George W. Richards.

CONTINUATION COMMITTEE: Chmn., Rev. Wm. Douglas Mack- enzie, Hartford Theological Seminary, Hartford, Conn.; Sec,, Prof. Henry Wilder Foote, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : Chmn., Rev. Wm. Douglas Mac- kenzie; Sec., Rev, George "W. Richards, Lancaster Theological Seminary, Lancaster, Pa.

PURPOSE: A constitution was adopted by the Conference at To- ronto, June, 1922, in which the purpose of the Conference is defined as follows:

"The object of the Conference shall be to promote intercourse amongst the institutions which compose its membership; to confer concerning those interests which are common to all these institutions; to advance the highest ideals of education and training for the Christian ministry; to consider any problems which may arise from

Directory of Service Organization 311

time to time as to the relation of these institutions to the State and to other educational establishments; to provide a central source of information for students from North America who desire to carry on advanced theological studies in Europe; and on the other hand, to cmake known in Europe the opportunities for such study in Amer- ica; and to deal with any cxther matter which from time to time the Conference may wish to take up."

Council of Church Boards of Education (Organized 1911)

OFFICE: 111 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Dr. Stonewall Anderson, Nashville, Tenn. ; Vice-Pres., Dr. John E. Bradford, Chicago, 111. ; Rec. Sec., Dr. 0. D. Foster, New York, N. Y. ; Treas., Dr. E. P. Hill, New York, N. Y.; Exec. Sec., Dr. Kobert L. Kelly; Asso. Sec., Miss Lura Beam; University and Seminary Sec., Dr. 0. D. Foster.

Most of the organized Protestant Boards of Education, represent- ing some twenty leading denominations, are members of the Council.

PURPOSE: To gain a mutual knowledge and cooperation that will promote the interests of Christian education in both denominational and tax-supported institutions.

PERIODICAL: Christian Education.

International Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools

OFFICE: 90 Bible House, New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., Russell Colgate; Home Director, Thomas S. Evans; Sec, "Walter M. Hewlett; Treas., 0. H. Cheney.

PURPOSE: To bring together in every community and in every communion in many lands, Christian teachers to instruct idle children during idle vacations, in idle churches, at small expense, in unsec- tarian Daily Vacation Bible Schools, combining worship, work, play, and patriotism.

PUBLICATION : Facts. Literature supplied free.

The International Sunday School Council of Religious Edu- cation

OFFICE: 1516 Mailers Bldg., 5 South Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

OFFICERS: Chmn. Exec. Com., Robert M. Hopkins, St. Louis, Mo. ; Chmn, of Board Trustees, Lansing F, Smith, St. Louis, Mo. ; Gen. See., Hugh S. Magill, Chicago, III; Treas., J. L. Kraft, Chicago, 111.

PURPOSE: To promote religious education in the local church schools and in the community throughout its territory.

The International Sunday School Council of Religious Education is the accredited inter-denominational organization in the field of re- ligious education of the Protestant Evangelical churches. It has been formed by a merger of the Sunday School Council of Evangelical denominations, representing the Protestant churches, and of the international Sunday School Association.

312 Year Book of the Churches

International Sunday School Lesson Committee

OFFICE: 1516 Mailers Bldg., Wabash and Madison St., Chicago, 111.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Prol John R. Sampey; Vice-Chmn., Pro! L. A. Weigle; Sec., Prof. Ira M. Price; Treas., Rev. W. 0. Fries.

PURPOSE: To prepare lists of lessons for Sunday school use on the basis of the best established principles of religious pedagogy.

Magna Charta Day Association (International)

HOME OFFICE: 147 Kent Street, St. Paul, Minn. OFFICERS: Fres., Rev. "William J. Johnstone; Founder and. Exec. Sec., Mr. J. W. Hamilton.

PURPOSE: The Association seeks to arouse interest in plans to have the churches and Sunday schools of the English-speaking ^ world recognize the third Sunday in June as Magna Charta Sunday, if only by a prayer that God will continue to bless the relations between England and America, the press to comment on the greatness of this day, on every June 15. Circulars upon request.

Missionary Education Movement

(Organized 1902)

OFFICE: 150 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICEKS: Chmn., Rev. William P. Schell; Vice-Chmn., Mr. George F. Sutherland; Rec. Sec., Dr. Harry S. Myers; Treas., Mr. Philip S. Suffern; Educational Sec., Mr. Frank- lin D. Cogswell; Business Mgr., Mr. Herbert L. Hill; Con/, and Promotion Sec., Dr. Gilbert, 2 Le Sourd.

PURPOSE: An agency, in which many denominations cooperate, for the publishing of interdenominational graded missionary education literature and the conducting of interdenominational summer con- ferences and institutions.

Religious Education Association

OFFICE: 1440 E. 57th St., Chicago, 111.

OFFICERS: Pres., Prof. Theo. G. Soares, Chicago, III; First Vice-Pres., Sir Eobert A. Falconer, Toronto; Sec., Henry F. Cope; Rec. Sec., Herbert W. Gates; Treas., David R. Forgan.

A cooperative organization of the leaders in religious, educational, cultural, and social organizations, and a clearing house for religion and education.

PURPOSE: To promote moral and religious training in existing agencies, in homes, and through the press.

METHODS OF WORK: Bureau of information, public reference li- brary, investigations, publications, conventions, traveling exhibits, experiments, and local conferences.

Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions

See p. 321.

Directory of Service Organization 313

Sunday School Council of Evangelical Denominations

OFFICE: 99 Dundas St. East, Toronto, Canada.

OFFICERS: Pres., Dr. Sidney A. Weston, Boston, Mass.; Sec., Rev. George T. Webb, 99 Dundas St. East, Toronto, Canada; Treas., R. E. Magill, Richmond, Va.

PURPOSE: To advance Sunday school interests in the cooperating denominations :

1. By conferring on matters of common interest;

2. By giving expression to common views and decisions;

3. By cooperative action on matters concerning educational, edi- torial, missionary and publishing activities.

By merger agreed upon February 15-16, 1922, ceases as an organi- zation, though provision is made for its essential functions by the organization of groups of professional workers, each group having affiliation through its chairman with the new organization resulting from the merger, the International Sunday School Council of Re- ligious Education. See p. 311.

United Society of Christian Endeavor

(Organized Feb. 2, 1881)

OFFICE: Christian Endeavor Bldg., Boston, Mass.

WESTERN OFFICE: Room 411-17 N. "Wabash, Ave., Chicago, 111.

OFFICERS: Pres.t Eev. Francis E. Clark; Asso. Pres., Daniel A, Poling; Gen. Sec., E. P. Gates; Editorial See., Rev. E. P. Anderson; Treas. and Publication Mgr., A. J. Shartle; Extension Sec., Rev. Ira Landrith; Southwestern Sec., W. Eoy Breg; Southern Sec., Charles F. Evans; Pacific Coast Sec., Paul C. Brown; Alumni Supt., Stanley B. Vander- sall; Army and Navy Supt., Rev. S. C. Ramsden; Mgr. Western Office, R A. Walker ; Field Sec., C. C. Hamilton.

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES: Confession of Christ; service for Christ; loyalty to Christ's Church; fellowship with Christ's people.

Comrades of the Quiet Hour. — Members covenant to spend a defi- nite portion of each day in communion with God.

Tenth Legion. — Members make the tenth their minimum gift for the work of the kingdom.

Life Work Recruits. — Young people who have covenanted to give themselves to full time service in the Christian ministry or in mis- sionary work.

Christian Endeavor Experts. — Members pass a definite examina- tion in Christian Endeavor methods and principles.

PERIODICAL: The Christian Endeavor World (weekly), Editor, Amos R. Wells, Boston, Mass.

World Association of Daily Vacation Bihle Schools (Far East and Foreign Departments)

(Organized December, 1922)

OFFICE: 156 5th Ave., Boom 1202, New York City. OFFICERS* Pres. and Director, Eev. Robert Gr. Boville; Sec., Charles B. Ford ; Treas., Charles Eliott Warren.

314 Year Book of the Churches

PURPOSE: To bring together in foreign lands idle children, idle churches, idle students and idle vacations in unsectarian daily vaca- tion Bible schools, combining worship, work, play, and patriotism.

PUBLICATION: Young China.

World Brotherhood Federation

HEADQUARTERS: Trafalgar Buildings, 1, Charing Cross, S. W. 1, London, Eng.

OFFICE OF THE WORLD COMMISSIONER: 405 Kent Bldg., Toronto, Canada.

OFFICERS: Hon. Pres., Rev. John Clifford, London, Eng.; Pres., Wm. Ward, London, Eng. ; Vice-Pres., Gen. Jan C. Smuts, Cape Town, S. Af ., Rev. T. A. Moore, Toronto, Can., Rt. Hon. Arthur Henderson, M. P., London, Eng.; Asso. Treas., Wm. Heal, London, Eng.; Commissioner for Evs- rope, Tom Sykes, London, Eng.; Commissioner for N. America, James Foster Wilcox; Commissioner and Sec., Thomas Howell.

The objects of the Federation are:

1. To promote the organization of brotherhoods and kindred socie- ties in all countries.

2. To promote the universal observance of a Brotherhood Sunday.

3. To interpret and exemplify brotherhood in the light of the life and principles of Jesus.

4. To make such a spirit and interpretation of brotherhood domi- nant in all life, personal, social, economic and political.

World's Student Christian Federation

(Organized, 1895, at Vadstena Castle, Sweden)

OFFICE : 347 Madison Ave., New York City. OFFICER: Chmn., John R. Mott.

Composed of the following Christian Student Movements: Austra- lia, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greajt Britain and Ireland, India, Burma and Ceylon, Italy, Japan and Korea, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United States of America.

World's Sunday School Association

(Organized 1907)

OFFICE : 1 Madison Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres., Hon. Justice J. J. MacLaren, Toronto, Cana- da ; Chmn., Arthur M. Harris, New York City ; Gen. See,, W. G. Landes, New York City; Freas., Paul Sturtevant, New York.

Primarily a missionary organization and directly represents the mission and Sunday school boards.

Young Men's Christian Association

See Men and Boys, p. 342.

Young Women's Christian Association

See Women and Girls, p. 374.

Directory of Service Organization 315

FEDERATION AND UNION OF THE CHURCHES Ad Interim Committee on Organic Union

OFFICERS: Chmn., Rev. Joseph A. Vance, 21 Edmund Place, Detroit, Mich. ; Sec., Rev. Ruf us W. Miller, 15th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.; Treas., E. H. Bonsall, Esq., Land Title and Trust Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

PURPOSE: To arrange a conference of representatives of evangeli- cal denominations to consider the question of "Closer Relations and Union of the Churches."

American Association of University Women

(Organized 1882)

OFFICE : 1634 I St., N. W., Washington, D. 0. OFFICERS: Pres., Miss Ada Comstock, Smith College, North- ampton, Mass. ; Vice-Pres., Mrs. Amelia H. Eeinhardt, Mills Col- lege, Calif.; Treas., Mrs. Katharine P. Pomeroy, 938 Glengyle Place, Chicago, 111.; Rec. Sec., Mrs. Eoscoe Anderson, 5370 Pershing Ave., St. Louis, Mo. ; Exec. Sec , Miss Ruth Greneh, 1634 I St., Washington, D. C.; Editor, Miss R. Louise Fitch, 1634 I St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

PURPOSE: To unite alumnae of accredited institutions for practical educational work.

Association for the Promotion of Christian Unity

(Organized 1910)

OFFICERS: Pres., Peter Ainslie, 504 N. Fulton Avenue, Baltimore, Md. ; Sec., Henry C. Armstrong.

An organization of the Disciples of Christ for promoting the unity of the Church and cooperation among Christians, by encouraging intercessory prayer, the holding of interdenominational conferences, general and local, and the publication and distribution of Christian unity literature. Its work reaches the leaders of various commu- nions throughout the world and coordinates with the general move- ments for unity and cooperation. Membership is open to all who desire tlie union of Christians and who contribute $5.00 annually.

PERIODICAL: Christian Union Quarterly, Peter Ainslie, Editor. Annual subscription, $2.

Christian Unity Foundation

OFFICE: 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Hon. Pres., Bishop Lines, Newark, N. 3.; Pres., Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, New York City; Sec., Rev. W. C. Emhardt, Newton, Pa. ; Treas., 0, S. Seymour.

PURPOSE: To promote Christian unity at home and throughout the world.

Commission on Councils of Churches, State and Local (Federal Council)

See p. 263.

316 Year Book of the Churches

The Continuation Committee of the World Conference on

Faith and Order

OFFICERS: Chmn., Rt Rev. Charles H. Brent, Bishop of Western New York; Treas., George Zabrlskie, 49 Wall St., New York City; Sec., Robert H. Gardiner, 174 Water St., Gardiner, Maine.

PTOPOSE: A World Conference of all Christians on questions of Faith and Order looking to an approach to the Unity of Christendom.

The Continuation Committee, appointed at a Preliminary Confer- ence held in Geneva, Switzerland, in. August, 1920, represents 78 co- operating Churches in 40 nations. The meeting of the World Con- ference has been tentatively set for May, 1925.

General Federation of Women's Clubs

(Organized 1889; Incorporated 1904) OFFICE: 1734 N St , Washington, D. C. OFFICEES: Pres., Mrs. Thomas G. Winter, 2617 Dean Boule- vard, Minneapolis, Minn. ; First Vice-Pres., Mrs "W. S. Jennings, Jacksonville, Fla. ; Second Yice-Pres , Mrs. "Wallace T. Perham, Glendive, Mont.; Cor. Sec., Mrs. H. S. Godfrey, 1766 Girard Ave., S. Minneapolis, Minn. ; Eec, Sec , Mrs. James E. Hays, Montezuma, Ga. ; Treas.,, Mrs. Florence C. Floore, Cleburne, Tex.; Director Headquarters, Miss Lida Hafford, Washington, D. C.

PURPOSE: To bring into communication with one another the women's clubs of the world and to unite their activities. Maintains a central office which serves as a clearing house and bureau of infor- mation. The central organization includes besides the usual officers, one director for each State, -the District of Columbia, "and Alaska, and Chairmen of seven departments as follows: American Citizen- ship, Applied Education, Fine Arts, International Belations, Legisla- tion, Press and Publicity and Public Welfare. Central organization conducts work through State federations which in turn are composed of local groups. State federations are grouped together into district federations. General federation holds a biennial convention for dele- gates and State Presidents; on alternate years it holds a Council meeting. State and district federations hold annual meetings. State Clubs conduct activities on a State-wide basis similar to those of the national departments. Membership in the General Federation in- cludes State federations and federated or affiliated clubs in other countries. Supported by annual dues, $5 and up, according to mem- bership.

National Federation of Religious Liberals OFFICE: 813 Barristers' Hall, Boston, Mass. OFFICERS: Hon. Pres., Charles W. Wendte, Berkeley,

Calif.; Pres., Prof. Jesse H. Holmes, Swarthmore, Pa.; Sec.

and Treas., Frank H. Burt.

% PURPOSE: To promote the religious life by united testimony for sincerity, freedom and progress in religion, by social service, and a fellowship of the spirit beyond the lines of sect and creed.

Holds one or more interdenominational meetings yearly in different parts of the United States.

Directory of Service Organization 317

Universal Conference of the Church of Christ on Life and Work

(NOTE: This takes the place of the Ecumenical Conference.)

Chmn., Archbishop Nathan Soderblom, Upsala, Sweden; General Sees., Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, 105 E. 22d St., New York, Rev. Frederick Lynch, 70 Fifth Ave., New York.

The preliminary conference to arrange for the Universal Confer- ence on Life and Work was called at Geneva, in the summer of 1920 by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. It is proposed to hold a conference representative of all communions of the Church of Christ, to concentrate the thought of Christendom on the mind of Christ as revealed in the gospels towards those great social questions, industrial and international, which are so acutely urgent in every country, and to discover how best His message may be applied to the problems with which, since the war, every nation has been confronted. The entire Conference will be composed of officially appointed representatives of the churches.

A committee has been formed in three sections, representing many Christian communions in Continental Europe, the British Empire, and the United States. On this committee are leaders from the Church of England, the Church of Scotland, the Free Churches of Great Britain, and most of the communions in Europe and America. Regional and sectional conferences have already been held in Scandi- navia, England and the United States. The American section is organized as follows:

OFFICERS: Rev. Arthur J. Brown, Chmn.; Bishop Luther B. Wilson, Vice-Chmn. and Chmn. of the Exec. Com.; Rev. Henry A. Atkinson, Gen. Sec.

Commissions

The Church and Federated and Cooperative Effort — Chmn., Rev. Frank Mason North; Sees., Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, Rev. Roy B. Guild.

The Church and Evangelism — Chmn., Rev. J. Ross Stevenson; See., Rev. Charles L. Goodell.

The Church and Social Service — Chmn., Robert H. Gardiner; Sec., Rev. Worth M. Tippy.

The Church and International Relations — Chmn., Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent; Sec., Rev. Nehemiah Boynton.

The Church and Education — Chmn., Pres. Ellen F. Pendleton; Sec., Rev. Samuel McCrea Cavert.

The Church and Domestic Missions — Chmn., Rev. F, W. Burnham; Sec., Rev. Alfred W. Anthony.

The Church and World Evangelism — Chmn., Rev. James I. Vance; Sec., Fennell P. Turner.

The Church and Moral Reform — Chmn., Rev. James H. Franklin.

FOREIGN MISSIONS Africa Inland Mission, American Council

OFFICE : 233 Henry St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

OFFICERS: Gen. Director, Rev. Charles E, Hurlburt; Home Director, Rev. Orson R. Palmer; Gen. Sec., Rev. Oliver M. Fletcher.

818 Year Book of the Churches

PURPOSE: To conduct work among unreached tribes in the African interior.

PERIODICAL: Inland Africa, Editor, Walter F. Clowes.

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Organized 1810, Incorporated 1812)

OFFICE.- Congregational House, 14 Beacon St , Boston, Mass.

OFFICERS: Pres., Rev, Edward G. Moore, Vice-Pres., David P. Jones, Minneapolis, Minn ; Re& Sec., Rev. Oscar B. Maurer; Asst. Bee. Sec., Dr. Edward "Warren Capen , Cor Sees., Rev. Jas. L. Barton, Rev. Cornelius H Patton, Rev William B Strong; Treas., Frederick A. Gaskms, 14 Beacon St , Boston, Mass. ; Asst., Treas , Harold B. Belcher; Editorial Sec , Rev Enoch F. Bell ; Asso Sees., Rev. D. Brewer Eddy, Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, Candidate Sec, Rev. Alden H. Clark; Publishing and Purchas- ing Agent, Harvey L Meeken.

DISTRICT SECRETARIES: New England District, Secretary Patton in charge, 14 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. ; Rev. Wm. W. Scudder, Middle District, 287 Fourth Ave.5 New York City; Interior District, Rev. W. F. English, Jr., 19 S. La Salle St., Chicago, 111 ; Pacific Coast District, Rev. Henry H. Kelsey, 760 Market St , San Francisco

PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE* The Pres. and Yice-Prcs., ex officio; Rev. Edward D. Eaton, Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, Charles S. Bates, Arthur H. "Wellnian, Frank B. Towne, Arthur Perry, Dr. Joel L. Goldthwait, J Livingston Grandm, Rev. Ashley D. Leavitt, Rev. Arthur H. Bradford, Charles S. Olcott, Rev. Geo. W. Owen.

PURPOSE: The American Board is the oldest foreign missionary society in America having been organized June 29, 1810, at Brad- ford, Mass., during the session of the General Association of Massa- chusetts. Its charter was received from the General Court of Massa- chusetts in 1812. Its object, as stated in its charter, was, "for the purpose of propagating- the gospel in heathen lands by supporting missionaries and advancing the knowledge of the holy scriptures." From the beginning it sought the cooperation of all Christians with- out distinction of sect, who desired "to piopagate the gospel among the uneyangehzed nations." This undenominational character has been maintained throughout the century of its life. During the cen- tury various religious denominations have withdrawn from its support, believing they could labor for the same great object more efficiently through denominational boards, but the American Board, still receiv- ing support from churches and individuals of different names, is in the main supported by Congregationalists.

American Mission to Lepers, Inc.

OFFICE: 156 Fifth Ave., New York City, OFFICERS: Pres., William J. Schieffelin; Gen. Sec., W. M. Banner; Treas., Fleming H. RevelL

PURPOSE: To preach the gospel to lepers, to relieve their dreadful

Directory of Service Organization 319

suffering's, to supply their simple wants, and in time, to rid the world of leprosy.

PERIODICAL: Without the Camp (quarterly), Editor, W. JL P. Anderson.

NOTE: This organization is also the American representative of The Mission to Lepers (London).

Centra! American Mission

OFFICE : 33 Grand Ave., Paris, Texas. OFFICERS: Chmn., Rev. Luther Rees, Paris, Texas; See,, Thos. J. Jones, 804 Sumpter Bldg., Dallas, Texas; Treas.,

D. H. Scott, Paris, Texas.

PURPOSE: To preach the gospel to every creature in Central America.

PERIODICAL: Central American Bulletin, Paris, Tex., Editor, D. H. Scott.

China Inland Mission

(Organized m London, 1865)

OFFICERS • Director for North America, Rev. Henry W. Frost, Princeton, N. J. ; American Sec.-Treas., Roger B. Whittlesey, 235-7 W. School Lane, Germantown, Pa ; Canadian Sec., Eev.

E. A. Brownlee; Canadian Treas., Kev. Kobert Wallace; Publi- cation and Prayer Union Sec , F. F. Helmer, 507 Church St , Toronto, Ont,

PURPOSE: To evangelize the inland provinces of China.

Committee on Cooperation in Latin America

OFFICERS: Chmn., Kobert E. Speer; Exec. Sec., Eev. S. G. Inman, 25 Madison Ave., New York City; Editor of Spanish Publications, Kev. Juan Orts Gonzalez, New York City; Educa- tional Sec., Kev. W. E. Browning, Calle Ghana 2126, Montevideo, Uruguay; Treas., James H Post, 129 Front St., New York City.

The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America acts as a clearing house and board of strategy for thirty American and Canadian Mission Boards working in Latin America, being officially represen- tative of the Mission Boards themselves, and serves as a Continuation Committee of the Panama Congress on Christian Work in Latin America where its organization was enlarged and reconstituted. It is composed of one representative of each missionary agency in its membership and a number of co-opted members, not exceeding one- half of the number of regularly appointed representatives of the various Mission Boards. Its functions are consultative and advisory. The work of the committee has gradually grown to the point where it is impossible in a brief statement to trace its numerous activities and influences.

It brings the mission boards around a common council table to discuss all the problems connected with their work in Latin America. It keeps a constant circle of helpful contacts and ^ood-will goinec through the Mission Boards. It pushes cooperative enterprises which would otherwise languish. It maintains helpful and broadening con- tacts with missionaries on the field. It saves the boards much money by doing for all of them work which individual boards would otherwise have to undertake. It represents the Evangelical Church

320 Year Book of the Churches

in many Pan-American movements which might otherwise overlook the importance of the Christian forces. It gives out a large amount of information to the press, schools, business concerns, and indi- viduals concerning Latin America, keeping missionary work in these countries in the public mind. It arranges addresses and conducts classes on Latin-American topics in churches, conferences, conven- tions and educational institutions. It is developing an ever-widening acquaintance with the intellectual leaders in Latin America and undertakes to interpret to them the spirit and purpose of American Christianity.

Commission on International Justice and Good-Will (Fed- eral Council)

See p. 266.

Commission on Relations with the Orient (Federal Council)

See p. 266.

Committee on Religious Work in the Canal Zone (FederaJ Council)

See p. 269.

Continuation Committee o£ the World Missionary Confer- ence

See International Missionary Council, p. 321.

Federation o£ Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America

OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. William Boyd, Philadelphia, Pa.; Vice-Pres., Mrs. De Witt Knox; Sec., Miss Vernon Halli- day; Treas., Mrs. J. C. Henley.

PURPOSE: To promote unity, Christian fellowship, and cooperation among woman's boards; to engage and disseminate the best methods of work; and to plead unitedly for the outpouring of the Spirit of God upon the Church of Christ,

Foreign Missions Conference of North America

OFFICE : 25 Madison Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS : CJimm.9 Rev. Allen R. Bartholomew ; Vice-Chmn , Miss Margaret E Hodge and Rev. George B. Epp; Sec., P. P. Turner; Treas., Alfred E. Marling.

PURPOSE: To hold an annual conference of North American foreign boards, to provide for the study of missionary problems, to promote a true science of missions, and to do work in the interest of the boards.

COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL: Chmn., Rev. William I. Chamberlain ; Vice-Chmn , Rev. Canon S. Gould ; Rec. See., Mrs. H. R. Steele; Sees., Fennell P. Turner, Rev Frank W. Bible; Treat , Alfred E. Marling; Com. on Missionary Preparation, See., Rev. Frank K. Sanders; Missionary Research Library, Sec., Charles H. Fahs; Li- brarian, Miss Hollis W. Herring.

BOARD OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION: Pres., Rev. W. Douglas Mac- kenzie; Vice-Chmn.t Rev. William I. Chamberlain; Sec., Fennell P. Turner ; Director, Rev. Frank K.t Sanders.

For Statistical Report, see Religious Statistics, Sec. V, p. 402-413.

Directory of Service Organization 321

Grenfeil Association of America (Inc.)

OFFICE : 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., D. Bryson Delavan; Treas., Henry C. Holt; Sec., Edmund 0. Hovey.

PURPOSE: Promotes work of Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfeil among fisher- men in North Newfoundland and Labrador.

International Missionary Council

(Formerly the Continuation Committee of the World Missionary Conference )

OFFICERS : Chmn., John R. Mott, 347 Madison Ave., New York City; Joint Sees., J. H. Oldham, A. L. Warnshuis, Edinburgh House, 2 Eaton Gate, London, S. W. 1, England.

CONSTITUTION: The Council is constituted by the national mission- ary organizations in the different countries, and is composed of about seventy members. In countries where there is no representative organization, a committee of the Council shall determine the method of representation.

FUNCTIONS: To stimulate thinking and investigation on missionary questions and to make results available for all missionary societies and missions; to help coordinate activities of the national missionary organizations of different countries; to help unite Christian public opinion to support freedom of conscience, of religion and of mis- sionary literature; to help unite the Christian forces of the world in seeking justice in international and inter-racial relations; to publish the International Review of Missions and other missionary litera- ture; to call a World Missionary Conference if and when this should be deemed desirable.

Lebanon Hospital for Mental Diseases

(Beirut, Syria)

OFFICE: American Committee, 119 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Joel Cadbury; Treas., Asa S. Wing; Sec., R. B. Haines, Jr.

Institution in the Near East providing scientific care for mental cases.

Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions

OFFICE: 25 Madison Ave., New York City; Canadian office, 604 Jarvis St., Toronto, Canada.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Joseph C. Bobbins; Gen. Sec., Robert P* Wilder; Vice-Chmn., Kenneth S. Latourette, W. E. Taylor; Treas. , James M. Speers.

PURPOSE: To awaken and maintain among all Christian students of the United States and Canada intelligent and active interest in foreign missions; to enroll a sufficient number of properly qualified student volunteers to meet the successive demands of the various foreign missionary boards of North America; to help all such intend- ing missionaries to prepare for their life-work and to enlist their cooperation in developing the missionary life of home churches; to lay an equal -burden of responsibility on all students who are to

322 Year Book of the Churches

remain as ministers and lay workers at home, that they may actively promote the missionary enterprise by their intelligent advocacy, by their gifts and by their prayers.

PEKIODICAL: Student Volunteer Movement Bulletin (Quarterly).

Sudan United Mission of the U. S. A,

OFFICE . Littell Bldg , Summit, N. J.

OFFICERS- Gen Sec., H K. W. Kumm; Asst Sec, Jean L. Ovens, Treas., Livingston P. Moore.

PURPOSE: To counteract the Mohammedan advance in Central Africa by Christianizing the Pagan tribes there. The mission mam- tains a Freed Slaves Home there; a Seminary for the training of Native teachers; a Hospital and various stations in the Sudan.

PERIODICAL: Newsletter, Editor, Jean L. Ovens.*

Woman's Union Missionary Society of America

OFFICE: 67 Bible House, New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Samuel J. Broadwell; Cor. Sec., Mrs. S. T. Dauchy; Rec. Sec., Miss Adele Masters; Treas. , James H. Prentice.

OBJECT: The salvation and elevation of Eastern women.

Yale Foreign Missionary Society

(Yale-in-China)

OFFICE : 5 White Hall, New Haven, Conn.

OFFICERS: Pres,, Clarence H. Kelsey; Chmn. Board of Trustees, F. Wells Williams; Gen. Sec., Dr. Edward H. Hume; Exec. Sec. and Treas., Herbert H. Vreeland, Jr.; Asst. Sec. and Asst. Treas., Rachel A. Dowd.

OBJECT: The support and development of the College of Yale-in- China and the Hunan-Yale College of Medicine and Hospital at Changsha, Hunan, China.

PERIODICAL: The Yah Quarterly.

GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES The White "House

Warren G. Harding, President.

George B. Christian, Jr., Secretary to the President.

ADDRESS : "The White House," Washington, D. C. Congress

THE SENATE:

Calvin Coolidge, President of the Senate.

Edward T. Clark, Secretary to the President of the Senate.

Rev. J. J. Muir, Chaplain of the Senate.

THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES :

Frederick H. Gillett, The Speaker of the House.

Charles H. Parkman, Secretary to the Speaker.

Rev. James Shea Montgomery, Chaplain of the House.

ADDRESS : "The Capitol/' Washington, D. C.

Directory of Service Organization 823

Department of State

Charles Evans Hughes, Secretary of State. William H. Beck, Private Secretary to the Secretary of State. ADDRESS : State, War and Navy Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Secretary of State is charged, under the direction of the President, with the duties appertaining to corre- spondence with the public ministers and the consuls of the United States, and with the representatives of foreign powers accredited to the United States ; and to negotiations of whatever character relating to the foreign affairs of the United States. He is also the medium of correspondence between the President and the chief executives of the several States of the United States; he has the custody of the great seal of the United States, and countersigns and affixes such seal to all executive proclamations, to various commissions, and to warrants for the extradition of fugitives from justice He is re- garded as the first in rank among the members of the Cabinet. He is also the custodian of the treaties made with foreign states, and of the laws of the United States. He grants and issues passports, and exequators to foreign consuls in the United States are issued through his office. He publishes the laws and resolutions of Con- gress, amendments to the Constitution, and proclamations declaring the admission of new States into the Union.

Department of the Treasury

Andrew W. Mellon, Secretary of the Treasury. John Kieley, Private Secretary to the Secretary of the Treasury. ADDRESS: Treasury Department, Washington, D, C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Secretary of the Treasury is charged by law with the management of the national finances. He prepares plans for the improvement of the revenue and for the support of the public credit; superintends the collection of revenue, and directs the forms of keeping and rendering public accounts and of making returns; grants warrants for all moneys drawn from the Treasury in pursuance of appropriations made by law, and for the payment of moneys into the Treasury; and annually submits to Congress esti- mates of the probable revenues and disbursements of the Government. He controls the construction and maintenance of public buildings; the coinage and printing of money; the administration of the Coast Guard and the Public Health branches of the public service, and furnishes generally such information as may be required by either branch of Congress on all matters pertaining to the foregoing.

BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE :

D. H. Blair, Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

Jasper N. Baker, Chief Clerk.

ADDRESS : Treasury Department Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Commissioner of Internal Revenue has gen- eral superintendence of the collection of all internal revenue taxes; the enforcement of internal revenue laws and the national prohibi- tion act; recommendation for appointment of internal revenue em- ployees; compensation and duties of inspectors, agents, and other subordinate officers; the preparation and distribution of instructions, regulations, stamps, forms, blanks, hydrometers, stationery, etc.

324 Year Book of the Churches

BUREAU OF PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE :

Hugh S. Gumming, Surgeon General. Daniel Masterson, Chief Clerk.

ADDRESS: Surgeon General's Office, 3d and B Sts. S. E., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Bureau of Public Health Service comprises seven divisions and the chief clerk's office, the operations of which are coordinated and are under the immediate supervision of the Surgeon General.

1. The Division of Scientific Research conducts the scientific in- vestigations of the service.

2. The Division of Foreign and Insular Quarantine and Immigra- tion, through the Surgeon General, enforces the national quarantine laws and prepares the regulations relating thereto.

3. The Division of Domestic Quarantine of the Public Health Ser- vice carries out measures to suppress epidemics, such as plague and typhus fever, and measures to prevent the spread of epidemic dis- eases in the United States.

4. The Division of Sanitary Reports and Statistics collects and publishes information regarding the prevalence and geographic dis- tribution of diseases dangerous to the public health in the United States and foreign countries.

5. Through the Division of Marine Hospitals and Relief, hospital care and treatment is provided for beneficiaries at 20 marine hos- pitals and 46 Public Health Service hospitals, including 13 for the treatment of tuberculosis patients, 10 for mental and nervous dis- eases, and 1 for lepers.

6. The Division of Personnel and Accounts transacts all bureau matters relating to the appointment, promotion, transfer, resigna- tion, or other change in status of service personnel.

7. The Division of Venereal Diseases cooperates with State boards or departments of health for the prevention and control of such diseases.

Department of War

John Wingate Weeks, Secretary of War. John W. Martyn, Private Secretary to the Secretary of War. ADDRESS: State, War and Navy Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Secretary of War is head of the War De- partment, and performs such duties as are required of him by law or may be enjoined upon him by the President concerning the military service.

WAR DEPARTMENT GENERAL STAFF:

General John J. Pershing, Chief of Staff.

ADDRESS : State, War and Navy Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Chief of Staff is the immediate adviser of the Secretary of War on all matters relating to the military estab- lishment and is charged by the Secretary of War with the planning, development, and execution of the Army program.

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF CHAPLAINS : Chaplain John T. Axton, Chief Chaplain of the Army. Chaplain Julian E. Yates and Chaplain John J. Campbell, Assistants.

Directory of Service Organization 325

Augustus S. Bonanno, Chief Clerk.

ADDRESS : State, War and Navy Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Chief of Chaplains coordinates and super- vises the work of chaplains and develops plans for the moral and spiritual betterment of the Army. He exercises direct supervision over the Chaplains' Service School and such projects for the instruc- tion of chaplains as may be considered necessary to secure a properly trained personnel. He investigates the qualifications of all candi- dates for appointment as chaplains.

BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS :

Maj. Gen. Frank Mclntyre, Chief of Bureau.

L. V. Carmack, Chief Clerk.

ADDRESS : 18th and E Sts. N. W.» Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Bureau of Insular Affairs is assigned all matters pertaining to civil government in the island possessions of the United States subject to the jurisdiction of the War Department, the Philippine Islands and Porto Rico being the ones so subject at the present time.

PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT: Governor General, Leonard Wood, Head- quarters, Manila.

POETO Eico GOVERNMENT: Governor, E. Mont Riley, Headquarters, San Juan.

DOMINICAN CUSTOMS RECEIVERSHIP: General Receiver of Customs, William E. Pulliam, Headquarters, Santo Domingo.

HAITIAN CUSTOMS RECEIVERSHIP: General Receiver of Customs, A. J. Maumus, Headquarters, Port-au-Prince.

Department of Justice

Harry M. Daugherty, The Attorney General* W. Frank Gibbs, Private Secretary and Assistant to the Attorney General

ADDRESS: Vermont Ave. and 15th St. N. W., Washing- ton, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Attorney General is the head of the Depart- ment of Justice and the chief law officer of the Government.

Post-Office Department Harry S. New, Postmaster General.

Ebert K. Burlew, Private Secretary to Postmaster General. ADDRESS: Post-Office Department, Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Postmaster General is the executive head of the Federal Postal Service. He appoints all officers and employees of the Post-Office Department, except the four Assistant Postmasters General and the purchasing agent, who are presidential appointees.

Department of the Navy

Edwin Denby, Secretary of the Navy.

John B. May, Jr., Private Secretary to the Secretary of the Navy.

ADDRESS: Navy Department, Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Secretary of the Navy performs such duties as the President of the United States, who is Commander-in-Chief, may assign him, and has the general superintendence of, construction, manning, armament, equipment, and employment of vessels of war.

326 Year Book of the Churches

BUREAU OP NAVIGATION :

Rear Admiral Thomas Washington, Chief of the Bureau. Edward Henkel, Chief Clerk.

ADDRESS: Room 3057, Navy Department Bldg., 18th and B Sts. N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The duties of the Bureau of Navigation com- prise the issue, record and enforcement of the orders of the Secretary to the individual -officers of the Navy; the training and education of line officers and of enlisted men at schools and stations and in vessels maintained for that purpose; the upkeep and operation of the Naval Academy, of technical schools for line officers, of the apprentice-seaman establishments, of schools for the technical edu- cation of enlisted men, and of the naval home at Philadelphia, Pa.; the upkeep and the payment of the operating expenses of the Naval War College; the enlistment, assignment to duty, and discharge of all enlisted persons*

CHAPLAIN DIVISION: Captain Evan W. Scott, head of the Chap- lains' Division.

ADDRESS: Boom 3502-4 Navy Department Building, 18th and D Sts. N. W., Washington, D, C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: This office functions by special appointment un- der the Bureau of Navigation for the selection, appointment and assignment of chaplains and the promotion of religious work in the Navy, and has general supervision over the Chaplains' Corps, per- sonnel and affairs.

HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE: Capt. Frederic B. Bassett, Jr., Eydrog- rapher, Room 1026 Navy Department Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Hydrographic Office is charged with marine surveys in foreign waters and with the collection and dissemination of hydrographic and navigational data ; the preparation and printing of maps and charts relating to and required in navigation; the fur- nishing of the foregoing to the Navy and their sale to the mercantile marine and the public at the cost of printing and paper.

NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL:

Capt. C. S. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy, 23d and E Sts. N. W., Washington, D. C.

NAVAL HOSPITAL :

Capt. Middleton S. Elliott, Medical Corps, United States Navy. ADDRESS : Foot of 24th St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

Department of the Interior

Hubert Work, Secretary of the Interior.

Harry G. Clunn, Private Secretary to the Secretary.

ADDRESS : Interior Department Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Secretary of the Interior is charged with the supervision of public business relating to the General Land Office, Reclamation Service, Geological Survey, Bureau of Mines, Office of Indian Affairs, Patent Office, Bureau of Pensions, Bureau of Education, National Park Service, Capitol Building and Grounds, and certain hospitals and eleemosynary institutions in the District of Columbia.

Directory of Service Organization 327

OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS :

Charles H. Burke, Commissioner.

Lem Towers, Jr., Private Secretary to the Commissioner.

ADDRESS : Interior Department BIdg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has charge of the Indian tribes of the United States (exclusive of Alaska), their education, lands, moneys, schools, purchase of supplies, and general welfare.

BUREAU OF PENSIONS: Washington Gardner, Commissioner. Fred K. Swett, Acting Private Secretary to tJie Commissioner. ADDRESS: Pension BIdg., Judiciary Square, Washington, B.C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Commissioner of Pensions supervises the examination and adjudication of all claims arising under laws passed by Congress granting pensions on account of service in the Army or Navy rendered wholly prior to October 6, 1917 j claims for reimburse- ment for the expenses of the last sickness and burial of deceased pensioners; claims for bounty-land warrants based upon military or naval service rendered prior to March 3, 1855, and claims for annui- ties, refunds, and allowances, arising under the act of May 22, 1920, providing for the retirement of employees in the classified civil service.

BUREAU OP EDUCATION:

John J. Tigert, Commissioner of Education.

Theo. Honour, Secretary to the Commissioner.

ADDRESS: Pension Office BIdg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Commissioner of Education has charge of the Bureau of Education, which collects statistics and general infor- mation showing the condition and progress of education in the United States and all foreign countries.

BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS :

George Vaux, Jr., Chairman.

Malcolm McDowell, Secretary.

ADDRESS : Interior Department BIdg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Board of Indian Commissioners, created in 1869, is a body of unpaid citizens, appointed by the President, who maintain an office in Washington, for the expenses of which and of travel Congress appropriates. The board is not a bureau or division of any department, but is purposely kept reasonably independent and afforded opportunities for investigation in order that it may freely express an intelligent and impartial opinion concerning Indian legis- lation and administration. Its legal duties are to visit and inspect branches of the Indian Service, to cooperate with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in the purchase and inspection of Indian supplies, and to report to the Secretary of the Interior, to whom and to the President the board acts in an advisory capacity, with respect to plans of civilizing or dealing with the Indians.

Department of Agriculture

Henry Cantwell Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture.

H. M. Bain, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of Agri- culture.

328 Year Book of the Churches

ADDRESS : The Agricultural Department Building, Wash- ington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Secretary of Agriculture is charged with the work of promoting agriculture in its broadest sense.

OFFICE OF FAEM MANAGEMENT AND FARM ECONOMICS:

G. W. Forster, Acting Chief.

Raymond Evans, Assistant to the Chief.

ADDRESS: Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: This office studies the farmers' economic prob- lems with a view to reducing costs and increasing profits through a better organization of the farm and a better adjustment of produc- tion to the demands of the market.

STATES RELATION SERVICE :

A. C. True, Director.

Eugene Merritt, Assistant to the Director.

ADDRESS : Department of Agriculture, Washington, D, C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The States Relations Service represents the Secretary of Agriculture in his relations with the State agricultural colleges and experiment stations, under the acts of Congress granting funds to these institutions for agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension work in agriculture and home economics, and in carrying out the provisions of acts of Congress making appropria- tions to this department for farmers' cooperative demonstration work investigations relating to agricultural schools, farmers' institutes, and home economics, and the maintenance of agricultural experiment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.

BUREAU OP MARKETS AND CROP ESTIMATES :

Henry C. Taylor, Chief.

Leon M. Estabrook, Associate Chief.

ADDRESS: Department of Agriculture.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates ac- quires and disseminates information regarding the marketing and distributing of farm and non-manufactured food products, and col- lects, compiles, summarizes, interprets, and makes public statistical data relating to agricultural production.

Department of Commerce

Herbert Clark Hoover, Secretary of Commerce.

Richard S. Emmet, Private Secretary to the Secretary of Com- merce.

ADDRESS: Nineteenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Secretary of Commerce is charged with the work of promoting the commerce of the United States and its mining, manufacturing, shipping, fishery, and transportation interests.

BUREAU OP CENSUS :

William M. Steuart, Director.

Joseph A. Hill, Assistant to the Director,

Directory of Service Organization 829

ADDRESS: Building D, 4^ Street and Missouri Avenue N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The taking of the decennial census, which covers the subjects of population, agriculture, manufactures, mines and quarries (including oil and gas wells), and forestry and forest prod- ucts, is the chief function of the bureau, A religious census is also taken decennially, five years after the general census.

Department o£ Labor

James John Davis, Secretary of Labor. Arthur E. Cook, Private Secretary to the Secretary of Labor. ADDRESS : Department of Labor Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Secretary of Labor is charged with the duty of fostering, prompting and developing the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, improving their working conditions, and advancing their opportunities for profitable employment. He has power under the law to act as mediator and to appoint commis- sioners of conciliation in labor disputes whenever in his judgment the interests of industrial peace may require it to be done.

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS :

Ethelbert Stewart, Commissioner of Labor Statistics. Charles E. Baldwin, Chief Statistician. ADDRESS : 1712 G St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Bureau of Labor Statistics is charged with the duty of acquiring and diffusing among the people of the United States useful information on subjects connected with labor in the most general and comprehensive sense of that word, and especially upon its relations to capital, the hours of lab^r, the earnings of laboring men and women, and the means of promoting their material, social, intellectual, and moral prosperity.

CHILDREN'S BUREAU:

Grace Abbott, Chief.

ADDRESS: Twentieth and D Sts. N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The act establishing the bureau provides that it shall investigate and report upon all matters pertaining to the wel- fare of children and child life among all classes of our people, and shall especially investigate the questions of infant mortality, the birth rate, orphanage, juvenile courts, desertion, dangerous occupa- tions, accidents, and disease of children, employment, and legislation affecting children in the several States and Territories.

WOMEN'S BUREAU:

Mary Anderson, Director.

Agnes L. Peterson, Assistant Director.

ADDRESS : Twentieth and D Sts. N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The functions of the Bureau are to formulate standards and policies to promote the welfare of wage-earning women, to improve their working conditions, increase their efficiency and advance opportunity for profitable employment. The Bureau has authority to investigate and report to the Department upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of women in industry.

330 Year Book of the Churches

UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE:

Francis I. Jones, Director General

Charles A. Pearson, Assistant Director General.

ADDRESS : Twentieth and D Sts. N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The purpose of the United States Employment Service is to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States by so conserving^ and distributing their industrial activities as to improve their working conditions and ad- vance their opportunities for profitable employment, in harmony with the general good, with the necessities of war, with the just interests of employers, and with the development in practice of the recognized principle of a common responsibility for production and a common interest in distribution.

MISCELLANEOUS GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES Smithsonian Institution

Charles D. Walcott, Secretary.

H. W. Dorsey, Chief Clerk.

ADDRESS: The Mall, Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, under the terms of the will of James Smithson, an Englishman, who in 1826 bequeathed his fortune to the United States to found, at Washington, under the name of the " Smithsonian Institution," an establishment for the "increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." The Institution is legally an establishment, and is governed by a Board of Regents. Government bureaus com- ing tinder direction of the Smithsonian Institution are: National Museum, National Gallery of Art, Bureau of American Ethnology, International Exchanges, National Zoological Park, Astrophysical Observatory, Regional Bureau for the United States,

INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE:

The International Catalogue of Scientific Literature publishes an annual classified index to the literature of science The organization consists of a central bureau in London and 33 regional bureaus established in, and supported by, the principal countries of the world. That for the United States is supported by an annual appropriation from Congress, administered by the Smithsonian Institution.

Pan-American Union

L. S. Rowe, Director General. C. M. Litteljohn, Secretary to Director General. ADDRESS: Seventeenth between C and B Sts. N. W*, Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Pan- American Union is the official inter- national organization of all the republics of the Western Hemisphere, founded and maintained by them for the purpose of exchanging mutually useful information and fostering commerce, intercourse, friendship, and peace. It is supported through their joint contri- butions, each nation annually paying that part of the budget of expenses which its population bears to the total population of all the republics.

Directory of Service Organization 331

Interstate Commerce Commission

Charles C. McChord, Chairman of Commissioners. George B. McGinty, Secretary.

ADDRESS : Interstate Commerce Commission Bldg., Wash- ington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The act to regulate commerce requires "all rates to be just and reasonable and prohibits unjust discrimination and undue or unreasonable preference or advantage in transportation rates or facilities; prohibits the charging of a higher rate for a, shorter than for a longer haul over the same line in the same direc- tion, the shorter being included within the longer haul, or the charg- ing of any greater compensation as a through route than the aggre- gate of the intermediate rates subject to the act. The Commission is authorized to require carriers to establish through routes and joint rates. By various amendatory and supplementary enactments the powers of the Commission have been increased and the scope of the regulating statute materially widened.

United States Railroad Labor Board

Ben W. Hooper, Chairman, Public Group. Albert Phillips, Chairman, Labor Group, L. M. Parker, Secretary. ADDRESS : 608 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.

OFFICIAL DUTIES : The Labor Board shall hear, and as^ soon as practicable and with due diligence decide, any dispute involving grievances, rules, or working conditions, in respect to which any adjustment board certifies to the Labor Board that in its opinion the adjustment board has failed or will fail to reach a decision within a reasonable time, or in respect to which the Labor Board determines that any adjustment board has failed or is not using due diligence in its consideration thereof. All the decisions of the Labor Board in respect to wages and salaries and of the Labor Board or an adjust- ment board in respect to working conditions of employees or sub- ordinate officials of carriers shall establish rates of wages and sala- ries and standards of working conditions which in the opinion of the Board are just and reasonable.

Civil Service Commission

...... ., President of Commissioners.

John T. Doyle, Secretary.

ADDRESS : 1724 F St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The purpose of the civil service act, as declared in its title, is "to regulate and improve the civil service of the United States."

United States Veterans' Bureau

Gen. F. T. Hines, Director.

T. H. Scott, Executive Officer.

ADDRESS: Arlington Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The United States Veterans' Bureau was created by an act of Congress approved August 9, 1921, by which act the Bureau was established as an independent bureau under the Presi- dent. The Bureau of War Risk Insurance was abolished by said act

332 Year Book of the Churches

and the powers and duties pertaining to the Director of the War Risk Insurance under the Treasury Department were transferred to the Veterans' Bureau, together with the functions, powers, and duties conferred upon the Federal Board for Vocational Education by the act of June 27, 1918, known as the vocational rehabilitation act, and all ^personnel, properties, etc., of the United States Public Health Service as prescribed and provided in a written order to the Secretary of the Treasury on April 19, 1921, designated "Order rela- tive to the transfer of certain activities of the United States Public Health Service, relating to the Bureau of War Bisk Insurance, in- cluding the trainees of the Rehabilitation Division of the Federal Board for Vocational Education."

The Bureau of War Eisk Insurance was created by act of Congress approved September 2, 1914, to insure American vessels and their cargoes against the risks of war. By an act approved June 12, 1917, Congress added the duty of insuring the lives of masters and crews of American vessels. On October 6, 1917, the most important pro- visions of the war risk act were added. These provided for payment of allotments and allowances to the dependent families of members of the military forces of the United States, payment of compensation for death or disability, and the writing of term policies of insurance by the Federal Government against death or total disability. Several amendments to the act have been made since, notably the amend- ment approved December 24, 1919, which provided for an optional payment in lump sum of the converted forms of insurance and sub- stantial increases in the amount of compensation payable on account of death or disability, and the amendment of August 9, 1921, which greatly decreases the restrictions on reinstatement of lapsed insur- ance by disabled ex-service men and the furnishing of hospital and other medical treatment for disabled members of the military and naval forces, and transfers the duty of furnishing vocational training to disabled members of the military and naval forces from the Fed- eral Board for Vocational Education to the Veterans' Bureau.

Federal Board for Vocational Education

James J. Davis, Chairman (The Secretary of Labor). E. Joseph Aronoff, Secretary and Chief Clerk. ADDRESS: 200 New Jersey Ave. N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The Federal Board for Vocational Education was created by act of Congress approved February 23, 1917. This act makes appropriations to be used in cooperation with the States in the promotion of vocational education. For the fiscal year 1917-18 the amount appropriated was $1,860,000, but the appropriation in- creases each year until in 1925-26 it reaches $7,367,000, which sum is provided annually thereafter. The money appropriated is to be given to the various States for the purpose of inaugurating or stimulating vocational education in agriculture and the trades and industries and in the preparation of teachers of vocational subjects. Its allotment is upon condition that for each dollar of Federal money expended the State or local community, or both, in which schools are established shall expend an equal amount for the same purpose.

By the passage of the Federal vocational rehabilitation act, ap- proved June 27, 1918, and the amendment thereto of July 11, 1919, the^board was charged with the duty of furnishing vocational re- habilitation to every member of the military or naval forces of the United States discharged with a disability incurred, increased, or aggravated while a member of such forces or traceable to service therein, needing vocational rehabilitation to overcome the handicap of such disability. In furnishing training under the act no limita-

Directory of Service Organization 338

tions were imposed by the board with respect to the courses to be pursued, and all careers were opened to the disabled men, much of it being given directly in the trades and industries. The board carried out this work of training the disabled soldiers, sailors, and marines and placing them in employment in their particular line of endeavor until the passage of the bill on August 9, 1921, creating the Veterans' Bureau, which consolidated all the agencies dealing: with the disabled soldiers, sailors, and marines.

American National Red Cross

Warren G. Harding, President.

James L. Fieser, in charge of domestic operations.

ADDRESS: Seventeenth Street between D and E Streets N. W., Washington, D. C.

United States Board o£ Mediation and Conciliation

William L. Chambers, Commissioner.

Whitehead Kluttz, Asst. Commissioner and Secretary.

ADDRESS: 920-926 Southern Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICIAL DUTIES: The purpose for which the Board of Mediation and Conciliation was established is to settle by mediation, concilia- tion, and arbitration controversies concerning wages, hours of labor, or conditions of employment that may arise between common carriers engaged in interstate transportation and their employees engaged in train operation or train service.

National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers

Col. C. W. Wadsworth, General Treasurer. Col. James A. Mattison, Chief Surgeon. ADDRESS: National Military Home, Dayton, Ohio.

United States Soldiers' Home

Maj. Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, Governor of the Home. Col. William T. Wood, Secretary of the Board. ADDRESS : U. S. Soldiers" Home, Washington, D. C.

Columbia Institution for the Deaf

Percival Hall, President.

Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, Secretary.

ADDRESS: Kendall Green, Washington, D. C.

International Sanitary Bureau

Surg. Gen. Hugh S. Gumming, Director. W. P. Montgomery, Executive Clerk. ADDRESS: Pan-American Bldg., Seventeenth between B and C Sts. N. W., Washington, D. C.

National Civil Service Kefonn League

OFFICE : 8 "W. 40th St., New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres., Richard Henry Dana ; Sec., H. W. Marsh.

PURPOSE: To establish and promote a system of appointment, pro-

834 Year Book of the Churches

motion and removal in the civil service throughout the United Stages founded upon the principle that public office is a public trust. The League is supported by voluntary contributions.

HOME MISSIONS

There are many Home Mission agencies differing in character. Among these are:

1. Denominational Boards and Societies listed under de- nominational headings in Section I, Directory of Churches. See pp 9-251.

2. Interdenominational agencies composed of church members but not under church control. In most cases these agencies perform functions other than those dis- tinctly pertaining to Home Missions. They are listed under appropriate headings in Section III, of which Home Mis- sions is a subheading (or listing) .

8. There are many organizations commonly thought of as secular, but religious in spirit, which are supplementing the Home Mission work of the Church in charities, civic betterment, education, philanthropies and social service generally. Notable among these are governmental agen- cies of the Nation, the State, and the municipality. All these cannot be listed in this volume, but many of them are under appropriate headings in Section III. National gov- ernmental agencies functioning especially for uplift and social betterment are included under the headng "Govern- mental Agencies."

American Missionary Association (Inc.) OFFICE: 287 Fourth Ave., New York City. OFFICERS : Pres., Rev. Nehemiah Boynton ; Treas., Irving

C. Gaylord; Cor. Sec., George L. Cady.

PURPOSE: Establishing missionary churches and schools throughout the United States for the benefit of Negroes, Indians, Eskimos, etc.

Council of Women for Home Missions (Affiliated Body with

the Federal Council)

(Organized 1908)

OFFICE: 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Fred S. Bennett; Vice-Pres.t Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff; Exec. Sec., Miss Florence E. Qninlan; Bee. Sec., Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz ; Treas., Mrs. Orrin B. Judd.

Twenty constituent boards, two consulting boards, eighteen affili- ated schools of missions.

PUEPOSE: To unify the efforts of the national women's home mis^ sion boards and societies by consultation and by cooperation in action.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES; Publishes Home Mission study books for adults, young people and children; prepares program for Day of Prayer for Missions; cooperates with interdenominational Schools of Missions; promotes formation of local Women's Church and Mis- sionary Federations ; cooperates in international plans for the various racial and sreoeranhical errouns.

Directory of Service Organization 385

PERIODICAL: Woman's Home Mission Bulletin, Editor, Miss Flor- ence E. Quinlan.

HOME MISSION STUDY BOOKS for 1922-1923 (published jointly by the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Missionary Edu- cation Movement) ;

THEME: "The Negro in America"

FOR ADULTS: "The Trend of the Races" by Georgia E. Haynes.

FOR ADULTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE: "In the Vanguard of a Eace," by L. H. Hammond.

FOE CHILDREN : "The Magic Box," by Anita B. Ferris.

HOME MISSION STUDY 1923-1924.

THEME : "Saving America Through Her Boys and Girls."

FOR ADULTS: Books by Hon. John H. Finley and Jay S. Stowell.

FOR LEADERS AND JUNIORS: Book by Joyce Constance Manuel.

Home Missions Council

(Affiliated Body with the Federal Council)

OFFICE: 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Rev. Charles L. Thompson; Exec. Sec., Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony; Asso. Sec., Rev. Rodney W. Roundy; 8ec., Rev. Charles E. Schaeffer; Treas., Samuel Bryant.

Includes 42 home missionary organizations, representing 27 de- nominations.

PURPOSE: To promote fellowship, conference, and cooperation among Christian organizations doing missionary work in the United States and its dependencies.

For detailed statistical report, see Sec. V, "Religious Statistics," p. 414-418.

Joint Committees of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions

Address the representative named, care Home Missions Council, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

JOINT ADMINISTRATION: Chmn., Mrs. F. S. Bennett; Vice-Chmn., Charles L. Thompson.

ALASKA: Chmn., Paul de Schweinitz; Rec. Sec., Alfred Williams Anthony.

BLIND: Chmn., Irene Haislip.

CHURCH BUILDING: Chmn., Joseph S. Wise.

CITIES AND URBAN INDUSTRIAL EELATIONS: Chmn., William P. Shriver.

COMITY AND COOPERATION: Chmn., Lemuel Call Barnes.

FINANCIAL AND FIDUCIARY MATTERS: Chmn., Charles L. White.

HEBREWS: Chmn,, John S. Conning.

INDIAN MISSIONS: Chmn., Elmer E. Higley.

MIGRANT GROUPS; Chmn., Geo. B. Dean.

MORMONISM: Chmn.f Edward Laird Mills.

NEGRO AMERICANS: Chmn., Fred L. Brownlee.

NEW AMERICANS: Chmn., Thomas Burgess.

ORIENTALS AND HAWAIIANS: Chmn.f George L. Cady.

PROMOTION OF INTEREST: Chmn., Coe Hayne.

EECRUITING THE HOME MISSION FORCE: Chmn., Florence G. Tyler.

SPANISH- SPEAKING PEOPLES IN THE UNITED STATES: Chmn., Mrs. J. W. Downes.

TOWN AND COUNTRY: Chmn., Paul L. Vogt.

336 Year Book of the Churches

Joint Special Committee

STANDARDIZATION OF HOME MISSIONARY SERVICE: Chmn., Warren H. Wilson.

Special Home Missions Council Committee

COMMITTEE ON MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD: Charles L. White.

INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP AND SERVICE American Committee for Devastated France

OFFICE: 16 East 39th St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Hon. Myron T. Herrick; Ckmn., Miss Anne Morgan; Treas., Dr. Alexander C. Humphreys.

PURPOSE. To assist the inhabitants of the devastated villages to become, again self-supporting by supplying implements of trade and to feed and educate the children who have suffered the horrors of war for five years.

American Committee for the Italian Evangelical Church at Geneva, Switzerland

OFFICE : 287 Fourth Ave , New York City.

COMMITTEE, CONSISTORY OP THE EEFORMED CHURCHES OF GENEVA : Eev. E. Mittendorf , Jean Martin, Jean Lombard, Rev. A. Carmagnola, Edmond Barbey, Rev. Ernest Christen, Leon Gouy, Chaplain Eli Bertalot, American representative and pastor of the Italian Evangelical Church, Geneva.

AMERICAN COMMITTEE ; Rev. Sylvester W. Beach, Rev. George Alexander, Rev Henry A Atkinson, Rev. Allen R. Bartholomew, Nolan R. Best, Rev. 'Hugh Black, Dr. John H. Finley, Mrs. John H. Finley, Rev. Harry B Fosdiek, Rev William I. Haven, C. V. Hibbard, Rev. John Kelman, Rev. Albert G. Lawson, Dr. Henry Goddard Leach, Rev Charles S. Macfarland, Rev William P. Merrill, Rev. Kenneth D. Miller, Rev. William W. Scudder, Fennel P. Turner, Rev. Cornelius Woelfkm, Rev Fred- erick Lynch, Secretary.

American Friends Service Committee

OFFICE: 20 South 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa. OFFICERS: Chmn., Rufus M. Jones; Treas., Charles F. Jenkins ; Exec. Sec., Wilbur K. Thomas.

PURPOSE: To carry on relief work in France, Germany, Austria, Poland and Russia, in such a way as to create a better understand- ing among nations, and thus make war less likely.

American and Foreign Christian Union

OFFICE: 104 E. 39th St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Rev. George Alexander; Vice-Pres., Rev. Frank Mason North; Sec., S. W. Thurber; Treas., Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., New York.

Directory of Service Organization 887

PURPOSE : To diffuse and promote the principles of religious liberty and evangelical Christianity at home and abroad; especially to aid in the maintenance of the American Church in Paris.

American McAI! Association

OFFICE: 1710 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Frank B. Kelley; First Vice-Pres., Mrs James C. Colgate; Gen. Sec., Miss Helen Bisliop Strong; Field Sec., Rev. Geo. T. Berry ; Cor. See., Miss Harriet Harvey ; Treas., Mrs. Abraham R. Perkins.

Auxiliary to La Mission Populaire Evangelique de France, founded in 1872 by R. W. McAll.

PERIODICAL: American Me All Record, Editor, Miss Harriett Harvey.

American Relief Administration (Inc.)

OFFICE : 42 Broadway, New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Herbert Hoover; Treas., Gates W. McGarragh; Director, Edgar Rickard.

PURPOSE: Receives and distributes relief for children of Austria, Poland and Russia. Conducting medical and general relief in Russia on behalf of cooperating organizations.

American Relief Committee for Hungarian Sufferers

OFFICE: Hotel McAlpin, New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Bartalan Barna; Treas., Rudolph Oblatt; Sec., Dr. Frank I. Horn.

PURPOSE: Raises funds to supply supplementary meals for Hun- garian children in cooperation with American Relief Administration European Children's Fund.

American National Bed Cross

(Organized 1881)

NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS.* "Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS Pres, Warren G. Harding; Tice-Pres , WHI. Howard Taft and Robert "W. DeForest; Chmn., John Barton Payne; Counselor, James M. Beck; Treas, Eliot Wadsworth; Sec., Mabel T. Boardman; Exec. Corn., John Barton Payne, Mrs. August Belmont, Mabel T. Boardman, Herbert Hoover, Maj. Gen. Merritte W. Ireland, Gustavus D. Pope, George E. Scott, Eear Admiral Edward R. Stitt, Eliot Wadsworth.

VICE CHAIRMAN IN CHARGE OF FOREIGN OPERATIONS: Albert Rose Hill.

VICE CHAIRMAN IN CHARGE OP DOMESTIC OPERATIONS: James L. Fieser.

DIVISION OFFICES. New England, 73 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.; Southern, 249 Ivy St., Atlanta, Ga,; Southwestern, 1709 Washington Ave , St. Lonis, Mo. ; Central, 660 Rush St., Chicago, 111. ; Pac^fic, Grove and Larkin Sts., San Francisco, Calif.; Wash- ington, 17th and D Sts., Washington, D. C.

338 Year Book of the Churches

PURPOSE: The Red Cross is the reserve emergency organization of the American people for community relief in time of disaster, and for relief of wounded and distressed in time of war.

PUBLICATION: Red Cross Conner (weekly), Washington, D. C.

LEAGUE OF BED CROSS SOCIETIES

HEADQUARTERS- True Quentin-Bauchart, Paris, France.

Includes the Red Cross societies of Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Chile, Cuba, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Esthonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Jugo-Slavia, Luxemburg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Siam, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela.

American Waldensian Aid Society

OFFICE : 520 West End Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Rev. Cornelius "Woelfkin; Eon. Vice-Pres., Rev, Henry A. Stimson; Yice-Pres., Rev. Henry Bverton Cobb, Rev, William Pierson Merrill, Yery Rev. Howard C. Robbins, Rev. JohnKelman, Gilbert Colgate; Treas , Mrs Harlan G. Men- denhall; Rec. See., Mrs. Frank Gardner Moore ; Field Sees., Mrs. Charles H. Seymour, Mrs. E W. Schauffler, 3640 Lake Park Ave., Chicago, 111. - Foreign Field Sec , Rev. Henry C. Sartorio, 5 Via Maria Cristina, Rome, Italy; CJimn. Exec. Com., Gilbert Colgate.

DEPOSITORIES: Messrs. Brown Brothers & Co., United States Mortgage & Trust Co.

PURPOSE: To help the religious, educational and relief work of the Waldensian Church of Italy. PERIODICAL; The Sempre Avantit Editor, Miss Annette Fiske.

Armenia America Society

(Organized, July, 1920)

OFFICE: 289 Fourth Ave., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., Walter George Smith, 711 Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ; Directory Eev. George E. Montgomery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the Society is to work toward securing such conditions in the settlement of the Near East problems that the Armenians may he given security and an opportunity to re- establish themselves, in their historic home as a nation. The Society is supported by voluntary contributions.

Baltic American Society, Inc,

OFFICE.* 15 Park Row, New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., B. J. Caldwell; Sec., Alfred C. Bossom; Treas., George Gordon Battle.

Directory of Service Organization 339

Commission on Relations with France and Belgium (Fed- eral Council)

See p. 267.

Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe (Federal Council)

See p. 267.

Committee on Mercy and Relief: Relief for Children of Russia (Federal Council)

See p. 267.

Huguenot Society of America

OFFICE: 2 W. 45th St., New York City. OFFICEKS-. Pres., Dr. W. J. Schieffelin; Sec., Miss Margaret A. Jackson.

Huguenot Association

OFFICE : New Bochelle, N. Y.

OFFICERS : Pres., John F. Lambden ; Sec., Morgan H. Seacord.

Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania

OFFICE: Heading, Pa.

OFFICERS: Pres., Hon. Gifford Pinchot; Sec., Mrs. Bobert S. Birch, 318 Windsor St., Beading, Pa.

Huguenot Society of South Carolina

OFFICE: Charleston, S. C.

OFFICERS: Pres., Hon. Thomas Wright Baeot; Sec., Daniel Bavenel, 54 Broad St., Charleston, S. C.

Huguenot Society of New Jersey

OFFICE: 655 Salem Road, Elizabeth, N. J. OFFICERS : Pres.f John L. Merrill ; Sec., Chauncey B. McPher- son.

Huguenot Society of London

OFFICE: 13 Phillimore Gardens, Kensington, W. 8, London, England.

OFFICERS: Hon. Sec., Col. Duncan GL Pitcher; Deputy Hon. Sec., Hon. Samuel B. Boget.

Near East Relief

OFFICE: 151 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Dr. James L. Barton; Vice-Chmn., Hon. John H. Finley; Gen. Sec., Charles V. Vickrey; Asso. Gen. Sees., John B. Voris, W. E. Doughty, Barclay son; Treas.j Cleveland H. Dodge.

340 Year Book of the Churches

PURPOSE: To administer relief in the form of food, clothing, medi- cal attendance, orphanages, industrial work, to the needy Armenians, Syrians, Greeks and other destitute peoples in the Near East without regard to race or creed.

Russian Refugee Relief Society of America, Inc.

OFFICE • 350 W 87th St., New York City.

OFFICERS • Hon. Pres , R Fulton Cutting ; Pres., W. W. Bouim- strow; Sec. and Asst Treas , Joseph Clark Baldwin, III, Exec. See., E. Macgrath.

Special Societies

ALLIANCE FRANCHISE, 32 Nassau Street, New York

AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR THE OUTLAWRY OF WAR, 76 West Monroe Street, Chicago, 111.

AMERICAN JUGOSLAV SOCIETY. Chmn , Dr. Albert Shaw, 49 Wall St , New York City.

AMERICAN-SCANDINAVIAN FOUNDATION: Pres, Board of Trus- tees, Hamilton Holt, Sec., James Creese, 25 West 45th Street, New York.

AMERICAN UNION AGAINST MILITARISM, 203 Westory Building, Washington, D. C

ASSOCIATION TO ABOLISH WAR, 14 Eoanoke Avenue, Jamaica Plains, Mass

CARNEGIE FOUNDATION FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE, 2 Jackson Place, Washington, D C.

CHJNA SOCIETY OF AMERICA- Pres., William S. Carey; Sec., William Nelson Searles, 13 Astor Place, New York.

CITIZENS COMMITTEE OP AMERICA, Park Row Bldg , New York City.

COMMITTEE FOR INTERNATIONAL REDUCTION OF ARMAMENT, 101 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass

COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL PUBLICITY IN THE INTERESTS OF WORLD PEACE, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York.

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, NATIONS EDUCATION AS- SOCIATION, Washington, D. C.

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS • H on. Chmn , Ehhu Root , Pres, John W. Davis; Sec. and Treas, Edwin F Gay, 25 W 43d Street, New York City.

ENGLISH-SPEAKING UNION : Pres , John W. Davis ; Sec and Treas., Charles 0. Goodrich; Exec. Sec.? John Daniels, 6 East 45th Street, New York

FELLOWSHIP OF RECONCILIATION, 396 Broadway, New York.

FRANCE- AMERICA SOCIETY: Pres., Nicholas Murray Butler; Sec., Snowden A. Fahnestock, 40 Wall Sreet, New York

FRIENDS OF BELGIUM : In process of organization.

FRIENDS OF MEXICO : In process of organization.

INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION, 419 West 117th Street, New York

Directory of Service Organization 341

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN, 925 Park Avenue, New York

INTERNATIONAL GOODWILL ASSOCIATION, 147 Kent Street, St. Paul, Minn

ITALY- AMERICA SOCIETY : Pres , Paul D Cravath ; Sec., Fran- cis Hartman Markoe, 23 West 43d Street, New York.

JAPAN SOCIETY : Pres., Frank A. Vanderlip ; Sec , Eugene C. Worden, 23 West 43d Street, New York.

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN, COMMITTEE ON PERMANENT PEACE, 19 Euston Street, Brookline, Mass.

NETHERLANDS- AMERICA FOUNDATION • Hon. Pres., Dr. J. A. C. Everwyn; Pres, Edward W. Bok; Sec pro tern,, Mrs. Hanna White 'Catlm, 311 Sixth Avenue, New York.

PAN-PACIFIC ASSOCIATION, Honolulu, T. H.

PEACE ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS IN AMERICA, Richmond, Ind.

PEACE ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS, 20 South 12th Street, Phila- delphia, Pa

POLAND-AMERICA SOCIETY Hon Presidents, Herbert Hoover, Prince Casimir Lubomirski , Sec., Clarence A. Manning, 40 West 40th Street, New York,

SOCIETY TO ELIMINATE THE ECONOMIC CAUSES OF WAR, Well- esley College, Wellesley, Mass.

THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF RUMANIA, INC • Pres, William Nelson Cromwell, Gen Sec , John Foster Dulles, 450 Madison Avenue, New York

WOMAN'S PRO-LEAGUE COUNCIL, 303 Fifth Avenue, New York.

WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE* AND FREEDOM, Chicago, 111.

WORLD FRIENDSHIP INFORMATION BUREAU, 1010 Arts Build- ing, Chicago, 111.

MEN AND BOYS Big Brother Movement, Inc.

OFFICE: 200 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Franklin Chase Hoyt; Sec., Charles A. Taussig; Treas., Francis J. Danforth; Chmn. Exec. Com,, Ernest K. Coulter (founder) ; Gen. Sec., Rowland C. Sheldon.

PURPOSE: To ascertain the cause of boys' troubles, and to build up within the boy a sense of honor and good citizenship.

A Federation of the Big Brother and Big Sister Movement was formed in 1904, inc. 1909. Offices, 200 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Boy Scouts of America

OFFICE: 200 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Hon. Pres., Warren G. Harding; Pres., Colin H. Livingstone; Chief Scout Exec., James E. West; Treas., George D. Pratt; National Scout Commissioner, Daniel Carter Beard; Special Field Scout Commissioner, Rev. Charles S. Macfarland.

342 Year Book of the Churches

PURPOSE: Supplementing existing agencies — the home, church, school — to develop character, good citizenship, initiative, and re- sourcefulness in boys by cultivating their interest in activities ^ of practical every-day value through their interest in the fascinating outdoor activities of the Scout leisure-time program, under carefully selected leadership.

PERIODICALS: Scouting (monthly), bulletin for men in the field; Boys' Life (monthly), for boys.

Boys' Club Federation

HEAD OFFICE : 110 W. 40th St., New York City. DIVISIONAL OFFICE : 343 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. Address the Exec. Sec , C. J. Atkinson, or Alexander Camp- bell, Divisional DIT 9 Chicago, 111.

PURPOSE: To organize clubs, supply superintendents, suggest pro- grams, conduct conferences, organize educational courses for workers with boys, provide speakers on boy problems for a great variety of occasions, and cooperate in local surveys and campaigns. Boys' Clubs specialize in work for underprivileged boys.

PERIODICAL: Boys' Workers' Round Table.

Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip

OFFICE: 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. OFFICER: Hon. Pres., Rev. Eufus W. Miller.

A Denominational and Interdenominational Men's Organization. PURPOSE: To advocate prayer and service and the spread of Christ's Kingdom among men.

Committee on !Boy Scout Work (Federal Council)

International Order of the Knights of King Arthur

(Organized 1893)

OFFICER: Pres., William Byron Forbush, Dreamelden, Route 3, Media, Pa.

PURPOSE: To adapt to the use of American boys the ancient ideals of chivalry. Organizes boys' fraternities, or "Castles," which are self-governing and under the control of a local church.

Young Men's Christian Associations, International Com- mittee

OFFICE : 347 Madison Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., James M. Speers; Vice-Chmn., Cleveland E. Dodge, Win D. Murray, Roger H. Williams,- Gen. Sec., John R. Mott; Asso. Gen Sec., F. S. Brockman; Treas., B. H. Fancher.

PURPOSE : To promote the spiritual, intellectual, physical and social well-being of young men and establish Young Men's Christian Asso- ciations in any country.

PERIODICAL: Association Men (monthly).

For detailed report and statistics, see Sec. V, "Religious Statistics," p. 425.

Directory of Service Organization 343

PEACE AND PATRIOTISM Allied Loyalty League

OFFICE: 57 West 58th St., New York City. OFFICERS: Chmn. Exec. Com., William M. Sullivan; Treas., Harris A. Dunn; Asst. Sec., Margaret H. Lawson.

PURPOSE: Promotes friendly understanding between the allied coun- tries, and a high type of Americanism, and combats anti-American propaganda,

American Association for International Conciliation

(Established 1906, Incorporated 1908)

OFFICERS : Pres., Nicholas Murray Butler, Columbia Uni- versity, New York City; Vice-Pres., Stephen Henry Olin, 149 Broadway, New York City; Sec., Henry S. Haskell, 407 W. 117th St., New York City; Treas., Robert A. Franks, 522 Fifth Ave., New York City.

PURPOSE: To promote in all practicable ways mutual understand- ing and good feeling between nations.

American Legion

(Organized and Incorporated 1919)

OFFICE: Chalfant Bldg., 24 B. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Ind.

OFFICERS : Nat'l Com., Alvin Owsley, Denton, Tex ; Nat 'I Vice- Commanders, Edward J. Barrett, Sheboygan, Wis. ; Watson B. Miller, Washington, D. C. ; E. Erie Cocke, Dawson, Ga. ; Eobert 0. Blood, Concord, N. H.; Chiles P. Phimmer, Casper, Wyo.; Nat 'I. Adjt , Lemuel Bolles, Seattle, Wash.; Treas., Eobert H. Tyndall, Indianapolis, Ind. ; Judge Adv., Eobert A. Adams, In- dianapolis, Ind.; Chaplain, Father Win. O'Connor, Cincinnati, Ohio; Historian, Eben Putnam, Wellesley Farms, Mass.; Asst. Nat 'I Adjt, Eussell G. Creviston, Marion, Ind.

PURPOSE: To uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States of America; to maintain law and order; to foster and perpet- uate a 100 per cent Americanism; to preserve the memories and in- cidents of our association in the Great War; to inculcate a sense of individual obligation to the community, state and nation; to combat the autocracy of both the classes and the masses; to make right the master of might; tx> promote peace and good-will on earth; -to safe- guard and transmit to posterity the principles of justice, freedom and democracy; to consecrate and sanctify our comradeship by our devotion to mutual helpfulness.

American Patriotic League

(Incorporated 1891) OFFICE: Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pa.

PURPOSE: To create a popular demand for moral and civic train- ing; to secure legislation for its introduction and supervision in all schools- at home and abroad. Drafts and assists in the enactment of State laws requiring school training in the duties of citizenship.

344 Year Book of the Churches

Organizes schools into school republics in which children have legis- lative, executive, and judicial powers under the instruction of the teacher.

American Peace Society, Inc.

(Organized 1828, Incorporated 1848) OFFICE . 612 Colorado Bldg , Washington, D C OFFICERS- Pres , Andrew J. Montague, Treas , George W

"White , Sec , Arthur Deerin Call

PURPOSE: To promote permanent international peace through justice; and to advance in every proper way the general use of con- ciliation, arbitration, judicial methods, and other peaceful means of avoiding and adjusting differences among nations, -to the end that right shall rule might in a law-governed world.

American School Citizenship League

(Established 1908)

OFFICE: 405 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass.

OFFICERS: Pres., Randall J. Condon (Supt. of Schools, Cincinnati) ; See., Mrs. Fannie Fern Andrews.

PURPOSE: The American School Citizenship League aims to develop an American citizenship which will promote a responsible world democracy and a real cooperation among the nations.

Carnegie Endowment o£ International Peace

(Organized 1910)

OFFICE: 2 Jackson Place N W., "Washington, D C OFFICERS- Pres, Elihu Root; Vice-Pres., George Gray; Sec,, James Brown Scott ; Asst See., George A. Finch ; Treas , Charle- magne Tower ; Asst Treas , Andrew J. Montague.

PURPOSE : To advance the cause of peace among nations, to hasten the abolition of international war, and to encourage and promote a peaceful settlement of international differences.

Church Peace Union

OFFICE: 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Rev. William P. Merrill; Sec., Rev. Henry A. Atkinson; Sec. Ed. Dept, Rev. Frederick Lynch; Treas., George A. Plimpton. Trustees: Rev. Peter Ainslie, Rev. Henry A. Atkinson, Rt. Rev. C. H. Brent, Rev. Arthur J. Brown, Rev. Francis E. Clark, Pres. W. EL P. Faunce, Robert H. Gardiner, Most Rev. J. J. Glennon, Rev. Frank

0. Hall, Bishop E. R. Hendrix, Hamilton Holt, Prof. Wm.

1. Hull, Rev. C. E. Jefferson, Henry Churchill King, Rev. Frederick Lynch, Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, Marcus M. Marks, Dean Shailer Mathews, Rev. Wm. P. Merrill, Henry Morgenthau, John R. Mott, George A. Plimpton, Rev. J. B, Remensnyder, Henry Wade Rogers, Robert E. Speer, Walker George Smith, Wm. H. Taf t, James J. Walsh, Bishop Luther B. Wilson.

PUKPOSE: The promotion of a Christian international order.

Directory of Service Organization 345

Commission on International Justice and Good- Will (Fed-

. etal Council) See p. 266.

Committee for Treaty Ratification

OFFICERS: Chmn., George W. Wickersliam ; Vice-Pres., Samuel Gompers; Vice-Pres., James Byrne; Sec., Charles S. Macfarland.

OFFICE OF SECRETARY: Room 612, 105 East 22d Street, New York City.

PUR35CK>E: To work for the ratification of the treaties resulting from the Limitation of Arms Conference and forward good-will be- tween the nations.

Early Settlers of America — Pioneer American Society

(Founded 1666; Reorganized 1888) OFFICE Box 555, Englewood, N. J OFFICER • Nee , G. S. Wyckoff

Foreign Policy Association

OFFICE: 3 West 29th St., New York City. OFFICERS: Chmn., James G. McDonald; Treas., Robert H. Gardiner; Exec. See., Christina Merriman.

PURPOSE: Stands for "a liberal and constructive American foreign policy." Concentrating on progressive reduction of armaments by international agreement.

General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains (Federal Council)

See p. 268.

Joint Committee on American Responsibility in Haiti and Santo Domingo

OFFICERS : See., Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, 105 East 22d St., New York City.

(Federal Council, Home Missions Council, Committee on Cooperation in Latin America.)

League to Enforce Peace

OFFICE : 1540 Broadway, New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., A. Lawrence Lowell; Treas., Herbert S. Houston ; See., William H. Short.

PURPOSE: "Organized to profnote an effective League of Nations with the United States as a member."

League of Free Nations Association

OFFICE : 3 West 29th St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., James G. McDonald; Treas., Robert H. Gardiner; Exec. Sec., Christina Merriman.

346 Year Book of the Churches

PURPOSE: Working for a liberal and constructive American foreign policy.

League of Nations Non-Partisan Association (Organized, January, 1923)

OFFICE: 15 "W. 37th St., New York City. OFFICERS : Pres., John H. Clarke ; Pres. of the Council, George W. Wickersham ; GJtmn. of Exec. Com., Everett Colby.

PURPOSE: To put aside all party or other differences, unite and invite other persons, and organizations, to unite with us, for the pur- pose of an independent, non-partisan cultivation of such a public opinion as will induce the present Administration, or if not this, the next one, to enter the League of Nations on such terms as to^ such Administration may seem wise, provided only that they be consistent with our Constitution and consonant with the dignity and honor, the moral responsibility and power of our Republic.

National American Council

(Organized May, 1921)

OFFICE: 55 W. 44th St., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., David Jayne Hill; Treas., Allan T. Burns ; Sec., James E. West.

PURPOSE : Americanization.

National Committee on American Japanese Relations

OFFICERS: Chmn., George W. Wickersham; Sec., Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, 105 E. 22d St., New York City.

National Committee for Constructive Immigration Legis- lation

OFFICE: 105 E. 22d St., New York City. OFFICERS : Chmn., Henry W. Jessup ; Sec., Sidney L. Gu- lick ; Treas., Albert G. Lawson.

PURPOSE: To secure legislation which will provide a simple, work- able, comprehensive and effective immigration system, which will ad- mit, annually, without racial discrimination, from each country only so many immigrants as we can wholesomely Americanize and employ, and which will raise the standards of naturalization, and give the privileges of citizenship to every one who qualifies.

National Council for Prevention of War

(Formerly National Council for Eeduction of Armaments)

OFFICE: 532 Seventeenth St., N. W. Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS: Vice-CTimn., Jane Addams, Carrie Chapman Catt, Francis E. Clark, Anna A. Gordon, John Grier Hibben, James E. Howard, "Will Irwin, Julia C. Lathrop, A. Lawrence Lowell, Lucia Ames Mead, Mrs. Philip North Moore, Maud Wood Park,

Directory of Service Organization 347

William Allen White; Exec. Board, Clement M. Biddle, Mrs. Louis D. Brandeis, T. Jarniey Brown, Edward Cummings, Har- old Evans, Mrs. G. Borden Harriman, George M. LaMonte, Katherine Ludington, Charles A. Lyman, Hugh S. Magill, Mrs. William Daly Phelan, Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, John A. Ryan, Gray Silver, Ethel M. Smith, Mrs. A. C. Watkins, Mrs. Ellis Yost; Exee. Sec., Frederick J. Libby; Treas., Charles H. Doing, Jr.

PURPOSE: The National Council for Prevention of War was or- ganized in Washington on October 20, 1921, under the name of the National Council for Reduction of Armaments as a clearing house of national organizations desiring to promote the purposes of the Washington Conference. It comprises twenty-eight national organiza- tions with eight cooperating organizations, totalling a membership of over ten millions, all of which have adopted as their common purpose the substitution of law for war. It is the Purpose of the Council to prevent duplication in the work of these organizations and by co- ordinating their efforts to make them more effective.

National Society of Children of the American Revolution (Organized and Incorporated 1895)

OFFICE : Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS : Natl Pres., Mrs. Frank W. Mondell, 2110 0 St. N. W., Washington, D. C. ; Treas., Mrs. Violet B. Janin, 12 Lafayette Square, Washington, D. C.; Rec. Sec., Mrs. Frank Ray, The New Berne Apartments, Washington, D. C.; Cor Sec., Miss Aimee Powell, 12 Lafayette Square, Washington, D. C.

National Society of the Daughters of the American Revo- lution

(Organized 1890, Incorporated 1896)

OFFICE: Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS: Pres. Genl, Mrs. Anthony "Wayne Cook; Treas. Gen'l, Mrs. Alfred Brosseau; EGO. Sec. Gen'l, Mrs. Frank A. Briggs; Org. Sec. Gen'l, Mrs. William S. Walker; Cor. Sec. Gen'l, Mrs. Franklin P. Shumway; Historian Gen'l, Mrs. George De Bolt ^Librarian Gen'l, Mrs. Larz Anderson; Curator Gen'l, Mrs. Charles S. Whitman; Chap. Gen'l, Mrs. Thomas A, Edi- son; Reporter Gen'l to Smithsonian Institute, Mrs. Alvin H. Connelly; Registrar Gen'l, Mrs. J. H. Stonfield.

PURPOSE: To perpetuate the memory and spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independence. Acquires and protects historical spots and erects fitting memorials. Encourages research and publishes results of historical study in relation to the Revolution. Preserves documents and relics and records of individual services of Revolutionary soldiers and patriots. Promotes celebrations of pa- triotic anniversaries. Assists in the extension of public education,

348 Year Book of the Churches

through its Americanization and Patriotic Education Committee. Seeks to maintain and extend institutions of American freedom and to fosteir patriotism and love of country.

New York Council for International Cooperation to Prevent War

(Organized, January 5, 1923)

OFFICE - 27 Barrow St , New York City

OFFICERS: Chmn , Mrs Mary K. Simkhovitch ; Vice-Chmn , Mrs AVillard D Straight, Mrs H Edward Dreier, Mrs Thomas B. Wells, Treas, Mrs Reginald Fmcke, Cor $ec , Mrs Samuel Bens; Exec Sec , Miss Marion Dickerman

PURPOSE: This organization has been created as a clearing house for all existing organizations m New York State interested in the subject of international cooperation to prevent war; to take action from time to time on matters of mtei national importance which have been decided upon by the Executive Committee; to carry on educa- tional work for the purpose of creating- sentiment against war as a means of settling international disputes and endeavors to create a sentiment for international cooperation; and stands for a broader measure of cooperation on the part of the Government of the United States with other countries specifically working for our entry into the World Court and the appointment of delegates to humanitarian com- missions of the League of Nations.

New York Peace Society

(Organized, 1906— Incorporated, 1910)

OFFICE • 70 Fifth Ave,, New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres , Oscar S Straus ; See., Charles H. Levfonore ; Treas, Central Union Trust Company of New York, 42d St. Branch.

PURPOSE: For International Justice and Friendship.

Society of Sponsors of the United States Navy (Organized 1908)

OFFICE. University Parkway, Baltimore, Md.

OFFICER: Pres., Mrs. W. L. Turpin, 1262 New Hampshire Ave., N. W , Washington, D. C.

PURPOSE: The securing to its members of those benefits which should accrue from an acquaintance and association of Women Spon- sors as a rule.

Sons of the Revolution in the State of New York (Founded in 1876, reorganized in 1883, it now has in the State of New York over 2,700 members, descendants of those who fought for the Independence of the United States)

OFFICE : Corner Broad and Pearl Sts., New York City.

OFFICEES: Pres., Robert Olyphant; First Vice-Pres., "William W. Ladd; Second Vke-Pres., Talbot Root, Third Vice-Pres., Walter C. Hubbard; Sec, Henry Russell Browne, Fraunces

Directory of Service Organization 349

Tavern, 54 Pearl St., New York City; Treas., J. Wray Cleve- land ; Registrar, Philip Livingston , Chaplain, Very Rev Howard C. Bobbins, Asst. Chaplain, Eev. Wm. P. Merrill; Historian, Frederick Gregory Mather.

PURPOSE: To perpetuate the memory of the men who, in military naval or civil service, by their acts or counsel, achieved American Independence; to promote and assist in the proper celebration of the anniversaries of Washington's Birthday, the Battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill, the Fourth of July, the Capitulations of Saratoga and Yorktown, the Evacuation of New York by the British Army, and other prominent events relating to or connected with the War of the Revolution; to collect and secure for preservation the manu- script rolls, records, and other documents and memorials relating to that War; to inspire among the members and their descendants the patriotic spirit of their forefathers ; to inculcate in the community in general sentiments of Nationality and respect for the principles for which the patriots of the Revolution contended; to assist in the commemorative celebration of other great historical events of Na- tional importance, and to promote social intercouse and the feeling of fellowship among its members.

Sulgrave Institution

(Organized 1914, Incorporated 1917)

OFFICE: Suite 3903 Woolworth Bldg., New York City.

OFFICERS- Chancellor, Alton B. Parker; Chmn. Board of Gov- ernors, John A. Stewart ; Treas , Gordon Hammersley ; Sec , Andrew B. Humphrey.

PURPOSE: American-British organization for furthering friend- ship and promoting good understanding between English-speaking peoples and all other peoples of good-will.

Women's Peace Society

(Organized October, 1919)

OFFICE : 505 5th Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Mrs. Henry Villard, 525 Park Avenue, New York City; Sec.-Chmn., Jessie W. Hughan; Treas., Miss Mary Abbott, 29 E. 29th St., New York City; See., Lina Mayer.

The underlying principle of this society is a belief in the sacredness and inviolability of human life under all circumstances.

Woodrow Wilson Foundation

OFFICE: 17 E. 42d St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn. Nat 'I Com., Franklin D. Roosevelt; Exec. Dir.9 Hamilton Holt; Exec. Sec., Carl H. Getz; Treas., Central Union Trust Company, of New York

PURPOSE: Created by public subscription in recognition of the National and International services of Woodrow Wilson, twice Presi- dent of the United States, who furthered the cause of human free- dom and was instrumental in pointing out effective methods for the cooperation of the liberal forces of mankind throughout the world.

350 Year Book of the Churches

The award or awards from the income of the foundation will be made from time to time by a nationally constituted committee to the individual or group that has rendered, within a specified period, meritorious service to democracy, public welfare, liberal thought or peace through justice.

World Alliance for Promoting International Friendship Through the Churches

OFFICE AMERICAN COUNCIL: 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS AMERICAN COUNCIL: Chmn., William P. Mer- rill ; Gen Sec., Eev. Henry A. Atkinson ; Educ. Sec., Kev. Freder- ick Lynch; Asso. Sec., Rev. Linley V. Gordon j Treas , George A Plimpton. Exec Com, Officers, Members ex- officio, and Rev. Peter Ainslie, Mrs. Jolm S. Allen, Rev, Nehe- miah. Boynton, Rev. Arthur J. Brown, Rev. Francis E. Clark, Mrs. Ida W. Harrison, Hamilton Holt, Rev. Charles S* Mac- farland, John R. Mott, Fred B. Smith, FenneU P. Turner, Bishop Luther B. Wilson, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Mrs. F. F. Williams.

OFFICES INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL: 41 Parliament Street, London, S. W. L

OFFICERS INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE: Pres., The Most Reverend the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury; Chmn., The Rev. Nehemiah Boynton ; Sir Willoughby H. Dickinson, 41 Par- liament St., London, England,* Rev. Frederick Lynch, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City; M. Jacques Dumas, 5 bis Rue de Beauvau, Versailles ; Pastor F. Siegmund-Schultze, Berlin, 0. 17, Fruchtstr. 64; Dr. Znut B. Westman, Sysslomansgatan 19, Upsala, Sweden; Professor Eugene Choisy, Ave. Galas 4, Champel, Geneva.

National Councils in Norway, Holland, Hungary, Turkey, Japan, Italy, Finland, Germany, Russia, Poland, Belgium, Great Britain, Jtoumama, Sweden, Esthonia, Bulgaria, Denmark, Switzerland, France, Greece, Spam, Austria, Czecho - Slovakia, Jugo - Slavia, Portugal.

PURPOSE: To unite all Christians and churches in promoting inter- national friendship ; to secure such a League of Nations as can settle international difficulties by judicial and other processes rather than by war; to provide American laws for the adequate protection of aliens; and to promote right relations with Japan and China, Mexico and Latin America.

This organization is interested solely in the task of promoting international friendship through the churches. There are Councils in 25 nations, and an international committee composed of represen- tatives of each of these countries. Holds annual world conferences; supports an International Secretary; publishes eight magazines, and is widely extending its work throughout America and the world.

World Peace Foundation

(Organized 1909 as the International School of Peace, Inc., 1910)

OFFICE: 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass.

OFFICERS: Gen. Sec., Edward CummingSj Cor, Sec. and Li-

Directory of Service Organization 351

"brarian, Denys P. Myers; Pres. Board of Trustees, William H. P. Faunce; Treas., A. W. Allen.

PURPOSE: To educate the people of all nations to a full knowledge of the waste and destructiveness of war, and by every practical means to promote international peace, justice and good-will.

RELIGIOUS PUBLICITY

Church Advertising Department

(Associated Advertising Clubs of the World)

OFFICES: 701 W. 177th St., New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres., Rev. Christian F. Eeisner, 701 W. 177th St., New York City; Vice-Pres., W. F. McClure, 701 W. 177th St., New York City, Rev. H. A. Porter, Atlanta, Ga., George W. Coleman, 701 W. 177th St., New York City, Rev. Roy L. Smith, Minneapolis, Minn., Father H. K. Pick- ert, St. Louis, Mo.; Rec. Sec., Elmer T. Clark, Nashville, Tenn.; Asst. Cor. Sec., E. A. Hungerford, New York City Y. M. C. A. Publicity Director; Treas., John Clyde Oswald, Publisher, "The American Printer," New York City.

PURPOSE: To be a clearing house for all the denominations, and other religious bodies.

Editorial Council of the Religious Press (Federal Council)

See p. 268.

Representative Non-Sectarian Religious Periodicals

Advocate of Peace, Washington, D. C.

Association Men, quarterly, New York City.

Bible Society Kecord, monthly, New York City.

Biblical Review, monthly, New York City.

Bibliotheca Sacra, quarterly, Oberlin, Ohio.

Christian Century, weekly, Chicago, 111.

Christian Endeavor World, weekly, Boston, Mass.

Christian Herald, weekly, New York City.

Christian Statesman, monthly, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Christian Union Quarterly, Baltimore, Md.

Christian Work and Evangelist, weekly, New York City.

Christian Workers. Magazine, monthly, Chicago, 111.

Everyland, monthly, New York City.

Expositor, monthly, Cleveland, Ohio.

Federal Council Bulletin, bi-monthly, New York City.

Gideon, monthly, Chicago, 111.

Gospel of the Kingdom, monthly, New York City.

Harvard Theological Review, quarterly, Cambridge, Mass.

Hibbert Journal, quarterly, Boston, Mass.

Homiletic Review, monthly, New York City.

Journal of Religion, bi-monthly, Chicago, 111.

International Review of Missions, quarterly, Edinburgh.

La Neuva Dempcracia, monthly, New York City.

Missionary Review of the World, monthly, New York City.

National Advocate, monthly, New York City.

North American Student, monthly, New York City.

Princeton Theological Review, quarterly, Princeton, N. J.

Record of Christian Work, monthly, East Northfield, Mass.

Religious Digest, monthly, New York City.

352 Year Book of the Churches

Religious Education, bi-monthly, Chicago, 111. Rural Manhood, monthly, New York City. Sunday School Times, weekly, Philadelphia, Pa. Survey, weekly, New York City. Union Seminary Review, weekly, Richmond, Va» Woman's Press, monthly, New Yoik City. World Tomorrow, monthly, New Yoik City. Word and Works, monthly, St. Louis, Mo.

SABBATH DAY Lord's Day Alliance o£ the United States

OFFICE: 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., James Yereance; Gen. Sec., Rev. Harry L. Bowlby , Field Rep , Rev John H. Willey ; Treas , George M. Thomson.

Officially represents 17 leading Christian denominations PURPOSE: To defend and preserve the Lord's Day as a day of rest and worship, to secure a weekly rest day for the toiler and to promote constructive Sunday legislation and law enforcement.

PUBLICATION: Lord's Day Leader (bi-monthly), Editor, H. L. Bowlby.

New York Sabbath Committee

(Organized April, 1857; Incorporated 1884)

OFFICE: 81 Bible House, New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Theodore Oilman; Vice-Chmn., Chas. F. Darlington; Treas., E. F. Hyde; Gen. Sec., Kev. Duncan J. McMillan; Rec. Sec., Rev. W. S. Hubbell.

SCOPE. Local, National and International.

PURPOSE . To maintain an orderly and restful Sabbath, upon which the life of the Church, the welfare of the community, the comfort of the family, and the efficiency and health of the toiling masses depend.

PERIODICAL: The Bulletin, Editor, Duncan J. McMillan.

Woman's National Sabbath Alliance

OFFICE : 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Stephen Yerkes MacNair; Cor. Sec., Miss Catherine Murray; Field Sec., Mrs. Robert B. Hull ; Treas., Mrs. Frank R. Van Nest.

PURPOSE: To promote the sanctity of the American Sabbath.

SOCIAL SERVICE American Association for Organizing Family Social Work

OFFICE: 130 E. 22d St., New York City. OFFICERS : Field Director, Francis H. McLean ; Exec. Di- rector, David H. Holbrook.

PURPOSE: To extend and develop family social work (formerly known as organized charity work).

PUBLICATION: The Family, a magazine for those interested in social case work.

Directory of Service Organization 353

American Association of Hospital Social Workers (Organized 1918)

OFFICE : The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. OFFICERS • Pres., M A. Cannon , Treas , Margaret S Brogden ; Sec , Lena E. Waters.

PURPOSE: To serve as an organ of intercommunication among hospital social workers, to maintain and improve standards of social work in hospitals and dispensaries, and to stimulate its intensive and extensive development.

American Association for Labor Legislation

(1906)

OFFICE: 131 E. 23d St., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., T. L. Chadbourne; Treas., Adolph Lewisohn ; Sec., John B. Andrews.

PURPOSE: To investigate conditions underlying labor legislation and to collect and disseminate information leading to the enactment and efficient enforcement of laws for the promotion of the comfort, health, and safety of employees.

American Child Health Association

(Organized January, 1923)

OFFICES: Washington Headquarters, 532 17th St., N W., Washington, B, C.; New York Office, 370 Seventh Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres , Hon Herbert Hoover ; Treas , Mr. Corcoran Thorn; Sec , Dr. Philip Van Ingen; Gen Exec., Courtenay Din- widdie; Director of Medical Service, Richard A. Bolt, M. D. ; Director of Health Education, Miss Sally Lucas Jean.

PURPOSE: The prevention of disease and promotion of health and development of children of all ages, awakening the interest of the general public in improving child life, and cooperation with public and private agencies for the attainment of these ends.

American Civic Association

(Organized 1904)

OFFICE: 914 Union Trust Bldg., Washington, D. C. OFFICERS: Pres., J. Horace McFarland; Treas., F. A. Vanderlip; Sec., Harlean James.

PURPOSE: For the cultivation of higher ideals of civic beauty in America; the promotion of town and neighborhood improvement; the preservation of landscape, and the advancement of outdoor art

American Country Life Association , (Organized 1918)

OFFICE : 347 Madison Ave., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., Kenyon L. Butterfield; Acting Treas.,

Charles F. Jenkins ; Exec. Sec , Henry Israel.

354 Year Book of the Churches

PURPOSE: Seeks to better rural conditions through conferences, publicity and coordination of rural social agencies.

American Federation of Labor

(Organized 1881)

OFFICE: American Federation of Labor Building, Wash- ington, D. C.

OFFICERS: Pres., Samuel Gompers; Treas., Daniel J. Tobin; See., Frank Morrison.

PURPOSE: Non-secret federation of trade and labor unions for the organization of labor and for the improvement of social and indus* trial conditions.

PUBLICATIONS: The American Federationist, monthly; History Encyclopedia, Reference Book; Weekly News Service.

American Home Economics Association

(Organized 1908, Incorporated 1909)

OFFICE: 1211 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md.

OFFICERS: Pres., Dr. Alice Blood, Simmons College, Boston, Mass.; Exec. Sec., Mary E, Sweeny; Office Sec., Keturah E. Baldwin.

PURPOSE: Seeks to improve conditions of living in the home, the institutional household, and the community.

American Jewish Committee (Inc.)

OFFICE : 171 Madison Ave., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., Louis Marshall; Treas., Isaac M. "Oilman; Acting Sec, Harry Schneiderman.

PURPOSE: Works to protect and prevent the infraction of civil and religious rights of Jews throughout the world.

American Prison Association

(Incorporated 1871)

OFFICE: 135 E. 15th St., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., Lewis E. Lawes, Ossining, N. Y. ; Gen. See., E. B. Cass ; Treas., D. M. Sawyer, Montelair, N. J. Fifty-third Annual Congress, Boston Mass., Sept. 13-19, 1923.

PURPOSE: To improve the laws in relation to public offences and offenders and the mode of procedure hy which such laws are en- forced; improvement of penal, correctional and reformatory institu- tions throughout the country, and of the government, management and discipline thereof; care of providing employment for discharged prisoners.

American Seamen's Friend Society

OFFICE: 76 Wall St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Rev. John B. Calvert; Vice-Pres., Rev. Nehemiah Boynton; Sec., Rev. George Sidney Webster; Treas., Clarence C. Pinneo; Asst. Sec.y B. L. McAll.

Directory of Service Organization 855

PURPOSE: To maintain a Sailors' Home and Institute in New York and chaplains in other ports, and to place loan libraries on. vessels that make long voyages from New York.

PERIODICAL: The Sailors' Magazine, Editor, Rev. George Sidney Webster.

American Social Hygiene Association

OFFICE : 370 Seventh Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Herman M. Biggs, M. D. ; Vice-Pres., Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen, William A. Evans, M. D. ; William S. Keller, M. D. ; Eay Lyman Wilbur, M. D. ; Gen. Dir., William P. Snow, M. D.

PURPOSE: The purposes of the Association are to acquire and diffuse knowledge of the established principles and practices and of any new methods which promote social health; to advocate the highest standards of private and public morality; to suppress commercialized vice; to organize the defense of the community by every available means, educational, sanitary, or legislative, against the diseases of vice and through other gneans to safeguard the family as the basic social unit.

Army Relief Society (Inc.)

OFFICE: 120 E. 36th St., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Henry L. Stimson; Treas., Cor- nelius R. Agnew.

PURPOSE: Raises funds, chiefly at Army posts, for relief and care of dependent orphans and widows of officers and enlisted men of the United States Army.

Blue Anchor Society

(Organized 1880, Incorporated 1882, Reincorp orated 1909)

OFFICE : Room 422, United Charities Building, 105 East 22d St., New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres., Mrs. Frederic T. Hume, 116 West 85th St., New York City; Treas., Mrs. E. Louise Young, 215 Manhattan Ave., New York City.

PURPOSE: To supply the coast guard stations throughout the United States with clothing, etc., for the shipwrecked, under requisition from the Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, D. C.

Children's Aid Society

(Incorporated January, 1855)

OFFICE : 105 E. 22d St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., William Church Osborn; Treas., Edwin Gr, Merrill; Sec., Charles Loring Brace; Counsel, George N. Whit- tlesey, 170 Broadway, New York City.

The Children's Aid Society maintains ten school centers for handicapped children; six sanitaria in the country and by the sea; a medical bureau for medical and mental examination of children requiring convalescent or permanent care; four shelters for boys

356 Year Book of the Churches

and girls; a placmg-out department which rescues orphan and de- serted children and places them in carefully selected homes through- out the country.

Central Howard Association (Inc.)

OFFICE: 608 South Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. OFFICERS: Pres., George W. Dixon; Treas., Charles E. Coleman; Supt., F. Emory Lyon.

PURPOSE: Aids prisoners and seeks to promote prison reform in Central States.

Commission on the Church and Country Life (Federal Council)

Commission on the Church and Social Service (Federal Council)

See p. 264.

Commonwealth Fund

(Incorporated, 1918)

OFFICE : 1 E 57th St , New York City

OFFICERS - Pres , Edward S Harkness , Treas., Otto T. Ban- nard; Gen. Dir , Barry C. Smith; Asst Dir , Barbara S. Quirt; Advisor in Educational Research, Max Farrand.

PURPOSE: The particular object for which the corporation is formed is the application to the welfare of mankind of the income or the principal of such funds as from time to time the corporation shall possess. 0

Community Service

(Organized and Incorporated 1919)

OFFICE : 315 Fourth Ave , New York City. OFFICER: See.. H. S. Braueher.

PURPOSE: Builds citizenship through helping local communities to work out their leisure-time programs. Maintained by the Play- ground and Eecreation Association of America.

Federation for Child Study

(Organized 1888)

OFFICE : 2 W. 64th St., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres, Mrs Howard S, Gaiis; Sec, Mrs H. R. Mil- ler, Treas., Mr. Jesse W. Ehrieh

PURPOSE: To help parents make their parenthood more intelligent, more efficient and of the highest use to their children. Studies child problems and acts as clearing house of information for parents, teachers and social workers.

Indian Eights Association

OFFICE: 995 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

OFFICERS: Hon. Pres , Moorfield Storey; Pres., Herbert Welsh;

Directory of Service Organization 357

Sec , Matthew K. Sniffen , T> eas , Charles J Ehoads , Agt , S. M. Brosius, McGill Bldg , Washington, D. C.

PURPOSE: Non-political; non-sectarian. To secure to the Indians of the United States the political and civil rights already guaranteed to them by treaty and statutes of the United States, and such as their civilization and cii cumstances may justify.

Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men

(Organized by Red Cross, 1917; Incorporated 1920)

OFFICE : 245 E. 23d St , New York City.

OFFICERS . Pres , Samuel M Greer ; Vice-Pres , Miss Florence S Sullivan; Sec., Walter B Hope, Treas., Jeremiah Milbank; Director, John Culbert Faries.

PURPOSE: To discover and piovide suitable means to enable men who are physically handicapped to earn their living; to offer counsel and advice to individuals and organizations seeking help for crippled and disabled men; to piomote general interest m the problem of the rehabilitation of the disabled. Conducts vocational classes and a free employment bureau ; makes artificial limbs and supplies them to crip- ples at cost; supplies work to home-bound cripples.

International Eeform Bureau

OFFICE : 206 Pennsylvania Ave S E , Washington, D. C. OFFICER : Pres., Rev. Robert Watson

PURPOSE; To repress intempeiance, impurity, Sunday desecre- tion, gambling and kindred evils; to substitute wholesome recreations; to promote Bible reading in schools, and arbitration and conciliation instead of industrial and international war.

PERIODICAL: Twentieth Century Quarterly.

Jewish. Welfare Board

(Organized 1917; amalgamated with Council of Young Men's Hebrew and Kindred Associations, July, 1921)

OFFICE: 352 Fourth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Irving Lehman; Vice-Pres., Felix M. War- burg; Jacob M. Loeb, Chicago, 111.; Jacob K. Newman, New Orleans, La.; M. C. Sloss, San Francisco, Calif.; Sec., Joseph Rosenzweig; Treas., Edward S. Steinam, Exee Dir , Harry L Glucksman.

Affiliated Organizations, 16.

Constituent Societies, 370.

PURPOSE: To promote the social welfare of soldiers,, sailors and marines m the service of the United States, and especially to provide for /men of the Jewish faith m the Army and Navy adequate oppor- tunity for religious worship and hospitality of Jewish communities adjacent to military and naval posts. To stimulate the organization and to assist in the activities of Jewish Centers, Hebrew Associations and kindred organizations, and to co-operate with all similar bodies in the development of Judaism and good citizenship.

358 Year Book of the Churches

Joint Committee on Utilizing Surveys

(Federal Council, Home Missions Council, and the Council of Women for Home Missions)

HEADQUARTERS: 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. OFFICERS: Chmn., Rev. L. C. Barnes; See., Rev. Rodney W. Roundy.

Joint Distribution Committee of the American Funds for Jewish War Sufferers

OFFICE : 64 Water St., New York City. OFFICERS: Chmn., Felix M. Warburg; Treas., Paul Baer- wald; See., Albert Lucas, Address the Secretary.

Represents the American Jewish Relief Committee, the Central Relief Committee, and the Jewish People's Relief Committee.

Mariners* Family Asylum

(Established and incorporated 1843)

119 Tompkins Ave., Stapleton, Staten Island, N. Y.

OFFICERS: Treas., Elmer W. Durkin, 142 Manor Rd., West New Brighton, S. L, N. Y.; Cor. Sec., Mrs. Henry Cattermole, 18 Pommer Ave., Tompkinsville, S. L, N. Y.; Rec. Sec., Mrs. G. D. Pine, 25 So. Elliott PL, Brooklyn, N. Y.

A home for aged and destitute widows, wives, mothers, sisters and daughters of seamen who have sailed from the port of New York.

National Association of Audubon Societies

OFFICE : 1974 Broadway, New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., T. Gilbert Pearson; Sec, William P. "Whar- ton, Groton, Mass.; Treas., Dr. Jonathan Dwight, 43 "W. 70th St., New York City.

PURPOSE: To -encourage the study of wild birds and animals and work for their protection.

National Association of Travelers' Aid Societies (Organized 1917)

OFFICE: 25 W. 43d St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., William S Royster; Vice-Pres f Mrs. George Vaux, Jr ; Asst. Treas., Mrs. Robert L. Dickinson; Gen. Dir., John R ShiHady.

PURPOSE: The National Association of Travelers' Aid Societies is an- association of local organizations throughout the United States for which it serves as a medium for the cooperation of noncommercial protective agencies which have to do with the assistance of travelers, especially women and girls; also to aid in the development, improve- ment and unification of the work of such agencies.

PERIODICAL: National Travelers' Aid Bulletin.

Directory of Service Organization 359

National Board of Review of Motion Pictures

( Established, 1909, by Peoples' Institute)

OFFICE : 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Acting Chmn., Clarence A. Perry; Treas , Dr. My- ron T. Scudder ; Exec. Sec., "W. D. McGuire ; Review Sec., Wilton A Barrett; Membership Sec, Francis Barrett, Sec Nat 'I Com for Better Films, Affiliated with the Nat 'I Board of Review, Alice B. Evans.

PURPOSE: An extra-legal volunteer organization reflecting public sentiment and cooperating nationally with producers and city offi- cials m the review and regulation of motion pictures on the basis of minimum standards, and with numerous organizations, individuals, groups, etc., in the extension of the use of worth-while motion pic- tures, both inside the theaters and without.

National Child Health Council

(Organized 1920)

6FFICE : 17th and D Sts. N. W,, Washington, D. C.

PURPOSE: Acts as a clearing house for the literature, plans, pro- grams and itineraries of its constituent organizations so far as they deal with child health. Is a council of national organizations, which, through conferences, reports, and field experimentation, aims to de- velop methods of coordinating all child health efforts of the con- stituent organizations, in relation to each other, to other national organizations and public departments, and to State and local agencies.

National Child Labor Committee

(Organized April, 1904)

OFFICES : 105 B. 22d St., New York City.

OFFICERS : Chmn.f Samuel McCune Lindsey, Columbia Univer- sity, New York City ; Vice-Chmn., Homer Folks ; Treas., E. Ev- erit Macy, 24 Broad St., New York City; Trustee Emeritw, Felix Adler, Ethical Culture Society, New York City ; Gen. Sec , Owen E. Lovejoy, 105 E. 22d St., New York City.

PURPOSE: The Committee was organized for the purpose of safe- guarding childhood as affected by industrial and agricultural condi- tions, and promoting the normal development of children by opportunities of education and health ; to create throughout the United States an enlightened public opinion in support of these objects, and to secure their progressive realization by the enactment and en- forcement of appropriate laws. The legislative program of the Committee is chiefly concerned with child labor laws, compulsory education laws, mothers' pension laws, and children's codes.

Items in the Committee's whole program include: Better child labor laws, better enforced; better school attendance laws, better enforced; better schools with stronger holding power of -their own; vocational training, guidance and placement; health supervision of the child in school and at work; physical examination of applicants for working papers; provision of public recreation facilities for children; children's scholarships, mothers' pensions, and other means of relieving or preventing poverty; all children under 16 in school on

360 Year Book of the Churches

lull time; all children between 16 and 18 in part-time or continuation schools, unless in school on full time. Investigation and research work is carried on by its staff of specialists in the various child-wel- fare fields related to child labor. Child- welfare surveys on a state- wide basis, covering- subjects of health, schools, recreation, child labor, rural life, dependency, delinquency, children's institutions, laws and administration are made on invitation as foundation for children's code. Informational function of Committee is performed through publications, publicity and membership campaigns, and public ad- dresses. Holds an annual meeting, proceedings of which appear in its magazine. Promotes observances of Child Labor Day (last Sun- day in January in churches, together with preceding Saturday in synagogues and following Monday in schools, clubs and the like). Furnishes photographs, slides, and exhibits, apply to central office for particulars. Publishes pamphlets, reports, and The American Child, monthly, $2 a year; free to members. Membership is open to all friends of children. Supported by annual membership dues, $2 and up. Is affiliated with the National Child Health Council.

National Child Welfare Association

(Established, 1912; Incorporated, 1914)

OFFICE : 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Judge William H. Wadhams; Treas., Amos H. Prescott ; Gen. Sec., Charles F. Powlison.

PURPOSE: Originates and publishes exhibit material visualizing conditions affecting the physical, mental and moral development of children.

National Christian League for the Promotion of Purity

OFFICE : 5 E. Twelfth St., New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres , Elizabeth B Grannis ; Cor. Sec , Charles H Donovan; Rec. Sec , Charlotte Woolley, M. D.; Treas , Benjamin A. M. Shapiro.

PURPOSE: The spread of the claims of morality and the assistance

of Christian efforts for purity.

National Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor

OFFICE: 2 Rector St., New York City.

OFFICERS- Pies., Adolph Lewisohn, Exec Dir , E Stagg Whittm; Treas , Edwin P. Grosvenor, Sec, J K. Jaffray.

9 PURPOSE: To study the problem of labor in prisons and correc- tional institutions, with a view to securing legislation for such em- ployment of prisoners as will promote their welfare and at the same time reimburse the institutions for expense of maintenance, while preventing unfair competition between prison-made goods and the products of free labor, and securing to their dependent families a fair proportion of the rightful earnings of prisoners.

National Community Board

(Organized and Incorporated 1920)

OFFICE: 1516 H St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS: Pres., Henry E. Jackson, Chatham Courts Washington, D. C.; Treas., E. W. Law, Collins, N. Y.; Sec

Directory of Service Organization 361

Major Oliver P. Newman, 2700 Connecticut Ave., Wash- ington, D. C.

Plans to transfer its work to Congress and the States within a period of 25 years.

PURPOSE: Acts as a promoting center and service station; first, to assist local communities to organize themselves on the basis of citizenship; second, to aid community service agencies, both govern- mental and volunteer, in functioning more effectively and in elimi- nating waste of money, energy, and good-will due to needless dupli- cation.

National Conference of Catholic Charities

(Organized 1910)

Sec., Rev. John O'Grady, Catholic University, Washing- ton, D. C.

PURPOSE: To bring about the exchange of information between Roman Catholics engaged in Catholic charities and for the improve- ment of standards in Catholic work. Encourages further develop- ment of literature in which the religious and social ideals of charity shall find dignified expression.

PUBLICATIONS: Catholic Charities Review (monthly, except July and August) ; "Directory of Catholic Charities m the United States." Pamphlets on the different phases of social work.

National Conference of Jewish Social Service (Organized 1899)

OFFICE : 114 Fifth Ave , New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres , Miss Frances Taussig, 356 2d Ave., New York City; Vtce-Pres., Maurice B. Hexter, 25 Tremont St., Boston, Mass ; Philip L. Seman, 1258 W. Taylor St , Chicago, 111. ; Miss Blanche J. Hart, 687 E. High St , Detroit, Mich. ; Sec., Samuel A. Goldsmith; Treas., Bernard Greensf elder, 1212 Central Nat'l Bank Bldg , St. Louis, Mo.

PURPOSE: To promote the organization of communities along the lines of Jewish social service; to stimulate Jewish philanthropic en- deavor; to coordinate the work of existing agencies and federations; and to establish uniform national standards in the various phases of Jewish social service.

National Conference o£ Social Work

OFFICE: 25 East 9th St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

OFFICERS: Pres., Homer Folks, New York City; Gen. Sec., William Hammond Parker, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Treas., C. M. Book- man, Cincinnati, Ohio,

PURPOSE: To facilitate discussion of the problems and methods, of practical human improvement, to increase the efficiency of the agen- cies and institutions devoted to this cause, and to disseminate infor- mation.

PERIODICAL: The Conference Bulletin.

362 Year Book of the Churches

National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teachers Asso- ciation

(Organized, 1897; Incorporated, 1900)

OFFICE: 1201 Sixteenth St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

OFFICEKS : Pres., Mrs Augusta H. Keeve, Chestnut Hill, Phila- delphia, Pa.; Sec,, Mrs Arthur C. Watkins, 1201 16th St., Washington, D. C.; Natl. Treas., Mrs. Hubert N. Rowell, 3158 College Ave., Berkeley, Calif.

PURPOSE: To promote child welfare in the home, school, church, and State; to develop wiser, better trained parenthood; to organize local groups of parents and teachers, and to assist local groups already formed.

National Federation of Settlements

(Organized 1911)

Exec. Sec., Albert J. Kennedy, 20 Union Park, Boston, Mass.

PURPOSE: To reinforce the various phases of federated action among neighborhood agencies; to assemble information regarding settlement experience throughout the country; to secure capable re- cruits for settlement work; to urge measures of State and national legislation suggested by settlement experience; to promote the better organization of neighborhood life generally.

National Florence Crittenton Mission

OFFICE: 218 Third St., Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Kate Waller Barrett, MJD., 408 Duke St., Alexandria, Va.; Vice-Pres., Honorable Jas. T. Petty, Washington, D. C.; Sec., John B. Barrett, Clifton Station, Va. ; Treas., F. B. Waterman, Room 910, 108 Ful- ton St., New York City.

PURPOSE: To aid and encourage destitute, homeless and un- fortunate girls and unmarried mothers. In addition to our 68 homes throughout the country we have a 360-acre farm, an Industrial and Agricultural Training School for Girls situated at Clifton Station (Southern R. R.), Va.

National Health Council

(Organized 1920)

OFFICES: 17th and D Sts., N. W., Washington, D. C., and Penn Terminal Bldg., 370 Seventh Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Lee K. Frankel; Vice-Ghmn., Prankwood E. Williams, M. D.; Rec. Sec., S. J. Crumbine, M. D.; Treas., "William F. Snow, M. D.; Exec. Officer, D. B. Armstrong; Wash- ington Rep., James A. Tobey; Ad. Sec., Walter Clarke j Sec. and Asst.f Helen B Eveline.

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS : American Public Health Association, American Red Cross, American Social Hygiene Association, American Society for the Control of Cancer, Conference of State and Provincial Health Authorities of North America, Council

Directory of Service Organization 863

on Health and Public Instruction of American Medical Associa- tion, National Child Health Council, National Committee for Mental Hygiene, National Organization for Public Health Nurs- ing, National Tuberculosis Association; Conference Member, U. S. Public Health Service, cooperating through the National Child Health Council, American Child Health Association and National Child Labor Committee.

PURPOSE: Aims to serve as a clearing house and coordinating cente? for the independent, autonomous agencies represented in its member- ship. Plans to maintain information, legislative, and statistical bu- reaus and to hold periodic joint conferences for the coordination of health activities and the development of educational health, material.

National Indian Association

(Organized 1879, Incorporated 1887)

OFFICE: 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Otto Heinigke; Exec. Sec., John W. Clark; Treas., Mrs. Anna B. Clark.

RELIGIOUS WORK: Direct undenominational teaching of religious truths in places where no Christian instruction is given by any other agency.

EDUCATIONAL, HUMANITARIAN, MEDICAL AND INDUSTRIAL WORK: Gathering of Indian children into schools; providing hospitals and dispensaries, and homes for aged Indian women and for Indian orphans. Introduction of industries among various tribes to help the Indian to a position of self-support.

POLICY: The policy of the Association is to give its missions, when well established, together with the property attached, to the perma- nent care of denominational mission boards asking for them. The Association has done this, pioneer missionary work in fifty-three tribes and separated parts of tribes.

BUILDINGS ERECTED: About sixty buildings have been erected. These include twenty-three mission cottages, five model cottages in Alaska (which led to the noted "Model Cottage Settlement" at Sitka), nine churches and chapels, six school houses, three homes for the aged Indian women and orphans, two hospitals, one hospital cottage, a "fresh air" room, and other buildings connected with the work at various mission stations.

The Association's latest mission is among the Rocky Boy Band of Chippewas and Crees in Montana, where a large community work is being carried on, in charge of three white workers and one native helper.

National Information Bureau

HEADQUARTERS: 1 Madison Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres., Gustavus D. Pope, Detroit, Mich. ; Vice- Pres. and Treas., Paul L. Feiss, Cleveland, 0. ; Second Vice- Pres., Lawson Purdy, New York City; Sec.f Owen R. Love- joy, New York City; Director, Allen T. Burns, 1 Madison Ave., New York City,

PURPOSE: To standardize national social, civic and philanthropic work and protect the contributing public.

364 Year Book of the Churches

National Lend-a-Hand Society

(Organized, 1914; Incorporated, 1915)

OFFICE: 106 Park Row, New York City. OFFICER : Exec Sec , Kev. George Sanderson

PURPOSE: To "lend a hand, temporally, morally and spiritually, to discharged prisoners." Assists them, irrespective of race, creed or sex, to secure positions of honest employment. Receives prisoners paroled to its custodial care, assists them to procure employment, and advises and supervises them until they are discharged from custody. Executive Secretary makes periodical visits to prisons in many States, addresses prisoners in their prison chapels, holds per- sonal interviews with them, and arranges to assist them to obtain employment when they are discharged. Membership is open to inter- ested persons.

National Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild

(Organized 1893; Incorporated 1906)

OFFICE : 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

NATIONAL OFFICERS: Founder and Pres., Mrs. John Wood Stewart; Hon Pres., Henry Fairfield Osborn; Treas., Vir- ginia D. H Furmaii; Sec , Ellen Eddy Shaw

PURPOSE: To give to the sick poor in hospitals and tenements sym- pathy and cheer through the distribution of plants, cut flowers, fruit and jelly. To establish garden clubs, children's community gardens in cities and towns, and supply flowering boxes for congested tene- ment districts. Supported by subscription and donations.

National Probation Association, Inc.

(Organized 1907; Incorporated 1921)

MAIN OFFICE . 370 Seventh Ave., New York City OFFICERS: Pres., Hon A. C. Backus, Municipal Court, Mil- waukee, Wis ; Vice-Pres , Hon. James Hoge Kicks, Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court, Richmond , Treas , Hon. George Gor- don Battle, 37 Wall St , New York City; Gen. Sec , Charles L. Chute, 370 Seventh Ave , New York City ; Chmn. Board of Di- rectors, Hon. Franklin Chase Hoyt, Presiding Judge, Children's Court, New York City

PURPOSE: To study, establish, extend, and standardize adult and juvenile probation, juvenile courts, domestic relations or family courts, and other specialized courts using the probation system. Sup- ports efforts to prevent or reduce delinquency, and to promote rational and humane treatment of crime and delinquency.

National Reform Association

(Organized 1863; Incorporated 1890) OFFICE : 209 Ninth St , Pittsburgh, Pa. OFFICERS: Pres., Thonia& D. Edgar; Gen. Supt , James S. Martin; As^jS^ifpt./ljarimore C. Denise, Gen Sec., James S. s., James S. Tibby

Directory of Service Organization 365

PURPOSE: To maintain existing Christian features in govern- ment, to advocate moral reforms and to bring governments to an acceptance of the moral laws of the Christian religion. PERIODICAL: The Christian Statesman.

National Safety Council

(Organized 1912)

OFFICE. 168 North Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111 OFFICERS- Pres., Marcus A Dow; Treas. and Chmn. Finance Com., Homer E. Niesz, Managing Dir. and Sec, W H Camer- on; Chief, Bus. Dir., W. Dean Keefer.

PURPOSE: The object of this organization shall be to promote the conservation of human life — the safety, health, and welfare of the individual, the workmen in the industries, and the public gen- erally, particularly as related to the prevention of accidents and vocational diseases and the subject of industrial sanitation.

National Women's Trade Union League of America (Organized 1903)

OFFICE : 311 South Ashland Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

OFFICERS: Hon. Pres., Mrs Raymond Robins; Pres., Mrs. Maud Swartz, 247 Lexington Ave., New York City; Vice-Pres., Miss Rose Schneiderman, 247 Lexington Ave., New York City; Sec.-Treas., Miss Elizabeth Christman, 311 S. Ashland Boule- vard, Chicago, 111.

PURPOSE: To look toward democracy in the workshop and a full and normal life for all. To make this vision a reality and to hasten its coming is the aim of the National Women's Trade Union League of America. Platform: Organization of all workers into trade unions. Equal pay for equal work, regardless of sex or race. Eight-hour day and 44-hour week. An American standard of living. Full citizen- ship for women. The outlawry of war. Closer affiliation of women workers of all countries.

Neighbors' League of America, Inc.

(Organized 1917; Incorporated 1919)

OFFICE: Demonstration Center, 225 B. 99th St., New York City.

OFFICEKS-. Acting Pres.., Thomas Burgess, 281 Fourth. Ave., New York City ; Sec., Mrs. Lemuel Call Barnes, 459 Marlborough Road, Yonkers, N. Y. ; Registrar and Treas., Miss Lily Bryant, Care Corn Exchange Bank, Pennsylvania Station Branch, New York City.

PURPOSE: The general purpose of the Neighbors* League of America, Inc., is the promotion of neighborly relations between native- born and foreign-born Americans through mutual acquaintance and cooperation. The League specializes in teaching the language and the ideals of America to foreign-born mothers of little children whose home cares prevent their attendance at public classes. In cooperation with Teachers' College, Columbia University, the Neighbors' League of America, Inc., trains teachers for practical Americanization work.

366 Year Book of the Churches

New York Foundation

(Incorporated 1909)

OFFICE: 87 Nassau St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Trustees, Alfred M. Heinsheimer, Pres.; Mortimer L. Schiff, Felix M. Warburg, Lee P. Prankel, Herbert H. Lehman, Sam A. Lewisohn, David M. Heyman, Treas.; William F. Fuerst, Sec.

Administers funds for the encouragement of charitable and other philanthropic efforts.

Permanent Blind War Relief Fund

OFFICE: 590 Fifth Ave., New York City.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS: James M. Beck, William Nelson Cromwell, John Foster Dulles, Samuel W. Fairchild, James W. Gerard, Otto H. Kahn, Miss Helen Keller, Mrs. Cora Parsons Kessler, Alvin W. Krech, Rev. Charles S. Macfar- land, Julius M. Mayer, Morgan J. O'Brien, Sir Arthur Pear- son, Bt, Samuel Robert, L. Livingston Seaman, Rev. Ernest M. Stires.

PURPOSE: Permanent reconstruction work for soldiers and sailors blinded in the war.

Playground and Recreation Association of America

OFFICE : 315 Fourth Ave., New York City. OFFICERS : Pres , Joseph Lee ; Sec., Howard S. Braucher ; Treas., Gustavus T. Kirby.

PUKPOSE: The promotion of normal, wholesome play and public recreation. Maintains also Community Service and the National Phy- sical Education Service.

Playground and Recreation Association, National Physical Education Service

(Organized 1918)

OFFICE: 309 Homer Bldg., 13th and F Sts. N. W., Wash- ington, D. C.

PURPOSE: Works to secure Federal legislation for physical educa- tion; universal physical education in the schools of all states. Seeks to stimulate popular opinion which would assure both legislation and its effective operation. Sends representatives to states planning physical education legislation; these field workers organize local and state campaigns, address meetings, and otherwise aid in bringing about the enactment of such laws.

Protestant Protective Unity League

OFFICE: 500 Fifth Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres., Mrs. George W. Danziger ; Treas , William C. Kronmeyer; Sec., Mrs. Guy Beaver King; Managing Dir Elle H. Shaw.

Directory of Service Organization 367

PURPOSE: Acts as bureau of information to those interested in Protestant activities, suggesting and finding homes for aged, infirm, incurable and children ; both sexes and with no regard to denomination or color. Protestant only. Also gives emergency relief as funds permit.

Research Department Commission on the Church and Social Service (Federal Council)

See p. 264.

Eussell Sage Foundation

OFFICE: 130 E. 22d St., New York City.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS: Pres., Robert W. de Forest; Vice-Pres., Mrs. "William B. Bice; Sec. and Gen. Dir , John M. Glenn; Treas., Charles D. Norton; Frederic A. Delano, John H. Finley, Dwight W. Morrow, Louisa Lee Sehnyler, Mrs. Finley Shepard.

The Foundation was established in 1907 by Mrs. Russell Sage in memory of her husband. It was incorporated by an act of the Legis- lature in April, 1907. Mrs. Sage gave to the Foundation an en- dowment of $10,000,000. Bv her will she bequeathed it an additional sum of about $5,000,000. The income only may be spent.

PURPOSE: As stated in its charter, the purpose of the Foundation is "the improvement of social and living conditions in the United States of America." The charter further says: "It shall be within the purpose of said corporation to use any means which from time to time shall seem expedient to its members or trustees,, including re- search, publication, education, the establishment and maintenance of charitable and benevolent activities, agencies, and institutions, and the aid of any such, activities, agencies, or institutions already estab- lished." It does not relieve individual need. The management of the Foundation vests in a board of nine trustees, which is self-per- petuating.

The Foundation acts through a number of departments of its own and through a few other agencies which are especially equipped to carry on campaigns against certain evils, such as tuberculosis and bad housing. Its departments are as follows:

Charity Organization Department, Mary E. Kichmond, Director, Fred S. Hall, Associate Director; Department of Child Helping, Hast- ings H. Hart, Director; Department of Industrial Studies, Mary Van Kleeck, Director; Department of Recreation, Lee F. Hanmer, Director; Clarence A. Perry, Associate Director; Division of Remedial Loans, Caro D. Coombs, Secretary; Department o£ Statistics, B. G. Hurlin, Director; Department of Surveys and Exhibits, Shelby M Harrison, Director, E. G. Routzahn, Associate Director; Library, Frederick W. Jenkins, Librarian, Bertha M. Hulseman, Assistant Librarian.

Sailors' Snug Harbor

(Founded, 1801; Incorporated, 1806)

New Brighton, Staten Island.

CITY OFFICE : 262 E. Green St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Irving T. Bush; Governor, George E. Beck- with; Comptroller, W. A. Guenther; Deputy Comptroller, J. L. Brink; Edward H. Cole, Application Agent, to whom apply.

A home for aged, decrepit and wornout sailors.

368 Year Book of the Churches

Society for the Friendless

Massachusetts Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. OFFICERS: Pres., T. P. Carver; Treas., W. H. Barnard; Natl. Supt., Rev. James Parsons.

Operates as general directing organization for State societies for the friendless, engaged in prisoners' aid work and prison reform.

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Incorporated 1866)

OFFICE • Madison Ave. and 26th St , New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres , F K Sturgis , Treas , Henry Bergli ; Sec , Kichard Welling, Gen Mgr , W. K. Horton

PURPOSE: For the purpose indicated in the title. Open day and night, also Sundays. Has ambulances for the removal of disabled animals and maintains free dispensaries and hospitals for animals, and shelters for dogs and cats. Supported by voluntary contribu- tions. Applications and complaints should be made at the above address.

Southern Cooperative League See p. 306.

World's Purity Federation

OFFICE : La Crosse, Wis.

OFFICERS: Pres., B. S. Steadwell; First Vice-Pres., Rev. T. Albert Moore; Second Vice-Pres,, Mrs. Kate Waller Bar- rett; Sec., L. E. Brownell, Winnipeg, Man., Can.; Treas., B. C. Howell.

PURPOSE: To eradicate white slave traffic and public vice, to secure a single standard of morals, and safe and sane instruction of the young in social hygiene.

PERIODICAL: The Light, La Crosse, Wis, Editor, B. S. Steadwell.

TEMPERANCE AND PROHIBITION

Allied Citizens of America

(Incorporated 1919)

906 Broadway, New York City.

Supplements, but does not supplant, the Anti-Saloon League. Pro- motes the enforcement of the 18th amendment to the Constitution and aids in the enactment and enforcement of State and Federal legislation furthering health, morality, and general welfare. Seeks to spread Americanism through encouraging, by written and spoken words, belief in and enthusiasm for the Constitution. Plans to organ- ize in each town, village or city, and in each county or State, without regard to party or creed, a body of citizens, both men and women, for effective cooperation for the accomplishment of these purposes, and for the supporting of public officials to make local government effective and responsive to public opinion. Non-partisan and non- sectarian. Membership open to all persons who are able to read, and who sign and agree to the covenant upholding the Constitution and American ideals. No dues, assessments or initiation feps. Supported by contributions

Directory of Service Organization 869

Anti-Saloon League o£ America

OFFICES: Westerville, 0., and Bliss Bldg., Washington,

D. C.

OFFICERS: Pres., Bishop Thomas Nicholson; Gen Supt., Rev. P. A. Baker; Asst. Gen. Supt. and Acting Financial Sec., Rev. E. J. Moore; Asso. Supt., Howard H. Russell; Sec. Board of Directors, S. E. Nicholson; Treas., Foster Copeland, Columbus, 0.; Gen. Mgr. Dept of Publication Interests, Ernest H. Cherrington; Sec. Lincoln-Lee Legion, Rev. Howard H. Russell ; National Attorney and Legislative Supt., Wayne B. Wheeler.

PURPOSE: To federate the temperance forces of the United States in an organized opposition to the beverage liquor traffic.

Association in Support of National Prohibition

OFFICE : 906-8 Munsey Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS: Nat 'I Dir., Edwin C. Dinwiddie, Washington, D. C. ; Treas., Ben D. Wright, Lockport, N. Y. ; Nat'l Advisory Com., Bishop William F. Anderson, Judge William S Bennett, Miss Laura R. Church, Judge Wm. A DeLacey, Col. Fred N. Dow, Mrs. Ella M. George, Eev. H. A. Hersey, Dr. Emory W. Hunt, Senator Wesley L. Jones, Hon. M Clyde Kelley, Rev. Rufus W. Miller, Father P. J. O'Callaghan, Hon. Charles H Randall, Mrs. Florence D. Richard, Miss Georgia Robertson, Dr. Charles Scanlon, Senator Morris Sheppard, Dr. Sam Small, Dr. Charles Stelzle, Rev. John Timothy Stone, Rev. V. G. A. Tress- ler, Dr. Clarence True Wilson, Dr. John A. Wilson, Mr. Alonzo

E. Wilson, Mr. Willard 0. Wylie and the officers. (Additional members to be added later.)

Committee on Promotion of Congressional Temperance Legis- lation

(Organized 1910)

OFFICE : 906-8 Munsey Bldg., Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS: CTiwm., Hon. William S. Bennet, 10 S. La Salic St., Chicago, 111. ; Vice-Chmn., Hon. George F. Gotterill, Seattle, Wash. ; Supt., Rev. Edwin C. Dinwiddie, Munsey Bldg., Wash ington, D. C.

PURPOSE: To promote the enactment and enforcement of legislation to prohibit alcoholic liquor traffic for beverage purposes.

Flying Squadron Foundation

OFFICE: 1200 Peoples Bank Bldg., 135 E. Market Si, Indian- apolis, Ind.

OFFICERS: Pres., Oliver W. Stewart; Vice-Pres., James A. Tate; Sec., Jeanette Zweierj Treas., Miss Hallie McNeill; Audi- tor, Charles H. Eandall.

370 Year Book of the Churches

PURPOSE: Prohibition of the alcoholic liquor traffic, law enforce- ment, civic righteousness, social and industrial justice.

Intercollegiate Prohibition Association

OFFICE: Suite 910, 14 W. Washington St., Chicago, 111.

OFFICERS: Pres., Dr. Ira Landrith, 14 West Washington St., Chicago, 111.; First Vice-Pres., Miss Anna A. Gordon; Second Vice-Pres., Dr. Howard HL Russell; Third Vice- Pres., Dr. Daniel A. Poling • Sec., Elon G. Borton; Gen. Sec., Harry S Warner ; Treas., Harry S. Warner, 14 W. Washington, St. Chicago, 111.

PURPOSE: We propose, through the sane, normal processes of edu- cation, to impress on the students of America the meaning and value of prohibition, and to deepen the spirit of respect for law. Through the influence of these educated men and women — America's future leaders— exercised later m their home communities, through news- papers and by public-spirited service, we propose to advance highest ideals of law enforcement at home and world banishment of alcohol abroad.

PUBLICATION: Intercollegiate Statesman (monthly).

International Order of Good Templars

OFFICES: Beverly, Mass, (supplies and general corre- spondence) ; Munsey Bldg., Washington, D. C. (legislative headquarters).

OFFICERS . Nat 'I Chief Templar and Nat'l Electoral Supt., Eev. E, C. Dinwiddie, Munsey Bldg., Washington, D. C. ; Natfl Coun- selor, H. E. Wellman, Kendall, N. T.; Nat'l Set., Willard 0. Wylie, Beverly, Mass.; Nat'l Supt. Temperance Education, Laura E Church, Washington, D. C.; Nat'l Supt. Juvenile Work, Mrs. E. J. Chandler, Manchester, N. H.

PURPOSE: To promote total abstinence for the individual and pro- hibition for the state, nation and the world.

PERIODICAL: N. Y. and Nat'l Templar, Beverly, Mass, Editor W. 0. Wylie.

National Temperance Bureau

(Established 1907)

OFFICE : 906-8 Munsey Bldg., Washington, D. C. OFFICERS: Supk, Eev. Edwin C. Dinwiddie; Treas, Eev.

Charles F. Steck; Auditor, Ben D. Wright; Office Sec., Ellen C.

Church.

PURPOSE: To serve as clearing house for legislative work of several national temperance organizations; I. 0. G. T., Committee on Pro- motion of Congressional Temperance Legislation, Association in Sup- port of National Prohibition, and others.

National Temperance Society and Commission on Temper- ance (Federal Council) See p. 265.

Directory of Service Organization 871

Prohibition National Committee

OFFICE: 6 South Fifth Ave., La Grange, 111.

OFFICERS: Chmn., Virgil G. Hinshaw; Vice-Chmn., Mrs. Ida B. W. Smith; Sec., Mrs. Frances Beauchamp; Treas., H. P. Faris.

PURPOSE: To secure enforcement of the 18th amendment by legis- lation and by the election of a political party pledged to its enforce- ment.

PERIODICAL: California Voice, Los Angeles, Calif., Editor, W. J. Phillips.

Scientific Temperance Federation

OFFICE : 73 Tremont St., Boston, Mass.

OFFICERS: Hon. Pres., Prof. Irving Fisher; Pres., Ernest H. Cherrington; Vice-Pres., A. J. Davis; Exec. Sec., Cora Frances Stoddard ; Treas., Ernest L. Miller.

PURPOSE: Popular education in the scientific and social facts of the alcohol question through lectures, books, pamphlets, posters and slides. A bureau of information on the alcohol question.

Sons of Temperance (National Division o£ North America)

OFFICERS: M. W. Patriarch, E. R. Niekerson, Shag Harbor, Nova Scotia; M. W. Associate, Mrs. Anna R. Baedor, 138 Oak- land Terrace, Hartford, Conn.; M. W. Patron, Mrs, Rae Good- win, 220 S. 3d St., Colwyn, Pa,; Scribe, T. N. Willmot, Orillia, Ontario ; M , W. Treas., Win. C. Acken, Metuchen, N. J.

PURPOSE: To teach and practice total abstinence.

Woman's Christian Temperance Union (National)

HEADQUARTERS: Evanston, 111.

OFFICERS: Pres., Miss Anna A. Gordon; Vice-Pres. -at- Large, Mrs. E. A. Boole; Cor. Sec., Mrs. Frances P. Parks;

Rec. Sec., Mrs. E. P. Anderson ; Asst. Rec. Sec., Mrs. Sara Hoge ; Treas., Mrs. Margaret C. Munns.

PURPOSE: Organized for the protection of the home, the abolition of the liquor traffic, and the triumph of Christ's Golden Rule in cusr torn and in law.

Young People's Branch. — A social organization of young men^and women for temperance and prohibition.

World Prohibition Federation

AMERICAN HEADQUARTERS: Columbia Bank Bldg., Pitts- burgh, Pa.

(In process of organization.)

OFFICERS OF AMERICAN BRANCH : Pres., Rev. Chas. Scan- Ion, Pittsburgh, Pa.; First Vice-Pres., Gov. Carl E. Milli- ken; Second Vice-Pres., Rev. Clarence True Wilson; Third Vice-Pres., Rev. Samuel Z, Batten ; See., Rev, Stanley A,

372 Year Book of the Churches

Hunter, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Treas., Hon. Charles H. Randall, Washington, D. C.

PURPOSE: To secure the abolition of intoxicants and habit-forming drugs throughout the world.

World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union

OFFICERS. Pres., Miss Anna A. Gordon; Vice-Pres., Miss Dag- mar Priot; Eon Sec., Miss Agnes E. Slack; Hon. Treas., Mrs. Ella A Boole.

PURPOSE: Composed of national units in over fifty countries. These organizations are neither partisan nor sectarian. Its motto, "For God and Home and Every Land," suggests the scope of its work and the breadth of its patriotism

WOMEN AND GIRLS Bethany Girls

OFFICE : 504 Masonic Temple, Chicago, 111.

OFFICERS: Pres., Wm. A. Peterson; Vice-Pres., Dr. H. H. Everett; Founder and Leader, Mrs. Carrie Stewart Bess- erer; Sec., Mrs. Wm. A. Peterson.

PURPOSE: To make every girl a spiritual center radiating the Mas- ter's purpose in her home, daily life and church. A two-acre summer camp is maintained at Winona Lake, Ind.

Big Sisters (Inc.)

(Organized 1908; Incorporated 1911)

OFFICE : 122 E 25th St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Hon. Chmn., Mrs. "William K. Vanderbilt; Pres., Mrs. Willard Parker? Jr ; Sec., Mrs. Edward Livingston Smith ; Treas , Mrs. "Willard Parker, Jr ; Exec. Sec., Miss Ida M. Merritt.

PURPOSE: To promote the welfare of children — white and colored. Girls under sixteen and boys under ten years who have been brought before the Children's Court, and others, who have suffered because of bad environment. Volunteers are enlisted who will take a friendly interest in such children and aid them to become better citizens.

The character of the work is protective, preventive and recon- structive. A Big Sister Home is maintained where the mildly delin- quent girls may go instead of being committed to an institution.

Bureau of Vocational Information See p. 302.

Camp Fire Girls

(Incorporated March, 1912)

OFFICE : 31 East 17th St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Hon. Pres., Hon. Warren G. Harding; Hon. Vice-Pres., Hon. William Howard Taft; Pres., Mrs. Oliver Harriman; Sec. and Nat'l Exec., Lester F. Scott; Treas., Dr. Myron T. Scudder.

Directory of Service Organization 373

PURPOSE: An organized effort to find romance, beauty and adven- ture in every-day life. It insists that every member consider her health as a sacred thing. It emphasizes each point of the Camp Fire Law — "See Beauty, Give Service, Pursue Knowledge, Be Trustworthy, Hold on to Health, Glorify Work, Be Happy" — through division of the lives of the girls into the following seven crafts: Home Craft, Health Craft, Camp Craft, Hand Craft, Nature Lore, Business, Patriotism.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION: Every girl's Magazine, 81 East 17th St., New York City; Editor, Miss Bowe Wright.

Council of Jewish Women (Inc.)

OFFICE: 305 West 98th St., New York City. OFFICERS: Pres., Rose Brenner; Treas., Mrs. Alvin L. Bauman ; Exec. Sec., Mrs. Harry Sternberger.

PURPOSE: Unites Jewish women to work along civic, philanthropic, educational and religious lines. Conducts many special activities.

Girl Scouts (Inc.)

NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS: 189 Lexington Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Hon. Pres., Mrs. Warren G. Harding; Pres., Mrs. Herbert Hoover; Founder, Mrs. Juliette Low; Second Vice-Pres., Mrs. Arthur 0. Choate; Chmn. Exec. Board, Mrs. V. Everit Macy; Treas., Mrs. Nicholas F. Brady; Di- rector, Mrs. Jane Deeter Rippin.

PURPOSE: To bring all girls the opportunity for group experience, outdoor life, and community service. Its activities center about the three main interests of Home-making, Health and Citizenship.

PUBLICATIONS: Official Handbook, Scouting for Girls; Camping Manual, Campward Ho; Organization and Rules, Blue Book of Rules for Girl Scout Captains; Magazine, The American Girl.

Girls' Friendly Society in America

(Established 1877; Incorporated 1895)

CENTRAL OFFICE : 15 East 40th St., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Miss F. W. Sibley, 1043 Parker Ave., Detroit, Mich.; Treas., Miss M. B. Anthony, 72 Manning St., Providence, E. I. ; Sec., Miss Mary M. McGuire, 15 East 40th St., New York City.

PURPOSE: The Girls' Friendly Society is an organization of the church which exists to unite women and girls in a fellowship of prayer and service for the upholding of the highest standards of Christian womanhood. It endeavors to reach every girl, at as early an age as possible, that she may be led to pledge herself to strive for the best things in life — spiritual, intellectual, physical and social, and to help her to attain them; it studies conditions in which girls live, work and play, and tries, as far as it is able, to improve them, and to safeguard the whole girl-life of the community.

374 Year Book of the Churches

King's Daughters and Sons (Internationa! Order)

General Convention, biennial; next meeting, May, 1922.

OFFICE: 280 Madison Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS : Pres., Mrs. Robert J. Eeed, Wheeling, W. Va. ; Gen. Sec., Mrs. Charles A. Menet, 208 Madison Ave., New York City ; Treas., Miss Jennie C. Benedict, Louisville, Ky.

PURPOSE- The development of spiritual life and the stimulation of Christian activities. Members cooperate in all lines of religious, educational, and philanthropic work.

PERIODICAL: The Silver Cross, Editor, Mrs. Elwin L. Page.

Young Women's Christian Associations o£ the United States of America

OFFICE: 600 Lexington Ave., New York City.

OFFICERS: Pres., Mrs. Robert E. Speer; Chmn. Exec. Com., Mrs. John French; First Vice-Pres., Clara S. Reed; Second Vice-Pres., Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Sec., Miss Katharine Lambert ; Treas., Mrs. Samuel J. Broadwell ; Gen. Sec., Miss Mabel Cratty.

The National Board of the Y. W. C. A. interests itself in the city, student, town and rural community. Associations throughout the United States and its territories. Through its Foreign Division, it works with the World's Committee of the Association in extending its work with girls and women throughout the world.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the local Association is to advance the physical, social, intellectual, moral, and spiritual interests of young women; to bring young women to a knowledge of Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord, to fullness of life and development of character.

SCHOOL: National Training School, New York City.

PERIODICAL: The Woman's Press, Editor, Miss Rhoda McCulloch.

For detailed report and statistics, see Sec. V, "Religious Statistics,"

See p. 427.

SECTION IV

DIRECTORY OF CHAPLAINS IN THE ARMY

AND NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES,

WITH SUMMARY OF RELIGIOUS

WORK IN BOTH BRANCHES

OF THE SERVICE

RELIGIOUS WORK IN THE ARMY AND NAVY GENERAL COMMITTEE ON ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS

OFFICE: 937 Woodward Building, Washington, D. C.

OFFICERS . Chmn , Bishop William F. McDowell ; Vice-Chmn , Rev Wallace Rad- cliffe ; Sec , Rev. E. O Watson.

Chaplain John T. Axton Rev. Peter Ainslie Rev. Wm. McF. Alexander Rev. Samuel Z. Batten Chap. G. Livingston Bayard Rev. C H Beck Bishop William M Bell Bishop Joseph F. Berry Rev. A C Biddle Rev. Andrew R Bird Dean G. C F Bratenahl Rt Rev. C H. Brent Rev Gilbert N Brink Rev. J. F. Burnett Bishop J. S. Caldwell Rev J Alvin Campbell Rev. Wm. I. Chamberlain Bishop G C. Clement Rev. W. Stuart Cramer Rev. Lyman E Davis Rev. John R. Edwards Bishop H. H. Fout Chaplain John B. Frazier Prof. John W. Gilbert Rev. B. D. Gray Rev. W. C Hallwachs Prof. John R. Hawkins Rt Rev Alfred Harding* Pres W A Harper

Committee

Rev. Charles M. Jacobs

Rev. W, H. Jernagrm

Rev F. Paul Langnorne

F. A McCarl

Bishop W F McMurry

Rev George A. Miller

Rev Walter A. Morgan

John R Mott

Rev R Niebuhr

Rev S T. Nicholas

Rev. Thomas C. Pollock

Rev. Forest J. Prettyman

Rev. H H. Ranck

Rev R L Russell

Rev. Chas. E Sehaeffer

Rev. H Franklin Schlegel

Chaplain Evan W Scott

F. A. Seagrle

Rev. Walter F. Smith

Rev. J. G Stewart

Rev. O S. Thomas

J. S. Tichenor

Rev. James I. Vance

R Van Noord

Rev J F. Wenchel

Rev. Gaylord S White

Rev. C E. Wilbur

Bishop Luther B Wilson

Rev Charles Wood

Executive Committee

Bishop William F. McDoweU Rev Wallace Radcliffe Rev E. O Watson Rev. F. Paul Langhorne Rt Rev Alfied Harding* Rev. Walter A. Morgan

Committee on Legislation

Bishop Wm. F McDowell Rt Rev. C H. Brent Rev Wallace Radcliffe Rev. Walter A Morgan Rev E 0 Watson

Bishop William F McDowell Rt Rev. Alfred Harding*

Committee on Chaplains for Hospitals (U. S, Veterans' Bureau)

Rev. E O. Watson

Committee on Circulating Library

Rt Rev Alfred Harding* Rev. H. H Ranck

Rev John R Edwards Chaplain John T. Axton Chaplain Evan W. Scott

National Memorial Committee

Bishop Wm F McDowell Chaplain John T. Axton Rev. Samuel Z. Batten Rev W. Stuart Cramer Dean G. C F. Bratenahl

Rev B D. Gray Rev Wallace Radcliffe Chaplain Evan W. Scott Rev. E 0, Watson

*Deceased.

378 Year Book of the Churches

The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains was formed March, 1917, for the purpose of assisting the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy in matters relating to religious work in the Army and Navy. Its membership is composed of representatives of the constituent bodies of the Federal Council and other bodies affiliated or consultative with the Federal Council and bodies which do not directly affiliate with the Federal Council as a whole, but co- operate with the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains.

The Committee seeks to promote the spiritual welfare of the men in the Army and Navy through the development of interest on the part of the churches in the work of chaplains. It aids in the selection of chaplains, making recommendation as to their qualifications from the standpoint of the churches, is in constant cooueration with the office of the Chief Chaplain and seeks in every way possible to pro- mote religious work in both branches of the service.

Its responsibilities and services rendered are not only for regular Army chaplains but also for the Reserve Corps

ARMY CHAPLAINS

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF CHAPLAIN: State, War and Navy Building, Washington, D. C.

PERSONNEL- CoL John T. Axton, Lt. Col. Julian E. Yates, Capt. John J. Campbell.

The office of the Chief of Chaplains, established under act of Congress approved June 4, 1920, is administered by the Chief of Chaplains, Chaplain John T. Axton; a chaplain as Executive Officer, Chaplain Julian E. Yates, who devotes himself largely to the prog-ram of instruction; and one chaplain as Personnel Officer, Chaplain John J. Campbell, who supervises the selection and distribution of chaplains.

The specific function of the office of the Chief of Chaplains, under the supervision of the Chief of Staff, is to select, instruct, distribute and supervise the chaplain personnel of the Army of the United States. It is the duty of the Chief of Chaplains to prepare and submit for approval the necessary regulations governing the exami- nation of candidates for appointment as chaplains and to investigate the qualifications of all applicants for such appointment; to make recommendations for the assignment of chaplains to organizations and stations; to make recommendations concerning the equipment and supplies for the work of chaplains; to exercise direct supervision and control of the special service school for chaplains; to submit plans looking to a properly trained chaplain personnel by means of the Chaplains' Service School, by conferences of chaplains, and by the circulation of pamphlets of instruction; and to keep in personal touch with the chaplains by correspondence and personal contact. All of this serves to promote the moral and spiritual welfare and con- tentment of the Army.

THE LAW AS TO CHAPLAINS

Section 15 of the Act of Congress approved June 4, 1920, provides : "There shall be one chaplain for every twelve hundred officers and enlisted men of the Regular Army, exclusive of the Philippine Scouts and the unassigned recruits, authorized from time to time in accord- ance with law and within the peace strength permitted by this Act. Chaplains shall hereafter have rank, pay, and allowances according to length of active commissioned service in the Army, or, since April 6, 1917, in the National Guard while in active service under a call by the President, as follows: Less than five years, first lieutenant; five to fourteen years, captain; fourteen to twenty years, major; over twenty years, lieutenant colonel. One chaplain, of rank not below

Directory of Chaplains 379

that of major, may be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to be chief of chaplains. He shall serve as such for four years, and shall have the rank, pay and allow- ances of colonel while so serving. His duties shall include investiga- tion into the qualifications of candidates for appointment as chaplain, and general coordination and supervision of the work of chaplains. Of the vacancies existing on July 1, 1920, such number as the Presi- dent may direct shall be filled by appointment on that date of persons under the age of fifty-eight years, other than chaplains of the Eegu- lar Army, who served as chaplains in the Army at some time between April 6, 1917, and the date of the passage of this Act. Such ap- pointments may be made in grades above the lowest under the same restrictions as to age and rank as are hereinafter prescribed for original appointments in other branches of the service, and in accord- ance with the recommendation of the board of officers provided for in section 24. For purpose of future promotion, persons so appointed shall be considered as having had, on the date of appointment, suffi- cient prior service to bring them to their respective grades under the rules of promotion established in this section."

"Sec. 24. Filling of vacancies : Not less than one-half of the total number of vacancies caused by this act, exclusive of those in the Medical Department and among chaplains, shall be filled by appoint- ment, to date from July 1, 1920, and subject to such examination as the President may prescribe, of persons other than officers of the Kegular Army who served as officers of the United States Army at any time between April 6, 1917, and the date of the passage of this act. A suitable number of such officers shall be appointed in each of the grades below that of brigadier general, according to their qualifications for such grade as may be determined by the board of general officers provided for in the section. No such person above the age of 50 years shall be appointed in a combatant branch, or above the age of 58 in a noncombatant branch. No such person below the age of 48 years shall be appointed in the grade of colonel, or below the age of 45 years in the grade of lieutenant colonel, or below the age of 36 years in the grade of major.

"Sec. 24e, Appointment of officers: Appointments as chaplains shall be made from among persons duly accredited by some religious denomination or organization, and of good standing therein, between the ages of 23 and 45 years. Former officers of the Regular Army and retired officers may be reappointed to the active list if found competent for active duty."

A recent Act of Congress has fixed the strength of the Army at 125,000 enlisted men and 12,000 officers, and provides for 125 chaplains. The present plan of the War Department, unless Congress intervenes, is to gradually absorb the excess of forty-three chaplains by retire- ments,, resignations and other casualties. It will be seen from this that several years may ela,pse before there will be vacancies for the appointment of chaplains in the Regular Army.

APPORTIONMENT TO THE CHURCHES

The basis for apportionment of chaplains among the various de- nominations was fixed by the Secretary of War to allow seventy per cent to the Protestant Churches, twenty-five per cent to the Eoman Catholic Church, with five per cent for adjustments. When appoint- ments of chaplains were being made in accordance with the Act of June 4, 1920, there were a sufficient number of qualified candidates from some denominations to completely fill their respective quotas according to the approved plan of distribution. Those denominations that presented less than their allotment of applicants, notably the Roman Catholic and Lutheran Churches, expected later to fill vacan-

380 Year Book of the Churches

cies that had been reserved for them. The recent reduction in the strength of the Army necessitated the discharge of fifty chaplains. The disproportionate number of chaplains of certain faiths, which resulted, may be adjusted gradually as vacancies occur through re- tirements, resignations, or other caoualties.

CHAPLAINS IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY

There are in service at present one hundred and seventy-eight chaplains, distributed over the various grades as follows:

Colonel 1

Lt. Colonel 5

Major 4

Captain 62

First Lieutenant 53

List of Regular Army Chaplains, Their Stations, Rank and Denominations

William A. Aiken, Fort Porter, N Y , Cap* (Cong )

William. R Arnold, Fort Hancock, N J , Capt (R. C )

John T Axton, Chief of Chaplains, Washington, D, C , Col (Cong )

John T Axton, Jr , U S D B, Foit Leavenworth, Kans , Capt (Cong)

Julius J Babst, Foit Leavenworth, Kans , Capt (R C )

Harlan J Ballentine, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Ind ; Lt. (Bapt N.)

Milton 0 Beebe, Fort Ruger, H. T , Capt (M E )

Ivan L. Bennett, Tanks, Camp Meade, Md , Lt (Bapt. S )

James L. Blakeney, Fort Douglas, Utah, Capt (Bapt S )

Henry N. Blanchard, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga ; Capt (Bapt N )

John K. Bodel, Schofield Barracks, H. T , Lt. (Epis )

Frank B Bonner, Fort Bragg, N. C. , Lt (Presby N )

R. Earl Boyd, Langley Field, Va , Lt. (M E )

William R Bradley, Fort Thomas, Ky , Lt (Presby. N )

Edward L Brabham, Fort Crook, Nebr ; Capt (D. of C )

Alva J Brasted, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, Capt (Bapt. N )

Berton F. Bronson, Vancouver Barracks, Wash , Lt (Bapt. N )

Edwin Burling, Fort Lawson, Wash , Lt (M E )

John J. Campbell, Office Chief of Chaplafns Washington, D C., Capt (R. C)

Louis A Carter, 25th Infantry, Nogales, Ariz , Capt, (Bapt Col.)

Monroe S Caver, 10th Cavalry, Fort Huachuca, Ariz , Lt (Bapt Col )

John F Chenoweth, Fort Bliss, Texas, Major (M E)

Orville I Clampitt, Schofield Barracks, H T , Capt (Bapt S.)

William D. Cleary, Fort Eustis, Va ; Lt (R C )

Ora J. Cohee, The Chaplains' School, Fort Wayne, Mich ; Capt (D. of C ^

Philip F Coholan, Fort Sam Houston, Texas , Lt (R C )

Samuel E Crosbv, Fort Sam Houston, Texas , Capt (Presby S )

John T. DeBardeleben, Schofield Barracks, H. T , Capt. (M E S )

Ralph C Deibert, Fort Davis, C Z , Lt (Evang )

Francis F. Donnelly, Fort D A Russell, Wyo , Capt. (R C )

Walter J. Donoghue, Fort McKmley, Maine , Lt. (R. C )

Edmund P. Easterbrook, Fort Moultne, S C , Lt. Col (M E )

Albert L Evans, Camp Lewis, Wash ; Lt (Presby. N.)

Horace R Fell, Jefferson Barracks, Mo ; Capt (Epis )

Orville E. Fisher, 15th Infantry. Tientsin, China; Capt. (R C U S )

William L. Fisher, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, Capt (D of C )

Harry C Fraser, Fort Warren, Mass ; Capt (M. E.)

Clifford P. Futcher, Chanute Field, HI , Capt. (M E )

Joseph G. Garrison, Fort Sheridan, 111 , Lt (Unit )

Charles F Graeser, Letterman General Hospital, San Francisco, Calif , Capt (M E )

Edmond J. Griffin, U S. D B . Alcatraz, Calif , Capt (R C.)

John Hall, Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D C ; Capt (Luth )

Claude S Harkey, Coroz.il, C Z.; Lt (M E. S )

Thomas A. Harkins, 1st Cavalry, Marfa, Texas; Lt. (M. E. S)

Frank H. Hayes, Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Capt. (Bapt N)

Hal C. Head, Fort Ethan Allen, Vt ; Lt (Bapt. N.)

Charles W. B Hill, Edgewood Arsenal, Md ; Capt (Epis )

Jacob D Hockman, Fort Ontario N. Y ; Capt (M E )

Willis T. Howard, Mitchell Field. L I , N Y , Lt. (M. E S.)

Joseph L Hunter, The Chaplains' School, Fort Wayne, Mich.; Lt Col. (Presby. N)

Earner A Huset, Fort Shafter, H T ; Lt (Luth )

Nathaniel A Jones, Hawaii (Honolulu) ; Capt. (D. of C )

Thomas L Kelley, Fort Wmfield Scott, Calif., Capt (Unit.)

John T. Kendall, Schofield Barracks, H T. ; Capt (M. E )

Peter J. Kilkenny, Schofield Barracks, H T , Capt (R C )

Samuel B. Knowles, Fort Schuyler, N. Y,; Lt. (M. E. S.)

Directory of Chaplains 381

Edward E Lane, Fort George Wright, Wash., Lt (D of C )

Thomas J. Lennan, Fort Benning, Ga , Lt (R C )

Pierre H l^vesque, Fort Hoyle, Md., Capt (R C)

John 0 Lmdquist, Presidio of San Francisco, Calif , Capt. (Luth )

Walter K Lloyd, Carlisle Barracks, Pa ; Major (Epis )

George R Longbrake, Fort Worden, Wash , Capt (Universalist)

Frank P MacKenzie, Scott Field, 111 , Lt (Presby. N )

John MacWilliams, Panama; Lt (Presby. S )

James L McBnde, Fort Riley, Kans , Lt (Presby N )

Thomas L McKenna, Walter Reed Hospital, Takoma Park, D C., Lt (R C)

George J McMurry, Fort Bliss, Tex , Lt (Bapt S )

Edward T McNally, Fort Screven, Ga ; Capt (R C )

Cornelius A Maher, Fort Kamehameha, H T , Lt. (R. C )

Ivan G Martin, Fort Howard, Md. , Lt (Presby. N )

Albert K. Mathews, Fort MacArthur, Calif , Capt (D of C )

Mylon D Merchant, Fort Adams, R I ; Lt (Cong )

Charles C Merrill, Fort Missoula, Mont., Capt (M E.)

Frank L Miller, Fort Sherman, C Z , Lt. (Presby )

Clifford L Miller, Fort Des Momes, Iowa, Capt (Umversahst)

Luther D. Millei, Foit McPherson, Ga ; Lt. (Luth.)

Samuel J Mller, Panama, Capt (M E )

John F. Monahan, Chilkook Barracks, Alaska, Lt (R C )

Faye A Moon, Fort Mills, P I , Lt (M E )

John M Moose, Piesiclio of Monterey, Calif , Lt Col. (M. E. S)

Alfred C Oliver, Fort Snellmg, Minn , Capt. (M E )

Roy H Parkei, Manila, P I , Lt (Ba-+ N)

Charles 0 Purdy, Self ridge Field, Mich , Capt (D. of C.)

Stanley C Ramsden, Fort Hamilton, N Y ; Major (Bapt N )

Maurice W. Reynolds, Fort Sill, Okla , Lt (Cong )

Oscar W Reynolds, Fort Crockett, Texas, Lt (ME)

Frank C Rideout, Fort Leavenworth, Kans , Capt (Bapt. N )

Herbert A Rmard, Fort Niagara, N Y ; Lt (Luth )

George F Rixev, Fort Washington, Md., Capt (M E S)

Ralph W Rogers, Fort Rm^old, Texas, Lt (M. E)

Paul B. Rupp, Fort Amador, C Z., Lt (R C. U. S )

William J Ryan, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colo , Capt (R C )

William R. Scott, Fort Myer, Va ; Capt (Epis.)

Aristeo V Simoni, Camp Gaillard, C Z , Capt. (R C )

Edmund C Slmey, Manila, P L , Lt (R C )

Samuel J. Smith, Fort Monroe, Va ; Lt. Col (M E )

Harry D Southard, Foit DuPont, Del , Lt (ME)

Jodie G Stewart, Fitzsimons General Hospital Denver, Colo ; Lt (Cum Presby

Gynther Storaasli, Fort Leaven woith, Kans ; Lt. (Luth.)

Alexander D. Sutherland, Fort Hayes Ohio; Capt (Presby. N.)

Thomas E Swan, Fort Totten, N Y ; Capt. (Epis )

Emerson E. Swanson, Fort William McKmley, P I , Capt (M. E. S.)

Benjamin J Tarskey, Fort William McKmley, P. I ; Lt. (R C.)

Alexander W. Thomas, 24th Infantry, Fort Bennmg, Ga. , Capt. (Meth Col )

Frank M. Thompson, Camp Holabird. Md ; Capt. (M. E )

Edgar N Thorn, Camp Lewis, Wash.; Lt (Bapt. N.)

Dudley R. Tierney, The Chaplains' School, Fort Wayne, Mich.; Capt (R C.)

Edward L. Trett, Honolulu, H. T.; Capt. (Presby N)

Mariano Vassallo, 65th Infantry, San Juan, Porto Rico; Lt (R. C )

Albert F Vaughan, Fort Sam Houston, Tex?s, Lt. (M. E S )

C. Robert Watkins, Fort Eustis, Va.; Lt. (Consr.)

Wallace H. Watts, Madison Barracks, N Y.; Capt (Epis.)

James M Webb, Fort McDowell, Calif., Capt. (Presby. N.)

Emil W. Webei, The Chaplains' School, Fort Wayne, Mich ; Capt (Luth)

J. Burt Webster, Plattsburg Barracks, N. Y.; Capt. (Bapt S.)

Earl H. Weed, Governois Island, N Y.; Capt (Cong.)

Henry R Wescott, Jr., Kelly Field, Texas; Lt. (Bapt N.)

Perry 0 Wilcox, Fort Humphreys, Va.; Lt. (M. E,)

Haywood L. Winter, Camp Vail, N. J.; Capt (Epis.)

Ernest W. Wood, Fort Logan, Colo. ; Capt. (Epis )

Stephen R. Wood, Fort Bennmg, Ga.; Major (Cong)

John R. Wright, Presidio of San Francisco, Calif.; Capt. (Meth. Prot )

Samuel 0 Wright, Fort Mclntosh, Texas; Lt. (M. E S.)

Julian E. Yates, Office Chief of Chaplains, Washington, D. C. ; Lt. Col. (Bapt. N )

Walter B. Zimmerman, Fort Bliss, Texas ; Capt. (D. of C )

CHAPLAINS IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY DURING

THE WAR

During the period of the war, April 6, 1917, to November 11, 1918, there were two thousand three hundred and sixty-four chaplains serving under commissions in the Army. Following is the list show- ing total for each denomination and whether commissioned in the Eegular Army, National Army or National Guard:

382

Year Book of the Churches

NUMBER OF ARMY CHAPLAINS, BY DENOMINATIONS, WHO SERVED DURING THE WORLD WAR

	Regular	National	National	Total
	Army	Army	Guard
Baptist, Colored ....	1	13	0	14
Baptist, Imanuel	0	1	0	1
Baptist, North , Baptist, South	10 8	166 149	10 11	186 168
Baptist, United	0	1	0	1
Baptist, Regular . .	0	1	0	1
Christian	1	15	6	22
Christian Science.	0	9	0	9
Church of the Brethren	0	1	0	1
Congregational ...	4	73	10	87
Congregational, Colored. .	0	4	0	4
Disciples	6	8S	9	101
Evangelical .	0	3	0	3
Evangelical, "United . ...	0	6	1	7
Jewish	0	22	0	22
Latter Day Saints	0	2	1	3
Lutheran Bodies	11	62	6	79
Methodist Episcopal, African Methodist Episcopal, North Methodist Episcopal, South .	3 16 10	31 253 107	0 17 10	34 286 127
Methodist Protestant	0	10	0	10
Moravian	0	1	0	1
New Jerusalem	0	1	1	2
Presbyterian, Colored	0	2	1	3
Presbyterian, Cumberland	0	4	0	4
Presbyterian, North	8	138	20	166
Presbyterian, South	0	33	9	42
Presbyterian, United..	0	14	0	14
Protestant Episcopal	15	128	49	192
Protestant Episcopal, Colored. Protestant Episcopal, Reformed	0 0	2 0	0 1	2 1
Reformed, American	0	1	0	1
Reformed, Christian	0	1	1	2
Reformed, Dutch. . .	2	9	0	11
Reformed, U. S . .	0	12	1	13
Roman Catholic . . .	52	571	86	709
Salvation Army .	0	4	1	5
Seventh Day Adventist . . .	1	0	0	1
Unitarian . .	3	10	0	13
United Brethren	1	3	1	5
Universalist	1	9	1	11
Total	153	1958	253	2364

THE HONOR ROLL

Fatalities

The Honor Roll of Chaplains is one which awakens solemn pride in the heart of everyone. Five chaplains were killed in action. Six died of wounds received on the field of honor. Eleven died from disease and accident. At least twenty-seven chaplains were wounded. Five chaplains were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal and twenty-three received the Distinguished Service Cross. Fifty-seven were decorated by foreign nations. The chaplains who were killed in action or died of wounds number eleven, as. follows:

Name	Denomination	Date	Rank	Organization
Bulla, Thomas M	Presbyterian	10-17-18	1st Lt	116th Infantry
Danker, Walton L Davitt, William F	Episcopalian Roman Catholic	6-18-18 11-11-18	Captain IstLt	104th Infantry 125th Infantry
Deaver, John A	Cum Pres'tenan	10-13-18	IstLt	61st Infantry
Deiman, Harry Keith, Michael W	Congregationalist Presbyterian	9-29-18 9- 8-18	IstLt 1st Lt.	354th Infantry lllth Infantry
Marsh, Arthur H .	Episcopalian	10- 7-18	IstLt	18th Infantry
0 'Flaherty, Colman E	Roman Catholic	10- 1-18	1st Lt.	28th Infantry
Priest, Charles D	Disciple	10-29-18	IstLt	358th Infantry
Sewell, Wilbur S	Methodist	7-15-18	IstLt	30th Infantry
Smart, Daniel	Presbyterian	10-15-18	IstLt	328th Infantry

Directory of Chaplains

383

Those who died of other causes number 11, as follows:

Name	Denomination	Date	Rank	Organization
Bell, Albert D	Lutheran	10-13-18	1st Lt.	307th Infantry
Boone, John G	Disciple	10-18-18	1st Lt.	124th Infantry
Breden, John G	United Brethren	1-19-18	1st Lt.	Coast Art'y Corps
Choumard, Horace A	Episcopalian	9- 2-18	1st Lt	Corps of Engrs
Cornish, William B	Methodist	9-20-18	1st Lt.	151st Depot Brig
Doyle, Herbert P	Roman Catholic	10- 5-18	1st Lt.	Hqrs 90th Division
Howard, Aurenus T	Baptist	11- 5-18	1st Lt	148th Infantry
Kerr, John C	Methodist	10-27-18	1st Lt	Unassigned
McCarthy, John F	Roman Catholic	10- 5-18	1st Lt	71st Infantry
Murphy, Timothy A	Roman Catholic	2-23-18	1st Lt.	128th M -G B'n
Willby, William H J	Congregationahst	10- 4-18	1st Lt.	544th Engineers

OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS

Chaplains are commissioned in the Officers' Reserve Corps subject to the rules and regulations providing for the establishment of such corps. Clergymen between the ages of twenty-one and sixty years are eligible for appointment. Commissions are issued for a period of five years. Reserve Corps chaplains may be called upon for ser- vice for not more than fifteen days in any one year during peace time. Additional voluntary service may be rendered. It is hoped that Reserve Corps chaplains will serve as a connecting link between the churches and the Army in peace time and especially that they may render service in connection with Citizens' Military Training Camps.

Two types of men are desired, namely, those who are outstanding leaders of their denomination, and young men eminently qualified for active field service in time of emergency.

There are 752 chaplains now commissioned in the Officers' Reserve Corps. Among them are bishops, college presidents, priests, rabbis and clergymen of outstanding reputation. Most of these chaplains rendered service during the World War.

For purposes of assignment, Reserve Corps chaplains may be di- vided into three groups :

(a) General Assignment Group: The officers in this group are se- lected by the War Department and are for assignment to special duties and activities which, in time of peace or war, are not included in the jurisdiction of chiefs of branches or of territorial commanders who function in time of peace. (6) Branch Assignment Group: The officers of this group are selected by the Chief of Chaplains and are for assignment by the Chief of the corps to special duties and activities per- taining to the branch.

(c) Territorial Assignment Group: This group includes all chap- lains not included in the General Assignment or Branch As- signment Groups. Such chaplains are available for assignment by department or corps area commanders to any organizations or activities within their territory, not exempted from their control by specific orders of the War Department,

The Rieserve Corps Chaplains serving in the Branch Assignment Group are:

Major John J. Allen, (Maj.) Salvation Army, New York City. Rt. Rev. Charles H. Brent, (Lt. Col.) 237 North Street, Buffalo,,

Rev. Leonard L. Burkhalter, (1st Lt.) Waco, Texas. Rev. John F. Conoley, (Maj.) Gainesville, Fla. Rev. Hugh A. Dalton, (Capt.) Leonardtown, Md. Rev. James E. Freeman, (Maj.) Washington, D. C.

384 Year Book of the Churches

Eabbi Morris S. Lazaron, (1st Lt.) Baltimore, Md.

Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, (Maj.) 105 East 22d Street, New York City.

Pres. Paul D. Moody, (Maj ) Middlebury College, Vt.

Pres. Remsen B Ogilby, (Capt.) Trinity College, Conn.

Rev. Jason Noble Pierce, (Maj ) Washington, D. C

Pres. John M. Thomas, (Capt.) Pennsylvania State College, Pa.

Rev. Stephen F. Barron, (Capt.) 1025 Potomac Ave, San Francisco, Calif.

CHAPLAIN NOW COMMISSIONED IN THE OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS

Lieut Colonels 2

Majors 23

Captains 179

First Lieutenants 548

752 NATIONAL GUARD CHAPLAINS

There are one hundred and six chaplains commissioned in the Na- tional Guard of the United States. Of thes<e thirty-eight also hold commissions in the Officers' Reserve Corps.

NAVY CHAPLAINS

OFFICE OF THE HEAD OF THE CHAPLAINS' DIVISION: Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department, Washington, D. C.

HEAD OF THE DIVISION: Capt. Evan W. Scott.

There is no definite provision of law for a Chief of the Chaplains' Corps of the Navy. For the past five years one of the senior chap- lains has been detailed to duty in the Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department, to supervise the work of the Corps. As such, he is the Head of the Chaplains' Division, Bureau of Navigation, but without any specific title as obtains with the other corps.

CHAPLAINS IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY, MARCH 22, 1923

There are now 85 chaplains in the Navy in active service. Within the year there have been two resignations, one retirement for physical disability and one death, that of Captain D. H. Tribou (Ch. C.) retired, but on active duty.

Based on the authorized strength of the Navy and Marine Corps, the number of chaplains allowed by law is 151. That number, how- ever, is not required by the present enlisted personnel and it is not anticipated that either the Navy or Marine Corps will be greatly enlarged except in the event of a national emergency now unforeseen. For that reason it is not desired that the Corps be recruited to its full authorized strength.

There are, however, at least 25 billets or stations where chaplains are actually needed besides a need for additional chaplains on account of leave, sick leave, travel by transport, etc., so that there should be an increase in the number of not less than 30, making a total of 115,

No new law is required for the appointment of these greatly needed chaplains, but appropriations at present will rot support more than 85, and there is no prospect of increased appropriation for the fiscal year 1923-24, but effort is being made to provide for an increased ap- propriation for 1924-25 so that the serious need for 30 additional chaplains in the Navy may be met and appointments resumed by that time.

Fallowing is a table showing the disadvantage at which the Chap- lains Corps is placed in relation to other Corps of the Navy:

Directory of Chaplains

385

AUTHORIZED AND PRESENT STRENGTH OF THE COMMIS- SIONED PERSONNEL OF THE VARIOUS CORPS,

SEPTEMBER 30, 1922 (Tliis situation has changed but little since that time.)

Line

Medical

Dental

Supply

Chaplains

Constructors

Civil Eng.

Authorized Strength 5,499 1,225 189 660 151 275 110

Actual Strength 4,354 783 155 602 86 231 106

* Percentage of

Shortage allowance

1,145 79.2

442 63.9

34 58 65 44 4

82.

92.7

56.9

84.

96.3

THE NAVAL RESERVE FORCE

The Naval Reserve Force is m process of reorganization and it is believed that there may be a possibility of renewing appointment of Reserve Chaplains in the near future. During the year the situation has been unchanged.

POST GRADUATE STUDY

Owing to his isolation and the many details of welfare and recreational activities the Navy Chaplain finds that one of his most difficult tasks is that of reserving time for, and pursuing such a definite course of study as would be expected of the average minister. With the return to peace conditions several Chaplains have attempted to keep up with their studies through correspondence courses and others more fortunately situated have done part time work in Univer- sity or Theological School. The Navy Department recognizes the need for this work and desires to encourage such efforts. Some attention is given to this need in the matter of assignment to duty.

The Secretary of the Navy has also endorsed for the time being the assignment of Chaplains to Universities for brief post-graduate courses. In pursuance of this policy, Lieutenant M. M. Witherspoon, (Ch. C.), U. S. N., has teen assigned for a six months' course at the University of Chicago, and Lieutenant E. L. Ackiss, (Ch. C.), U. S. N., to Columbia University and Union Theological Seminary for the second semester.

PRESENT APPORTIONMENT TO THE CHURCHES

March 19, 1923

	Regular	Reserve
Northern Baptist Convention	7	2
Southern Baptist Convention Catholic ... ... . . Methodist Episcopal .... Methodist Episcopal Church, South	4 18 9 9	"• j * • 3
Presbyterian, U. S. A . . . Presbyterian, U. S Presbyterian, United Presbyterian, Cumberland... Protestant Episcopal Disciple Christian.	11 1* 1 12 4 2	3 ' 3 1
Lutheran.. ... ... Congregational... . . . . . Reformed ...... . .	2 2 1	2 1
United Brethren .... . Christian Science	1 1	1
Jewish .... Universalist . ....		1
Total	85	24

386 Year Book of the Churches

CHAPLAINS IN UNITED STATES NAVY

Name	Denomination	Station or Ship
CAPTAINS	«
W. G. Isaacs ... .	Methodist South	Receiving Ship, New York
J. B. Frazier .	Methodist South	Naval Training Station, Naval Operating
		Base, Hampton Roads, Va.
C. H Dickins	Episcopal	Fleet Chaplain, Pacific Fleet, U. S. S. California
B. R. Patrick.	Baptist North	Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va
E. E. McDonald .	Catholic	Navy Yard, Boston, Mass.
A. W. Stone M. C Gleason.	Episcopal Catholic	Navy Yard, Mare Island, Calif. Naval Hospital and Yard, New York
E. W. Scott	Congregational	Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department,
		Washington, D. C.
S K. Evans . . . G E. T. Stevenson	Episcopal Baptist North	Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. Navy Yard, Portsmouth, N. H.
11 H M T Pearce	Episcopal	Naval Station, Guantarno, Cuba
12 J D MacNair	Methodist North	Navy Yard, Philadelphia, Pa
COMMANDERS
13 E A Brodmann	Catholic	Navy Yard, Mare Island, Calif
14 L N Taylor	Methodist North	llth Naval District and Air Station, San
		Diego, Calif
15 E B Niver	Episcopal	Marine Barracks, Quantico, Va
16 J J Brokenshire	Congregational	U S S Mercy
LIEUT -COMMANDERS
17 T B Thompson	Presbyterian North	Naval Station, Great Lakes, 111
18 J J Brady	Catholic	U S S Wyoming
LIEUTENANTS
19 R D Workman	Presbyterian North	U S S North Dakota
20 H Dumstrey	Reformed	U S S Maryland
21 E A Duff	Catholic	Navy Yard, Philadelphia, Pa
22 R L Lewis	Methodist North	Navy Yard, Bremerton, Wash
23 W W Elder	Christian	Naval Proving Ground, Indian Head, Md
24 C H Hastings	Methodist North	U S S Delaware
25 T F Regan	Catholic	U S S New York
26 G B Kranz	Catholic	U S S New Mexico
27 T P Riddle	Episcopal	Asiatic Station, care of Commandant, 16th
		Naval Dist , Cavite, P I
28 F H Lash	Disciple *	U S S Tennessee
29 M H Petzold	Methodist North	1st Provisional Brigade, U S M C , Port
		au Prince, Haiti
30 E H Groth	Lutheran	Naval Training Station, Newport, R I
31 J T Casey	Catholic	Naval Training Station, Naval Base,
		Hampton Roads, Va
32 W W Edel	Methodist North	Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Fla
33 C V Elhs 34 A J Hayes	Baptist North Methodist North	4th Regiment Marines, Santiago, D R U S S Huron
35 A N Park	Presbyterian North	U S S Oklahoma
36 W A Maguire	Catholic	Naval Training Station, Newport, R I
37 G S Rentz	Presbyterian North	Submarine Base, Coco Solo, C Z
38 R E Miller	Methodist North	Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md
39 G F Murphy	Catholic	Naval Hospital, Mare Island, Calif
		(Treatment)
40 F L McFadden	Catholic	U S S Nevada
41 H H Lippmcott	Methodist North	Naval Training Station, Naval Base,
		Hampton Roads, Va
42 J W Moore	Presbyterian North	U S S Mississippi
43 W. R Hall	Baptist North	Naval Training Station, San Francisco,
		Calif
44 B D Stephens	Methodist South	Naval Hospital, Norfolk, Va
45 H S Dyer	Methodist South	5th Brigade, U S M C , San Diego, Calif
46 J F Underwood	Catholic	Marine Barracks, Quantico, Va
47. M M. Leonard 48 W. N Thomas	Baptist North Methodist South	Navy Yard, Boston, Mass U S S Pennsylvania
49 J H Finn	Catholic	Navy Yard, Portsmouth, N H
50 E L Ackiss	Baptist	Union Seminary, New York, N Y
51 M. M Witherspoon	Presbyterian North	Divinity School, University of Chicago,
		Chicago, 111
52 T L Kirkpatnck	Presbyterian North	Educational Division, Bureau of Naviga-
		tion, Washington, D C
53 H M Peterson	Presbyterian North	U S S Melville
54 R W Shrum 55 C A Neyman	United Presbyterian Baptist North	U S S Pittsburg Naval Training Station, San Francisco,
		Calif
56 W P Wuhams 57. B F Huske .	Episcopal Episcopal	Naval Station, Pearl Harbor, T H, U S S Arizona
58 J S Day	Baptist South	Naval Hospital, Washington, D C.
		(Treatment)
59 F E Moyer 60 H E Rountree	Lutheran Christian	Naval Hospital, San Diego, Calif. Ordered Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va

Directory of Chaplains

CHAPLAINS— Cont'd

387

Name	Denomination	Station or Ship
61 A R Parker	Episcopal	U S S Texas
62 P J Hammersley	Catholic	U S S Florida
63 W L Sterner	Presbyterian North	Naval Station, St Thomas, V I.
64 H G Gatlm	Methodist South	U S S Rigel
65 E W Davis	Methodist South	Navy Yard, Charleston, S C
66 T J Burke	Catholic	U S S Idaho
67 J B Earnest, Jr	Disciple	U S S Relief
LlEUTENENTS
(JUNIOR GRADE)
68 R W Truitt	Methodist South	Marine Barracks, Parns Island, S C
69 J A McCarthy	Catholic	Marine Barracks, Parris Island, S C
70 F L Albert	Baptist South	Naval Station, Tutuila, Samoa
LIEUTENANTS
(JUNIOR GRADE)
71 T L Wood	Cumberland Presbyte-
	rian	U S S Birmingham
72 J H S Putnam	Episcopal	U S S Arkansas
73 J H. Benson	Christian Science	U S S Denebola
74 W L Thompson	Disciple	Naval Station, Guam, M I
75 L D Gottschall	United Brethren	U S S Black Hawk
76 J M Hester	Baptist South	Naval Home, Philadelphia, Pa
77 W T Holt	Episcopal	(Ordered) U S S Altair, San Diego.Cahf
78 R M Peil	Catholic	2nd Provisional Brigade, U S M C , San
		Domingo, D R
79 A deG Vogler	Presbyterian North	1st Provisional Brigade, U S M C , Cape
		Haitien, Haiti

ACTING CHAPLAINS

Name	Denomination	Station
LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR GRADE) 80 A E Stone 81 T C Miller 82 G G Murdock S3 J H Brooks 84 S W Salisbury. 85 H R Sanborn	Baptist North Disciple Catholic Methodist South Presbyterian, USA Episcopal	U S S Chewink, New London, Conn U S S Camden U S S Aroostook Submarine Base, Hampton Roads, Va U S S Bridgeport Submarine Base, San Pedro, Calif .

SPECIAL DUTIES OF NAVY CHAPLAINS

A brief outline of the duties performed by Navy chaplains during the war clearly shows, in a general way, the caliber of man needed in the Navy Chaplains' Corps. While the work in time of peace is not so strenuous as during the war, the duties are as varied and call in addition for work along educational lines and phases that had to be neglected under the stress of war. This outline shows that the need is for A-l men and no others.

1. A general supervision over Morale and Welfare work within the station, camp or yard, including that work done by Civilian Wel- fare Organizations, Y. M. C. A., K. of C., Red Cross, etc., to the end that their work be correlated and coordinated so as to give the greatest total results,

2. The Commandant's liaison representative affiliating with the various civilian organizations and officials in all activities without the station, insofar as they touched or affected the enlisted personnel of the Navy and Marine Corps, and aiding them in every way possible.

3. General supervision of all religious services within the reser- vation, conducting those he could, but utilizing the best speakers and other assistance that could be secured from without.

388

Year Book of the Churches

4. Organizing and supervising entertainments, whether furnished by local or outside talent.

5. In charge of moving pictures.

6. Aiding, and often in general charge of athletics.

7. Hospital visiting, correspondence for sick, etc.

8. Meeting with new recruits. Addressing them on the possibili- ties and dangers in their service career.

£. Bureau of information for the men of the station on matters pertaining to ratings, proper procedure, advice in trouble, etc.

10. Personal and family correspondence.

11. Advising and directing new chaplains sent for brief period of instruction before assignment to independent duty.

12. In charge of or contributing to station publications.

13. In charge of libraries, except where there were representatives of the American Library Association.

14. Putting before the men the wisdom and value of War Bisk Insurance, and often supervising the actual work in connection with insurance, except that specifically required by the regulations to be done by the Supply Department.

15. Advising in matters pertaining to volunteer family allotments and Government family allowances.

16. Aiding or directing Liberty and Victory Loan Campaigns.

17. General utility, in so far as not mentioned above.

18. The work on transports and naval vessels at sea was along these same general lines, although more restricted in some details by crowded conditions, limited space, and precautions necessary for safety in danger zones. On the other hand, the chaplain at sea usually lacked the assistance to be had on shore, with the logical result that more details and all the religious work usually devolved upon him.

APPORTIONMENT OF NAVY CHAPLAINS TO THE CHURCHES DURING THE WAR

	Regular	Reserve
Northern Baptist Convention . Southern Baptist Convention Catholic . . . Methodist Episcopal . . ... Methodist Episcopal Church, South . , ,	13 10 38 25 11	i " 5 2
Presbyterian, U. S. A ... .... Presbyterian, U". S . , . . United Presbyterian . ....	21 2 3	5 1
Cumberland Presbyterian . . .	1
Protestant Episcopal .	15	9
Disciples .	6	1
Christian .	2	1
Lutheran ...»	10	1
Congregational »„	9	2
Reformed . United Brethren . . ..	1 1
Christian Science ....	1
Jewish ... .	1
Universalist ...... Moravian ,	1	2
Total . . . ....	171	30

OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS

Owing to insufficient appropriations, it is the present policy of the Navy Department to maintain only the combatant activities of the Naval Reserve Force. There are now 24 chaplains in the Naval Reserve Force. Under the above mentioned policy no more chaplains

Directory of Chaplains 389

will be enrolled and those chaplains now m the Reserve Force will not be re-enrolled upon the expiration of their present four-year enrollment, which will occur as follows:

16 in 1923

6 in 1924

2 in 1925

WAR RISK AND REHABILITATION

All matters pertaining to War Risk Insurance, Reinstatement for War Risk Insurance, Government Compensation for Disability, Re- habilitation and Vocational Training, for both Army and Navy are now under the direction of the United States Veterans' Bureau, Ar- lington Building, Vermont Avenue and H St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Compensation and Vocational Training are handled in the head- quarters of the various fourteen (14) areas into which the country is divided, and application for same may be made to these local offices or to the Veterans7 Bureau as above. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Veterans' Bureau

VOCATIONAL TRAINING HEADQUARTERS

DISTRICT No. 1: Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island. Office: 101 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.

DISTRICT No. 2: Connecticut, New York and New Jersey. Office; 23 West 43d Street, New York City.

DISTRICT No. 3 : Pennsylvania and Delaware. 0 fjice ; 140 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

DISTRICT No. 4 : District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia. Office; 450 Lexington Bldg., Baltimore, Md.

DISTRICT No. 5: North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Tennessee. Office- 828 Forsythe Bldg., Atlanta, Ga.

DISTRICT No. 6: Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Office; 412- 432 Maison Blanche Annex, New Orleans, La.

DISTRICT No 7: Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. Office; Denton Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio.

DISTRICT No. 8: Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Office; 14 East Congress St., Chicago, 111.

DISTRICT No. 9: Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri. Office; 6801 Delmar Ave , St. Louis, Mo.

DISTRICT No. 10: Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana. Office; Room 600, Keith-Plaza Bldg., 1700 Hennepm Ave., Minneapolis, Minn.

DISTRICT No, 11: Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. Office; 400 Mercantile Bldg., Denver, Colo.

DISTRICT No. 12: California, Nevada, and Arizona. Office; 544 Flood Bldg., San Francisco, Calif.

DISTRICT No. 13: Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Office- Arcade Bldg., Seattle, Wash.

DISTRICT No. 14: Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Office- Dallas Club Bldg., Dallas, Texas.

SECTION V

RELIGIOUS STATISTICS

AND GENERAL INFORMATION

RELIGIOUS STATISTICS AND GENERAL INFORMATION Figures here given are the result of effort to get from the statisti- cian, or other officer of each denomination, a report of statistics col- lected by that denomination for the year 1922. The fiscal year of the denominations varies. With some bodies the year closes December 31, 1922, with others the fiscal year closes at periods varying front March to mid-year while othei bodies still gather from local units reported at annual sessions, in some cases in the spring and others in the fall. It is, therefore, impossible to bring the denominations to a fairly comparable basis. We have, however, used our best endeavors to get the latest available figures as nearly as of even date as pos- sible. No report could be secured from some of the smaller bodies, and for these the latest published figures have been used. In a few cases the figures are taken from the 1916 Religious Census.

STATISTICS OF RELIGIOUS BODIES, 1922

Unless otherwise indicated these figures are furnished by officials of the Church and are for the past fiscal year. Exceptions and ex- planations are indicated by the following:

A Latest available source. C Religious Census, 1916.

* f and small letters refer to explanatory footnotes.

NAME	o	1	i	02 &8	Sunday School Members	iH
ALL DENOMINATIONS	m,5n	H4,885	47,407,851	204,464\25,189,419	518,817,578
Adventut Bodies	2,752	1,892	1SS,660	3,040	198,889	7,121,257
Advent Christian Church	535	770	30,597	383	24,141	625,000
Seventh Day Adventist	2,101	1,005	98, 106	2,593	95,835	6,471,887
A Church of God (Adventist)	22	46	848			2,358
Life and Advent Union	7	21	652	9	512	8,996
A Churches of God in Christ Jesus	87	50	3,457	55	2,851	13,016
American Catholic Church	11	16	1,150	7	219	14,600
American Rescue Workers	29	30	612	13	499	22,682
Armenian Church	34	17	27,450	7	682	32,440
Assemblies of God, General Council	1,000	1,034	60,000	1,200	40,000	104,205
C Bahais	57		2,884	4		6,877
Baptist Bodies	65,455	48,597	8,167,585	49,718	4,555,164	68,782,651
Northern Baptist Convention	8,631	8,463	61,274,250	7,648	1,047,456	29,883,186
Southern Baptist Convention	27,574	16,980	63,374,165	21,184	2,224,834	33,432,745
National Baptist Convention (colored)	24,333	18,267	3,253,733	19,723	1,186,831	4,939,226
f General Six Principle Baptist	12	8	400	6	329	2,483
Seventh Day Baptist	81	101	7,643	76	5,398	130,394
Free Baptist	Include	d in No	rthern Bap	tist Sta	tistics Es timated
A Free Will Baptist	800	920	60,000	500	30,000	95,000
C Colored Free Will Baptist	170	294	13,362	90	4,168	36,647
A Free Will Baptists (Bullockites)	12	5	184	1	15	275
.4 Genera] Baptists	518	589	33,466	305	26,685	64,698
Separate Baptists	55	50	4,000	20	1,750	9,468
A Regular Baptists	401	494	21,521	50	2,851	11,853
A United Baptists	254	411	22,097	17	793	4,837
A Duck River and Kindred Ass'ns of Baptists
(Baptist Church of Chnst)	105	110	6,872	8	447	2,518
€ Primitive Baptists	2,143	1.292	80,311			96,270
A Colored Primitive Baptists	336	600	15,144	88	3,607	22,881
C Two-Seed-m-the-Spint (Predestmarian Bap-
tists) . .	30	13	387			170
Brethren, German Baptists (Dunkers) Church of the Brethren (Conservative)	1,256 1,024	3,805 3,264	136, 4S2 112,563	1,487 1,302	178,090 149,528	1,190,985 a 852, 938
Old Order German Baptist Brethren .	36	210	3,400			o7,100
The Brethren Church (Progressive)	182	312	19,387	124	27,530	326,583
German Seventh Day Baptists Church of God (New Dunkards) Brethren, Plymouth . . .	3 11 470	4 15	500 582 13,717	3 8 261	145 887 12,813	916 3,448 185,954
Brethren, River .	84	$87	5,219	67	7tS85	S9J81
Brethren in Christ of U S and Canada	47	238	3,622	60	6,735	39,181
Old Order (Yorker) Brethren	9	25	432			400
United Zion's Children . . .	28	24	1,165	7	650
C Catholic Apostolic Church.	13	13	2,768	4	192	29,740
C Chnetadelphians	145		2,922	79	3,101	16,340
Christian and Missionary Alliance	350	325	10,050	267	13,375	1,078,876
Christian Church (General Christian Conv) Christian Union	1,208 235	899 228	100,430 13,893	944 213	94,099 15,000	c 197,723 50,000
Church of Christ, Scientist (Christian Science)	1,799	3,598		If799
Church of God and Saints of Christ	94	101	3,311	57	1,783	18,674
Church of the Nazarene	1,210	2,012	47,942	1,200	83,054	2,139,794
A Churches of Chnst	5,570	2,507	317,937	3,441	183,022	679,091
Church of God, General Assembly . . .	666	913	21,076	391	16,148	70,496
Churches of God in N. A., General Eldership	463	340	26,416	399	45,097	409,736

394

Year Book of the Churches

STATISTICS OF RELIGIOUS BODIES, 1922— ContU

NAME	Churches	Ministers	1	II	2	JJgl
Churches of the Living God	809	$05	7,74S	93	1,186	88,899
C Church of the Living God	28	30	1,743	27	491	6,199
Church of the Living God (Christian Workers
for Fellowship)	166	125	5,000	58	570	15,000
C Church of the Living God, General Assembly Churches of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian) Gen'l Conv of the New Jerusalem, USA	15 107 92	50 111 87	1,000 7,086 6,176	8 76 62	125 8,086 2,036	1,200 178,468 c 172,463
General Church of the New Jerusalem	15	24	890	14
Communistic Bodies	15	50	2,650	18	1,050	10,000
Amana Society			1,400
C United Society of Believers (Shakers) Congregational Churches	5,872	30 5,781	1,250 838,271	12 6,000	1,050 781,195	10,000 21,522,269
Disciples of Christ	8,714	5,926	1,218,849	8,519	1,024,773	ell, 165, 391
Eastern Orthodox Churches	415	455	456,054	818	17,787	105,315
A Albanian Orthodox	2	1 3	410			a 2, 482
A Bulgarian Orthodox	4	« 3	650			a 2, 500
Greek Orthodox (Hellenic)	13C	16f	200,000	50	4,500
A Roumanian Orthodox	2	5	1,994	2	123	oil, 520
A Russian Orthodox	212	220	200,000	152	12,500
A Serbian Orthodox	30	26	3,000	9	664	a 29,353
Syrian Holy Orthodox Greek Catholic Mission in North America	35	36	50,000			a 59, 460
Evangelical Church — a merger of Evan Ass'n
and United Evan Church .	2,916	1,856	259,417	3,101	419,463	20,101,432
A Evangelical Protestant Church of N A Evangelical Synod of North America	37 1,314	34 1,175	17,962 317,986	38 1,200	8,792 163,263	197,194 4,209,052
Evangelistic Associations	SOS	688	15,708	167	18,441	319,760
C Apostolic Church	2	5	112	1	60	650
A Apostolic Christian Church	52	73	5,000	40	3,315	29,893
Apostolic Faith Movement	24	26	2,196	16	769	38,380
C Christian Congregation	15	28	3,000	15	1,650	20,000
Church of Daniel's Band	4	16	100	1	45	600
Church of God as Organized by Christ	14	16	216
Church Transcendent	1	4	15	1	22	250
Hepzibah Faith Missionary Ass'n	9	81	400	9	660	16,000
C Lumber Biver Mission	6	4	434	6	358	323
C Metropolitan Church Association	7	122	704	3	458	80,635
C Missionary Church Association	25	59	1,554	29	3,343	37,930
Pemel Missions	5			7
C Pentecost Bands of the World	14	45	400	11	600	20,000
C Pillar of Fire	23	133	722	24	775	72,900
C Voluntary Missionary Society in America C Free Christian Zion Church of Christ	4 35	11 29	855 6,225	4 35	386 3,699	2,199 19,154
Fnends	920	1,858	106,548	741	67,809	1,099,644
Society of Fnends (Orthodox) (5 years meeting) Religious Society of Friends (Hieksite) A Orthodox Conservative Fnends (Wilburite)	714 153 50	1,200 50	85,612 17,513 3,373	625 108 8	61,000 6,033 276	1,000,000 89,250 10,144
A Friends (Primitive)	3	2	50			250
Holiness Church	43	96	1,250	45	1,485	44,000
r Independent Churches	597	54	54,393	488	39,077	765,815
C International Apostolic Holiness Church	375	600	11,800	201	9,120	74,000
Jacobite (Assyrian) Church	4	2	<Z4,825	3	136	5,030
A Jewish Congregations	3,000	810	400,000	780	74,022	4,788,228
Latter Day Samts	2,000	10,854	604,082	8,84S	881,448	1,284,068
Church of Jesus Chnst of Latter Day Samts Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter	1,050	4,718	508,717	1,368	221,066	804,068
Day Saints	950	6,136	e95,365	875	• 60,376	/ 480, 000
A Lithuanian National Catholic Church	7	3	7,343	1	142	17,374
Lutherans	15,857	10,168	2,515,66%	10,847	1,069,514	38,964,933
*Umted Lutheran Church in America	3,803	2,839	801,250	3,682	576,959	13,798,195
*Jomt Synod of Ohio	954	746	151,948	810	75,432	1,971,324
Iowa Synod	999	603	132,269	733	40,121	1,343,907
"Buffalo Synod	48	32	6,640	34	1,583	78,318
*Emmanuel Synod	8	6	1,249	8
*Jehovah Conference	6	6	864	4	420	5,800
*Augustana Synod	1,254	756	204,081	1,254	91,772	4,185,545
*Norwegian Lutheran Church	2,637	957	260,888	1,216	70,777	4,539,451
""Lutheran Free Church	420	200	30,000	280	25,400	283,547
*Eielsen Synod	37	7	1,550	19	212	19,704
""Lutheran Brethren	40' 26	1,250			265,000

a Census.

c Amount raised 1921

d Adherents, including communicants

cU S and Canada actual members

/Local expense only

* Cooperating m the National Lutheran Council

Religious Statistics and Information 895

STATISTICS OP RELIGIOUS BODIES, 1922— ContU

NAME	Churches	1 3	Members	wc§	III	Us!
"United Danish Church	209	150	29,132	208	10,700	454,000
*Damsh Church	103	62	13,944	64	2,706	172,774
"Icelandic Synod	61	17	5,217	33	1,839	40,271
"Suorni Synod	163	46	23,538	182	10,850	186,875
"Finnish National Church	61	23	4,395	45	3,160	44,900
"Finnish Apostolic Church	100		20,000	45	4,135	70,000
tMissoun Synod	4,179	3,018	673,321	1,819	132,334	9,919,459
fJorat Wisconsin Synod	625	566	139,605	345	17,699	1,526,629
fNorwegian Synod,	48	32	4,583	17	735	26,119
fSlovak Synod	46	34	7,959			865
fNegro Mission	56	36	1,979	49	2,680	32,250
Mennomte Bodies	978	1,548	91,603	757	100,101	S, 178, 169
Mennomte Church	338	516	36,667	375	56,225	504,180
Hutterian Brethren	17	32	982	14	621
Conservative Amish Mennomte Church	13	33	1,400	18	2,000	c 10, 000
A Old Order Amish Mennomte Church	88	253	7,665	5	261	406
A. Church 01 God in Christ (Mennomte)	21	17	1,125	10	715	6,333
A. Old Order Amish Mennomte Ch (Wisler)	22	32	1,608			185
Reformed Mennomte Church	22	31	1,500
A Gen'l Conf of Mennomtes of N A	117	190	19,937	124	20,000	350,000
A Defenseless Mennomtes	11	24	854	10	1,567	10,241
Mennomte Brethren in Christ	200	197	8,503	142	12,779	1,119,872
Mennomte Brethren Church of N A	64	122	5,994			c 106, 858
A Krmxmer Brethren	13	34	894	18	1,673	13,075
A Kleme Gememde	3	7	171	4	80	25
A Central Conterence of Mennomtes	23	29	2,923	23	2,288	48,755
A Conf oi Defenseless Mennomtes of N A	15	22	1,171	14	1,892	8,239
A Stauffer Mennomtes	5	9	209
Messianic World Message	20	25	35,000			"c2,806
Methodists	65,414	51,925	8,868,889	59,341	7,403,795	127,412,816
White	51,509	87,710	6,889,414	47,585	6,720,184	121,321,996
Methodist Episcopal Church	29,232	20,514	(74,255,246	26,623	4,322,000	82,309,952
Methodist Episcopal Church, South	17,504	A13,079	2,362,598	16,949	2,050,137	34,500,193
Methodist Protestant	2,379	1,356	186,275	1,965	191,270	2,219,604
Free Methodist	1,259	1,483	32,053	1,331	103,676	1,348,918
Wesleyan	675	666	21,000	521	30, 133	c 644, 006
Primitive Methodist Church, USA	86	85	9,986	87	16,807	279,584
Congregational Methodist Church	350	500	21,000	103	5,830	18,367
A New Congregational Methodist Church	24	27	1,256	6	331	1,372
Colored	13,905	14,815	1,372,875	11,756	688,611	6,090,380
African Methodist Episcopal	6,900	6,550	551,766	6,250	278,313	3,425,000
A African Methodist Episcopal Zion	2,716	3,962	412,328	2,544	203,147	784,746
Colored Methodist Episcopal in America	3,824	3,039	366,315	2,543	193,000	1,736,192
A Colored Methodist Protestant	26	33	1,967	24	1,016	12,129
Union American Methodist Episcopal	267	205	18,812	245	2,553	40,664
A African Union Methodist Protestant	58	260	3,750	49	3,088	47,231
A Reformed Zion Union Apostolic	58	79	10,000	58	1,000	34,438
African American Methodist Episcopal A Reformed Methodist Union Episcopal	27 29	35 52	5,811 2,126	25 18	934 560	6,500 3,420
Moravian Bodies	149	187	85,692	14S	81,773	580,560
Moravian Church (Umtas Fratrum)	123	142	23,666	120	20,777	512, 161
A Evangelical Union of Bohemian and Moravian
Brethren m N A.	23	44	1,714	20	627	5,499
Independent Bohemian and Moravian Breth-
ren Churches	3	1	312	3	369	2,900
A New Apostolic Church	20	20	3,828	12	689	8,210
A Nonsectarian Churches of Bible Faith	58	26	2,273	12	571	1,263
Old Catholic Churches in America	18		18,725	15	8,088	88,150
A Old Roman Catholic Church	12	12	4,700	11	1,271	12,150
A Catholic Church of North America	6	12	9,025	4	761	20,000
Pentecostal Holiness Church	320	471	7,940	228	11,821	137,746
A Polish National Catholic Church of America	34	45	28,245	27	2,967	149,839
Presbyterian	15,800	14,481	2,402,898	15,47$	8,814,619	65,889,459
Presbyterian Church, U S A. Presbyterian Church, U. S	9,710 3,492	9,965 2,056	1,722,254 411,854	9,856 3,085	1,502,616 431,178	47,341,334 11,743,725
Cumberland Presbyterian	1,273	774	65,425	1,200	46,000
United Presbyterian Church of N A	929	959	162,780	943	199,515	5,565,180
A Colored Cumberland Presbyterian Church	136	430	13,077	139	8,399	39,497
Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church	131	95	16,832	131	15,967	323,110
Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Ch of N. A (Covenanter)	103	124	7,420	94	8,981	332,714

c Amount raised 1921

g Including 259,581 non-resident members, i e , members lost sight of, carried on rolls 3 years before being dropped These not previously reported. h Local Preachers 5,109

* Cooperating in the National Lutheran Council f Constituting the Synodical Conference

396

Year Book of the Churches

STATISTICS OF RELIGIOUS BODIES, 1922— Cont'd.

NAME	Churches	Ministers	1	fi	111	UJ
A Reformed Presbyterian Ch in N A , General
Synod	15	13	2,400	13	1,963	36,798
Associate Synod of N A (Associate Presby-
terian Church)	11	5	350	12		7,101
Protestant Episcopal Church A Reformed Episcopal Church Reformed Bodies	8,324 79 8,741	6,024 75 2,303	1,118,396 13,022 525,161	6,000 79 2,655	504,640 9,005 526,055	35,513,273 460,283 9,895,874
Reformed Church in the United States	1,756	1,290	337,526	1,715	368,708	5,007,685
Reformed Church m America	736	774	141,222	770	136,000	3,998,325
Christian Reformed	249	239	46,413	170	21,347	889,864
Roman Catholic Church	16,615	22,049	18,104,804	15,642	4,332,561	e 75, 368, 294
Salvation Army	1,262	3,940	t 52, 291		125,335	3,985,434
Scandinavian Evangelical Bodies	458	606	39,025	461	47,140	774,167
Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant of
America	305	448	30,000	322	34,401	522,352
Swedish Evangelical Free Church ,4. Norwegian Danish Free Church	102 51	96 62	6,208 2,817	99 30	9,582 3,157	144,303 107,512
Schwenkfelders	4	6	1,362	6	2,119	16,504
A Social Brethren	19	10	950	8	478	817
A Society for Ethical Culture	7	11	3,210	6	438	559,779
Spiritualists	624	SS2	106,322	74	4,008	98,443
A Spiritualists (National Association)	600	300	100,000	60	3,000	82,763
Progressive Spiritualist Church	24	32	6,322	14	1,008	10,680
Temple Society m the U S (Friends of the Tem-
ple)	5	3	dm	2	165	5,600
Theosophical Societies	888	4	64,126			1,176
A Theosophical Society	17		199			1,176
Theosophical Society, New York (Inc )	1	4	60
A Theosophical Society, American Section	203		7,800
Universal Brotherhood and Theosophical So-
ciety	1		56,067
Unitarians	448	492	d 108, 560	312	20,240	1,252] 600
United Brethren Bodies	3,694	8,811	389,972	5,379	467,831	6,214,178
Church of the United Brethren in Christ	3,285	1,944	370,628	2,992	439,066	5,880,968
Church of the United Brethren m Christ (Old
Constitution)	409	367	19,344	387	28,765	333,210
A Umversahsts	644	561	46,775	467	58,442	1,069,075
A Vedanta Society	3	3	350			2,000
A Volunteers of America	98	325	10,200	26	1,600	243,340

c Amount raised 1921.

i Junior 16,275

d Adherents, including communicant1'

STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVEN- TION AT HOME AND ABROAD, 1922-23

Released April 19, 1923, E P Alldredge, Secretary Survey Statistics and Information

		In Foreign Lands
		Reported	Totals at	Gams and Losses	Total Gams
Items	In the South		Home and	m South Past	and Losses
				Abroad	Year	Past Year
		1923	1922
Associations	978	No report	No report	978	L 8	L 8
Churches	27,919	812	622	28,731	G 285	G 475
Baptists Past Year*	224,844	11,815	7,891	236,659	L 8,727	L 4,803
Membership of Churches	3,366,211	98,550	64,251	3,464,761	G 145,828	G 180,127
Sunday Schoolst	20,935	1,370	971	22,305	G 785	G 1,184
Sunday School Enrollment	2,220,035	71,001	53,691	2,291,036	G 72,381	G 89,692
B Y P U 's	12,686	No report	No report	12,686	G 1,857	G 1,857
B Y P U Enrollment	417,667	No report	No report	417,667	G 83,409	G 83,409
W M U Organizations! W M U Contributions	20,075 $3,407,208	No report No report	No report No report	Report not m $3,407,208	No report L $387,199	L $387,199
Home Purpose Contributions	$22,318,120	No report	No report	$22,318,120	L $151,901	L $151,901
75-Million Campaign and all
Benevolences	$9,849,856	$434,292	$454,235	$10,284,148	L $1,112,868	L $1,132, 812
Total Contributions	$32,167,927	$434,292	$454,235	$32,602,269	L $1,264,820	L $1,284, 713
Value Church Property .	$115,379,210	No report	No report	$115,379,210	G $13, 162, 887	G $13, 162, 887

* As will be seen, foreign churches made great gams m baptisms over last year while the churches at home saptized 8,727 fewer than the year before

fThe reports on Sunday Schools and W M U work this year are very incomplete and far below the actual figures

Religious Statistics and Information 397

A STUDY OF RELIGIOUS STATISTICS FOR 1922

Gains for the past year

The following table will show total gains as compared with statistics reported in the Year Book of the Churches for 1921: Year Churches Ministers Members S Schools 8 S Members Total Raised

1922 2 13, 578 214,385 47,107,251 204,461 25,189,419 $518,317,578" 1921 233,999 199,331 10,242,130 199, 15i 23,944,438 488,424,084

1 Yl 9,379 15,054 1,165,121 5 310 1,244,981 $29,983,494

This table on its face shows a decided gam under each head, and is indicative of the largest numerical growth enjoyed by the Church m late years. Some analysis of each head will be helpful in showing more precisely just what these gains mean.

Churches

The gain m Churches, 9,579, (4 per cent) includes 1799 churches of the Christian Scientists not reported last year, deducting which shows 7,780 new church organizations, established during the year, a greater number the past year than in five years preceding.

Ministers

The figures show a gain of 15,054 ministers (7.6 per cent). Here again it should be noted that the 1921 statistics did not report Christian Scientists,, 3,598 reported in 1922, and 5,109 local preachers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South,, not included in 1921 report, are in the 1922 report. The proper estimate of true annual gain in ministers is, therefore, 6,347, still a larger gain for the year in ministers than is shown in the five-year period, from 1916-21.

Members

The total gain in membership over the 1921 report is 1,165,121, or 2.56 per cent, decidedly the best gain numeiically m recent years. This gain, however, in order that we may reach fair conclusions must be considered in connection with some membership figures not previously reported. The most important of these is the in- clusion of 259,581 members of the Methodist Episcopal Church not in the report of 1921. These members are what in the terminology of the Methodist Episcopal Church are classed as "non-resident" and are carried on the rolls for three years before being stricken off if not heard from. These have been carried in a separate roll, and not reported previously in the Year Book of the Churches. They are, however, clearly bona-fide members and such members are carried and reported by most, if not all churches. On the other hand through an error in the statistics reported officially a year a#o by the Sal- vation Army an excess of 62,063 members was reported. To properly adjust this and the Methodist figures, in order to get the actual in- crease in membership in 1922, 197,518 (259,581-62,063) should be deducted from 1,165,121, leaving 967,603 as the actual numerical gain within the year. For those making any special study of statistics we would call attention to the remarkable gains reported by some of the small church bodies, due m some cases to changing their method of reporting from strictly "communicant" to "communicant and bap- tized" members, while in other cases no explanation is immediately available. Among these may be noted American Catholic Cliurch reporting a gain of 675 on 475 in 1921, (due ta change in basis) ; Church of God, General Assembly reporting a gain of 13,292 on 7,784, which is really the gain since the 1916 Census, (6 yrs.) ; Church of the Living God (Christian Workers for Fellowship) report a gain of 2,000 on 3,000 reported in 1921, a £'ain Of 66 2/3 per cent, no explanation immediately available, the Greek Orthodox Church reports an increase of 50,000 on 150,000 or 33 1/3 per cent, due apparently to activity in reaching more effectively the Greek popu- lation coming to this country in recent years; the Evangelical Synod of North Am,erica shows a gain of 43,126 on 274,860 due to discrepancy in figures officially furnished; the Jacobite Assyrian Apostolic Church

398

Year Book of the Churches

reports a gain of 4,045 on 780 reported in 1921 due to change in man- ner of reporting from communicant to adherents ; the Moravians show a loss of 8,104 due to change in basis of reporting by the largest of the Moravian bodies from all "baptized and communicants" to "communi- cants" only. On a "communicant" only basis the Moravians would show a real gain of 1,058. The report of the Universalists, incomplete reports, shows a loss of 11,791 when compared with the 1916 religious census. These discrepancies do not materially affect the totals as to crams.

The following table of gains or losses by the major bodies is given, first as showing gams claimed by the denomination itself, and sec- ond as compared with figures furnished us for 1921. We make this double showing because of the change of base in several instances :

TABLE OF GAINS AND LOSSES—MEMBERSHIP 1922

Because of change of base in a number of cases, comparison is made between figures of Denominational Year Books and figures officially furnished for the Year Book of the Churches.

CHURCH BODY	Denominational Report	Denominational Report	Compared with Official Report F C Year Book— 1921
Gam	Loss	Gam	Loss	Gain	Loss	Gam	Loss
			Per cent	Per cent			Per cent	Per cent
Adventists (5)		2,567		I 8		2,567		1 8
American Catholic	675		142		a 675		142
Baptists
Northern Convention	13,843		1 1		520,372		1 62
Southern Convention	147,253		4 6		b 175, 160		5 47
National Convention	137,408		4 4		137,408		4 4
Others (14)		655	0 25			655		0 25
Brethren (German Baptists (5))	2,322		1 7		2,322		1 7
Christian Church, Gen'l Conv	3,346		3 4		3,346		3.4
Church of Christ, Independent Church of God, N A (General	No Chan	ge
Eldership)	496		1 8		496		1 8
Congregational	19,046		2 32		19,046		2 32
Disciples	33,335		2 8		8,826		0 72
Eastern Orthodox (7)	45,000		1 1		45,000		1 1
Evangelical Church	9,321		3		9,321		3
Evangelical Synod of N A		8,032	2 9		43, 126		15 69
Friends (4)	762		0 64		10,691		9 1
Jacobite Assyrian Apostolic	4,045		518 6		a 4, 045		518 6
Jewish	No Chan	ge
Latter Day Saints (2)	16, 164		2 7		16,164		2 7
Lutherans	49,017		1 98		49,017		1 98
Mennomtes (16) TUT of Vinrl, qfc	321		0 35		321		0 35
Metnocnscs Methodist Episcopal	122, 975		3 1		c 316,591		8 03
Methodist Episcopal, South	66, 106		2 8		16,531		0 7
Methodist Protestant	8,000		4 5		8,000		4 5
Others (14)	123,176		9 2		123,176		9 2
Moravians (3)	1,058		3			d8,104		24
Old Catholic	1,150		8 4		1,150		8 4 '
Presbyterians
USA	34,557		2			107		0 006
U S	13,796		3 4		14,796		3 7
Cumberland	1,000		1 5		1,500		2 25
United	2,252		1 4		2,252		14
Others (5)		733		1 8		733		1 8
Protestant Episcopal	36,818		3 3		14,367		1 3
Reformed Episcopal	No Chan	ge
Reformed Bodies
Reformed D S	6,157		1 8		6,157		1 8
Reformed in America	5,588		4 1		5,588		4 1
Reformed Christian	2,511		5 7		2,511		5 7
Roman Catholic	219, 158		1 22		219,158		1 22
Salvation Army	6,322		13			e 55, 742		55
Unitarians	4,624		4 45		4,624		4 45
United Brethren (2)	7,143		1 8		7,143		1 8
Universalists		/ 11, 791		20 1		m,791		20 1

o Change from Communicant to Adherent basis 6 Inclusive of 6,529 District of Columbia members not previously included c Inclusive ot 259,581 "Non Resident" members not reported in 1921 d Change from "Baptized and Communicant" to strictly "Communicant" basis. e Due to error m figures furnished for 1921. Incomplete official returns

Religious Statistics and Information 899

Sunday Schools

No explanation is needed concerning Sunday School figures. It Is worthy of note that the Sunday School membership gam is 86,137 more than the increase in Church membership,

Money Raised

The reports from the different denominations vary widely in what is included in amount of money raised. The question sent out is in- clusive of all money raised for all purposes, but clearly the answers are not uniform, some giving only "general benevolences," and some only local budgets. The interesting fact is an increase over 1921 of $29,893,497.

GROWTH IN CHURCH MEMBERSHIP COMPARED WITH

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES

The population of the United States has increased as follows:

Census Census Census Census

Present

1890 1900 1910 1920 Estimate

62,947,714 75,994,575 91,972,266 105,710,620 108,000,000

Church Membership of the United States has increased as follows:

Census Census Census

1890 1906 1916 1922

21,699,432 35,068,058 41,926,854 47,407,251

Population has increased 6.8 per cent during 32 years or at the average rate of 2.125 per annum since 1890. Church membership has increased 118 4 per cent or at the average rate of 3.7 per cent per annum, showing a small but steady advance of church members over population. This steady advance is further shown by the fact that in 1890 the church membership was 34 per cent of the population and in 1922, 45 per cent.

CONSTITUENCY

The definition of the term "constituency" is varied. Defining it as "all those who by birthright, affiliation, or sympathetic interest as well as actual enrolled membership hold some form of denomina- tional religious faith," careful study of the population of the United States has brought some good statisticians to the conclusion that the figures of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Latter Day Saints presented in the Year Book represent "constituency." No reg- ular plan of enrollment appears to be followed by Jewish synagogues, some counting only heads of families and others only heads of families who are pewholders; since, therefore, all who have not renounced the Jewish faith among those of Jewish blood may strictly be counted as Jewish constituency, a multiple of four is fair,, though rather low, upon the reported membership of Jewish synagogues. It is somewhat harder to get a fair multiple for Protestant bodies, but Dr. Walter Laidlaw, of New York, who has had large experience as statistician of the New York Federation of Churches and m the Census Bureau of the United States, has demonstrated through varied tests that a multiple of 2.8 upon Protestant membership figures is approximately correct. Some such calculation is necessary to bring the figures to a

400 Year Book of the Churches

comparable basis. It is altogether misleading, for example, to say that there are 18,104,804 Roman Catholics, 400,000 Jews and 28,902,447 Protestants in a total of 47,407,251 reported membership, a ratio of 1:1.5, while the one represents population as officially stated and the other is communicant membership. The calculation below shows a ratio of 1 :4.3 as between Roman Catholic and Protestant population m the United States ; that is, for every one of Roman Catholic there are four and three tenths of Protestant faith The approximate ratios to total population are 18 Roman Catholics, 77 Protestants, 3 other faiths and 10 of no faith.

1922 POPULATION OF U. S. AS MEMBERS AND ADHERENTS OF SOME FORM OF RELIGIOUS FAITH

^Protestant 77,958,470

Eastern Orthodox 456,054

Latter Day Saints . 604,082

**Jewish . 1,600,000

Roman Catholic 18,104,804

Total .. 98,723,410

* A multiple of 2.8 on communicant figures.

**A multiple of 4 on reported membership which as a rule is made up only of heads of families or pew holders.

Seven Largest Protestant Groups

The seven larger Protestant denominational groups in order of numbers are Methodists, 8,262,289; Baptists, 8,167,535; Lutherans, 2,515,662; Presbyterians, 2,402,392; Disciples, 1,218,849; Protestant Episcopal, 1,118,396; Congregationalists, 838,271.

Largest Protestant Bodies

Following is a list of the largest Evangelical bodies in the order of numbers — twenty-two, all above 200,000(, the largest being the Methodist Episcopal:

Methodist Episcopal 4,255,246

Southern Baptist Convention 3,374,165

National Baptist Convention (Colored) 3,253,733

Methodist Episcopal Church, South . 2,362,598

Presbyterian, U. S. A. . 1,722,254

Northern Baptist Convention 1,274,250

Disciples . . 1,218,849

Protestant Episcopal 1,118,396

Congregational . . 838,271

United Lutheran 801,250

Missouri Synod . . . 673,321

African Methodist Episcopal 551,766

African Methodist Episcopal, Zion 412,328

Presbyterian, U. S. . . 411,854

Church of the United Brethren m Christ 370,628

Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in America 366,315

Reformed Church in the United States . 337,526

Evangelical Synod of North America . 317,986

Churches of Christ (Independent) . 317,937

Norwegian Lutheran Church 260,888

Evangelical Church . .. ... 259,417

Augustana Synod . .. , 204,081

Religious Statistics and Information

401

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402

Year Book of the Churches

FOREIGN MISSION STATISTICS

(Supplied by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America) Table I. Incomes

Society

Income

Grand Totals—Canada and U S Totals— Canada

CANADA BAPTIST

Baptist, Canadian For Miss Bd Baptist Wo For Miss Soc , Out , West Baptist Wo For Miss Soc , Ont , and 0 Baptist Wo Mm Un Maritime

CHURCH OF ENGLAND Church, of England, Miss Soc Ch of England, Wo Aux Mm Soc

CONGREGATIONAL

Congregational Canadian For Miss Soc Congregational Canadian Wo Bd Miss

HOLINESS Holiness Movement Church

METHODIST

Methodist Church, Canada, Miss Soc Methodist Ch , Canada Wo Miss Soc

PRESBYTERIAN

Presbyterian Ch , Canada, Bd For Miss Pretty Ch , Canada, Wo Miss Soc (E) Presby Ch , Canada, Wo Miss Soc (W)

INTERDENOMINATIONAL (Excepting Educational) Missionary Education Movement, Can Coun Leper's Miss , Canadian Com Y W C A , Canada, For Dept

INTERDENOMINATIONAL (Educational) Wo. Christian Medical Col , Toronto Com

INDEPENDENT (Excepting Educational) Ceylon and India Gen Miss , Canadian Br China Inland Miss , Canadian Br Inland-South America Un , Canada McAll Assn , Canadian San Pedro Miss , Canadian Com Sudan Interior Miss Zenana Bible Med Miss , Can Com

UNITED STATES Totals-United States

ADVENT CHRISTIAN Advent, American Miss Soc Advent, Wo Ho and For Miss Soc

ADVENTIST, SEVENTH-DAY Adventist, Seventh-Day Denomination

ASSEMBLIES OP GOD Assemblies of God , Miss Dept

BAPTIST CHURCHES Baptist, Gen Coun , Cooperating Miss

BAPTIST, GENERAL Baptist, General For Miss Soc ,

BAPTIST, NATIONAL CONTENTION lott Carey, Bapt For Miss Soc

Lott Carey, Wo Aux For Mm Soc Baptist, National For Miss Bd

BAPTIST, NORTHERN CONVENTION Baptist, American For Miss Soc

Baptist American For Wo Miss Soc Baptist, American Ho Miss Soc Baptist, American Ho. Wo Miss. Soc

BAPTIST, SCANDINAVIAN Baptist Scandinavian Denomination

BAPTIST, SEVENTH-DAY Baptist Seventh-Day Miss "Soc Baptist Seventh-Day Wo Exec Bd

$40, 627, 911 a, b * 1,956, 753 a, c

237,046 22,428 6,688 26,474

200,935 109,287

24,291 14,943

11,488

787,244c, d 211, 744 a, e

519,919 49,289 249, 459 a, /

3,248 15,140 7,466

* 6,198

1,499 42, 410 g 5,367

* 2,461 A

* l,800t 54,454

* 20,844;

$38,671,158

41, 104 a, k 15,0180, e

124, 781 a, m 106, 235 n

2,200

45,000 3,491 45,720

2,608,624 702,343 209, 003 a, o 57, 299 a, p

* 6,000

28 ,428 a, q 2, 349 a, r

Note— Figures in italics are included in the totals of

the mam society above * 1919-20 figures latest available ** No data available a Expended on work m this report only, 6 Total income, $1,397,875. c Expenditure for 13 months, not including $20 ex- pended through the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission Canada Auxiliary Total income for 13 months, $157,284 d Total income, $787,244 e Total income, $472, 42^

/ Total income, $487,276

g Not including $34,393 for famine relief

h Not including $308 for relief and $1,796 for war

orphans

i Income for six months only ? Not including $612 received from U S k Total income, $60,612 I Total income, $23,723 m Total income, $6,384,385, not including $301,669

from Canada

n Not including $912 from Canada, o Total income, $1,574,432

Religious Statistics and Information 403

Table I. Incomes — Continued

Society

Income 1

BAPTIST, SOUTHERN CONVENTION Baptist, Southern For Miss Bd Baptist Southern Wo Miss Un Baptist, Southern Ho Miss Bd

BRETHREN, CHURCH OF THE (DTJNKER) Brethren, Gen. Miss Bd

BRETHREN CHURCH (PROGRESSIVE) Brethren, For Miss Soc

BRETHREN IN CHRIST (TUNKERS) Brethren in Christ For Miss Bd

BRETHREN, PLYMOUTH Brethren Missionaries

CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE Christian and Missionary Alliance

CHRISTIAN DENOMINATION Christian Church For Miss Bd Christian Church Wo Bd For Miss

CHURCH OF GOD Church of God, Miss Bd

CHURCHES OF GOD, GENERAL ELDERSHIP Churches of God, Miss Bd

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES American Bd Comm For Miss Wo Bd Miss Boston Wo Bd Miss , Interior Wo Bd Miss, Pacific American College Madura, Trustees Central Turkey College, Aintab, Trustees Euphrates College, Trustees Jaffna College, Trustees Hawaiian Evang Asso,Bd of American Miss Assn

DISCIPLES OF CHRIST

EPISCOPAL Protestant Episcopal, Dom For Miss Soc

EPISCOPAL, REFORMED Reformed Episcopal Bd For Miss Reformed Episcopal Wo For, Mm Soc

EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION Evangelical Assn , Miss Soc Evangelical Assn Wo Miss Soc

EVANGELICAL, UNITED Evangelical Un Ho and For Miss Soc Ev Un Wo Ho and For Miss. Soc

EVANGELICAL SYNOD Evangelical For Miss Bd

FRIENDS (ORTHODOX) Friends Philadelphia For Miss Assn Friends American Bd For. Miss

Friends Wo Mm Un Friends California Bd Miss Friends Ohio For Miss. Soc

HEPHZIBAH FAITH MISB ASSN Hephzibah Faith Miss Assn

HOLINESS CHURCH, INTERNATIONAL Holiness Inter!, Bd For Miss

LUTHERAN BRETHREN Lutheran Brethren Bd Miss

LUTHERAN, DANISH Lutheran Danish Church

LUTHERAN, DANISH UNITED Lutheran Danish United Miss Bd

LUTHERAN FREE CHURCH Lutheran Free Ch Bd Miss . Lutheran Free Ch , Wo Miss Fed

3,649,922 832, 650 a, t 74,994fl,f

216,393a,M 48,671 27,660

584, 197 6, e

68,809 12,169

121,946 18, 000 a, a;

1,901, 079 y 336,795 290,566 51,980

4,502z 24,5602 17,8422 123, 000 aa 48,999 65

1,510, 680 10

1,011, 559 a, ao

20,000 *4,300y

152,426 a, ee 40, 416 a, JT

97, 808 a, gg 84, 334 M

96,245

30,969 115,041 5,733ti 27, 094 a. # 21,896

9,648 f 15,000

* 22,000

* 2, 000 co

* 15,000

40,977 2, 640 a, B

p Total income, $325,519 q Total income, $30,248 r Total income, $3,765

* Total income, S3.369.396.

* Total income, $1,229 251 u Total income, $263,569

v Not including $5,000 from Canada, ui Including income from Canada x Total income, $20,000 y Including $15,249 from Canada z Income independent of American Board Appro- priations

aa Income estimated including $3,000 annual grant from the American Missionary Association.

66 Total income, $926,468

dd Total income, $3,688,581.

ee Total income. $314,599.

ff Total income, $148,939.

gg Total income, $304,933.

hh Total income of which only part was expended for foreign mission work.

404

Year Book of the Churches

Table I. Incomes — Continued

Society

Income

LUTHERAN, JOINT SYNOD OF OHIO Lutheran Oho Syn Bd For Miss

LUTHERAN, NORWEGIAN Lutheran Norwegian Bd For. Miss

LUTHERAN SYNOD OP IOWA Lutheran Iowa and Other States Syn New Guinea Miss Aux

LUTHERAN SYNODICAL CONFERENCE Lutheran Missouri Syn Bd For Miss

LUTHERAN, UNITED Lutheran Un Bd For Miss

Lutheran Un Wo Miss Soc Lutheran West Indies Miss Bd Lutheran Augustana China Miss Soc

LUTHERAN, INTER-SYNODICAL Lutheran Inter-Synodical Orient Miss Soc

MENNONITE AND AMISH MENNONITE MennomteBd Miss and Chanties

MENNONITE BRETHREN Mennomte, Brethren Ch For Miss

, MENNONITE BRETHREN IN CHRIST

Mennomte Peon Conf Bd For Miss

MENNONITE, CONFERENCE OF DEFENSELESS Congo Inland Miss

MENNONITE, GENERAL CONFERENCE Mennomte Gen Conf. Bd For Miss

MENNONITE (KRIMMER BRUEDER-GEMEINDE) Mennonite China Miss Soc

METHODIST EPISCOPAL Methodist Episcopal For Bd Miss

Methodist Epis For Wo Miss, Soc Methodist Epis Ho Bd Miss Methodist Epis Ho Wo Miss Soc

METHODIST EPISCOPAL AFRICAN Methodist Epis African Miss Dept Methodist Epis African Wo Miss Soc Methodist Epis African Wo Mite Soc

METHODIST EPISCOPAL, AFRICAN ZION Methodist Epis ZionMiss Soc Methodist Epis Zwn Wo Miss Soc

METHODIST EPISCOPAL, SOUTH Methodist Epis South Bd Miss

METHODIST, FREE Methodist Free Gen Miss Bd M eth Free Wo For Mm Soc

METHODIST, PRIMITIVE Methodist Primitive For Miss Soc

METHODIST PROTESTANT Methodist Protestant Bd For. Miss Methodist Protestant Wo For Miss Soc

METHODIST, WESLEYAN Methodist Wesleyan Am Miss Soc

METROPOLITAN CHURCH ASSOCIATION Burning Bush Mission

MORAVIAN CHURCH

United Brethren S P G Nazarene Ch , Gen Miss Bd New Jerusalem Ch Bd Miss Pemel Miss. Soc Pentecost Bands of the World JohnG Paton Mission Fund

NAZARENI CHURCH NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH

PENIEL MISSIONS

PENTECOST BANDS OF THE WORLD

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES

34,920 302, 018 &d

49,613 4,632

91,000

740,393 * 56,249mm 54,085

11,876 187,430 a, hh 90,000nn 16,305 10,000

* 57,465 0,00 t 20,000

5,411,768 2,255,740

* 49, 017 a, pp 12,41700,0

30, 711 a, rr 2,421 8,503

31,680 15,680

3, 339,977 a, *«

125, 885 ft 71,443

* 4,000

72,925 60,858

* 51,000

* 5,472

42, 022 o, uu * 229,812 12,722o,i *4,474 13,249 t 540 bx

u The Union does not contribute funds directly to the work of the Friends' boards, but is primarily for the promotion and for the cultivation of missionary interest, giving attention only inci- dentally to the collection of funds and in theory, at least, having nothing to do with the adminis- tration of funds

jl Total income, $49,389

We Contributed to the Santal Mission of the Northern

* Churches 22 Total income, $3,582

wmJTotal income *$200,000

nn Including $50,000 for famine relief in connec- tion with the mission m India

oo Total income, $94,618

pp Total income, $6,255,607.

qq Total income, $1,718 605

rr Total income, $70,220

ss Not including $266,326 for China famine and Near East Eehef Total income, $5,208,441

it Including $1,067 Armenian and famine funds. Not including $18,039 from Canada

uu Total income, $53,415 including $2,102 from Canada

Religious Statistics and Information 405 Table I. Incomes — Continued

Society

Income

PRESBYTERIAN Asso REFORMED Presbyterian Asso Ref Bd For Miss

PRESBYTERUAN, ASSOCIATE SYNOD Presbyterian Associate Church

PRESBYTERIAN, CUMBERLAND Presbyterian Cumberland Wo Bd Miss

PRESBYTERIAN IN THE U S (SOUTH) Presby , Evec Com For Miss (South)

PRESBYTERIAN IN THE U S (NORTH) Presbyterian For Miss Bd

Presby Wo Bd For Mtss , (New York) Presbyterian Home Miss Bd Presbyterian Home Wo Bd Miss

PRESBYTERIAN, REFORMED Presbyterian (Covenanter) Bd For Miss

PRESBYTERIAN, REFORMED GENERAL SYNOD Presbyterian, Reformed, Gen Syn Bd For Miss

PRESBYTERIAN, UNITED

Presbyterian United, Bd For Miss . .

Presbyterian United, Wo Miss Soo

PRESBITERIAN, WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST

REFORMED, CHRISTIAN Reformed Christian, Bd Heathen Miss

REFORMED IN AMERICA Reformed Bd For Miss

Reformed Wo Bd For Mws Reformed, Bd Domestic Miss

REFORMED IN THE U S Reformed Bd For Miss Reformed Wo Miss Soc

SALVATION ARMY Salvation Army

SCANDINAVIAN ALLIANCE candmavian Alliance Miss

SCHWENKFELDERS

Schwcnkfcldcr Ho and For Miss Soc

SWEDISH FREE CHURCH Swedish Evang Free Ch U S of N A

SWEDISH MISSION COVENANT Swedish Evangelical Miss Covenant

UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST United Brethren For Miss Soc United Brethren Wo Miss Assn

UNITED BRETHREN (OLD CONSTITUTION) United Brethren Dom Fro and For Miss United Brethren Wo Miss Assn

UNITED HOLY CHURCH Umted Holy Church, For Miss Dept

UNIVERSALIST

Umversahst General Convention Umversahst Wo Nat'l Miss Assn

INTERDENOMINATIONAL (Excepting Educational) American Bible Society .

American Tract Society . .

Christian Endeavor Union, World's Federal Council of the Churches Federation Wo Bds For Miss For Miss Conf , Comm of Ref and C Latin America Com on Cooperation Lepers' Miss Amer Com Santo Domingo, Bd Christian Work Student Volunteer Movement Sunday School Assn , World's W C T U , World's Y M C A , Internat'l Com For Dept

Princeton Mission Y W C A National Bd For Dept

* 40, 155 1,075 two 4,582aa 1,281,324

4,070,722

1,405,688 145 ,379 a, yy 196,9110,23

97,882 * 8,241

1,037,083 288,504o, &c

23,175

484,334 235,181 2,900o, &/

471,954 171,464

143,694 107,363 1,500 a

71,143

207,116 77,369

* 7,5600, bg

* 2,957 a

2,405

19,376 5,000

362, 111 a, Ih

8,548

9,935a,fy 221,881&fc

yy

"l,375 al 91,500

88,4756m 69,962 3,323

l,037,4636o 27,742 296,287o

OT Total income, $22,314, including receipts from

tow Expended through the Original Secession Church.

of Scotland

xx Including $9,222 for the Building Fund yy Total income, $1,428,044 zz Total income, $1,027,656 be Not including $38,501 from Canada Id Not including $4,335 from Canada. be Total income, $330,753. bf Total income, 475,135,

bg Total income, $11,757

bh Total income, $1,093,826.

bi Total income, $137,001

6; Total income, $11,561

bk This represents amount contributed by Mission Boards and used for reconstruction of churches in France and Belgium, also work m Canal Zone Total income, $528 651

bl No income except from Constituent Societies.

bm Notmcludmg $4,600 from Canada

406

Year Book of the Churches

Table I. Incomes — Continued

Society

Income

INTERDENOMINATIONAL (Educational) Am Umv at Cairo Madras Women's Christian College Fukien Christian Univ , Trustees Nanking Umv , Trustees Peking University Pierson Mem Bib Sch , Seoul Union Miss Med Col for Women Wo Christian Med. Col. Amer Com

INDEPENDENT (Excepting Educational) Africa Inland Mission Algerian Miss. Band Women's Am and For Christian Union Armenia and India Belief Assn Belgian Congo Miss Bible Faith Mission Bolivian Indian Mission, N Y Br Bolivian Indian Miss , Pacific Coast Coun Broadcast Tract Press Central American Mission Ceylon and India Gen Miss , Am C om China Inland Miss Coun for N A Christian Herald Miss Fund Evangel Mission Gospel Miss Soc Harvard Mission . Holiness National Assn , Miss Dept . Inland So American Miss Un International Medical Miss Soc . International Miss Union. Koma Hospital Lebanon Hospital, Am Com* McAll Assn , American Pennsylvania Chr Assn. Umv For Dept Pentecost Faith Mission Rambai Assn , American Santal Miss^, American Com S outhAfnca Gen Miss , Amer Coun South China Boat Miss Stearns' Missionary Fund Sudan United Miss , Am Coun United Free Gospel and Miss Soc Valdensian Aid Society. Wo. Union Miss Soc World's Faith Miss. Assn

INDEPENDENT (Educational) Beirut American Umv , Trustees Canton Christian College, Trustees Constantinople Girls' College, Trustees Gould Ho and Industrial Sch , Rome Mackenzie College, Trustees Robert College, Trustees Yale For Miss Soc

83,549

31,164

18,174 170,540 203,060 bp

* 2,400 63 * 98, 013 &g

* 1,293

114, 953 «?

2,061

4,794

67,3626*

61,683

4,504

* 45,579 22,882ca

152,409

* 22,000 ex a

* 4,141

* 4,429 1,465

23,334

* 3,605 204,663 16,377 3,460 4,264 7,546 68,741

* 22.552&SC 11,557 11,230 57,026 120,168 2,000

222,618

55,145

76, 724

330

173,109 93,800

bp

bn Not including $340 China famine fund, 827,920 Tokyo Conv., $6,500 direct remittances to the field by donors

bo Not including $40 197 from Canada or $27,742 from Princeton University Center China

bp Not including $11,359 from Constituent Societies.

bq In addition to grants from Constituent Societies

br Expended for the support of orphans "who are cared for by the regular missionary societies, but not included m the income of these societies

bs Expended through regular missionary societies

bt No annual report because of disturbed conditions

bu Total income, $87,817

6u The money raised by this society is expended through the Union Free Gospel Missionof China, Pentecostal Assemblies of God, South China Holiness Society, Hunan

bw Funds collected by the society are expended in the support of missionaries under several denom- inations and also for independent missionaries

bx No income from the United States, except a grant from Board Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Chirch, United States of America

ca Not including $733 from Canada

cb Not including $150 from Canada

cd Not including $38,829 from Constituent Societies ,

Religious Statistics and Information 407 Table II. Europe, Excepting Turkey in Europe

	1	83	.3	fl m	If	& §«
SOCIETY	CQ	02	|	I*-!	ll	J
	hp	?	a	a'o.fe	•g n	•fil
	1	1	1	Jig	II	ll
UNITED STATES
TOTALS-UNITED STATES	2,068	6,428	307,532	5,260	7	3,102,174
ADVENTIST, SEVENTH DAY
Adventist, Sev Day, Denom *	1,675	822	60,543	739	7
Assemblies of God, Miss. Dept	2
BAPTIST, NORTHERN CONVENTION Baptist American For Miss Soc		2,796	147,046	195		929,000
BAPTIST, SEVENTH DAY
Baptist Seventh Day Miss Soc BAPTIST, SOUTHERN CONVENTION	6		96
Baptist Southern For Miss Bd	2	39	1,607	574		9,680
BRETHREN, CHURCH OF THE (DUNKER)
Brethren Gen Miss Bd	5	g	242
BRETHREN, PLYMOUTH
Brethren Missionaries*.	4
CHURCH or GOD
Church of God, Miss Bd	58	5
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES
American Bd Comm For Miss	22	125	14,586	1,373		12,375
Wo Bd Miss Interior .	9	30		300
EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION
Evangelical Assn Miss Soc	163		29,207			631,624
METHODIST EPISCOPAL
Methodist Epis For Bd Miss	12	2,571	69,098	232		1,166,162
Meth Epis For Wo Mm Soc	4	1
METHODIST EPISCOPAL SOUTH
Methodist Epis , South Bd Miss	1
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
New Jerusalem Ch , Bd Miss	7	3	600
PENTECOST BANDS OP THE WORLD
Pentecost Bands of the World	2
SALVATION ARMY
Salvation Army	3					.
INTERDENOMINATIONAL
(Excepting Educational)
Amer. Bible Soc	2
Y. M. C A Int'l Com For Dept	4					1,200
INDEPENDENT
(Excepting Educational)
Am and For Christian Union.. .	2		200			5,000
Belgian Gospel Miss	2
INDEPENDENT (EDUCATIONAL)
Gould Ho and Ind. Sch , Rome				60

NOTE —In several cases a Society has been able to furnish a total for one of the column entries, but has been unabl eto give data or make complete distribution of this total for the following subsidiary columns. a Partial report. * 1919-20 latest available 6Est not including 3,219,764 German marks

408

Year Book of the Churches

Table III. Latin America, The West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America

			3			<§
	*s	83	pa	a	s §	o"!
SOCIETY	(2	02	|	ill	li	|^
	5P	>
	o> 1	1	a	IJh	li	11
GRAND TOTALS-CANADA AND U S	2,177	2,775	148,361	58,737	407	$1,113,464
CANADA
TOTALS-CANADA	56	91	430			77,341
BAPTIST
Baptist, Canad For Miss Bd	11
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
Church of England, Miss Soc a	1
PRESBYTERIAN
Presbyterian Church, Canada, Bd. For Miss San Pedro Miss Can Comm	33 11	90 1	430			77,341
INDEPENDENT
(Excepting (Educational) Inland South America Un , Canada	2
San Pedro Miss Canada Com	6
UNITED STATES
TOTALS-UNITED STATES	2,121	2,684	147,931	58,737	40	1,036,123
ADVENTIST, SEVENTH DAY
Adventist, Seventh Day Denom	229	133	16,590	4,062
ASSEMBLIES OF GOD
Assemblies of God, Miss Dept	34	25
BAPTIST, NATIONAL CONVENTION
Lott Carey Bapt For Miss Soc	12
Baptist Nat'l For Miss Bd	15		700
BAPTIST, NORTHERN CONVENTION
Baptist Amer Ho Miss Soc	26	87	7,168	1,015	2	51,850
Bapt , Amer Ho Wo Miss Soc	24	60
BAPTIST, SEVENTH DAY
Baptist, Seventh-Day Miss Soc	2		31
BAPTIST, SOUTHERN CONVENTION
Baptist Southern, For Miss Bd Baptist Southern, Ho Miss Bd *	149 37	315	28,505 2,157	5,411 1,441		318,400 8,476
BRETHREN CHURCH (PROGRESSIVE)
Brethren, For Miss Soc	6	11	200
BRETHREN, PLYMOUTH
Brethren Missionaries* d	44
CHRISTIAN AND Miss ALLIANCE
Christian and Mission Alliance	65	35	2,286			9,172
CHRISTIAN DENOMINATION
Christian Church For Miss Bd	2	7	327	d		652
CHURCH OF GOD
Church of God, Miss Bd	10	80	3,850
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES
American Bd Comm For Miss	17	44	1,694	493	1	2,575
Wo Bd. Miss Interior	3
American Miss Assn	9	11	900	28	2	347
DISCIPLES OF CHRIST
United Christian Misa Soc	48	34	3,644	1,838	1	1,032
EPISCOPAL
Prot Epis Dom For Miss Soc	39	87	7,505
EVANGELICAL SYNOD
Evangelical, For Miss Bd	4
FRIENDS (ORTHODOX)
Friends American Bd For Miss .	42	106		1,410		5,446
Friends California Bd Miss	15	1	1,021	106	1	1,650
HOLINESS CHURCH (INTERN'L APOS )
EoKness International Bd For Miss*	10	14	890			520
LUTHERAN, UNITED
Lutheran Un ,Bd , For Miss	4	12	53	243
Lutheran West Indies Miss Bd	16	11	1,706	440		11,612
MENNONITE AND AMISH MENNONITE
Mennonite Bd Miss and Char	8	6
MENNONITE BRETHREN IN CHRIST
Mennonite Penn Conf Bd For Mission	6	3
METHODIST EPISCOPAL
Methodist Epis For Bd Miss	203	418	11,655	7,864	11	208,610
Methodist Epis For Wo Mm Soc	44	86		2,581
Method Epis Ho Bd Miss	10	31	3,041			2,461
Method Epis Ho Wo Miss Soc .	9	12	20	398	1
METHODIST EPISCOPAL, AFRICAN
Meth Epis. African Miss Dept	28	7	2,197	650		1,655

Religious Statistics and Information 409

Table IIL Latin America, The West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America-— Continued

SOCIETY	1 m 1 &	Native Staff	1 I 0	|	SI II &&	Contributions for 11 Church Work j
METH EPIS AFRICAN ZION
Method Epis ZionMiss Soc	9	5	734	80	,	3,124
METHODIST EPISCOPAL, SOUTH
Methodist Epis South Bd Miss	173	102	21,137	5,862	5	233,139
METHODIST, FREE
Methodist Free Gen Miss Bd	11	20	146	33		174
Primitive Methodist	4	3
MORAVIAN CHURCH
Moravian Church	63	75	18,120	10,865
NAZARENE CHURCH
Nazarene Ch Gen Miss Bd	20	30	383	56	1	545
PENIEL MISSIONS
Pemel Miss Soc	3	*12
PENTECOST BANDS OP THE WORLD
Pentecost Bands of the World	2
PRESBYTERIAN, Asso REFORMED
Presbyterian Asso Ref Bd For Miss	4	11		250	1	,,
PRESBY IN THE U S (SOUTH)
Presby,Exec Com For Miss (South)	78	62	6,067	1,747	1	28,241
PRESBY IN THE U S (NORTH)
Presbyterian For Miss Bd	188	308	3,613	3,927	6
Presbyterian Home Miss Bd	104	97	4,408	&S78		31,045
Presby Home Wo Bd Misb	34	72	• *.	2,085	4	. .
REFORMED IN AMERICA
Reformed Bd Domestic Miss	2		60			t
SALVATION ARMY
Salvation Army	4					• ,
SCANDINAVIAN ALLIANCE
Scandnavian Alliance Miss	19	6		75	30	4,827
UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST
United Brethren For Miss Soc	7	18	1,587	7		3,780
INTERDENOMINATIONAL
(Excepting Educational) American Bible Society	27	89
Santo Domingo Bd Christian Work	10	4			.	,
Sunday School Assn , World's	4					.
Y M C A Int Com For Dept	60					,
Y W C A Natl Bd For Dept	21
INDEPENDENT
(Excepting Educational) Bolivian Ind Miss,N YBr**
Bolivian Indian Miss , Pacific Coast Br	15
Central American Mission
Inland So Amer Miss Un	24					* * *
Steams' Missionary Fund						.
INDEPENDENT (Educational)
Mackenzie College, Trustees	17	42		1,110

410

Year Book of the Churches

Table IV. Non-Christian World, Turkey in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania.

			1		Is	i
SOCIETY	1	1	si	il	ii	II II
	£	1	6	M&«	f§£	00
GRAND TOTALS-CANADA AND U. S	13,40	64,554	939,482	665,577	1,53	$1,566,534
CANADA
TOTALS-CANADA	1,016	1,288	21,468	12,826	50	88,603
BAPTIST
Baptist, Canadian For Miss Bd	108		15,189
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
Church of England, Miss Soc	72	50			3
CONGREGATIONAL
Congregational Can For Miss Soc	14	70	500		4	300
Congregational Canadian Wo. Bd Miss	9
HOLINESS
Holiness Movement Church	17	56	1,800	400		5,000
METHODIST
Methodist Ch , Can , Miss Soc	297	518	2,712	8,866	16	17,944
Methodist Ch Canada Wo Miss Soc	71	264	284		3	4,651
PRESBYTERIAN
Presbyterian Ch , Canada Bd For. Miss INTERDENOMINATIONAL	280	219	11,267	3,570	35	18,405
(Excepting Educational)
Y. W C A , Canada, For Dept	6
INTERDENOMINATIONAL
(Educational)
Wo. Christian Med Col , Toronto Com c	9
INDEPENDENT
(Excepting Educational) Ceylon and India Gen Miss , Can Br. c	*2
China Inland Miss , Toronto Off c	*60
Sudan Interior Miss *	67	30
UNITED STATES
TOTALS-UNITED STATES	12,385	63,103	918,014	652,741	981	1,479,931
ADVENT CHRISTIAN
Advent, American Miss. Soc	21	61	1,10	1,000	2
Advent, Wo Ho and For Miss c	10	7		1,032	2
ADVENTIST, SEVENTH DAY Adventist, Sev Day Denom *	1,498	1,378	23,428	14,671
ASSEMBLIES OF GOD
Assemblies of God, Miss Dept	194	15
BAPTIST CHURCHES
BAPTIST, GENERAL
Baptist, Gen For Miss Soc	2	2
BAPTIST, NATIONAL CONVENTION
Lott Carey, Bapt For Miss Soc	18		905	600		400
Baptist National For Miss Bd	15	175	50,241	1,450		2,245
BAPTIST, NORTHERN CONVENTION
Baptist Amer For. Miss Soc	836	7,369	203,586	103,260	82	119,239
Baptist Amer For Wo Mm Soc	246	2,672	3,180	53,089	46
BAPTIST, SCANDINAVIAN
Baptist, Scandinavian Denom	17	38	1,600	9		700
BAPTIST, SEVENTH DAY
Baptist, Seventh Day Miss Soc	16	20	124	241	2	* , .
BAPTIST, SOUTHERN CONVENTION
Baptist South, For Miss Bd BRETHREN, CHURCH OP THE (DUNKER)	308	838	35,139	21,177	25	137,155
Brethren Gen Miss Bd	100	323	3,216	3,505	6	924
BRETHREN CHURCH (PROGRESSIVE)
Brethren For, Miss. Soc	14	5	19
BRETHREN IN CHRIST (DUNEGRS)
Breth in Christ For Miss Bd	33	34	597	1,826
BRETHREN, PLYMOUTH Brethren Missionaries* , ...	57
CHRISTIAN AND Miss ALLIANCE
Christian and Miss Alliance	339
CHRISTIAN DENOMINATION
Christian Ch For Miss Bd	10	16	1,330	d		1,671
CHURCH OF GOD
Church of God For. Miss Bd	9	25	1,562			7 425
CHURCHES OF GOD, GENERAL ELDERSHIP
Churches of God, Miss Bd	9	25	130	200	1

Religious Statistics and Information 411

Table IV. Non-Christian World, Turkey in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania— Continued

						S
	1	3	1	S*« g	Is	H
SOCIETY	t/2	02	i	*£ ®*s	*i 1	^ES
	bfi	E	l	'i go	at	ll
	1	"S	6	119	IP	66
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES
Amer Bd Comm For Miss	668	5,368	525,245	89,631	76	123,945
Wo Bd Miss Interior	95	409		5,000	8
Wo Bd Miss Pacific	11				3
DISCIPLES OF CHRIST
United Christian Miss Soc	251	1,345	21,744	9,125	Q 35	3,947
EPISCOPAL
Prot Epis Dom and For Miss Soc	326	1,740	15,614	17,582	8	123,709
EPISCOPAL, REFORMED
Reformed Epis Bd For Miss *	4	20		200	4
EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION
Evangelical Assn Miss Soc	37	47	1,592	753	3	5,657
EVANGELICAL, UNITED
Evangelical Un Ho and For Miss Soc	42	111	1,031	1,556	4	4,683
EVANGELICAL SYNOD
Evangelical For Miss Bd	13	212	1,811	3,213	6	a 1,155
FRIENDS (ORTHODOX)
Friends Phila For Miss Assn	13	7	Ji 122	h 168		755
Friends American Bd For Miss	28	127		10,650	6	1,500
Friends Ohio For Miss Soc	12	63	614		1
HEPHZIBAH FAITH Miss ASSN
Hephzibah Faith Miss Assn *	16
HOLINESS CHURCH, INTERNATIONAL
Holiness International Bd For Miss *	25	145	1,000	305	2	451
LUTHERAN BRETHREN
Lutheran Brethren, Bd Miss	20	20	309	393		1,000
LUTHERAN, DANISH UNITED
Luth. Danish United Miss Bd	6	18	140	35		2,000
LUTHERAN FREE CHURCH
Lutheran Free Church Bd Miss	29	134	653	376	3	694
LUTHERAN, JOINT SYNOD OF OHIO
Luth Ohio Syn Bd For Miss	15	181	1,441	2,858	3 2	334
LUTHERAN, NORWEGIAN
Lutheran, Norw Bd For Miss	159	637	6,553		6	5,670
LUTHERAN SYNOD OF IOWA
Lutheran, Iowa, Bd For Miss	70	366	5,600	6,127	1	3,390
LUTHERAN SYNOD, CONFERENCE Lutheran Missouri Synod Bd For Miss	71	255	755	5,100	2	702
LUTHERAN, UNITED
Lutheran Un Bd For Miss	167
LUTHERAN AUGUSTANA
Lutheran Augustana China Miss Soc LUTHERAN INTER-SYNODICAL	35	43	584	3	2	350
Luth Inter-Synodical Orient Miss Soc	8	^
MENNONITE AND AMISH MENNONITE
Menn Bd Miss and Chanties	23	133	1,200	932	6	263
REFORMED IN AMERICA
Reformed Bd For Miss	159	826	8,396	18,749	042	21,292
REFORMED IN THE U S
Reformed Bd For. Miss , .	104	325	4,699	2,845	8	16,087
SALVATION ARMY
Salvation Army	29
SCANDINAVIAN ALLIANCE
Scandinavian Alliance Miss	110	219	4,510	1,047	2	....
SCHWENKFELDERS
Schw&nkfdder Ho and POT Miss* Soc t	2
SWEDISH MISSION COVENANT
Swedish Evan Miss Covenant .	42	130	2,042	2,172	7
UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST
United Brethren For. Miss Soc	70	196	7,318	2,465	10	18,755
UN. BRETHREN (OLD CONSTITUTION)
Un Brethren Dom Fro. and For Miss . .	5	3	55	90	2	450
UNITED HOLY CHURCH
United Holy Church, For. Miss Dept . ...	4	1
UNTVERSALIST
Umversahst Gen Convention*	8	8		2,177
Unwersahst Wo Nafl Miss Asm	4	1		a 100

412

Year Book of the Churches

Table IV. Non-Christian World, Turkey in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania — Continued

	§	sa _rt	1		li	£ 11
SOCIETY	02		1	-a's-a	"1 §	jjpc
		0
	s	> 43	a	"3 SO	H&	"3 s
	&	1	s u	wl5	WP	66
INTERDENOMINATIONAL
(Excepting Educational) American Bible Society*	10	82
Sunday School Assn , World's	14	3
Y M C A International Com For Dept	284
Y. W C A Nat Bd For Dept	117
INTERDENOMINATIONAL
(Educational)
Am. Umv at Cairo	10	11		209
Madras Women's Christ Col *bc	8	1		120
Fukien Christian Umv Trustees	#22	12		119
Nanking Umv Trustees v	72	97		744	2
Peking Univ	31	16		221
Union Miss Med Coll for Women be*	4	2		55	4
INDEPENDENT
(Excepting Educational) Africa Inland Mission	121	437	1,428	2,600		a 1,218
Algerian Miss Band	2
Bible Faith Mission		120	850	1,400
China Inland Miss Coun for N A t	60
Evangel Mission	8	22	326	120		501
Harvard Mission	2
Holiness National Assn , Miss Dept	21	50	a 1,000	700		t
Koma Hospital s	2				1
Perm Chr Assn Umv For Dept	be 2			229	4
Pentecost Faith Mission	8			25
Santal Mission, Amer Com t	1
So Af Gen Miss . Am Coun t	39
Wo. Union Miss Soc	31	142		a 1,520
INDEPENDENT (EDUCATIONAL)
American Umv of Beirut, Trustees	61	61		866	6
Canton Christian Col , Trustees	57	59		876	1
Constantinople Girls' Col , Trus
Eobert College, Trustees	61	43		605
Yale For Miss Soc	73	7		400	2
MENNONITE BRETHREN
Menn Brethren Ch For Miss *	9	127	2,200	500	2
MENNONITE BRETHREN IN CHRIST
Mennomte Pmn Conf Bd For Miss I	28
MENNONITE, CONF OF DEFENSELESS Congo Inland Miss	14		200	500	2	a 50
MENNONITE, GENERAL CONFERENCE
Menn Gen Conf Bd For Miss	27	90	905	750	4
MENNONITE (KRIMMER BRUEDERGEMEINDE)
Mennomte China Miss Soc	34	68	373	600	2	300
METHODIST EPISCOPAL
Methodist Epis For Bd Miss	952	18,151	191,584	119,635	111	591,764
Methodist Epis For Wo Miss Soc	648	4,700		42,235	24
METHODIST EPISCOPAL, AFRICAN Meth Epis. African Miss Dept	2	75
METHODIST EPIS AFRICAN ZION
Methodist Epis ZionMiss Soc	43	23	4,959	1,878		2,700
METHODIST EPISCOPAL, SOUTH Methodist Epis South Bd Miss	322	383	24,624	18,182	8	67,924
METHODIST, FREE
Methodist Free Gen Miss Bd	81	282	2,966	2,849	8	o 3,389
METHODIST PROTESTANT
Methodist Prot Bd For Miss	13	141	3,013	1,845	4
Meth Prot Wo For Miss Soc *	13	66		709	1
METHODIST, WESLETAN
Meth. Wesleyan Am Miss Soc	26				1
METROPOLITAN CHURCH ASSN.
Burning Bush Mission	8					486
NAZARENE CHURCH
Nazarene Ch , Gen Miss Bd	66	93	571	450	7	1,762
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
New Jerusalem. Cit Bd Miss	4
PENEBL MISSIONS
PenielMiss Soc	8

Religious Statistics and Information 413

Table IV. Non-Christian World, Turkey in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania — Continued

SOCIETY	•a a 1	02 "S	<a 2 a o	|||	"a =? f !	ontnbutiona for hutch Work
	P=<	Jz;	0	Wc8<i	WQ	OO
PENTECOST BANDS OF THE WORLD
Pentecost Bands of the World	13	24	422	284		29
PRESBYTERIAN, Asso REFORMED
Pre&b Asso Ref Bd For Miss	8	24	*400	100	3	*550
PRESBYTERIAN, CUMBERLAND
Presby Cumb Wo Bd Miss		25	a 600	465		596
PRESBYTERIAN IN THE U S (SOUTH)
Presby , Exec Com For Miss (South)	385	1,295	38,767	34,097	56	54,028
PRESBYTERIAN IN THE U S (NORTH)
Presbyterian For Miss Bd	1,392	7,860	180,793	97,394	187
PRESBYTERIAN, REFORMED
Presbyterian (Covenanter), Bd For Miss	46	54	944	a 1,007	8	715
PRESBYTERIAN. REF GEN SYNOD,
Presby Ref Gen Syn Bd For Miss	3	18	45		1	80
PRESBYTERIAN, UNITED
Presby United Bd For Miss .	328	1,677	53,268	29,711	25	102,844
Presby United Wo Miss Soc	139	104			15
PRESBYTERIAN, WELSH, CALVINISTIC METHODIST
REFORMED CHRISTIAN
Reformed, Christian, Bd For Miss .	7

HOME MISSION STATISTICS

(From Report of Home Missions Council and Council of Women for

Home Missions)

A full statistical statement of the Home Mission work of the coun- try is at present impossible to give. Apart from the ordinary diffi- culties of preserving and reporting accurately and fully the data of all expenditures in large and diversified operations, difficulties due chiefly to the personal equation, especially in cases involving much voluntary service, the difficulties in the Home Mission field are multi- plied and intensified by the fact that the field itself is divided.

1. Denominational Home Mission Societies, technically so named, are but a part of the agencies employed. ^

2. In addition to Home Mission Societies, and distinct from them, some denominations have Church Erection Boards, Publication and Sunday School Societies, Freedmen's Bureaus, Social Service Com- missions, Boards of Education, and other organizations doing de- nominational Home Mission work.

3. Each denomination has also, in lesser areas than the nation, organizations supplementing the work of the larger Home Mission agencies, as in States, dioceses, synods, conferences, conventions, districts, associations, presbyteries, counties, cities, towns, villages, and parishes.

4. Every local church, in proportion as it seeks to minister broadly to its environment, is a Home Mission agency, and those parts of its expenditures which are local and yet are not for self-maintenance, are essentially Home Missionary in character.

5. Then there are great interdenominational agencies in the Home Mission field, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Women's Christian Association, the Bible Societies, the Tract Socie- ties, the Salvation Army, and similar bodies.

6. A host of organizations, charitable, philanthropic, educational, and civic, supplement the work of the Church.

7. The Government itself, of nation, State, and municipality, also contributes to efforts supplementing the Home Mission work of the Church.

414 Year Book of the Churches

For a complete statement, the expenditures- and activities of all these varied agencies would need to be assembled. This has never been done. The following tables, therefore, while complete in their way, are but partial, and partial too, because not all organizations, which can, report as they should.

HOME MISSION COUNCIL

NAME OF DENOMINATION AND ORGANIZATION

1 Adventist— American Advent Missionary Society

2 Baptist— American Baptist Home Mission Society

3 American Baptist Publication Society

4 Women's American Baptist Home Mission Society

5 Home Mission Board, Southern Baptist Convention

6 Scandinavian Independent Baptist

7 Brethren— General Mission Board, Church of the Brethren

8 Christian — Mission Board of the Christian Church

9 Congregational— American Missionary Association

10 Congregational Church Building Society

11 Congregational Home Missionary Society

12 Congregational Education Society

13 Congregational Sunday School Extension Society

14 Disciples of Christ— "United Christian Missionary Society

15 Church Erection Department U CMS

16 Evangelical— Missionary Society, Evangelical Association

17 Woman's Missionary Society, Evangelical Association

18 Home and Foreign Missionary Society, United Evangelical Church

19 Home Mission Board, Evangelical Synod of N A

20 Friends— Five Years Meeting, Friends m America

21 Lutheran — United Lutheran Church m America

22 Evangelical Lutheran, Joint Synod of Ohio and other States

23 Evangelical Synod of Iowa and other States

24 Buffalo Synod

25 Augustana Synod

26 Norwegian Lutheran Church

27 Lutheran Free Church

28 Eielsen Synod

29 United Danish Church

30 Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church

31 Suom Synod (Finnish)

32 Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, OHIO and other States

33 \Jomt Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan and other States

34 Synodical Conference

35 Norwegian Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church

36 Slovak Synod

37 West Indies Mission Board, United Lutheran Church m America

38 Woman's Miss Soc Augustana Synod, Evan Lutheran Church of N A

39 Methodist— Eased of Education for Negroes of the Methodist Episcopal Church

40 Home and Foreign Missionary Dept , Atncan M E Churhh ,

41 Women's Home Missionary Society, M E Church

42 Board of Church Extension, M E Church, South

43 Board of Missions, M E Church, Soufli, Home Dept

44 Woman's Dept Methodist Episcopal Church, South

45 General Mission Board, Free Methodist Church

46 Board of Home Missions, Methodist Protestant Church

47 Missionary Society, Wesleyan Methodist Connection of America

48 Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, M E Church

49 Moravian— Board of Church Extension, American Moravian Church

50 Pres&jrferwm— Board of Home Missions, Presbyterian Church, USA

51 Board of Missions for Freedmen, Presbyterian Church, USA

52 Presbyterian Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work

53 Board of Church Erection Fund, Gen Assembly, Presbyterian Church, U S, A

54 Executive Committee of Home Missions, Presbyterian Church, U S

55 Presbyterian Committee of Publication, Southern Presbyterian Church

56 Board of Home Missions, United Presbyterian Church of N A

57 Board of Church Extension, United Presbyterian Church of N A

58 Associate Reformed Presbyterian Synod of the South

59 Protestant Episcopal— Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society

60 Reformed— Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church in America

61 Board of Home Missions, Reformed Church m U S .

62 Board of Missions, Christian Reformed Church

63 United Brethren— Home Miss Soc United Brethren m Christ ... .

64 Umversahst— Umversahst General Convention

65 Women's National Missionary Association, Umversahst Church

66 Miscellaneous— American Bible Society

67 American Seamen's Friend Society

68 American Tract Society

69 General Convention of the New Jerusalem Church

70 Mennomte Board of Missions andChanties

Religious Statistics and Information 415

		j	^	J	,|	1	«,
	|||	ll	ili	1!	ill	1	ill!	ill
	t*WPH	fr<\	pH^Opq	SpRfS	SftnW	fc	OcoSo	OfMPQ
1	Sept 30, 1920	56,066 17					4,644 13
2	Apr 30 1921	1,537,482 18		265	660	75	288,648 77	185,662 58
3	Apr 30, 1922	5,782 00		6
4	May 1, 1921	483,404 00		290	61	51
5	Apr 20, 1921	1,793,791 15		263	175		2,680 00
6	Dec 31, 1921	9,000 00	1,000 00	3	4			550 00
7	Mar 1, 1922	13,038 25	195,000 00
8	Oct, 1, 1921	54,634 07	10,000 00	4	26	1	14,23707	6,000 00
9	Sept 30, 1921	670,158 00		489	174		43,000 00
10	*							544,781 00
11	Mar 31 1921	286,445 00		1,444				m
12	June 1, 1921	161,579 46
13	Dec 31,1921	86,395 00		7	61
14	Sept 30,1921	394,000 00	322,513 00	240	100		68,763 13	526,080 00
15	June 30, 1921							462,580 00
16	Aug 31,1921	274,250 00	192,75000	12	510	3	2,029,791 00	35,000 00
17	June, 1921	45,083 44		5			16,540 30	12,798 00
18	Oct 1, 1921	120,635 00	81,635 00	1	282
19	Jan 31, 1922	85,000 00		15	7		70,000 OC	8,000 00
20	Mar 31,1921	43,306 30		15	3	5	14,836 61
21	1920	470,218 33		394			345,059 95	28,673,09
22	1921	111,925 54		115			82,090,24	, 12,765,31
23	1920	201,301 17		98			107,924 33	,« 93,376 84
24	1919	6,095 09		2
25		198,842 87		60
26	*	263,998 00		360
27	*	46,000 00		40
28	1920	2,280 00
29	1920	12,089 00		6			4,050 00
30	1920	414,000 00		65			280,000 00
31	1920	7,000 00		8
32	1920	586,571 98		711			311,720 55	165,961 00
33	1921	183,000 00		85
34	*	93,737 03		88
35	*	3,806 00		5
36	*	95,245 00		25
37	Apr 30,1921	75,451 31		4		109
38	July 31, 1921	37,113 00	12,348 61	13	2	15
39 ,	June 30, 1921	817,588 26
40	1922	13,721 76
41	July 31,1922	1,417,996 00	421,125 00	" 550	523	16
42	Mar. 31, 1921	799,594 14						799,594 14
43	Dec. 31,1921	872,000 00		"*195	355	40	""S,* 500 00	. .
44	Jan 1, 1920	241,554 54	' 25,000 00	35	20	6
45	Sept 30, 1921	7,410 00		7	5	9		2,793 00
46	May 1, 1921	12,000 00		3	3
47	Dec. 31,1921	23,565 00		4	11
48	Oct, 31, 1921	5,756,569 00		510	5,257	115	2, 295, '824 00	2, 759, 473 '00
49	Ocfc 31, 1921	13,673 00	13,413 14		31		8,655 00	4,868 00
50	Mar 31, 1921	1,854,674 00	1,727,478 00	1,692	1,216		870,401 00
51	Mar 31,1921	345,814 00	378,506 00	7	674	76	115,271 44	20,000 00
52	*	513,139 24
53	Mar 31,1921	1,013,283 00						1,013,283 00
54	Mar 31,1921	53,832 00		152	457		32,696 00	54,511 00
55	Apr. 1921	120,000 00		26	24
56	Mar 31,1921	281,000 00		96	223
57	Apr. 30,1921	64,720 36	275,229 17					269,203 00
58	Mar 31, 1922	54,000 00	2,000 00	* ' 2	' 26	4
59	Dec 31,1921	1,514,123 00		298	510	116	674,957 00	91,90000
60,	Apr 30,1921	419,982 09		67	212	20	108,846 48	53,428 84
61	June 30, 1921	200,000 00	5,000 00	10	155	125	100,000 00	198,000 00
62	Dec 31, 1921	133,000 00		21	6	6	18,193 00	7,004 38
63	Mar 31,1921	80,000 00		100	34
64	Sept 30, 1921	26,210 76		3	22	4	10 ,"449 04	3,493 20
65	Sept. 15, 1921	12,11000	250 00	3	6		50000
66 .	Dec 31,1921	605,480 00		32	128
67	Mar. 31, 1921	91,134 16	91,13416
68	Mar 31,1921	56,467 33		1	' 22
69	May 1,1921	8,000 00		1	6		" 11, 600 00
70. .	July 31, 1921	23,021 00		25	11
	Total	26,374,387 01	3,754,382 08	8,978	12,072	796	7,936,879 04	7,369,779 38

416

Year Book of the Churches

				B		g
	-3 "3	d	1	1	S	JM
	2 S	1 *	I	"S	8	"s &
	d OH	ll	1	1	£	<§!
1 2 ..	40,922 65	26,576 63			21,894 00	1 13,785 00
3 4		22,280 00	114,364 00		64,132 00	t 9,224 00
5	121,472 75	12,294 38	67,338 28	55,119 17	11,968 56
6	3,000 00
7
8			2,800 00		3,597 00
9		37,521 50		20,992 00	267,713 00	23,000 00
10
11	14,800 00		61, 710 00	4,28000	4,275 00
12 13 14	2,500 00 4,352 45	500 00 23, 166 66	1,500 00 20,701 32	5,00000 47,88747	3,250 00 69,217 00	500 00 13,430 74
15
16			7,50000
17
18
19
20		3,800 00			6,650 00
21			21,681 95
22					17,069 99
23
24
25 9ft			10,099 54
*D 27
28
30
31
32			70825	10,887 47	97,294 71
33
34				93,737 03
35
36
37
38 39
40
41		29,992 00	13,935 00	113,545 00	142,718 00	26,205 00
42
43		50,000 00	15,000 00	150,000 00	140,000 00	30,000 00
44			2,100 00	35,513 25	15,125 14	12,655 00
45				9500		3,000 00
46				8,000 00		1,500 00
47	20,000 00	575 00		1,250 00	1,240 00
48	97,600 00	35,025 00	311,392 00	90,178 00	413,970 00	33,992 00
49		3,22743			626 75
50		92,518 00	72,91000	73,07700
51
52
53
54	24,798 00	5,009 00		201,250 00	31,260 00
55
56	2,000 00		32,49000	51,976 00
57
58
59		112,695 00	37,890 00	63,56700	192,845 00	4, 600 00
60		57,526 42	9,015 01	50,446 47	12,281 74	6,700 00
61	20,000 00	5,000 00	20,00000		1,000 00	8,00000
62	20,000 00	65,433 00	6,000 00
63
64	10,401 47
65					125 00
66					25,500 00
67
68		1,800 00
69 .
70		23,021 00
	381,847 32	607,961 02	829,135 35	1,076,800 86	1,543,752 89	196,591 74

Religious Statistics and Information 417

	ja g	Jj.			1 3*
	13 3 S §3		•1	3		S?	i
		OfSfS	1	1	PM	1	1
1
2	15,883 00		1,138 88			22,095 95	35,701 59
3 ..
4			9,500 00			10,380 00	31,723 00
5 .,,....						70,976 15
($		300 00
7 J '
g	16,197 50			6,500 00
10
11	2,000 00		900 00
12
13	1,200 00	500 00	250 00
14	9,606 85				115,834 69		34,034 42
15
16
17	15,745 14
18
19		1,000 00
20
21		10,559 35
22
24
25 .
26
27
28
29 on
Oil 31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41	56,458 00	2,500 00	39,395 00	8,395 00
42
43	60,000 00
44	28,312 00	7,522 00
45	1,000 00
46
47
48	195,282 00		12,500 00	86,390 00
49			21,859 25
50	75,000 00		48,755 00			61,500 00
51
52
53
54	47,381 00	68,879 00	4,112 00
55
56
57
58
59		650 00	64,889 00	30,940 00	81,170 00		52,958 00
60
61
62
63	4,000 00
64
65 .
66
67
68 .	2,363 12
69					3,000 00
70
	530,428 61	91,910 95	203,299 13	132,225 00	200,004 69	164,952 10	154,417 01

418

Year Book of the Churches

		oJ	•8		H I	§	*<*
		0	ji	1	64 fl of	43	jai £<3
	§	&	oB	rt 3 o	2 43*^	JL-B	5 jg"|3
						s § »
	-g	a	US	§ %§ B	2^g	'§Ji 1	?"§ 0
	E§	j	£	aS'SiB	fSSfe	3&8	fa^
1 .
2 .	31,314 08	38,354 68		542,122 86	10,448 51	50,684 94	212,248 05
3					506 36
4	14,532 00	13,888 00		41,240 00	35,750 00	34,100 00	57,388 00
5					11,815 71	36,430 07
6			100 00	200 00	350 00	1,000 00	850 00
7 .					2,000 00	5,000 00	1,000 00
8				1,200 00	800 00	5,000 00	11,000 00
9 . .	30,300 00	1,880 00		363,708 00	12,300 00	96,450 00
10 ,.					3,769 00
11					12,877 00	45,450 00	4,17800
12				52, 198 82	83,79449	16,487 11
13				585 11	2,000 00	8,184 00	2,000 00
14 .	17,203 96	51,897 28	80,770 37				243,285 15
15
16					1,000 00	18,500 00	4,000 00
17
18					2,600 00	2,785 00
19			500 00		500 00	5,000 00
20					1,086 90	4,11493	' 12,817 86
21	64,243 99
23 . '
25 . '.
26..
27
29 !".
30 . .	134,000 00
31
32
33
34
35
36
37 .
38	21,80782						23,928 83
39					4,110 13	26,040 84	232,895 66
40 .					3,732 68		10,727 85
41..	14,394 00				12,10000	77,828 00	469,960 00
42
43					500 00	30,000 00
44				90,634 59	14,400 00	38,150 08	34,019 00
45 .		525 00
46 .				2,000 00	120 00	400 00
47			500 00
48	78,009 00			6,000 00	19,960 00	224,291 00	535,530 00
49		34,803 94			100 00	50 00
50 .	88,667 00				78,411 00	111,905 00	281,530 00
51 . .				30,542 86	16,042 40	23,958 86
52. .			513,139 24			18,472 60
53					25,802 00	57,157 00
54 . ..						30,948 00	37,479 00
55 ..			75,000 00		12,500 00	7,500 00	25,000 00
56			12,000 00		8,933 00	10,896 00	1,800 00
57						5,306 74
58			4,000 00	5,000 00		25,000 00
59	48,702 00	14,685 00		170,585 00	6,500 00	45,171 00	42,'962 00
60				1,000 00	20,289 00	30,175 39	70,272 54
61				1,000 00	11,000 00	24,000 00	10,000 00
62		16,833 55
63					1,200 00	7,500 00
64 .				1,867 06
65			100 00		3,500 00	6,440 00	11900
C6 .					36,496 00	50,484 00
67					5,306 53
68		2,195 07				30,257 61	19,851 53
69						3,500 00
70 . .
	543,173 85	175,062 52	686,109 61	,309,884 29	462,600 80	,214,617 67	,344,842.48

Religious Statistics and Information 419

STATISTICS

Women's Boards of Home Missions Constituent to the Council of Women for Home Missions

So many requests for statistics of the Women's Boards have been received during the past year that the following pages have been compiled in an endeavor to provide the information desired.

Owing to the varied relation the Women's Boards bear to the Gen- eral Boards of the several denominations any compilation must con- tain apparent inaccuracies and unjust comparisons. Some of the Women's Boards are entirely independent, others are auxiliary to the General Board or Boards of the denomination; and while some of the latter can easily differentiate gifts, other auxiliary Boards cannot specify what part of the statistics of the General Board may properly be recorded as from the Women's Board. Then there is the Board com- posed of men and women on an equal basis. The financial statistics of this Board will be found on the preceding pages. Statistics of Boards which did not reply are, of necessity, unrecorded.

Some Boards are constituted to carry on both Home and Foreign Missions; also the line of demarcation is not always drawn at the same place. One denomination regards Central America and Mexico as Home Missions, while another regards Porto Rico or Santo Domingo as Foreign Missions, and so gifts for work in these islands by that Board are omitted.

Some Boards consider every female member of the church a member of the missionary society and do not hazard to report a stated num- ber, some base membership upon actual gifts or attendance at meet- ings of the local societies.

The figures recorded are those reported by the Boards and no re- sponsibility is assumed for their accuracy. A norm was sought for differentiation of types and areas of service, but as the Boards record their work under varying designations and appellations the ideal may not have been ^ attained in this first year of record. Suggestions and constructive criticisms are invited.

420 Year Book of the Churches

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS CONSTITUENT BOARDS

1 Baptist — Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society

2 Christian — Woman's Board foi Home Missions of the Chustian Chmc.li

3 Congregational — The Congiegational Woman's Home Missionary Federation. . .

4 Disciples of Chtist — United Christian Missionaiy Society . ,

5 Evangelical — The Woman's Missionary Society of the Evangelical Association

0 Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the United Evangelical Church . ... .

7 Ft lends — Woman's Missionary Union of Fuends in America

8 Lutheran — Women's Missionaiy Society of the United Lutheran Church in

America ^ . .

9 Methodist — Woman's Connectional Missionary Society of the Colored Methodist

Episcopal Church . .

10 Women's Foreign Missionary Society, Free Methodist Church ....

11 Woman's Home Missionaiy Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church

12 Woman's Missionary Council, Methodist Episcopal Church, South .

13 Presbyteiutn — Women's Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Church m Canada

(Western Division) . ... ... . . .

14 The Woman's Auxiliary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S

15 Woman's Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U S. A

16 Woman's General Missionary Society, United Presbyterian Church of North

America ... ...

17 Protestant Episcopal— Woman's Auxiliary to the Presiding Bishop and Council,

Protestant Episcopal Church

18 Ref aimed — Women's Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church in America

19 Woman's Missionary Society of the General Synod of the Reformed Church in

the US... . ...

20 United Bietfaen—ThQ Women's Missionary Association of the United Brethren

in Christ .

Religious Statistics and Information 421

		|	!			1 "S 3	1	"H	||	I
	-3	1	1 I	1	1 1 £ »9	^	CQ ft	CT3	c-g	1
1	a w g	|||	sJJ III	l||	III	l|	ll	3.2 II	If	69
Apr. 30 1921	3,763	221,445	2,680	34,079	1,127	25,148	316	46
2	Oct 1, 1921	300	5,000	200	2,000				2
3	*
4	*	3,374	124,255	876	17,439	1,991	33,039
5	May 31, 1921	730	22,373	1,324	42,657	494	12,797	5	18
6	Oct 1, 1921	447	14,883	148	5,012	283	8,059
7	July 1921
S	*		49,311
9	*	3,700
10	*		11,466	176	3,002	421	8,820
11	July 31, 1921	5,532	277,945	434	64,326	3,322	115,888	550	523	18
12	Jan 1921	5,446	145,798	1,630	33,965	4,285	93,736	32
13	Dec. 1920	1,500	41,924	141		1,000	25,592	250
14	*		72,300
15	Mar 31,1921	5,482	217,693	5,409		2,640		402	21	61
16	*		25,242		9,739		11,731
17	*	4,000						200
18	*
19	May 9,1921	650	21,170	640	24,308	205	5,803	22
20	Apr, 1, 1921 Total	912	32,788	1,965	76,054	733	24,747		135	148
35,836	1,283,593	15,623	312,611	16,501	365,360	1,177	745

422

Year Book of the Churches

			CQ	1
		•fi	T3 S	§	r- t>»
		*	03 00	di	9 g		la S
	2	J	2	1	••§•§	1	a|
	1	I	1	o	ll	S	t§5
1	483,404			204,531	110,249
2 .	12,000	10,000			2,500
3 .	t
4 ..	*
5	47,635	36,522	8,867
6 .		11,256			289
7
8 ,
9
10
11	3,347,996	1,417,996	1,930,000	421,125	115,431	275,115	37,494
12	241,554	241,554	202,620		78,871
13		353,630
14 .	t
15 ..	1,111,282	732,198	230,000
16 .
17 ..	t
18 . .
19 ..	86, 765	15,038	29,140	1,684	10,007		489
20 .		80,000	30,000		2,000
	5,330,636	2,898,194	2,430,627	627,340	319,347	275,115	37,983

t Auxiliary to General Board.

J United General and Woman's Board.

Religious Statistics and Information 423

	1	mation and lotion 1		*3 M		1 C5 1	i	3	j
	1	W&	1	1	3	a S	|	|	1
1	34,100	35,750	9,500		22,280				64,132
2	1,000					100			2,500
4
5	2,247
6						100		4,717
7					150			200	150
8
9
10
11	89,928		36,895	8,395	29,492	1,000	8,385	87,975	98,698
12	11,000							35,513	15,125
13
14
15	62,345	48,710	49,468		117,014	7,644	60,368	264,195
16
17
18
19	5,032				2,740	50			959
20 .
	205,652	84,460	95,863	8,395	171,676	8,894	68,753	392,600	181,564

424

Year Book of the Churches

		1	CQ
	1 1	Orientals in Ame	Spanish-Speaking Peoples m the TJ	Central America	1 O	i	Porto Rico	ll 11
1	101,405	19,224		13,888	10,380	31,723	14,532
2		1,300
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11	11,935	24,155	47,458				13,394	2,500
12	2,100	12,665	28,312
13
14
15			118,203		48,669		47,340	3,750
16
17
18
19	10	2,694	8,000
20
	115,450	60,038	201,973	13,888	59,049	31,723	75,266	6,250

Religious Statistics and Information

425

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF CANADA AND UNITED STATES

DATA FOR 1922 AND 1921 COMPARED

Data	1922	1921
Associa- tions Reporting	Total	Men	Boys	Associa- tions Reporting	Total
I ORGANIZATION
Number of Association	1,568	1,978			1,646	2,120
Serving on committees	1,452	95,795	81,483	14,312	1,766	97,611
Employed officers (including vacancies)	1,259	5,464	4,747	717	1,254	5,722
Total members	1,435	883,169	654,309	228,860	1,585	935,581
Active members	1,189	406,395	333,914	72,481	1,318	422,640
In industrial occupations II PROPERTY AND FINANCE	479	151,178			523	168,161
Value of Association sites	699	$26,466,700			744	$26,228,200
Value of Association buildings	847	89,781,000			863	88,500,100
Equipment and furnishings	1,134	12,392,700			1,153	11,859,900
Other real estate and building funds paid m	347	21,898,400			368	17,710,100
Endowment funds paid m	321	15,134,800			306	12,469,500
Gross property and funds paid m		165,673,600				156,767,800
Debt on Association property Total net propeity and funds paid m INCOME— TOTAL	381 1,235	15,273,700 150,399,900 $47,159,000			410 1,236	14,666,100 142,101,700 49,908,400
Propercy, endowment, miscellaneous	909	3,707,300			905	3,613,000
Membeiship dues	962	4,944,200	$4,193,800	750,400	1,021	5,285,200
Activities— social, employment, indus-
trial, physical, educational, religious	737	6,004,100	5,629,400	374,700	782	6,293,200
Dormitory, restaurant, camp, baths,
laundry, etc	860	20,952,300			865	22,950,000
Contributions— local Associations and
General Agencies	1,305	11,551,100			1,350	11,767,000
Income, less business and club features		26,206,700				26,958,400
EXPENDITURES — TOTAL	1,395	$47,682,400			1,530	$50,472,100
Property, endowment, miscellaneous	1,092	9,657,900			1,120	10,476,300
General administration, salaries, stenog-
raphers, officers, etc	1,120	12,824,700	$10,762,000	$ 2,062,700	1,215	12,599,200
Activities— social, employment, mdus-
1 trial, physical, educational, religious	1,098	10,195,600	9,099,900	1,095,700	1,040	10,165,400
Dormitory, restaurant, camp, baths,
laundry, etc	852	15,004,200			871	17,231,200
Expenditures, less business and club
features		32,678,200				33,240,900
SECOND CLASSIFICATION OF TOTAL INCOME
AND EXPENDITURES ABOVE
INCOME— TOTAL		$47,159,000				49,908,400
Local Y's, including County .		41,871,100				44,573,100
General Agencies		5,287,900				5,335,300
State Committees		1,301,600				1,335,200
Canadian National Council		86,100				198,200
International Home Work, me Self-sup-
portmgBureausand TJmtedYSchools		2,237,200				2,132,400
International Foreign Work		1,268,700				1,414,400
Training Agencies		394,300				255,100
EXPENDITURES — TOTAL	1,395	$47,682,400				$50,472,100
Local Y's, including County	1,336	42,232,200				45,073,800
General Agencies	59	5,450,200				5,398,300
State Committees	42	1,323,900				1,349,300
Canadian National Council	5	86,300				205,900
International Home Work, me Self-sup-
porting Bureaus and United Y Schools	1	2,460,500				2,136,200
International Foreign Work	1	1,268,300				1,419,600
Training Agencies	10	311,200				287,300
III ACTIVITIES
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
Socials and entertainments	1,219	69,892	39,208	30,684	1,339	69,118
Motion picture exhibitions	557	26,089			560	25,324
Employment — situations secured — city,
colored, railroad	566	67,922	57,724	10,198	559	84,718
\Service — Dormitories — number of beds Dormitories— times used	741 634	56,154 14,902,000			728 708	51,931 15,893,000
Restaurant — meals and lunches served	318	25,560,000			283	27,229,000
Attendance at summer camps	598	68,556			571	64,029

426 Year Book of the Churches

DATA FOR 1922 AND 1921 COMPARED

Data	1922	1921
Associa- tions Reportm	Total	Men	Boys	Associa- tions Reportm	Total
INDUSTRIAL
Number of plants served	203	1,679			322	1,605
On committees	241	2,466
Foremen's meetings Plants with noon activities	98 118	976 708			114 140	' 1,199 15,323
In English for foreigners (me in Educa-
tional students below)	132	13,848			134	18,546
In citizenship classes (inc. in Educa-
tional students below)	97	13,627			108	16,453
Number of second papers secured (me m
Educational below)	106	8,514			106	10,326
PHYSICAL
In leader's clubs	437	10,392	3,411	6,98	400	10,315
Physical examinations	380	115,784	56,609	59,175	369	108,091
Number of gymnasiums	666	783			669	801
Number of athletic fields	196	204			228	255
Number of natatonums	528	534			524	530
Different persons in gymnasium classes	643	303,434	142,725	160,709	811	345,852
In first aid classes	168	9,004	1,894	7,110	128	4,588
Number taught swimming and life saving Participants m Association activities	636 839	106,179 8,492,600			475	86,424
Participants in community activities	514	1,999,400
EDUCATIONAL'
On committees	423	4,607			494	4,697
Paid teachers and leaders	252	2,960			184	3,287
Volunteer Teachers andJLeaders _	250	2992			196	1045
Lectures and talks	481	23,285	10,067	13,218	566	21,501
Vocational guidance— standard Y inter-
views	160	26,646			174	15,026
Students m evening schools	336	90,364	84,681	'5, 683	360	112,445
Students in day schools	59	14,030	11,604	2,426	47	13,171
Students in summer schools	52	6,363	567	5,796	38	4,163
Total different students— day and
evening Number of student hours RELIGIOUS	378 365	110,639 9,825,700	96,773	13,866	398 373	129,779 12,884,500
On committees	680	13,227			694	10,000
Bible study teachers— employed officers	671	1,865			629
Bible study teachers— volunteer	515	3,288			474	2^769
Number of Bible and training classes. Students m Bible and training classes Total attendance at these classes Number of meetings in buildings Number of shop meetings Number of theatre and auto meetings	866 1,065 1,066 942 177 282	8,674 201,182 2,598,900 50,609 12, 162 9,561	2,516 81,993 1,077,897 40,263 10,397 7,648	6,158 119,189 1,521,003 10,346 1,765 1,913	939 1,152 1,152 1,104 185 261	6,751 180,808 2,506,800 50,180 18,242 8 266
Total number religious meetings—all kinds Attendance religious meetings in buildings	1,172 942	72,332 3,490,800	58,308 2,946,600	14,024 544,200	1,323 1,104	76,688 3,596,700
Attendance at shop meetings Attendance at theatre and auto meetings Total attendance all religious meetings Total attendance all Bible classes and	177 282 1,172	1,027,800 1,195,700 5,714,300	954,476 1,034,381 4,935,457	73,324 161,319 778,843	185 261 1,323	1,675,300 1,102,000 6,374,000
religious meetings Decisions for the Christian life United with the Church	1,337 770 601	8,313,200 37,131 11,664	6,013,354 18,004 5,289	2,299,846 19, 127 6,375	1,553 798 596	8,880,800 40,254 11,624

Religious Statistics and Information 427

STATISTICS CONCERNING WORK OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION IN 1922

	City	Town	County	Student	Total
Number of affiliated Associations	387	124	26	608	1,145
Members	421,631	70,876	19,833	94,896	607,236
Young girl members
Number of International Institutes (Affiliated) Total number foreign-born women and girls reached in					48
International Institutes .
Industrial club enrollment
Indian Associations (Affiliated)				29	29
Indian Association membership
Colored work m cities.
Local branches					61
Other local centers					4
Colored student Associations				67	67
Educational class enrollment
Boarding department, number of beds
Employment bureau positions filled
Summer homes conducted
Travelers aided
Number of cafeterias
Cafeteria meals served
Employed officers— local Employed officers— national staff					3,167 260
Foreign work
Number of secretaries (exclusive of Europe) Number of secretaries m Europe					132 27
Number of centers — 48 m 13 countries
Number of registered girl reserve clubs					417

Conferences	Number	Attendance
Student (1 colored) . . . ... City Community (1 colored) Town and country . .... . General (community and student) . ... Business girls Industrial (1 colored) . • Girls (1 colored)	8 2 3 2 2 5 7 20	2,858 923 631 227 499 515 1,269 2,637
Total .. . , . . .	49	9,559

PROHIBITION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

By ERNEST H. CHERRINGTON, GENERAL SECRETARY WORLD LEAGUE AGAINST ALCOHOLISM

The adoption of National Constitutional Prohibition in the United States of America was the culmination of a long series of state and national legislative victories for prohibition covering a period of more than twenty-five years.

The evolution of the prohibition of .the beverage liquor traffic in America during the past quarter of a century includes all the stages of town, village, district, county, city, state and national prohibitory legislation. Prior to the year 1900 however the legislative fight against the liquor traffic was conducted largely in state legislatures. Since 1900 the contest has been waged in both state and federal legislative bodies.

The first prohibitory legislation by Congress was directed toward the suppression of the liquor traffic among Indians and in Indian countries. The next step was the prohibition of the liquor traffic in United States Army and Navy posts. The next step was the, prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors in the Capitol Building

428 Year Book of the Churches

in Washington. The next step was the prohibition of the ^ sale of intoxicating liquors in soldiers' and sailors' homes and certain other territory under federal control. The next step was the prohibition of shipments, under Interstate Commerce protection, of intoxicating liquors intended to be used in violation of the laws of any state. The next step was the prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors within the bounds of the District of Columbia. The next step was the submission of the question of national prohibition to the several states. The next step was the adoption of wartime prohibition. The next step was the (enactment of an enforcement code to put into effect throughout the entire United States the prohibitory amendment to the constitution which had been ratified by the states.

The special campaign directed by the temperance forces of the United States toward the securing of a national prohibition amend- ment was inaugurated in December, 1913, when a committee of 2,000 men and 1,000 women presented to members of the House and Senate on the steps of the national Capitol a proposed amendment to the Federal Constitution and an appeal for its submission. The, Submission of the Resolution in Congress

The so-called Hobson-Sheppard resolution providing for submission of an amendment to the constitution was introduced in the second session of the Sixty-third Congress on December 10, 1913. This measure was placed upon its final passage in the House on December 14, 1914, and resulted in a vote of 197 for submission as against 189 against submission. This was a majority of 8 votes but since the submission of constitutional amendments requires a majority of two- thirds of each house of Congress the measure failed of passage.

A similar resolution was presented in both houses of the 64th Con- gress, The Judiciary Committee of the House, by a vote of 12 to 7, favorably reported this resolution on December 14, 1916. The Judiciary Committee of the Senate by a vote of 13 to 3, favorably reported the Senate resolution on December 21, 1916. The resolution however did not come to final vote m either house of the 64th Congress.

Similar resolutions were presented in the House and Senate early in the first session of the 65th Congress. The resolution was adopted by the Senate by a vote of 65 to 20 on August 1, 1917, and was like- wise adopted by the House of Representatives by a vote of 282 to 128 on December 17, 1917. On the following day the Senate concurred m certain minor House amendments so that the resolution submitting the prohibitory amendment to the constitution was finally adoped by Con- gress on December 18, 1917.

The 18th Amendment to the Constitution

The following is the joint resolution adopted by both houses of Congress and submitted to the several state legislatures:

"Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each house concurring therein) That the following amendment to the Constitution be, and hereby is, proposed to the states, to become valid as a part of the Constitution when ratified by the Legislatures of the several states as provided by the constitution:

"Article

"Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

"Section 2. The Congress and the several states shall have con- current power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

"Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have

Religious Statistics and Information 429

been ratified as an amendment to th'e Constitution by the Legislatures of the several states, as provided by the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the states by the Congress."

Ratification of the 18th Amendment by the Several States

The following table shows the date and the vote on ratification in each of the two houses of the legislature in each of the 46 states that ratified the 18th Amendment:

STATE

SENA1E

HOUSE

(1)	Mississippi	Jan.	8,	1918,	28 to	5	Jan	8,	1918,	93 to	3
(2)	Virginia	. . Jan,	10,	1918,	30 to	8	Jan.	11,	1918,	84 to	13
(3)	Kentucky . ...	. Jan.	It,	1018,	28 to	6	Jan.	14,	1918,	66 to	10
(4)	South Carolina .	• Jan.	18,	1918,	fc8 to	6	Jan.	28,	1918,	66 to	29
(5)	North Dakota	• • * Jan.	25,	1918,	43 to	2	Jan	25,	1918,	96 to	10
(6)		. Feb	13,	1918,	18 to	7	Feb.	8,	1918,	58 to	36
(7)		• Feb	19,	1918,	35 to	2	Feb.	18,	1918,	77 to	g
V ' / (8)		- • Feb	28,	1918,	15 to	7	Mar.	4,	1918,	72 to	30
\a/ (9)		Mar	18,	1918,	13 to	3	Mar.	14,	1918,	27 to	6
(10)	Sovtih Dakotaf	. Mar	19,	1918,	43 to	0	Mar.	20,	1918,	86 to	0
(11)	Massachusetts	• • * Apr.	2,	1918,	27 to	12	Mar.	26,	1918,	145 to	91
(12)	Arizona	May	23,	1918,	17 to	0	May	24,	1918,	29 to	3
(13)	Georgia	, June	26,	1918,	34 to	2	June	26,	1918,	129 to	24
(14)	Louisiana . . .	. Aug.	6,	1918,	21 to	20	Aug	8,	1918,	69 to	41
(15)	Florida . .	Nov.	27,	1918,	25 to	2	Nov.	27,	1918,	61 to	3
(16)	Michigan*	• • • • Jan.	2,	1919,	30 to	0	Jan.	2,	1919,	88 to	3
(17)	Ohio	Jan	7,	1919,	20 to	12	Jan.	7,	1919,	85 to	30
(18)	Oklahoma	• • Jan.	7,	1919,	43 to	0	Jan.	7,	1919,	90 to	8
(19)	Maine		8,	1919,	20 to	0	Jan.	8,	1919,	122 to	20
(20)	Idaho i-	• • Jan.	8,	1919,	38 to	0	Jan.	7,	1919,	62 to	0
(21)	West Virginia . .	Jan.	9,	1019,	27 to	0	Jan.	9,	1919,	78 to	3
(22)	Washington . . .	• • Jan	13,	1019,	42 to	0	Jan	13,	1919,	93 to	0
(23)	Tennessee . .	Jan.	9,	1919,	28 to	2	Jan.	13,	1919,	82 to	2
(24)	California	Jan	10,	1910,	24 to	15	Jan.	13,	1919,	48 to	28
(2*))	Indiana	* Jan.	13,	1919,	41 to	6	Jan.	14,	1919,	87 to	11
(26)	Illinois	• Jan	8,	1919,	30 to	15	Jan.	14,	1919,	84 to	66
(27)	Arkansas	Jan.	14,	1910,	34 to	0	Jan.	13,	1919,	93 to	2
(28)	North Carolina .	Jan.	10,	1919,	40 to	0	Jan.	14,	1919,	93 to	10
(29)	Alabama	Jan.	14,	1919,	23 to	11	Jan.	14,	1919,	64 to	34
(30)	Kansasf	Jan.	14,	1919,	39 to	0	Jan.	14,	1919,	121 to	0
(31)	Oiegon . .	• • Jan.	15,	1019,	30 to	0	Jan.	14,	1919,	53 to	3
(32)	Iowa	• Jan	15,	1910,	42 to	7	Jan.	15,	1919,	86 to	13
(33)	Utahf . .	• Jan.	15,	1919,	16 to	0	Jan.	14,	1919,	43 to	0
(34)	Colorado .	Jan.	15,	1919,	34 to	1	Jan.	15,	1919,	63 to	2
(35)	New Hampshire . . .	• • Jan.	15,	1919,	19 to	4	Jan.	15,	1919,	221 to	131
(36) (37)	Nebraska . Missouri	Jan Jan.	13, 16,	1919, 1919,	31 to 22 to	1 10	Jan. Jan.	16, 16,	1919, 1919,	98 to 104 to	0 36
(38)	Wyommsrf . .	Jan.	16,	1919,	26 to	0	Jan.	16,	1919,	52 to	0
(39)	Wisconsin	• • Jan.	16,	1919,	19 to	11	Jan.	17,	1919,	58 to	35
(40)	Minnesota	Jan.	16,	1919,	48 to	11	Jan.	17,	1919,	92 to	36
(41)	New Mexico . , . .	Jan	20,	1919,	12 to	4	Jan.	16,	1919,	45 to	1
(42)		, . ja,n.	21,	1919,	14 to	1	Jan.	20,	1910,	33 to	3
(43)	Vermont ....	. . Jan.	16,	1919,	26 to	3	Jan.	29,	1919,	155 to	58
(44)	New York . .	Jan.	29,	1919,	27 to	24	Jan.	23,	1919,	81 to	66
(45)	Pennsylvania . .	Feb.	25,	1919,	29 to	16	Feb.	4,	1919,	110 to	W
(46)	New Jersey	Mar.	9,	1922,	12 to	4	Mar.	4,	1922,	33 to	24

*Repassed in House to correct error January 23. fUnanimous m both houses. Total Senate vote — 1,309 for to 240 agumst — 85 per cent dry. Total House vote — 3,775 for to 1,025 against — 79 per cent dry.

The 18th Amendment Inaugurated Prohibition in Only Sixteen States

The adoption of the 18th Amendment to the Federal Constitution really added only sixteen states to the prohibition column, since 32 states had already adopted state prohibition under state constitutional amendments or state prohibitory laws.

The following table shows the states that were under state-wide prohibition befpre t^6. national constitutional prohibition went into

430

Year Book of the Churches

effect, together with the date of the adoption of state prohibition and the population of each state according to the 1920 census :

States

1858 — Maine 1880— Kansas 1889— North Dakota 1907— Oklahoma

Georgia

1908— -North Carolina 1909— Tennessee

Mississippi 1912— -West Virginia 1914 — Arizona

Colorado

Washington

Oregon

Virginia . 1915— South Carolina

Arkansas

Alabama

Idaho .

Iowa . 1916— Michigan

Montana

Nebraska

South Dakota 1917— Indiana

New Hampshire

New Mexico

Utah 1918— Florida .

Nevada

Ohio .

Texas Wyoming „

Total .

Population 1920 Census

768,014	768,014
1,769,257	1,769,257
646,872	646,872
2,028,283
2,895,832	4,924,115
2,559,123
2,337,885
1,790,618	4,128,503
1,463,701
334,162
939,629
1,356,621
783,389
2,309,187	5,722,988
1,683,724
435,450
. 2,348,174
431,866
2,404,021	7,303,235
3,668,412
548,889
1,296,372
636,547	6,150,220
2,930,390
443,083
360,350
449,396	4,183,219
968,470
77,407
5,759,394
4,663,228
194,402	11,662,901

51,282,148 51,282,148

Minnesota voted, giving a majority for the law but not enough to secure state-wide prohibition. *

Five Other Stales Mostly Under Prohibition

There were five other states in each of which a majority of the population was living in prohibition territory prior to the going into effect of the 18th Amendment. These states were Delaware, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri and Vermont. Ffty-six per cent (4,569,495) of the aggregate population of the five states (8,338,384) were living in territory from which the liquor traffic had been abolished by state legislation before the advent of national constitutional prohibition.

Population of All States Under Prohibition When 18th Amendment Went Into Effect

The 18th Amendment to the Federal Constitution went into effect at tmdnight January 16, 1920. At that time, of the 105,710,620 people living in the United States of America, 71,803,120, or 68.1, per cent were living under prohibition by state laws.

The following table shows the population of each state according to

Religious Statistics and Information 431

the census of 1920, together with the portion of that population living under license and under prohibition in each of the states :

	Population	Population	Per	Population	Per
STATES	Census	mWet	Cent	mDry	Cent
	1920	Territory	Wet	Territory	Dry
Alabama	2,348,174	None		2,348,174	100
Arizona	334,162	None		334,162	100
Arkansas	1,752,204	None		1,752,204	100
California	3,426,861	1,977,299	57 7	1,449,562	423
Colorado	939,629	None		939,629	100
Connecticut	1,380,631	1,034,093	74 9	346,538	25 1
Delaware	223,003	96,337	43 2	126,666	568
Dist of Columbia	437,571	None		437,571	100
Florida	968, 470	None		968,470	100
Georgia	2,895,832	None		2,895,832	100
Idaho	431,866	None		431,866	100
Illinois	6,485,280	3,437,199	53 0	3,048,081	47 0
Indiana	2,930,390	None		2,930,390	100
Iowa	2,404,021	None		2,404,021	100
Kansas	1,769,257	None		1,76'9 257	100
Kentucky	2,416,630	None		2,416,630	100
Louisiana	1,798,509	847,098	47 1	951,411	52 9
Maine	768,014	None		768,014	100
Maryland	1,449,661	839,328	51 0	610,333	49 0
Massachusetts •	3,852,356	2,623,454	68 1	1,228,902	31 9
Michigan	3,668,412	None		3,668,412	100
Minnesota	2,387,125	1,002,592	42 0	1,384,533	58 0
Mississippi	1,790,618	None		1,790,618	100
Missouri.	3,404,055	1,599,906	470	1,804,149	53 0
Montana	548,889	None		548,889	100
Nebraska	1,296,372	None		1,296,372	100
Nevada	77,407	None		77,407	100
New Hampshire	443, 083	None		443,083	100
New Jersey	3,155,900	2,840,310	90 0	315,590	100
New Mexico	360,350	None		360,350	100
New York	10,385,227	8,484,630	81 7	1,900,597	18 3
North Carolina	2,559,123	None		2,559,123	100
North Dakota	646,872	None		646,872	100
Ohio	5,759,394	None		5,759,394	100
Oregon	783,389	None		783,389	100
Oklahoma	2,028,283	None		2,028,283	100
Pennsylvania	8,720,017	7,080,654	81 2	1,639,363	188
Rhode Island	604,397	528,847	875	75,550	12 5
South Carolina	1,683,724	None		1,683,724	100
South Dakota	636,547	None		636,547	100
Tennessee	2,337,885	None		2,337,885	100
Texas	4,663,228	None		4,663,228	100
Utah	449,396	None		449,398	100
Vermont	352,428	49,692	14 1	302,736	859
Virginia	2,309,187	None		2,309,187	100
Washington	1,356,621	None		1,356,621	100
West Virginia	1,463,701	None		1,463,701	100
Wisconsin	2,632,067	1,466,061	55 7	1,166,006	443
Wyoming	194,402	None		194,402	100
Totals	105,710,620	33,907,500	31 9	71,803,120	68 1

Area Under Prohibition By State Laws

At the time of the going into effect of National Constitutional Prohibition more than 95 per cent of the entire area of the United States of America was under prohibition by state legislation. In other words, prohibition of the beverage liquor traffic was already in operation in territory aggregating 2,835,367 square miles of the total land area of the United States which is 2,973,890 square miles.

The following table shows the territory under prohibition and under license of each of the several states when National Constitutional Prohibition became operative:

432

Year Book of the Churches

	Total	Land Area Under		Land Area Under
STATE	Land Area	License	Per Cent	Prohibition	Per Cent
	(Sq Miles)	(Sq Miles)	Wet	(Sq Miles)	Dry
Alabama	51,279	None		51,279	100
Arizona . ...	113,810	None		113,810	100
Arkansas . .	52,525	None		52,525	100
California	155,652	60,652	38 9	95,000	61 1
Colorado	103,658	None		103,658	100
Connecticut	4,820	1,020	21 1	3,800	78 9
Delaware	1,965	10	0 5	1,955	99 5
District of Columbia	60	None		60	100
Florida .	54,861	None		54,861	100
Georgia	58,725	None		58,725	100
Idaho	83,354	None		83,354	100
Illinois	56,043	6,597	11 7	49,446	88 3
Indiana	36,045	None		36,045	100
Iowa.	55,586	None		55,586	100
Kansas	81,774	None		81,774	100
Kentucky*	40,181	None		40,181	100
Louisiana ....	45,409	8,730	19 2 '	36,679	81 8
Maine	29,895	None		29,895	100
Maryland	9,941	1,462	14 8	8,479	85 2
Massachusetts	8,039	2,465	30 6	5,574	69 4
Michigan	57,480	None		57,480	100
Minnesota	80,858	14,166	176	66,692	82 4
Mississippi	46,362	None		46,362	100
Missouri .	68,727	6,873	100	61,854	90 0
Montana	146,201	None		146,201	100
Nebraska	76,808	None		76,808	100
Nevada	109,821	None		109,821	100
New Hampshire	9,031	None		9,031	100
New Jersey New Mexico	7,514 122,503	5,260 None	70 0	2,254 122,503	30 0 100
New York	47,654	16,654	34 9	30,000	65
North Carolina	48,740	None		48,740	100
North Dakota	70, 183	None		70, 1&5	100
Ohio	40,740	None		40,740	100
Oklahoma	69,414	None		69,414	100
Oregon	95,607	None		95,607	100
Pennsylvania	44,832	31,793	70 9	13,039	29 1
Ehode Island	1,067	643	61 2	414	388
South Carolina	30,495	None		30,495	100
South Dakota	76,868	None		76,868	100
Tennessee	41,687	None		41,687	100
Texas	262,398	None		262,398	100
Utah	82,184	None		82,184	100
Vermont ...	9,124	186	20	8,938	980
Virginia	40,262	None		40,262	100
Washington .	66,836	None		66,836	100
West Virginia	24,022	None		24,022	100
Wisconsin	55,256	13,815	25 0	41,441	75 0
Wyoming	97,594	None		97,594	100
Totals .	2,973,890	138,523	46	2,835,367	95 4

'State-wide Prohibition adopted in Kentucky m November, 1919, became effective June 30, 1920

The Volstead Law

The Volstead Prohibition Enforcement Code was passed by the United States House of Representatives on July 2, 1919, by a vote of 287 to 100, and was passed in the Senate without a roll call on September 4, 1919.

After differences between Senate and Bouse amendments had been ironed out by Senate and House conferees the measure was finally adopted by the Senate without a roll call on October 8, 1919, and by the House of Representatives on October 10, 1919, by a vote of 321 to 70.

The measure was vetoed by the President on October 27, 1919, was passed over the President's veto on the same day in the House by a vote of 176 to 35 and on the following day in the Senate by a vote of 65 to 25.

Religious Statistics and Information 433

The Willis-Campbell Bill, which strengthened certain features of the Volstead law, was adopted by an overwhelming vote m both House and Senate in 1921.

Congress Stands Firm

After three years under National Constitutional Prohibition both Houses of the 68th Congress, as a result of the elections in the fall of 1922, contain a larger majority in favor of National Prohibition and its enforcement than the Congress which submitted the 18th Amendment to the legislatures of the several states and adopted the Volstead Enforcement Code.

The question therefore which presents itself at the present time to the American people is not so much one of modification or repeal. It is rather one as to whether a minority representing a few wet cities and a few wet states shall be permitted to over-ride the will of the majority in the Republic and thus nullify the laws of the Congress and the Constitution of the United States.

This question, moreover, goes deeper than the enforcement or nulli- fication of a prohibitory law. It undoubtedly involves the question of the ability of the Christian Church successfully to cope with great social problems, and it also involves the question of the success or failure of democracy.

THE STORY OF PROHIBITION

By D S. PATTERSON, ASSISTANT RESEARCH SECRETARY, BOARD OF

TEMPERANCE, PROHIBITION AND PUBLIC

MORALS, M. E. CHURCH

How We Got It

A century of agitation; not result of precipitate action.

Eminent medical authorities condemned alcoholic traffic.

Temperance societies formed and members pledged to abstinence.

Pledges made more stringent.

Opposition to legalizing traffic by license.

Careful study as to methods to pursue in obtaining prohibition laws.

Experimentation in restrictive legislation (free lunches, games, low license, Sunday closing, short hours, etc.).

Local option and "home rule."

State prohibition.

National prohibition.

What It Is Doing

Petty crime decreased.

Serious crime has been considerably decreased.

There is a notable decrease in beggary and acute poverty.

Property formerly used for saloon purposes now used by legitimate business at increased values.

In majority of cases breweries and distilleries have been diverted to wholesome uses, using more raw material and employing more men.

There is a notable increase in buying power and much greater activity in retail business.

Bank clearings are larger and savings accounts more numerous.

There is no more bootlegging than in license days, and in many cases much less.

In no case have taxes been made higher by prohibition; in some cases they are lower, and in many cases approximately the same.

In no case at all are State finances in worse condition because of loss of license revenue; in some cases bad conditions inherited from license period have been corrected.

The sentiment of business men is overwhelmingly in favor of the policy and this sentiment is increasing in strength constantly.

434 Year Book of the Churches

Prohibition has not increased the use of drugs. A committee from the U. S. Treasury Department so reported after investigation.

In Washington, D. C., the arrests for drunkenness in the last wet year numbered 10,793. In the first dry twelve-month period they numbered 5,447. The daily average number of inmates of the work- house was 622 in 1915, a wet year, and 373 in 1918, a dry year.

In Baltimore, in the last wet October there were 1,165 arrests for drunkenness and in the first dry October, 119.

In New York City, during the first six months after prohibition, Hadley Rescue Hall had attendance of only 19,691, as contrasted with 42,415 in first six months of last wet year.

The arrests for intoxication in Philadelphia fell by 62 per cent im- mediately after prohibition came into effect.

In Los Angeles, California, the arrests for drunkenness in 1917 numbered 16,430, and m 1919, under prohibition, the arrests were 5,840, less than one-third as many.

In San Francisco the total arrests under prohibition fell from 49,647 in 1918-1919 to 26,673 in 1919-1920.

Superintendent of Schools of Indiana says prohibition increased attendance of poor children in schools. They are better clothed and fed.

Welfare workers testify to less domestic difficulties.

Infant mortality decreased.

Death rates have been lowered.

In Chicago the death rate was cut from 13.85 per thousand (1904, previous low rate) to 11.08 per thousand.

Deaths from alcoholism deer-eased.

National health, wealth, and welfare immeasurably increased.

What We Must Do To Keep It

Crush attempts to nullify law.

Prevent return of "light" wines and beer.

If beer comes back we will have $5,000,000,000 annual drink bill. Legitimate American industry cannot afford such a loss.

If beer comes back, the saloon will return, American saloon was beer saloon.

Intensify education as to benefits of prohibition.

Support honest enforcement officials and call for removal of un- scrupulous and dishonest men in office.

Advocate good government by voting conscientious ballot.

Encourage others to use their franchise.

Oppose unfair attacks in press.

Demand enforcement of law.

FACE FACTS— ADMIT FAILURES— KEEP FIGHTING.

AN OUTLINE OF CHURCH HISTORY

(Arranged by W. E. GARRISON, Dean of the Disciples Divinity House, University of Chicago.)

I. Spread of Christianity , Persecution, Recognition:

64. Persecution under Nero. 70. Destruction of Jerusalem. 95. Persecution under Domitian. 106. Persecution under Trajan. 112. Letter of Pliny to Trajan about Christians. 166-177. Persecution under Marcus Aurelius. 199-204. Persecution under Septimus Severus. 250-252. Persecution under Decius. 257. Persecution under Aurelian. 303. Persecution under Diocletian.

Religious Statistics and Information 435

311. First Edict of partial toleration by Constantine.

313. Second Edict of toleration by Constantine.

361. Julian the Apostate opposed 'Christianity. 378-460. St. Patrick, missionary to Ireland.

596. Augustine the monk, missionary to Saxon England. 680-754. Boniface, missionary to Germany.

II. Church Fathers:

50-110. Ignatius of Antioch. 65-100. Clement of Rome.

70-155. Polycarp of Smyrna, Epistle to Philippians. 100-165. Justin Martyr. First philosophical apologist. 115-C190. Irenaeus.

0150-230. Tertullian. First great Latin writer. C185-254. Origen of Alexandria.

c260-340. Eusebius, bp. of Caesarea. Church Historian. C298-373. Athanasius, the Father of Orthodoxy. 340-397. Ambrose, bp. of Milan.

c340-420. St. Jerome. Vulgate, Latin Version of Bible. 347-407. St. Chrysostom. Eloquent preacher. 353-430. St. Augustine. "City of God" "Confessions."

III. Early Sects and Heresies:

clOO. Gnosticism.

C140. Marcion at Rome.

cl55. Montanism, claimed direct enlightenment.

242. Manichaeism, mingling Christianity and oriental cults.

325. Arianism condemned by Council of Nicaea. c325. Sabellianism; God in three forms, not three persons. C350. Appollinarianism, denied human personality of Christ. o350. Donatists, strong in N. Africa. Persecution. C400. Pelagianism. Opposed by Augustine.

383. First death sentence against heretics, by Theodosius.

435. Nestorians. Only human nature of Christ suffered.

IV. Development of Papacy:

313. Supposed Donation of Constantine.

381. C. of Const, recog'd bp. of Const, as second only to

Rome.

410. Sack of Rome by Alaric destroyed old nobility. 440. Leo I. 445. Edict of Emp. Valentinian III. Bp. of Rome head of

western Ch.

c500. Term "Pope" used exclusively of Bishop of Rome. 590. Gregory I, the Great.

1073. Gregory VII, Hildebrand. Victory of Pope over Em- peror.

1198. Innocent III. Pinnacle of papal power. 1309-1377. Popes at Avignon. Loss of prestige. 1377-1449, Great Schism. Rise of party of conciliar supremacy. 1870. Papal infallibility. Vatican Council.

V. Ecumenical Councils:

325. C. of Nicaea. 1st ecumenical. Trinity. 381. C. of Constantinople. 2nd ec. Trinity. 431. Ephesus. 3rd. Condemned Nestorianism and Pelagian- ism.

451. Chalcedon. 4th. Christology.

553. Second Constantinople. 5th. Against errors of Origen. 680. Third Constantinople. 6th. Condemned Monothelites.

436 Year Book of the Churches

787. Second Nicaea. 7th. Favored use of images.

869. Fourth Constantinople. 8th. Separation between East

and West.

1123. First Lateran. 9th. 1139. Second Lateran. 10th. 1179. Third Lateran. llth.

1215. Fourth Lateran. 12th. Transubstantiation. Inquisi- tion.

1245. Lyons. 13th. Deposed Frederic II. 1274. Second Lyons. 14th. For reunion of East and West. 1311. Vienne. 15th. Dissolved Order of Templars. 1409. Pisa. 16th. To reform church and heal schism. 1414. Constance. 17th. Reform. Burning of Huss. 1431. Basel. 18th. Reform and reunion. 1512. Fifth Lateran. 19th.

1545. Trent. 20th. Against Protestant Reformation. 1869. Vatican. 21st. Papal infallibility.

VI. Historic Creeds.

325. Nicene Creed.

451. Creed of Chalcedon.

500. Apostles Creed, final text.

800. Athanasian Creed, "Quicunque vult."

530. Augsburg Confession. Lutheran.

541. Geneva Catechism. Calvinistic.

559. Gallican Confession. French, Calvinistic.

561. Belgic Confesion. Netherlands, Reformed.

577. Formula of Concord. Lutheran.

563. Heidelberg Catechism. German, Reformed. _563. Thirty-Nine Articles. Anglican. 1566. Second Helvetic Confession. Zwinglian. 1610. The Remonstrance. Netherlands. Arminian. 1647. Westminster Confession. English, Presbyterian. 1658. Savoy Declaration. English Congregational, Calvinistic, 1675. Helvetic Consensus Formula. Calvinistic. 1688. Baptist Confession of Faith. England. 1742. Philadelphia Confession. Identical with preceding. 1784. Twenty-Five Articles. American, Methodist. Unalter- able. 1833. Declaration of 1833. Congregational, England.

VII. Monks f Friars, and Schoolmen'

361. Martin of Tours. First western monastery. c390-460. St. Simon, a pillar hermit.

529. St. Benedict. Monastery of Montecassino. 1033-1109. Anselm, father of scholasticism. 1079-1142. Abelard.

1086. Carthusian Order founded by Bruno of Cologne. 1091-1153. Bernard of Clairvaux, champion of orthodoxy. 1225-1274. Thomas Aquinas, greatest mediaeval theologian. 1214-1296. Roger Bacon, monk and scientist.

1209. Carmelite order founded.

1210. Franciscan order, St. Francis of Assisi. 1215. Dominican order, Dominic Guzman.

c!250. Augustinian order re-organized.

VIII. The Crusades:

1096. Peter the Hermit, First Crusade. Jerusalem taken.

1147. Second Crusade.

1187. Third Crusade. Richard I,

Religious Statistics and Information 437

1203. Fourth Crusade, Constantinople taken.

1212. Children's Crusade.

1218. Crusade against Albigenses.

1228. Fifth Crusade by excommunicated Frederic II.

1261. Fall of Latin Empire of Constantinople.

1291. Fall of Acre. End of Crusades.

IX. Mediaeval Sects and Pre-Re formation Movements:

c900. Cathari. Oriental dualism. Traces earlier.

clOOO. Albigenses. Crushed by crusade, 1208. 1170. Waldenses, most evangelical mediaeval sect. 1260-1329. Eckhart, Mystic. 1290-1361. Tauler. 1314-1384. Wiclif.

c!370. Brethren of the Common Life.

C1400. Gallican reformers, D'Ailly, Nicholas de Clemanges. 1414-1439. Reforming Councils, Pisa, Constance, Basel. 1415-1416. Hus and Jerome of Prague burned.

cl450. Mystics: Thomas a Kempis, Wesel, Goch, Wessel. 1452-1498, Savonarola, moral reformer. 1407-1459. Laurentius Valla, humanistic critic of papacy.

C1510. Oxford Reformers: Colet, Erasmus, More.

X. The Reformation:

1517. Luther's Ninety-Five Theses. 1521. Diet at Worms. 1521. Munzer. Anabaptist movement. 1523. Zwingli. Reform at Zurich, Switzerland. 1534. Jesuit order founded by Ignatius Loyola. 1534. Church of England, Act of Supremacy. 1536. Calvin at Geneva. The Institutes. 1555. Peace of Augsburg.

1572. Massacre of French Profs on St. Bartholomew's Day. 1598. Edict of Nantes. Toleration in France. 1618-1648. Thirty Years War in Germany.

1685. Revocation of Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV.

XL Divisions of Protestantism:

cl550. Beginnings of Puritanism in England.

1571. Rpbt. Browne. English Congregationalism.

1607. First Episcopal Church in America.

1610. Arminianism in Holland. The Remonstrance.

1618. Synod of Dork Reassertion of Calvinism.

1620. Congregationalism in America. Plymouth.

1622. First Lutheran Church in America. New York. 1624-1690. George Fox, mystic and founder of Friends.

1639. Roger Williams, first Baptist Church in America. 1643-1652. Westminster Assembly.

1643. Solemn League and Covenant of Scotland.

1684. First Presbyterian Church in America. Mackemie. 1688-1772. Emanuel Swedenborg. 1703-1791. John Wesley.

1753. United Brethren. Otterbein.

1770. First Universalist Church in America. Murray.

1784. Org'n of M, E. Church in America. Coke and Asbury, Supts.

1787. First Unitarian Church in America. King's Chapel, Boston.

1809. Thos. and Alex. Campbell. Disciples of Christ.

1833. Adventists. William Miller.

1876. Salvation Army. William Booth, London.

1879, First Christian Science Church, Boston.

438 Year Book of the Churches

XII. Efforts Toward Peace and Unity:

1570-1641. Bp. Davenant: "Ad Fraternam Communionem Restau-

randam."

1580. Formula of Concord. German Lutherans. 1586-1656. Callixtus. Liberal Lutheran of Helmstadt. 1587-1658. John Vergius. Liberal Calvinist of Frankfort. 1595-1658. John Durie, an apostle of union.

1627. Rupertus Meldemus: "In essentials, unity; in non- essentials, liberty; in all things, charity." 1645. The Colloquy of Thorn.

1645. Thos. Hill, Pres.: "An Olive Branch of Peace."

1646. J. Burroughs, Indep.: "Irenicum."

1648. Peace of Westphalia. Toleration in Germany.

1661. Savoy Conference.

1662. Stillmgfleet: "Irenicum." 1688. Act of Toleration. England.

1692. Molanus, Lutheran: "Privatae Cogitatienes." 1692-1699. Correspondence between Leibnitz and Bossuet.

1809. T. Campbell: "Declaration and Address." 1817. United Evangelical Church of Prussia. 1846. Evangelical Alliance. London.

1873. Evangelical Alliance in America.

1908. Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America.

XIII. The Bible:

150. Septuagint completed.

367. Athanasian Canon.

392. Latin Version, the Vulgate, St. Jerome.

397. Council of Carthage confirmed Athanasian Canon of

N. T.

1382. Wiclif's translation into English from Vulgate. 1452. First printed Latin Bible. Gutenberg.

1516. Erasmus' Greek New Testament.

1517. Complutensian Polyglot. 1522-1534. Luther's translation into German.

1524. Tyndale's translation into English.

1535. Coverdale's Bible.

1560. Geneva Bible, English trans, from Greek.

1602. Douai Version, Catholic, from Vulgate.

1611. King James Version.

1804. British and Foreign Bible Society.

1885. Revised Version.

1901. American Revision.

XIV. Movements in the Modern Church:

1636. Harvard College. First in America.

1693. William and Mary Coll. Second in America. 1701. Yale College. Third in America.

1703-1758. Jonathan Edwards,

1734-1740. Great Awakening. Edwards and Whitefield.

1746. College of N. J. Now Princeton. Fourth in America, 1754. King's College. Now Columbia. Fifth in America.

1761-1834. William Carey. To India, 1793.

1768-1834. Schleiermacher.

1780. First Sunday School, Robert Raikes, Glouscester.

1810. Amer. Bd. of Commissioners for For. Miss. 1844. Y. M. C. A. George Williams. London. 1851. First Y. M. C. A. in TJ. S. Boston.

1857. Y. W. C. A. organized. New York.

1872. International S. S. Comm. Uniform Lessons.

1885. Y. P. S. C. E.

SECTION VI

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE.FEDERAL COUNCIL

OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN AMERICA

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FEDERAL COUNCIL

The following bibliography is not exhaustive, but lists some of the more important publications published by the Federal Council or dealing with its work:

THE CHURCH IN AMERICA

Year Book of the Churches for 1923. Edited by Rev. E. 0. Watson, Cloth, $1.50. A complete encyclopedia of religious organizations in the United States.

Religion Among American Men: As Revealed by a Study of Conditions in the Army. By the Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook. Association Press, 1920. Cloth, $1.50. A study of the religious life and thought of the cross section of young men found in the National Army.

The Churches of the Federal Council. Their History, Organization, and Distinctive Characteristics. Edited by Charles S. Macfar- land. $1.

The Church in America. By William Adams Brown. Macmillan, 1922. An interpretation of present tendencies m the church, with special reference to the movement toward unity.

• CHRISTIAN COOPERATION AND UNITY

Christian Unity: Its Principles and Possibilities. By the Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook. Association Press, 1921. Cloth, $2.85. A thorough study of the history and present status of the whole movement for Christian Unity.

THE FEDERAL COUNCIL

Federal Council Bulletin. Bi-monthly 50c per year. A review of cur- rent activities of the Council.

Annual Report for 1922. 25 cents.

The Churches Allied for Common Tasks. Report of the Quadrennium of the Federal Council, 1916-1920. Edited by Rev. S. M. Cavert $1.25.

Progress of Church Federation. By Charles S. Macfarland. Revell. Revised edition, 1921. $1. A history of the development and outstanding achievements of the Federal Council.

Christian Unity at Work: What the Federal Council of the Churches Is and Does. 1922. Pamphlet. 24pp. (Free.)

Outstanding Achievements of the Federal Council During 1922 and Plans for 1928. Pamphlet. 8 pp. (Free.)

Report to the Constitutuent Bodies of the Federal Council of the Churches. 1921. Pamphlet. 4 pp. (Free.)

The Origin and History of the Federal Council. By Elias B. Sanford, 1916. $1.50.

For further study of the history and work of the Council the following reports will also be valuable for reference:

The Federal Council of the Churches. The Record of the First Coun- cil at Philadelphia, 1908. Edited by Elias B. Sanford. $1,25.

Church Federation. The Story of Interchurch Federation at Carnegie Hall, New York, m 1905; an Initial and Preparatory Session of the Federal Council. Edited by Elias B. Sanford. $1.50.

Christian Unity at Work. A Record of the Federative Movement from 1908-1912. $1. Library of Christian Cooperation. The Record from 1912-1916. $5 per set; six volumes.

442 Year Book of the Churches

COOPERATION IN THE COMMUNITY

Community Programs for Cooperating Churches. Association Press.

1920. Cloth, $1.90. Outlines the way m which local councils and

federations are now working together in serving the community. Practicing Christian Unity. By Roy B. Guild. Association Press.

1919. $1. Short Stories of Social, Civil and Religious Community

Service. Pamphlet. 24 pp. $4 per 100. Six Thousand Country Churches. By C. 0. Gill and Gifford Pmchot.

Macmillan. 1919. $1.25. A survey of rural ^ churches m Ohio,

setting forth the need for community cooperation^ Organizing Cooperation to Make Communities Christian. Pamphlet.

8 pp. (Free.) Results: The Churches Cooperate as Churches. Pamphlet. 8 pp.

$2.00 per 100. Recommendations for the Organization of a City Council of Churches.

Pamphlet. 4 pp. $2.00 per 100.

EVANGELISM

New Year and Easter Week of Prayer Topics.

Federation as a Unifying Force in Evangelism. 1919. 8 pp. $4.00

per 100.

The Price of Winning Souls. 1918. 32 pp. $5.00 per 100. The Sunday Night Service and Evangelism. Pamphlet. $2.t)0 per 100. Experiencing Religion. 1920. 8 pp. $1.50 per 100. An Autumn Ingathering. 1920. 4 pp. 50 cents per 100. Pastoral and Personal Evangelism. By Charles L. Goodell. 1921.

$1.25. A Practical Program of Parish Evangelism. By F. L. Fagley, with

an introduction by Charles L. Goodell. Fleming H. Revell Co.,

1922. $1.50.

Heralds of a Passion. By Charles L. Goodell. 1921. $1.25. Pastor and Evangelist. By Charles L. Goodell. 1922. $1.35. The Fellowship of Prayer for 1928. Pamphlet. 20 pp. $2.00 per

100.

THE CHURCH AND THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION

The National Advocate. A temperance paper. Monthly. $1.00 per

year; special rates in quantities. The Youth's Temperance Banner. Monthly. 30 cents per year; in

clubs of ten or more to one address, 15 cents. The Water Lily. Monthly. Suited to children five to ten years.

15 cents per year; in clubs of ten or more to one address, 8 cents.

THE CHURCH AND RACE RELATIONS

The Trend of the Races: A Study of the Negro in America. By

George E. Haynes (with collaboration of W. W. Alexander).

Published by the Council of Women for Home Missions and the

Missionary Education Movement. 1922. The Churches at Work for Interracial Cooperation. 1922, Pamphlet

8 pp. (Free.) Mob Murder in America. 1923. Pamphlet. 12 pp. (Free.)

THE CHURCH AND SOCIAL SERVICE

Weekly Information Service. $2.50 a year. Information Service. Available to students in clubs of ten or more at $1.00 each for the academic year. This service keeps the reader informed con-

Bibliography of the Federal Council 443

cerning important social, industrial and economic conditions and movements and the current literature of these subjects.

The Church and Industrial Reconstruction. By the Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook. Association Press, 1920. Cloth, $2.00 ; paper, $1.00. A thorough inquiry into the meaning of Christianity for industrial and economic life and of the relation of the Church to industrial questions.

What is the Christian View of Work and Wealth? 1920. 85 cents. Discussion course on industrial questions.

Christianity and Economic Problems, prepared by a special committee. 1922. Cloth, 50 cents. Second of the "Social Problem Discussion Series." A careful study of important social questions leading up to the possible establishment of a Christian economic order.

Social work in the Churches. A Study m the Practice of Fellowship. By Arthur E. Holt. Cloth, 60 cents; paper, 35 cents. A handbook of principles, methods and equipment for the pastor and parish worker.

The Coming of Coal By Robert W. Bruere. 1922. $1.00. A brief, scientific treatment of the coal industry as a social problem of paramount importance, and spiritualized, in which the "Social Ideals of the Churches" are brought into touch with reality.

The Social Gospel and Personal Religion. Are They in Conflict? By F. Ernest Johnson. 1922. 25 cents. A discussion of personality and the Christian virtues as dependent on Social relationships for their development.

The Labor Sunday Message for 1922. 15 cents. A review of the industrial development of the year in the light of Christian teaching.

The Motion Picture Problem. By Charles N. Lathrop. 1922. 15 cents. A fundamental consideration of a pressing social problem. The data are fairly presented, leaving the reader to draw1 his own conclusion.

The Wage Question. 1922. 10 cents. This is the first cf a series of bulletins on industrial and economic questions which are to be issued by the Research Department.

The Coal Controversy. 1922. 10 cents. Research Bulletin No. 2. Reports the elementary facts concerning the coal industry and clarifies the moral issues of the recent controversy.

The New Spirit in Industry. By F. Ernest Johnson. Association Press, 1919. $1.50. A brief interpretative survey of industrial movements in America and Europe.

The Federal Council and Industrial Relations. 1921. (Free.) A sketch of the development of the Council's industrial teaching since its founding in 1908.

The Denver Tramway Strike of 1920-1921. 15 cents. Report of an inquiry into an industrial conflict made jointly by Denver church- men, the Federal Council and the National Catholic Welfare Council.

Report on the Strike in the Textile Mills of Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1919. 1920. 10 cents. A brief report prepared by the Re- search Secretary who made a study of the situation.

The Deportation Cases of 1919-1920. By C. M. Panunzio. 1921. 50 cents. A careful and critical examination of a large number of cases handled by the Federal Departments of Labor and Justice.

Pocket Phrase Book of Economic and Industrial Terms in Common Use. 1920. 15 cents. A glossary for the reader to whom this type of literature is new.

444 Year Book of the Churches

Social Evangelism. "By Alva W. Taylor. 2 cents. A brief account in quaint and striking form of a local church's discovery of the social gospel.

Social Ideals of the Churches. Card and paper. Single copies free. The so-called "Social Creed/'

f he Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Issue for September, 1922. — "The Church and Industrial Rela- tions." $1.00. A series of articles by Protestants, Catholics and Jews — ministers and laymen — edited by Dr. John A. Ryan and Rev. F. Ernest Johnson.

Recommendations and Outline of a Partial Program for Churches. Organization of a seven-day program of neighborhood work for local churches; types of churches for crowded industrial neighborhoods; the kind of church buildings required for seven- day work. 1923. Pamphlet. 6 pp. (Free.)

THE CHURCH AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The Church and a Warless World. Pamphlet. 16 pp. 1921. 15 cents.

Working Toward a Warless World. Pamphlet. 16 pp. 1921. 15 cents.

Steps Toward a Warless World. A Four Lesson Study Course based on The Church and a Warless World. Pamphlet. 2 pp. 5 cents.

Problems of the Pacific and the Far East. Pamphlet 20 pp. 1921. 20 cents, 10 or more, 15 cents each.

Far Eastern Problems, A Five Lesson Study Course based on the Problems of the Pacific and the Far East. Pamphlet. 4 pp. 3 cents, 10 or more, 2 cents each.

Achievements of the Washington Conference as Steps Toward a War- less World. 24 pp. 1922. 15 cents.

A Christian Program for a Warless World. Pamphlet. 4 pp. 1922. 10 for 15 cents.

International Ideals of the Churches. 1922. Leaflet. 8 pp. (Free.)

The Christian Crusade for a Warless World. A Study Course based on the "International Ideals of the Churches." By Sidney L. Gulick. The Macmillan Co., 1922. 75 cents (paper), $1.00 (cloth). It deals with the problem of the Church m a warring world, with the ideals that will create a Warless World, and with some of the concrete tasks that must be accomplished if we are in earnest with our program to end war.

The Russian Relief Work of the Federal Council of Churches. Re- port of Rev. John Sheridan Zelie. 1922. Pamphlet 8 pp. (Ftee.)

What the Churches are Doing for International Peace. 1923. Pam- phlet 12 pp. (Free.)

Recent Developments in our Relations with the Orient. 1922. Pam- phlet 12 pp. (Free.)

America and the Orient. By Sidney L. Gulick. Missionary Education Movement. 1917. *75 cents. Outlines a constructive policy for relations with the Orient

American Democracy and Asiatic Citizenship. By Sidney L. Gulick. Scribner, 1918. $2.00.

The American-Japanese Problem. By Sidney L. Gulick. Scribner,

1914 $2.00.

Anti-Japanese War Scare Stories. By Sidney L. Gulick. Fleming: H. Revell, 1917. 25 cents.

Bibliography of the Federal Council 445

The Fight for Peace. An Aggressive Campaign for American

Churches. By Sidney L. Guhck, Fleming H. Revell, 1915. 20

cents (paper), 45 cents (cloth). The Korean Situation. Authentic Accounts of Recent Events by Eye

Witnesses. 1919. 125 pp. 25 cents. Number 2. 1920. 27 pp.

10 cents.

Selected Quotations on Peace and War. A Source Book for the use of Sunday School teachers. Missionary Education Movement, 1915. $1.00.

The Japanese Problem in the United States. By H. A. Millis.

Macmillan, 1915. $2.25. An Investigation for the Commission

on Relations with Japan appointed by the Federal Council. The Missionary Outlook in the Light of the War. By the Committee

on the War and Religious Outlook. Association Press, 1919.

$2.00. A survey of the present foreign missionary situation.

Special attention is given to the bearing of foreign missions

on the development of international good-will.

American- Japanese Relationsf 1916-1920. A Retrospect. Pamphlet. 30 pp. 1921. 25 cents.

Should Congress Enact Special Laws Affecting Japanese? 96 pp. 1922. 50 cents.

American-Japanese Relations as Affected *by the Washington Confer- ence. Pamphlet. 4 pp. 1922. Free.

A Permanent Immigration Policy. Pamphlet. 8 pp. 1921. Free.

The Next Step in Immigration Legislation; a folder giving statistics of all arrivals and departures 1909-1920, classified by race and sex. 1921. 25 cents.

RELATIONS WITH CHURCHES OF OTHER LANDS

Handbook of French and Belgian Protestantism. By Louise Seymour Houghton. 1920. 50 cents. A study of the history and signifi- cance of the Protestant churches in these lands.

Report on International and European Relations. By Charles S. Macfarland. 1922. Pamphlet. 32 pp. (Free.)

Statement in Behalf of the Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe to the Conference on European Protestantism at Copenhagen. 1922. Pamphlet. 16 pp. (Free.)

A French Protestant View of the Near East Problem. By Rev.

Georges Gallienne. 1922. Pamphlet. 8 pp. (Free.) The National Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Commission. 1922.

36 pp. (Free.)

ARMY AND NAVY CHAPLAINS

Spiritual Service for Soldiers and Sailors. A statement of work by the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains. 1922. Pamphlet. 12 pp. (Free.)

CANAL ZONE

Religious Work in the Canal Zone. A report submitted by Rev. Roy B. Guild, Secretary of the Committee. 1922. Pamphlet. 8 pp. (Free.)

The Call of the Church at the Crossroads of the World. 1923. Pam- phlet. 4 pp. (Free.)

446 Year Book of the Churches

THE CHURCHES IN THE WORLD WAR

War-Time Agencies of the Churches. 1919. $1.00, The historical record of ^ the organization and work of the religious organizations engaged in war-time activities, with special attention to the Gen- eral War-Time Commission of the Churches created by the Federal Council.

The Churches of Christ in Time of War. A record of the steps which were undertaken by the churches at the outbreak of the war to meet their responsibility in the national life. 1917. 50 cents.

Bibliography on the War and Religion. By the Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook. 1919. Cloth, $1.50.

(The complete list of the publications of the Federal Coun- cil and the General War-Time Commission of the Churches during the war, including more than a hundred titles, is given in "War-Time Agencies of the Churches," pages 315- 323.)

The publications of the Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook have been included in the foregoing lists, with the exception of the following series of pamphlets, 20 cents each:

1. The War and the Religious Outlook. By "Robert E. Speer.

2. Christian Principles Essential to a New World Order. By W. H. P.

Faunce.

3. The Church's Message to the Nation. By Harry Emerson Fosdick.

4. Christian Principles and Industrial Reconstruction. Francis J.

McConnell.

5. The Church and Religious Education. By William Douglas Mac-

kenzie.

6. The New Home Mission of the Church. By William P. Shriver.

7. Christian Aspects of Economic Reconstruction. By Herbert N.

Shenton.

8. The War and the Woman Point of View. By Rhoda E. McCulloch.

9. The Local Church After the War. By Charles W. Gilkey.

GENEBAL INDEX

PAGE

Abbreviations Used - . 4

Ad Interim Committee on Organic Unity 315

Administrative Committee of the Federal Council - . 275

Advent Christian Church . 9

Adventist Bodies . . 9

Adventist, Church of God . . 11

Adventist, Churches of God m Christ Jesus . . 12

Adventists, Seventh Day . 10

Advertising Department, Church ., 851

Affiliated Bodies of the Federal Council . 256

Africa Inland Mission, American Council . 317

African American Methodist Episcopal Church 161

African Methodist Episcopal Church 154

African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church 156

African Orthodox Church 14

African Union Methodist Protestant Church 160

Agriculture, Department of .327

Albanian Orthodox Church t 84 Alliance for Promoting International friendship Through the

Churches, World ... 350

Alliance Francaise . - - 340

Alliance of Reformed Churches Throughout the World Holding

the Presbyterian System . . - 175

Allied Citizens of America . . 368

Allied Loyalty League „ . . 343

Altar League, Family . . 300

Amana Society . 71

American and Foreign Christian Union 336

American Association for International Conciliation 343

American Association for Labor Legislation . 353

American Association for Organizing Family Social Work 352

American Association of Hospital Social Workers 353

American Association of University Women. . _ . 315

American Bible Society . 299

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 318

American Catholic Church . . 12

American Child Health Association 353 American Colleges, Association of .... 302

American Civic Association . . 353

American Committee for Devastated France . . . 336 American Committee for the Italian Evangelical Church at

Geneva, Switzerland . 336

American Committee for the Outlawry of War 340

American Council, National 346

American Council on Education . 301

American Country Life Association . . 353

American Ethical Union (Society for Ethical Culture) 235

American Federation of Labor. .... .,_ 354

American Federation of Teachers . 302

American Friends Service Committee . ..336

American Home Economics Association ... 354

American Humane Education Society 302

American Japanese Relations, National Committee on 346

American Jewish Committee (Inc.) 354

American Jugo-Slav Society 340

447

448 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

American Legion. 343

American Me All Association 337

American Missionary Association (Inc.) 334

American Mission to Lepers (Inc.) . 318

American Methodist Episcopal Church, African 161

American National Red Cross . 333 and 337

American Patriotic League . 343

American Peace Society (Inc.) . 344

American Prison Association 354

American Relief Administration (Inc.) 337

American Relief Committee for Hungarian Sufferers 337

American Rescue Workers 15 American Responsibility in Haiti and Santo Domingo, Joint

Committee on . . 345

American Scandinavian Foundation . 340

American School Citizenship League 344

American Seamen's Friend Society - 354

American Social Hygiene Association 355

American Sunday School Union 309

American Tract Society ~ 300

American Union Against Militarism 340

American Waldensian Aid Society ... . . 338

Amish Mennonite Church (Conservative) 131

Amish Mennonite Church, Old Order . 131

Andrew and Philip, Brotherhood of. . 342

Anna T. Jeannes Foundation (Negro Rural School Fund) 308

Anti-Saloon League of America „ 369

Apostolic Christian Church 93

Apostolic Church 93

Apostolic Church, Assyrian Jacobite . 17

Apostolic Church, Catholic - . 52

Apostolic Church, Finnish 125

Apostolic Church of North America, New. . 53

Apostolic Church, Reformed Zion Union (Colored) 161

Apostolic Faith Movement 93

Apportionment of Army Chaplains to the Churches 379 Apportionment of Navy Chaplains to the Churches During the

War - . 388 Armenia America Society 338 Armenian Church in America . 14 Army and Navy Chaplains (Federal Council), General Com- mittee on 268 and 377

Army Chaplains, Law as to . 378

Army Chaplains, List of Regular . .380

Army Officers7 Reserve Corps 383

Army Relief Society (Inc.) ,. . . 355

Assemblies of God 16

Associate Presbyterian Church (Associate Synod of North

America) 195

Associate Reformed Presbyterian Synod . 189 Associate Synod of North America (Associate Presbyterian

Church) . . . . 195

Association for International Conciliation, American . . 343

Association for Labor Legislation, American . . 353

Association for Organizing Family Social Work, American 352 Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National 307

Association for the Promotion of Christian Unity 315

Association for the Study of Negro Life and History . 306

General Index 449

PAGE

Association in Support of National Prohibition . . . 369

Association of American Colleges . . 302

Association of Colleges for Negro Youth „ . 306

Association of Colored Women, National . 307

Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools, International 311

Association of Daily Bible Schools, World . . . 313

Association of Hospital Social Workers, American . 353

Association of Teachers in Colored Schools, National 307

Association of Travelers' Aid Societies, National . . . 358

Association of University Women, American . 315

Association to Abolish War 340

Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church . 17

Augustana Synod . „ . 120

Authors7 League of America (Inc.) . . . 302

Bahai Movement . . 19

Baltic American Society (Inc.) „ . 338

Baptist Bodies . .19

Baptist — Northern Baptist Convention. . 24

Baptist — Southern Baptist Convention . 28

Baptist — National Baptist Convention (Colored) 30

Colored Free Will Baptists ... .36

Duck River and Kindred Associations of Baptists (Baptist

Church of Christ) . 40

Free Baptists ... .35

Free Will Baptists 35

Free Will Baptists (Bullockites) 36

General Baptists . 37

Primitive Baptists 40

Primitive Baptists (Progressive) 41

Regular Baptists . 39

Scandinavian Independent Baptists . 41

Separate Baptists . 38

Seventh Day Baptists. . 33

Six-Principle Baptists . 32

Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists 42

United Baptists . .... 39

Baptist Brethren, Old Order German . . 46

Belgium, Friends of . 340

Belgium Protestant Committee of Union 292

Bethany Girls . . .372

Bible, Devotional and Evangelism . . 299

Bible Society, American 299

Biblical Seminary in New York . 309

Bibliography of the Federal Council . . 439

Big Brother Movement . 341

Big Sisters (Inc.) ... 372

Blue Anchor Society . ... .. 355

Board for Vocational Education, Federal. . . . 332

Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, American . 318

Board of Indian Commissioners ..... . 327

Board of Mediation and Conciliation, United States 333

Bodies Affiliated with the Federal Council. . ... 256

Bohemian and Moravian Brethren Churches, Independent 165 Bohemian and Moravian Brethren in America, Evangelical

Union of ... . ... ... 165

Boy Scouts of America. . ... 341

Boys' Club Federation . .. . . 342

450 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Brethren Church of North America, Mennonite 133

Brethren Church (Progressive Bunkers) 46

Brethren (German Baptist Bunkers) 43

Brethren Church (Progressive Bunkers) . 46

Church of God (New Bunkards) 47

Church of the Brethren (Conservative Bunkers) 43

German Seventh Bay Baptists 48

Old Order German Baptist Brethren . 46

Brethren in Christ, Mennonite . . 133

Brethren in Christ of United States and Canada 50

Brethren, Plymouth - 49

Brethren, River , . 50

Brethren, Social . . 234

Brotherhood Federation, World . 314

Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip 342

Buffalo Synod . . „ . .119

Bulgarian Orthodox Church 84

Bullockites (Free Will Baptists) . 36

Bureau of Census . . 328

Bureau of Education . 327

Bureau of Insular Affairs 325

Bureau of Internal Revenue 323

Bureau of Labor Statistics 329

Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates 328

Bureau of Navigation 326

Bureau of Pensions 327

Bureau of Public Health Service 324

Bureau of Vocational Information . 302

By-Laws of the Federal Council, Constitution and 257

Calvinistic Methodist Church, Welsh Presbyterian 189

Camp Fire Girls 372 Canal Zone (Federal Council), Committee on Religious Work

in the . . 269

Carnegie Corporation of New York 303

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 344

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching 303

Carnegie Foundation for International Peace 340

Catholic Apostolic Church 52

Catholic Charities, National Conference of 361

Catholic Church, American . 12

Catholic Church, Old Roman . 13

Catholic Church, Lithuanian National 110

Catholic Church, Polish National 171

Catholic Church, Roman 220

Census, Bureau of . 328

Central American Mission , 319

Central Committee for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of

Europe .. - 296 Central Conference of Mennomtes 134 Central Howard Association (Inc.) 355 Chairmen and Secretaries of the Federal Council and Its Com- missions . . 270 Chaplains' Division of the Navy ,326 and 384 Chaplains (Federal Council), General Committee on Army and

Navy 368 and 377

Chaplains for Hospitals, Committee on , 377

Chaplains in Army During the War by Denominations 382

General Index 451

PAGE

Chautauqua Institution . . . 303

Chicago Tract Society . . 300

Chief of Chaplains of the Army, Office of the . 324 and 378

Child Health Council, National . 359

Child Health Association, American . 353

Child Labor Committee, National 359

Child Study, Federation for . 356

Child Welfare Association, National . 360

Children of the American Revolution, National Society of 347

Children's Aid Society 355

Children's Bureau . . 329

China Inland Mission .... . 319

China Society of America . . 340

Christadelphians . - 54

Christian and Missionary Alliance 55

Christian Church, Advent 9

Christian Church (General Convention) . 56

Christian Church, Apostolic 93

Christian Congregation . . 93

Christian Education (Federal Council), Commissions on . 264

Christian Endeavor, United Society of 313

Christian Family Crusade . . 300

Christian Federation, World's Student 314

Christian League for the Promotion of Purity, National 360

Christian Reformed Church in North America . 218

Christian Temperance Union (National) Women's 371

Christian Union , . .58

Christian Union, American and Foreign . 336

Christian Unity, Association for the Promotion of . 315

Christian Unity Foundation . . . 315

Christian Workers for Fellowship (Colored), Church of the

Living God . ... 66

Church Advertising Department . . . 351

Church Boards of Education, Council of . . . 311

Church and Race Relations (Federal Council), Commission on

the 265

Church and Social Service (Federal Council), Commission on

the . . . 264

Church Federations in Foreign Countries . . 292

Church History, An Outline of 434

Church of Daniel's Band ... ... 94

Church of God, Adventist . . 11

Church of God and Saints of Christ (Colored) 59

Church of God as Organized by Christ . .. 94

Church of God (General Assembly) . .. .63

Church of God in Christ (Mennonite) . 131

Church of God (New Dunkards) . t 47

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints . 105

Church of the Brethren (Conservative Dunkers). . . ^3

Church of the Lutheran Brethren .. . . ..123

Church of the Nazarene 60

Church of the United Brethren in Christ 240

Church of the United Brethren in Christ (Old Constitution) 244

Church Peace Union . ...... . « 344

Church Transcendent .. . . .. . .... 94

Church Workers in Universities, Conference of . 310

Churches of Bible Faith, Non-Sectarian .. . „ . . 168

Churches of Christ. . . 62

452 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Churches of God in Christ Jesus, Adventist 12 Churches of God in North America, General Eldership of the . 64 Churches of the Living God (Colored) 66 Church of the Living God 66 Church of the Living God (Christian Workers for Fellow- ship) . . 66 Church of the Living God, General Assembly 67 Churches of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian) 68 General Church of the New Jerusalem 70 General Convention of the New Jerusalem 68 Citizens Committee of America . 340 Citizens of America, Allied 368 Citizenship League, American School 344 City Federations . . 290 Civic Association, American 353 Civil Service Commission • 331 Civil Service Reform League, National . 333 Colleges, Association of American 302 Colleges for Negro Youth, Association of 306 Colleges, Schools and Universities — See each denomination 7-251 Colored Cumberland Presbyterian Church. . 188 Colored Free Will Baptists .... 36

Colored Methodist Episcopal Church . 157 Colored Methodist Protestant Church . .159 Columbia Institution for the Deaf . . 333 Commerce, Department of . . 328 Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperation . 306 Commission on Southern Race Questions, University 308 Commission on Temperance (Federal Council), National Tem- perance Society and . . 265 Commissioners for Foreign Missions, American Board of 318 Commissions of the Federal Council 263-268 Commission on Christian Education 264 Commission on Council of Churches . 263 Commission on Evangelism and Life Service . 263 Commission on International Justice and Goodwill 266 Commission on Relations with France and Belgium 267 Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies m Europe , 267 Commission on Temperance ... . 265

Commission on the Church and Race Relations . 265 Commission on the Church and Social Service . 264 Committee on Mercy and Relief . 267 Committee on Relations with the Orient . . 266 Committee for Constructive Immigration Legislation, National 346 Committee for Devastated France, American 336 Committee for International Reduction of Armament . 340 Committee for Teaching Citizenship, National . .304 Committee for the Italian Evangelical Church at Geneva, Swit- zerland, American . , 336 Committee for the Outlawry of War, American . 340 Committee for Treaty Ratification . 345 Committee on American Japanese Relations, National . 346 Committee on Chaplains for Hospitals. 377 Committee on Cooperation in Latin- America . . . 319 Committee on Educational Publicity in the Interests of World Peace .... . .. 340

Committee on Foreign Relations, National Educational Associa- tion , , , 340

General Index 453

PAGE

Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students 309

Committee on Organic Unity, Ad Interim ... . . 315

Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor, National 360 Committee on Promotion of Congressional Temperance Legisla- tion . 369 Committee on Utilizing Surveys, Joint . . 358 Committees of the Federal Council . . . 268-269 Committee on Interchange of Preachers and Speakers be- tween the Churches of America, Great Britain and France ... . 268

Committee on Religious Work in the Canal Zone . 269

Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook .. 269

Editorial Council of the Religious Press . . 268 General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains . 268 and 377

Commonwealth Fund ...... . 356

Communistic Societies ..... . 71

Amana Society .„ 71

United Society of Believers, The . . 73

Community Board, National . . 360

Community Motion Picture Bureau . . .. 303

Community Service . . 356

Conference of Catholic Charities, National 361 Conference of Church Workers in Universities in the North

Central Region 310

Conference of Church Workers in Universities of the U. S. 310

Conference of Defenseless Mennonites of North America 134

Conference of Federated Missions in Japan . ... 293

Conference of Jewish Social Service, National . . 361

Conference of Social Work, National . . 361 Conference of Theological Seminaries in the United States and Canada . .... .310

Conference of the Church of Christ on Life and Work, Uni- versal . . .... . 317

Congregational Churches ... 74

Congregational Methodist Church . . 153

Congregational Methodist Church, New . . 153

Congress ... ... . . . 322

Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teachers Association, Na- tional . . . 362

Conservative, Amish Mennonite Church . . 131

Constituency . . . . . .- 399

Constituent Bodies of the Federal Council, Statistics of the . 256

Constitution and By-Laws of the Federal Council . . . 257

Consultative Bodies of the Federal Council. . . 257

Contents, Table of. ... - . . . . 3 Continuation Committee of the World Conference on Faith and

Order, The - . - 316

Continuation Committee of the World Missionary Conference . 320

Cooperating Bodies of the Federal Council.. . .. 257

Correspondents of Churches in Foreign Lands . . . 294

Council for Prevention of War, National . . . . 346

Council of Church Boards of Education... .... . 311

Council of Jewish Women (Inc.) . 373

Council of the Reformed Churches of America Holding the Pres- byterian System. . . . 176

Council of Women for Home Missions ... . . . 334

Council of Women for Home Missions, Statistics . ... . 419

Council on Education, American 301

454 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Council on Foreign Relations . 340

Country Life Association, American 353

Crippled and Disabled Men, Institute for . 357

Crittenton Mission, National Florence 362

Crop Estimates, Bureau of Markets and 328

Cruelty to Animals, Society for the Prevention of 368

Cumberland Presbyterian Church 184

Daily Vacation Bible Schools, International Association of 311 Daily Vacation Bible Schools, World Association of 313 Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 123 Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church, United 123 Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society of the 347 Deaf, Columbia Institute for the 333 Defenseless Mennonites 133 Defenseless Mennonites of North America, Conference of the 134 Denominational Members of the Federal Council . 277 Denominational Representatives of the Administrative Commit- tee of the Federal Council .. 276 Departments of the Government . 323-330 Department of Agriculture . 327 Department of Commerce 328 Department of Justice 325 Department of Labor 329 Department of State 323 Department of the Interior „ 326 Department of the Navy . 325 Department of the Treasury 323 Department of War 324 Department, Post Office 325 Devastated France, American Committee for . 336 Directory of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in

America . 253-296

Directory of Religious Bodies 7-251

Directory of Service Organizations. 298-374

Disabled Men, Institute for Crippled and 357

Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, National Home for 333

Disciples of Christ 7S Distribution Committee of the American Funds for Jewish War

Sufferers, Joint 358 Duck River and Kindred Associations of Baptists (Baptist

Church of Christ) . . 40

Duties of Navy Chaplains, Special. 387

Early Settlers of America — Pioneer American Society 345

Eastern Orthodox Churches . . , ... 82

Albanian Orthodox Church . , 84

Bulgarian Orthodox Church . , 84

Greek Orthodox Church 85

Rumanian Orthodox Church. 86

Russian Orthodox Church . 86

Serbian Orthodox Church ... 87 Syrian Holy Orthodox Greek Catholic Mission in North

America . . 87

Economics Association, American Home . . 354

Ecumenical Methodist Conference . 137

Editorial Council of the Religious Press (Federal Council) 268

Education, American Council on ... 301

General Index 455

PAGE

Education Association, National . 304

Education Association, Religious 312

Education Board, General 303

Education, Bureau of . 327

Education, Council of Church. Boards of . 311

Eielsen Synod . 122

Employment Service, United States . . 330

English-Speaking Union . 340

Episcopal Church, Protestant 196

Episcopal Church, Eeformed 209

Ethical Culture, Society for 235

Evangelical Church (General Conference) 88

Evangelical Protestant Church of North America 91

Evangelical Synod of North America 91 Evangelical Union of Bohemian and Moravian Brethren in

North America . 165

Evangelism and Life Service (Federal Council), Commission on 263

Evangelistic Associations . 93

Apostolic Church . 93

Apostolic Christian Church 93

Apostolic Faith Movement . 93

Christian Congregation 93

Church of Daniel's Band . . ... 94

Church of God as Organized by Christ 94

Church Transcendent . 94

Hephzibah Faith Missionary Association 94

Lumber River Mission . 94

Metropolitan Church Association. 94

Missionary Church Association . . 95

Peniel Missions , 95

Pentecost Bands of the World . . 95

Pillar of Fire (Pentecostal Union) 95

Voluntary Missionary Society in America . 96

Evangelistic Association, Interdenominational . 301

Executive Committee of the Federal Council 271

Faith Missionary Association, Hephzibah 94 Faith Movement, Apostolic . .93 Family Altar League . . . 300 Family Crusade, Christian . . 300 Family Social Work, American Association for Organizing . 352 Farm Management and Farm Economics, Office of . . 328 Fatalities Among Army Chaplains 382 Federal Board for Vocational Education . 332 Federal Council, Bibliography of ... 439 Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America — Sec- tion II . 255 Federal Council of the Evangelical Free Churches 293 Federal Council of Evangelical Free Churches in Sweden 294 Federated Churches of Japan. .. . . 293

Federation for Child Study. .... ... 356

Federation of Churches of Japan . . ... 293

Federation of College Women, National.. . 304

Federation of France, Protestant .. 293

Federation of German Evangelical Churches . . 293

Federation of Labor, American . 354

Federation of Religious Liberals, National 316

Federation of Settlements, National . ... 362

456 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Federation of Teachers, American 302

Federation of the Evangelical Churches of Spam 294

Federation of University Women, International 341 Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions of North

America . 320

Federation of Women's Clubs, General . 316

Federations in Foreign Countries, Church 292

Federations, State 290

Fellowship of Reconciliation 340

Finnish Apostolic Church 125

Finnish Evangelical Lutheran National Church of America 125

Florence Cnttenton Mission, National 362

Flower and Fruit Guild, National Plant 364

Flying Squadron Foundation 369

Foreign Christian Union, American and 336

Foreign Missionary Society, Yale. 322

Foreign Mission Statistics 402

Foreign Missions Conference of North America 320

Foreign Policy Association „ 345

Foreword . 5

Former Presidents of the Federal Council 269

Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Carnegie 303 France and Belgium (Federal Council), Commission on Relations

with 267

France-America Society 340

Free Baptists ... 35

Free Christian Zion Church of Christ (Colored) . 96

Free Church, Lutheran 122 Free Church Association of North America, Norwegian-Danish

Evangelical . 231

Free Church, Swedish Evangelical 232

Free Methodist Church of North America 149

Free Nations Association, League of 345

Free Will Baptists 35

Free Will Baptists (Bullockites) 36

Free Will Baptists, Colored , 36

French Protestant Committee . 293

Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students, Committee on 309

Friends . . 96

Friends (Primitive) 100

Orthodox Conservative Friends (Wilburite) . 100

Society of Friends (Hicksite) . 99

Society of Friends (Orthodox) 97

Friends of Belgium . . 340

Friends of Mexico . . 340

Friends of Rumania, The Society of the 341

Friends of the Temple (Temple Society) 236

Friends Service Committee, American 336

Funds for Jewish War Sufferers, Joint Distribution Committee

of the American . 358

Gains and Losses, Church Membership 398

General Assembly, Church of God , .„ 63

General Assembly, Church of the Living God . ,. 67

General Baptists . . . 37

General Church of the New Jerusalem 70 General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains (Federal Council) . 268 and 37?

General Index 457

PAGE

General Conference of Mennonites of North America . 132

General Convention of the New Jerusalem . . 68

General Education Board . . 303

General Eldership of the Churches of God m North America 64

General Federation of Women's Clubs. . . 316

General Synod, Reformed Presbyterian Church 194

German Baptists Brethren, Old Order 46

German Baptist Bunkers, Brethren 43

German Seventh Day Baptists 48

Gideons . . 300

Gift Mission, American Branch, Scripture 301

Girl Scouts (Inc.) ..... 373

Girls, Camp Fire ... ... . 372

Girls' Friendly Society in America . 373

Good Templars, International Order, of . . 370

Governmental Agencies . . . 322

Greek Orthodox Church . . 85

Grenfell Association of America (Inc.) . . .. 321

Growth in Membership Compared with Population 399

Haiti and Santo Domingo, Joint Committee on American Re- sponsibility in . 345

Health Council, National . .. 362

Health Service, Bureau of Public .. 324

Hephzibah Faith Missionary Association 94

Hicksite Society of Friends . .99

Highway Education Board .... . . . 304

Holiness Church ..... .100

Holiness Church, Pilgrim .170

Holiness Church, Pentecostal ... . 169

Home Economics Association, American . 354

Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, National . 333

Home Mission Statistics .... . . 413

Home Missions 334

Home Missions Council . . ... 335

Home Missions Council Statistics... ... 414

Home Missions, Council of Women for . 334

Hospital for Mental Diseases, Lebanon . . . 321

Hospital Social Workers, American Association of 353

House of Representatives ... . . 322

Howard Association (Inc.), Central.. . ... 355

Huguenot Association . . 339

Huguenot Society of America .. ... 339

Huguenot Society of London . . . 339

Huguenot Society of New Jersey.. . . 339

Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania . .339

Huguenot Society of South Carolina . ... 339

Humane Education Society, American .. 302

Hungarian Sufferers, American Relief Committee for . 337

Hutterian Brethren ... . 131

Hygiene Association, American Social . . 355

Icelandic Synod of North America . 124

Immigration Legislation, National Committee for Constructive 346

Independent Churches 101

Independent Bohemian and Moravian Brethren Churches .. . 165

Independent Congregations 129

Indian Affairs, Office of 327

458 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Indian Association, National 363

Indian Commissioners, Board of 327

Indian Rights Association 356

Information Bureau, National 363

Inland Mission, China ... 319

Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men 357

Institute of International Education 340

Institution for the Deaf, Columbia 333

Insular Affairs, Bureau of 325 Interchange of Preachers and Speakers between the Churches

of America, Great Britain and France, Committee on 268

Intercollegiate Prohibition Association 370

Interdenominational Evangelistic Association 301

Interior, Department of the 326

Internal Revenue, Bureau of. . . 323

International Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools 311

International Conciliation, American Association for 343

International Federation of University Women . 341 International Friendship Through the Churches, World Alliance

for Promoting .. . . 350 International Goodwill Association 341 International Justice and Goodwill (Federal Council), Commis- sion on 266

International Missionary Council 321

International Order of Good Templars 370

International Order of the Knights of King Arthur 342

International Reform Bureau 357

International Sanitary Bureau 333

International Sunday School Council of Religious Education 311

International Sunday School Lesson Committee 312

Inter-Racial Cooperation, Commission on 306

Interstate Commerce Commission 331

Iowa Synod . .. 119

Italy- America Society. 341

Japan Society . . . 341

Jehovah Conference . . . 120

Jewish Committee (Inc.), American 354

Jewish (Representative National Organizations) 102

Jewish Social Service, National Conference of 361

Jewish Welfare Board .. 357

Jewish Women (Inc.), Council of 373

John F. Slater Fund . 308 Joint Committee of the Home Missions Council and the Council

of Women for Home Missions 335 Joint Committee on American Responsibility in Haiti and Santo

Domingo .. . . 345

Joint Committee on Utilizing Surveys 358 Joint Distribution Committee of the American Funds for Jewish

War Sufferers . . 358 Joint Synod of Ohio. 118 Joint Wisconsin Synod 128 Jugo-Slav Society, American 340 Julius Rosenwald Fund (Rural School Buildings) 306 Justice and Goodwill (Federal Council), Commission on Inter- national 266

General Index 459

PAGE

Justice, Department of 325

King's Daughters and Sons, International Order . 374

Kleine Gemeinde . . 134

Knights of King Arthur, International Order of the 342

Krimmer Mennonite Brethren Church . 133

Labor, American Federation of . . 354

Labor, Department of . . 329

Labor Legislation, American Association for . 353

Labor Statistics, Bureau of 329

Largest Protestant Bodies . .400

Latin-America, Committee on Cooperation in . . 319

Latter Day Saints . . . 105

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 105 Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 109

Law as to Army Chaplains . . . . 378

League, Allied Loyalty 343

League for the Promotion of Purity, National Christian . 360

League of Free Nations Association ... . . 345

League of Nations Non-Partisan Association 346

League of Ked Cross Societies... , . 338

League of Teachers' Associations, National 305

League of Women Voters, National . . 305

League to Enforce Peace . . 345

' Lebanon Hospital for Mental Diseases .. 321

Lend-a-Hand Society, National . . . 364

Lepers (Inc.), American Mission to 318

Life and Advent Union . . .12 Life Service (Federal Council) , Commission on Evangelism and 263

List of Chaplains in Navy , . 386

List of Chaplains in Regular Army . 380

Lithuanian National Catholic Church . .110

Living God (Colored), Church of the 66

Lord's Day Alliance of the United States . . 352

Loyalty League, Allied . . . 343

Lumber River Mission . 94

Lutherans .. . . 110

Augustana Synod . . . 120

Buffalo Synod . . . 119

Church of the Lutheran Brethren .. . 123

Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church m America . 123

Eielsen Synod ... .... 122

Finnish Apostolic Church.. . . 125

Finnish Evangelical Lutheran National Church of America 125

Icelandic Synod of North America . 124

Independent Congregations 129

Iowa Synod . . 119

Jehovah Conference . 120

Joint Synod of Ohio . 118

Joint Wisconsin Synod ... ... . 128

Lutheran Free Church . ... 122

Missouri Synod . ..... 127

National Lutheran Council . . . 114

Negro Mission . 129

Norwegian Lutheran Church . . . 120 Norwegian Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . .. 129

Slovak Evangelical Lutheran Synod . 128

460 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Suomi Synod - 124

Synodical Conference . 125

United Danish. Evangelical Lutheran Church 123

United Lutheran Church in America, The 114

Magna Charta Day Association 312

Manners' Family Asylum * 358

Market and Crop Estimates, Bureau of 328

McAll Association, American 337

Members of the Federal Council at Large 277

Members of the Federal Council, Denominational 271

Membership Gains and Losses 398

Mennonite Bodies . 129

Amish Mennonite Church (Conservative) 131

Central Conference of Mennonites . 134

Church of God in Christ (Mennonite) 131

Conference of Defenseless Mennonites of North America 134

Defenseless Mennonites . 133

General Conference of Mennonites of North America 132

Hutterian Brethren 131

Kleme Gemeinde . 134

Krimmer Mennonite Brethren Church 133

Mennonite Brethren in Christ 133

Mennonite Brethren Church of North America 133

Mennonite Church . 130

Old Order Amish Mennonite Church 131

Old Order Mennonite (Wisler) . . .131

Reformed Mennonite Church 132

Stauffer Mennonites . 134

Mental Diseases, Lebanon Hospital for 321

Mercy and Relief (Federal Council), Committee on 267

Messianic World Message 134

Methodist Bodies . . . 135

African American Methodist Episcopal Church 161

African Methodist Episcopal Church 154

African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church 156

African Union Methodist Protestant Church 160

Colored Methodist Episcopal Church 157

Colored Methodist Protestant Church 159

Congregational Methodist Church 153

Ecumenical Methodist Conference 137

Free Methodist Church of North America 149

Methodist Episcopal Church. 137

Methodist Episcopal Church, South 143

Methodist Protestant Church 147

New Congregational Methodist Church 153

Primitive Methodist Church . 152

Reformed Methodist Union Episcopal Church (Colored) . 162

Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church (Colored) .. 161

Union American Methodist Episcopal Church 159

Wesleyan Methodist Connection of America 150

Metropolitan Church Association , . 94

Mission Covenant, Swedish Evangelical 230

Mission to Lepers (Inc.), American 318

Missionary Alliance, Christian and .. 55

Missionary Association (Inc.), American . , .. 334

Missionary Church Association . . ..95

Missionary Conference, Continuation Committee of the World 320

General Index 461

PAGE

Missionary Council, International . . 321

Missionary Education Movement . . 312

Missions Conference of North. America, Foreign 320

Missions Council, Home ... . 335

Missions, Home . . .... 334

Missouri Synod . .. 127

Moravian Bodies . ... 162

Evangelical Union of Bohemian and Moravian Brethren in

North America . . 3g65

Independent Bohemian and Moravian Brethren Churches . 165

Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum) . . 162 Mothers' and Parent-Teachers' Association, National Congress

of . 362

Motion Picture Bureau, Community . . 303

National American Council . . . . 346

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 307

National Association of Audubon Societies . . . 358

National Association of Colored Women . 307

National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools . 307

National Association of Travelers' Aid Societies . 358

National Baptist Convention (Colored) . . 30

National Board of Review of Motion Pictures . . 359

National Catholic Church, Polish ... 171

National Child Health Council .. 359

National Child Labor Committee . 359

National Child Welfare Association . . 360

National Christian League for the Promotion of Purity . 360

National Civil Service Reform League .. . 333

National Committee for Constructive Immigration Legislation.. . 346

National Committee for Teaching Citizenship .... . . 304

National Committee on American Japanese Relations. . 346

National Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor .. 360

National Community Board . . 360

National Conference of Catholic Charities . 361

National Conference of Jewish. Social Service „ . . 361

National Conference of Social Work. . . . 361

National Congress of Mothers' and Parent-Teachers' Association 362

National Council for Prevention of War. 346

National Council of the Evangelical Free Churches. . . 292

National Council of Women, Committee on Permanent Peace .. 341

National Education Association . . . 304

National Federation of College Women . 304

National Federation of Religious Liberals - . ... 316

National Federation of Settlements . .... 362

National Florence Crittenton Mission . . . 362

National Guard Chaplains . . 384

National Health Council .... , 362

National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers 333

National Indian Association ., 363

National Information Bureau. ... . . 363

National League of Teachers' Associations . . . . 305

National League of Women Voters . . 305

National Lend-a-Land Society. 364

National Lutheran Council . . 114

National Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild .. 364

National Physical Education Service . . 305

National Probation Association , . . .364

462 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

National Red Cross, American 333-337

National Eeform Association 364

National Sabbath Alliance, Women's 352

National Safety Council 365

National Society of the Children of the American Revolution 347 National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution . 347

National Spiritualists' Association . 166

National Story Tellers7 League 305

National Temperance Bureau 370 National Temperance Society and Commission on Temperance

(Federal Council) . 265

National Testament and Tract League 301

National Urban League 307

National Women's Trade Union League of America 365

Naval Hospital . 326

Naval Medical School 326

Navy Chaplains 384

Navy Chaplains, Duties of 387

Navy Chaplains, General Committee on Army and 268 and 377

Navy Chaplains, List of . 386

Navy, Department of the 325

Navy, Office of the Chief Chaplain of the 384

Navy Officers' Reserve Corps 388

Nazarene, Church of the . . 60

Near East Relief . 339

Negro Life and History, Association for the Study of 306

Negro Mission 129

Negro National Educational Congress 308

Negro Rural School Fund (Anna T. Jeannes Foundation) 308

Neighbors' League of America 365

Netherlands-America Foundation 341

New Apostolic Church of North America 53

New Congregational Methodist Church 153

New York Council for International Cooperation to Prevent

War ... 348

New York Foundation 366

New York Peace Society 348

New York Sabbath Committee 352

Non-Partisan Association, League of Nations 346

Non-Sectarian Churches of Bible Faith 168

Northern Baptist Convention 24 Norwegian-Danish Evangelical Free Church Association of

North America . . 281

Norwegian Lutheran Church 120

Norwegian Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church 129

Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics 328

Office of Indian Affairs 327

Office of the Chief of Chaplains of the Army . 324 and 378

Office of the Chief of Chaplains of the Navy . . 384

Officers of the Executive Committee of the Federal Council 271

Officers of the Federal Council for the Quadrennium 269

Officers' Reserve Corps, Army 383

Officers' Reserve Corps, Navy 388

Ohio Synod, Joint . . ng

Old Order Amish Mennonite Church 131

Old Order German Baptist Brethren 46

Old Order Mennomtes (Wisler) , 131

General Index 463

PAGE

Old Order, or Yorker Brethren . . 52

Old Roman Catholic Church . . 13

Order of Good Templars, International . . . 370

Organic Unity, Ad Interim Committee on 315

Orthodox Church, Swedish . . 14

Orthodox Churches, Eastern 82

Orthodox Conservative Friends (Wilburite) 100

Orthodox Society of Friends 97

Outline of Church History 434

Pan-American Union 330

Pan-Pacific Association 341

Patriotic League, American - 343

Peace Association of Friends . . . - 341

Peace Association of Friends in America . 341

Peace Foundation, "World 350

Peace Society (Inc.), American 344

Peace Society, Women's 348

Peace Union, Church 344

Peniel Missions 95

Pensions, Bureau of 327

Pentecost Bands of the World 95

Pentecostal Holiness Church .. . .169

Permanent Blind War Relief Fund 366 Permanent Commissions of the Federal Council of Churches .263-268 Permanent Committees of the Federal Council of Churches 268-269

Phelps Stokes Fund . 308

Physical Education Service, National 305

Pillar of Fire (Pentecostal Union) . . 95

Pilgrim Holiness Church . . . 170

Pioneer American Society — Early Settlers of America 345

Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild, National . . . . 364

Playground and Recreation Association, National Physical Edu- cation Service . ... 366

Playground and Recreation Association of America . 366

Plymouth Brethren ... . .49

Pocket Testament League . . . 301

Poland-America Society . 341

Polish National Catholic Church . .171

Post Office Department . 325

Predestinarian Baptists, Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit 42

Presbyterian Bodies .... . 173

Alliance of Reformed Churches Throughout the World Hold- ing the Presbyterian System . . 175 Associate Reformed Presbyterian Synod . . 189 Associate Synod of North America (Associate Presbyterian Church) . . ... 195

Colored Cumberland Presbyterian Church. . . 188 Council of the Reformed Churches of America Holding the

Presbyterian System .... .. 176

Cumberland Presbyterian Church... . . . 184

Presbyterian Church in the United States, .. 182

Presbyterian Church m the United States of America 176

Reformed Presbyterian Church, General Synod 194

Reformed Presbyterian Church (Old School) . .. 190

United Presbyterian Church. . . . 186

Welsh Presbyterian Church (Calvinistic Methodist) . 189

Present Apportionment of Navy Chaplains to the Churches 385

464 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Presidents of the Federal Council, Former 269

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Society for the 368

Primitive Baptists ... . 40

Primitive Baptists (Progressive) . 41

Primitive Friends. . - 100

Primitive Methodist Church 152

Prison Association, American... . . 354

Prisons and Prison Labor, National Committee on 360

Probation Association, National 364

Progressive Spiritualist Church 167

Prohibition Association, Intercollegiate 370

Prohibition Federation, World 371

Prohibition in the U. S. of America - 427

Prohibition National Committee . 371

Promotion of Christian Unity, Association for the 315

Protestant Church of North America, Evangelical 91

Protestant Episcopal Church 196

Protestant Federation of France . 293

Protestant Protective Unity League. 366

Public Health Service, Bureau of. , 324

Purity Federation, World's . . 368

Quadrennium 1920-1924, Officers of the Federal Council for the 269 Race Relations (Federal Council), Commission on the Church

and . . . 265

Railroad Board, United States . 331

Ratification, Committee for Treaty . 345 Recreation Association, National Physical Education Service,

Playground and . . . 305 Recreation Association of America, Playground and 366 Red Cross, American National . 333 and 337 Red Cross Societies, League of 338 Reform Association, National . . 364 Reformed Bodies . . _ 211 Christian Reformed Church in North America . 218 Reformed 'Church in America . 212 Reformed Church in the United States, . 215 Reform Bureau, International ... . 357 Reformed Churches Throughout the World Holding the Presby- terian System, Alliance of 175 Reformed Episcopal Church 209 Reformed Mennonite Church . .132 Reformed Methodist Union Episcopal Church (Colored) 162 Reformed Presbyterian Church, General Synod . 194 Reformed Presbyterian Church (Old School) 190 Reformed Presbyterian Synod, Associate .. 189 Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church (Colored) 161 Regular Army Chaplains, List of . 380 Regular Baptists ... 39 Relations with France and Belgium (Federal Council) , Commis- sion on .... . 267

Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe (Federal Council)

Commission on . , 267

Relative Growth Roman Catholics and Protestants, 1890-1922 401

Relief Administration (Inc.), American . 337

Relief Committee for Hungarian Sufferers, American 337

Relief (Federal Council), Committee on Mercy and 267

General Index 465

PAGE

Relief Society (Inc.), Army 355 Religious Bodies in Europe (Federal Council), Commission on

Relations with 267

Religious Bodies, Directory of . 7-251

Religious Education Association 312

Religious Liberals, National Federation of 316

Religious Outlook (Federal Council), Committee on the War and

the 269

Religious Periodicals, Representative Non-Sectarian 351

Religious Press (Federal Council), Editorial Council of the 268

Religious Work in the Canal Zone (Federal Council), Committee

on 269

Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints . 109

Representative Non-Sectarian Religious Periodicals 351

Representatives, House of . 322

Rescue Workers, American . . 15

Research Department, Commission on the Church and Social

Service (Federal Council) 264

Rockefeller Foundation 305

Roman Catholic Church 220

Roman Catholic Church, Old 13

Rosenwald Fund (Rural School Buildings), Julius 306

Rumanian Orthodox Church 86

Russell Sage Foundation 367

Russian Orthodox Church 86

Russian Refuge Relief Society of America (Inc.) 340

Sabbath Alliance, Women's National 352

Sabbath Committee, New York 352

Sailors' Snug Harbor 367

Saints of Christ (Colored), Church of God and 59

Salvation Army 227

Sanitary Bureau, International 333

Scandinavian Evangelical Bodies 230 Norwegian-Danish Evangelical Free Church Association 231

Swedish Evangelical Free Church 232

Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant 230

Scandinavian Foundation, American . 340

Scandinavian Independent Baptists 41

School Citizenship League, American . 344

Schools and Universities, Colleges — see each denomination 7-251

Schwenkfelders . _ 233

Scientific Temperance Federation 371

Scouts (Inc.), Girl 373

Scouts of America, Boy . . 341

Scripture Grift Mission (American Branch) 301

Seamen's Friend Society, American . 354

Senate . 322

Separate Baptists . 38

Serbian Orthodox Church 87

Seven Largest Protestant Groups 400

Seventh Day Adventists 10

Seventh Day Baptists , . 33

Six Principle Baptists . 32

Slater Fund, John F. 308

Slovak Evangelical Lutheran Synod . 128

Smithsonian Institution . 330

Social Brethren . .. 234

466 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Social Hygiene Association, American . 355 Social Service (Federal Council), Commission on the Church

and . 264

Social Work, American Association for Organizing Family 352

Social Work, National Conference of 361

Social Workers, American Association of Hospital 353

Society for Ethical Culture (The American Ethical Union) 235

Society for the Friendless 368

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 368

Society of Children of the American Revolution, National 347

Society of Christian Endeavor, United . - 313

Society of Friends (Hicksite) 99

Society of Friends (Orthodox) . 97

Society of Sponsors of the United States Navy 348

Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, National 347

Society of the Friends of Rumania . 341

Society to Eliminate the Economic Causes of War 341

Soldiers' Home, United States 333

Sons of Temperance (National Division of North America) 371

Sons of the Revolution in the State of New York 348

Southern Baptist- Convention 28

Southern Cooperative League for Education and Social Service 306

Special Societies . 340

Alliance Francaise „ 340

American Committee for the Outlawry of War 340

American Jugo-Slav Society 340

American-Scandinavian Foundation 340

American Union Against Militarism , 340

Association to Abolish War 340

Carnegie Foundation for International Peace 340

CMna Society of America . 340

Citizens Committee of America . 340

Committee for International Reducation of Armament 340

Committee on Educational Publicity in the Interests of

World Peace , . . 340 Committee on Foreign Relations, National Educational

Association . . 340

Council on Foreign Relations 340

English-Speaking Union . , . . 340

Fellowship of Reconciliation 340

France- America Society 340

Friends of Belgium.. . . 340

Friends of Mexico 340

Institute of International Education 340

International Federation of University Women 341

International Goodwill Association . 341

Italy- America Society , 341

Japan Society . 341 National Council of Women, Committee on Permanent

Peace . .. 341

Netherlands-America Foundation 341

Pan-Pacific Association , . 341

Peace Association of Friends . 341

Peace Association of Friends in America , 341

Poland-America Society . 341

Society to Eliminate the Economic Causes of War . 341

Sponsors of the United States Navy, Society of . . 348

468 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Travelers' Aid Societies, National Association 358

Treasury, Department of the 323

Treaty Ratification, Committee for 345

Trustees of the Federal Council 262

Two-Seed- m-the- Spirit Predestmarian Baptists 42

Union Against Militarism, American 340

Union American Methodist Episcopal Church 159

Union, American Sunday School 309

Union Apostolic Church (Colored), Reformed Zion 161

Union, Christian 58

Union Methodist Protestant Church, African 160

Union Missionary Society of America, Women's 322 Union of Bohemian and Moravian Brethren in North America,

Evangelical 165 Union of Swiss Reformed Churches 294 Unitarian Churches 238 United Baptists 39 United Brethren Bodies 240 Church of the United Brethren in Christ 240 Church of the United Brethren m * Christ (Old Constitu- tion) , , J ' 244 United Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church 123 United Lutheran Church in America, The 114 United Presbyterian Church 186 United Protestant Committee for War Aid in France and Bel- gium . 293 United Society of Believers 73 United Society of Christian Endeavor . 313 United States Board of Mediation and Conciliation 333 United States Employment Service 330 United States Railroad Board 331 United States Soldiers' Home 333 United States Veterans* Bureau 331 United Zion's Children 52 Unity, Ad Intenum Committee on 315 Universal Brotherhood and Theosophical Society 237 Universal Conference of the Church of Christ on Life and

Work 317

Universalist Churches 246 Universities, Colleges, Schools and (see each denomination) 7-251

University Commission on Southern Race Questions 308

University Women, American Association of 315

Urban League, National 307

Vacation Bible Schools, International Association of Daily . 311

Vacation Bible Schools, World Association of Daily 313

Vedanta Society * 251

Veterans' Bureau, United States 331

Vice Presidents of the Federal Council 269

Vocational Information, Bureau of 302

Vocational Education, Federal Board for 332

Vocational Training Headquarters 389

Voluntary Missionary Society in America 96

Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, Student 321

Volunteers of America 250

Waldensian Aid Society, American , , , , , , , 338

General Index 469

PAGE

War and the Religious Outlook (Federal Council), Committee on

the . 269 War Department General Staff 324 War, Department of 324 War Relief Fund, Permanent Blind 366 War Risk and Rehabilitation 389 Welsh Presbyterian Church (Calvmistic Methodist) 189 Wesleyan Methodist Connection of America 150 White House 322 Wilbunte, Orthodox Conservative Friends 100 Wisconsin Synod, Joint 128 Woman's National Sabbath Alliance 352 Wisler, Old Order Mennonites 131 Woman's Pro-League Council 341 Women for Home Missions, Council 334 Women Voters, National League of 305 Women's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America, Federa- tion of 320 Women's Bureau 329 Women's Christian Temperance Union (National) 371 Women's Clubs, General Federation of 316 Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 341 Women's National Sabbath Alliance 352 Women's Peace Society 348 Women's Trade Union League of America, National 365 Women's Union Missionary Society of America 322 Woodrow Wilson Foundation . 349 World Alliance for Promoting International Fuendship Through

the Churches 350 World Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools (Far East

and Foreign Departments) 318 World Brotherhood Federation . 314 World Conference on Faith and Order, The Continuation Com- mittee of the 316 World Friendship Information Bureau 341 World Missionary Conference, Continuation Committee of the 320 World Peace Foundation 350 World Prohibition Federation 371 World's Purity Federation 368 World's Student Christian Fedeiation 314 World's Sunday School Association . 314 World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union . . 372

Yale Foreign Missionary Society . 322

Yorker Brethren, Old Order of - 52 Young Men's Christian Association, International Committee 342 Young Women's Christian Associations of the United States of

America 374

Zion Church, African Methodist Episcopal 156

Zion Church of Christ (Colored), Free Christian . 96

Zion Union Apostolic Chuich (Colored), Reformed 161

470 Year Book of the Churches

Index to Directory of Religious Bodies

SECTION I

PAGE

Adventist Bodies, General Statement 9

Advent Christian Church 9

Church of God, Adventist 11

Churches of God in Christ Jesus, Adventist 12

Life and Advent Union 12

Seventh Day Adventist 10

African Orthodox Church 14

American Catholic Church . 12

American Rescue Workers 15

Armenian Church in America 14

Assemblies of God . 16

Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church 17

Bahai Movement . 19

Baptist Bodies, General Statement 19

Baptist — Northern Baptist Convention 24

Baptist — Southern Baptist Convention 28

Baptist — National Baptist Convention (Colored) 30

Colored Free Will Baptists . 36

Duck River and Kindred Associations of Baptists 40

Free Baptists . 35

Free Will Baptists 35

Free Will Baptists (Bullockites) 36

General Baptists . 37

Primitive Baptists . . 40

Primitive Baptists (Progressive) 41

Regular Baptists . 39

Scandinavian Independent Baptists 41

Separate Baptists 38

Seventh Day Baptists . 33

Six Principle Baptists 32

Twp-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists 42

United Baptists 39

Brethren (German Baptist Dunkers) 43

Brethren Church (Progressive Dunkers) 46

Church of God (New Dunkards) 47

Church of the Brethren (Conservative) 43

German Seventh Day Baptists t 48

Old Order German Baptist Brethren 46

Brethren, Plymouth 49

Brethren, River, General Statement 50

Brethren in Christ of United States and Canada 50

Old Order or Yorker Brethren 52

United Zion's Children 52

Catholic Apostolic Church 52

Christadelphians . 54 Christian and Missionary Alliance , 55

Christian Church (General Convention) 56

Christian Union . . 58

Church of God and Saints of Christ (Colored) 59

Church of the Nazarene . . 60

Churches of Christ . 62

Church of God, General Assembly - 63 Churches of God in North America, General Eldership of the 64

Religious Bodies Index

PAGE

Churches of the Living God . 66

Church of the Living God . . 66 Church of the Living God (Christian Workers for Fellow- ship) .. .... 66

Church of the Living God, General Assembly 67

Churches of the New Jerusalem (Swendenborgian), General

Statement ... 68

General Church of the New Jerusalem 70

General Convention of the New Jerusalem 68

Communistic Societies ... ... 71

Amana Society . . 71

United Society of Believers (Shakers) 73

Congregational Churches 74

Disciples of Christ.. , . 78

Eastern Orthodox Churches, General Statement 82

Albanian Orthodox Church . . 84

Bulgarian Orthodox Church . 84

Greek Orthodox Church (Hellenic) . 85

Rumanian Orthodox Church 86

Russian Orthodox Church.... . . 86

Serbian Orthodox Church. . 87

Syrian Holy Orthodox Greek Catholic Mission in North

America . 87

Evangelical Church (General Conference) 88

Evangelical Protestant Church of North America 91

Evangelical Synod of North America . 91

Evangelistic Associations, General Statement . . 93

Apostolic Christian Church . .93

Apostolic Church . . .93

Apostolic Faith Movement . 93

Christian Congregation. .. 93

Church of Daniel's Band . . 94

Church of God as Organized by Christ . . 94

Church Transcendent .... .94

Hephzibah Faith Missionary Association . 94

Lumber River Mission . . ... 94

Metropolitan Church Association , 94

Missionary Church Association . 95

Peniel Missions . . • 95

Pentecost Bands of the World . .. 95

Pillar of Fire ..... . . 95

Voluntary Missionary Society in America . 96

Free Christian Zion Church of Christ (Colored) 96

Friends, General Statement , 96

Friends (Primitive) ,. 100

Orthodox Conservative Friends (Wilburite) . ... 100

Society of Friends (Hicksite) .* . .99

Society of Friends (Orthodox) . 97

Holiness Church 100

Independent Churches . .,, . -- 101

Jewish - .102

472 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Latter Day Saints 105

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 105 Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 109

Lithuanian National Catholic Church 110

Lutherans, General Statement 110

Augustana Synod 120

Buffalo Synod 119

Church of the Lutheran Brethren 123

Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 123

Eielsen Synod 122

Finnish Apostolic Church 125 Finnish Evaneghcal Lutheran National Church of America 125

Icelandic Synod of North America 124

Independent Congregations 129

Iowa Synod 119

Jehovah Conference 120

Joint Synod of Ohio 118

Joint Wisconsin Synod 128

Lutheran Free Church 122

Missouri Synod 127

National Lutheran Council 114

Negro Mission 129

Norwegian Lutheran Church 120

Norwegian Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church 129

Slovak Evangelical Lutheran Synod 128

Suomi Synod 124

Synodical Conference of North America 125

The United Lutheran Church in America 114

United Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church 123

Mennonite Bodies, General Statement 129

Amish Mennonite Church (Conservative) 131

Central Conference of Mennonites 134

Church of God in Christ (Mennonite) 131 Conference of the Defenseless Mennonites of North

America 134

Defenseless Mennonites 133

General Conference of Mennonites of North America 132

Huttenan Brethren 131

Kleine Gememde 134

Krimmer Mennonite Brethren Church 133

Mennonite Brethren Church 01 North America 133

Mennonite Brethren in Christ 133

Mennonite Church 130

Old Order Amish Mennonite Church 131

Old Order Mennonites (Wisler) 131

Reformed Mennonite Church 132

Stauffer Mennonites 134

Messianic World Message 134

Methodist Bodies, General Statement 135

African American Methodist Episcopal Church 161

African Methodist Episcopal Church 154

African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church 156

African Union Methodist Protestant Church 160

Colored Methodist Episcopal Church 157

Colored Methodist Protestant Church 159

Congregational Methodist Church 153

Ecumenical Methodist Conference 137

Religious Bodies Index 473

PAGE

Free Methodist Church of North America 149

Methodist Episcopal Church . 137

Methodist Episcopal Church, South 143

Methodist Protestant Church 147

New Congregational Methodist Church 153

Primitive Methodist Church 152 Reformed Methodist Union Episcopal Church (Colored) 162

Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church (Colored) 161

Union American Methodist Episcopal Church 159

Wesleyan Methodist Connection of America 150 Moravian Bodies:

Evangelical Union of Bohemian and Moravian Brethren in

North America 165 Independent Bohemian and Moravian Brethren Churches 165

Moravian Church (Umta^ Fratrum) 162

National Spiritualists' Association - 166

New Apostolic Church of North America 161

Non-Sectarian Churches of Bible Faith 168

Old Roman Catholic Church 13

Pentecostal Holiness Church 169 Pilgrim Holiness Church 170 Polish National Catholic Church 171 Presbyterian Bodies, General Statement . 173 Alliance of Reformed Churches Throughout the World Hold- ing the Presbyterian System 175 Associate Reformed Presbyterian Synod . 189 Associate Synod of North America (Associate Presbyterian

Church) 195

Colored Cumberland Presbyterian Church 188 Council of the Reformed Churches of America Holding the

Presbyterian System 176

Cumberland Presbyterian Church 184

Presbyterian Church in the United States of America 176

Presbyterian Church m the United States (South) 182

Reformed Presbyterian Church, General Synod 194

Reformed Presbyterian Church (Old School) . 190

United Presbyterian Church 186

Welsh Presbyterian Church (Calvmistic Methodist) . 189

Progressive Spiritualist Church 167

Protestant Episcopal Church 196

Reformed Episcopal Church 209

Reformed Bodies, General Statement 211

Christian Reformed Church in North America . 218

Reformed Church in America 212

Reformed Church in the United States 215

Roman Catholic Church 220

Salvation Army . 227

Scandinavian Evangelical Bodies, General Statement . 230

Norwegian-Danish Evangelical Free Church Association . 231

Swedish Evangelical Free Church . 232

Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant 230

Schwenkfelders . 233

Social Brethren 234

474 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Society for Ethical Culture (The American Ethical Union) 235

Swedish Orthodox Church 14

Temple Society (Friends of the Temple) 236

Theosophical Societies, General Statement . 236

The Theosophical Society 237

Theosophical Society, American Section 237

Theosophical Society of New York . . 238

Universal Brotherhood and Theosophical Society 237

The Volunteers of America 250

Unitarian Churches ~ 238 United Brethren - 240 Church of the United Brethren in Christ 240 Church of the United Brethren in Christ (Old Constitu- tion) . . 244 Universalist Churches • 246

Vedanta Society 251

Index of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ In America

SECTION II

Administrative Committee . 275

Affiliated Bodies ,. 256

By-Laws 260

Central Committee for Relief of the Evangelical Churches of

Europe . , 296

Chairmen and Secretaries of the Council and Commissions 270

Church Federations in Foreign Countries . 292

Belgium Protestant Committee of Union . 292

Conference of Federated Missions in Japan 293

Federal Council of the Evangelical Free Churches 293

Federal Council of the Evangelical Free Churches in

Sweden . . . 294

Federated Churches of Japan . 293

Federation of German Evangelical Churches 293

Federation of the Evangelical Churches of Spain 294

French Protestant Committee « 293

National Council of Evangelical Free Churches 292

Protestant Federation of France . 293

Union of Swiss Reformed Churches 294 United Protestant Committee for War Aid in France and

Belgium . . ... .293

City Federations . ... 290

Constitution and By-Laws .. , 257

Consultative Bodies . . 257

Cooperating Bodies . . . 257

Correspondents of Churches in Foreign Lands 294

Denominational Agents for Relief 296

Denominational Members 277

Denominational Representatives ' 276

Federal Council Index 475

PAGE

Directory of the Federal Council 269

Executive Committee . . 271

Former Presidents of the Federal Council 269

Members of the Federal Council 269

Officers for the Quadrennram, 1920-1924 269

Permanent Commissions . . . 263

Commission on Christian Education . . 264

Commission en Council of Churches .. . . 263

Commission on Evangelism and Life Service 263

Commission on International Justice and Goodwill . 266

Commission on Relations with France and Belgium . 267

Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe 267

Commission on Temperance . 265

Commission on the Church and Race Relations 265

Commission on the Church and Social Service . 264

Committee en Mercy and Relief . . 267

Permanent Committees 268

Committee on Interchange of Preachers and Speakers Be- tween the Churches of America, Great Britain and

France . . . 268

Committee on Relations with the Orient 266

Committee on Religious Work in the Canal Zone . . .. 269 Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook . .269

Editorial Council of the Religious Press . 268

General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains .. . 268

Plan of Federation , ... 258

State Federations . 290

Statistics of the Constituent Bodies of the Federal Council . 256

Trustees . . 262

Vice Presidents . . 269

Index of Organizations SECTION III

Ad Interim Committee on Organic Unity.. , . . 315

Africa Inland Mission, American Council . . . 317

Allied Citizens of America... . 368

Allied Loyalty League .... . 343

American and Foreign Christian Union . ..... 336

American Association of Hospital Social Workers . 353

American Association of University Women . . . 315

American Association for International Conciliation . . .. 343

American Association for Labor Legislation 353

American Association for Organizing Family Social Work 352

American Bible Society . . 299

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 318

American Child Health Association . . . 353

American Civic Association , . . 353

American Committee for Devastated France . 336

476 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE American Committee for the Evangelical Church at Geneva,

Switzerland *™

American Council on Education ^

American Country Life Association - ^

American Federation cf Laboi %**

American Federation of Teacheis ^*

American Friends Service Committee j^b

American Home Economics Association 354

American Humane Education Society 302

American Jewish Committee (Inc ) &>*

American Legion «j«d

American McAU Association **1

American Mission to Lepers (Inc.) *>io

American Missionaiy Association (Inc.) ^4

American National Eed Cross -^ and d<3 /

American Patriotic League 343

American Peace Society (Ire.) ^4

American Prison Association ^4

American Relief Administration (Inc.) 337

American Relief Corrmttee for Hungarian Sufferers o37

American School Citizenship League 344

American Seamen's Friend Society 354

American Social Hygiene Association 3o5

American Sunday School Union 309

American Tract Society , 300

American Waldensian Aid Society od»

Anna T. Jeannes Foundation, Negro Rural School Fund SOS

Anti-Saloon League of America 369

Armenia America Society 338

Army Relief Society (Inc ) 3o5

Association for the Promotion of Christian Unity o!5

Association for the Study of Negro Life and History 306

Association in Support of National Prohibition 369

Association of American Colleges . 302

Association of Colleges for Negro Youth ^06

Authors' League of America (Inc.) 3v*

Baltic American Society (Inc.) 338

Bethany Girls 372

Biblical Seminary in New York <309

Big Brother Movement, Inc. 341

Big Sisters (Inc.) 372

Blue Anchor Society 355

Board of Indian Commissioners 327

Boy Scouts of America 341

Boys7 Club Federation 342

Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip 342

Bureau of Census 328

Bureau of Education , 327

Bureau of Insular Affairs 325

Bureau of Internal Revenue 323

Bureau of Labor Statistics 329

Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimate 328

Bureau of Navigation 326

Bureau of Pensions • 327

Bureau of Public Health Service 324

Bureau of Vocational Information . 302

Organizations Index 477

PAGE

Camp Fire Girls 373

Carnegie Corporation of New York 303

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 344

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching 303

Central American Mission . 319

Central Howard Association (Inc.) 356 Chaplains' Division of the Navy 326-384

Chautauqua Institution . 303

Chicago Tract Society 300

Children's Aid Society 355

Children's Bureau . 329

China Inland Mission . . 319

Christian Family Crusade . . . 300

Christian Unity Foundation 315

Church Advertising Department 351

Church Peace Union * 344

Civil Service Commission 331

Columbia Institution for the Deaf % 333 Commission on Councils of Churches, State and Local (Federal

Council) 263

Commission on Christian Education (Federal Council) 264

Commission on Evangelism and Life Service (Federal Council) 263 Commission on International Justice and Goodwill (Federal

Council) 266

Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperation 306 Commission on Relations with France and Belgium (Federal

Council) . 267 Commission on Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe (Fed- eral Council) 267 Commission on Relations with the Orient (Federal Council) 266 Commission on the Church and Social Service (Federal Coun- cil) 264 Commission on the Church and Race Relations (Federal Coun- cil) . 265 Committee for Treaty Ratification . 345 Committee on Boy Scout Work (Federal Council) 342 Committee on Cooperation in Latin America . 319 Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students 309 Committee on Mercy and Relief — Relief for Children of Russia

(Federal Council) . . 267 Committee on Promotion of Congressional Temperance Legis- lation . . . ..369 Committee on Religious Work in the Canal Zone (Federal Coun- cil) ... . 269 Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook (Federal

Council) . 269

Commonwealth Fund , 356

Community Motion Picture Bureau . 303 Community Service . .356 Conference of Church Workers in Universities in the North

Central Region . . 310

Conference of Church Workers m Universities of the U. S. . 310

Conference of Theological Seminaries in the U. S. and Canada . 310

Congress .... . 322 Continuation Committee of the World Conference on Faith and

Order, The . 316

Continuation Committee of the World Missionary Conference 320

Council of Church Boards of Education 311

478 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Council of Jewish Women (Inc.) 373

Council of Women for Home Missions 334

Department of Agriculture 327

Department of Commerce 328

Department of Justice 325

Department of Labor 329

Department of State 323

Department of the Interior 326

Department of the Navy . . 325

Department of the Treasury 323

Department of War 324

Early Settlers of America . 345

Editorial Council of the Religious Press (Federal Council) 268

Family Altar League 300

Federal Board for Vocational Education 332

Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America 255-296

Federation for Child Study . 356 Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North

America . ... . 320

Flying Squadron Foundation . 369

Foreign Missions Conference of North America . 320

Foreign Policy Association 345 General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains (Federal

Council) , . , 268

General Education Board 303

General Federation of Women's Clubs 316

Gideons ... 300

Girls' Friendly Society in America . 373

Girl Scouts (Inc.) 373

Grenfell Association of America (Inc.) . 321

Highway Education Board 304

Home Missions . t 334

Home Missions Council . , ] 335

House of Representatives " 322

Huguenot Association . . 339

Huguenot Society of America .. " 339

Huguenot Society of London ' 339

Huguenot Society of New Jersey . 339

Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania " 339

Huguenot Society of South Carolina 339

Indian Rights Association .. 35(5

Intercollegiate Prohibition Association . 370

Interdenominational Evangelistic Association .. . , 301

Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men . 357

International Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools . 311

International Missionary Council . 32 1

International Order of Good Templars 370

International Order of the Knights of Zing Arthur " 342

International Reform Bureau ... 357

International Sanitary Bureau ... 333

International Sunday School Council of Religious Education 311

International Sunday School Lesson Committee 312 Interstate Commerce Commission .

Organizations Index 479

PAGE

Jewish Welfare Board . ... 357 Joint Committee on American Responsibility in Haiti and Santo

Domingo . . . . 345

Joint Committee on Utilizing Surveys . . 358 Joint Committees of the Home Missions Council and the Council

of Women for Home Missions . ... 335 Joint Distribution Committee of the American Funds for Jewish

War Sufferers . . .358

Julius Rosen wald Fund (Rural School Buildings) . . . 306

King's Daughters and Sons (International Order) . 374

League of Free Nations Association . . . 345

League of Nations, Non-Partisan Association . .. . 346

League of Red Cross Societies .... . 338

League to Enforce Peace ... . 345

Lebanon Hospital for Mental Diseases . ... 321

Lord's Day Alliance of the United States . ... 352

Magna Charta Day Association (International) . ... 312 Mariners7 Family Asylum . . .358

Missionary Education Movement 312

National American Council . ... 346

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. . 307

National Association of Audubon Societies 358

National Association of Colored Women . . 307

National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools . 307

National Association of Travelers Aid Societies , .. 358

National Board of Review of Motion Pictures 359 National Child Health Council . . . .359

National Child Labor Committee . .... 359

National Child Welfare Association ... . 860

National Christian League for the Promotion of Purity . . 360

National Civil Service Reform League . . 333

National Committee for Constructive Immigration Legislation 346

National Committee for Teaching Citizenship . . . .... 304

National Committee on American Japanese Relations 346

National Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor . .360

National Community Board ... 360

National Conference of Catholic Charities . . ... 361

National Conference of Jewish Social Service . . .. 361

National Conference of Social Work .... . .361

National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teachers Association . 362 National Council for Prevention of War, ... . ..346

National Education Association . . . 304

National Federation of College Women . . 304

National Federation of Religious Liberals . 316

National Federation of Settlements . 362

National Florence Crittenton Mission .... . 362

National Health Council . 362

National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers... 333

National Indian Association ... . . 363

National Information Bureau . 363

National League of Teachers' Associations . . . . . 305

National League of Women Voters * . 305

National Lend-a-Hand Society . . 364

National Physical Education Service..... . , 305

480 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

National Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild 364

National Probation Association 364

National Eeform Association 364

National Safety Council 365

National Society of Children of the American Eevolution 347

National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution 347

National Story Tellers' League 305

National Temperance Bureau 370

National Temperance Society and Commission on Temperance

(Federal Council) 265

National Testament and Tract League 301

National Urban League 307

National Women's Trade League of America 365

Naval Hospital 326

Naval Medical School 326

Near East Relief 339

Negro National Educational Congress 308

Negro, Rural School Fund, Anna T. Jeannes Foundation 308

Neighbors' League of America 365

New York Council for International Cooperation to Prevent

War 348

New York Foundation 366

New York Peace Society 348

New York Sabbath Committee 352

Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics 328

Office of Indian Affairs 327

Office of the Chief of Chaplains of the Army 324 and 378

Pan-American Union 330 Permanent Blind War Relief Fund 366 Phelps Stokes Fund 308 Playground and Recreation Association, National Physical Edu- cation Service 366 Playground and Recreation Association of America 366 Pocket Testament League 301 Post Office Department 325 Prohibition National Committee 371 Protestant Protective Unity League 366

Religious Education Association 312

Representative Non-Sectarian Religious Periodicals 351

Research Department Commission on the Church and Social

Service (Federal Council) 264

Rockefeller Foundation 305

Russell Sage Foundation 367

Russian Refugee Relief Society of America (Inc.) 340

Sailors* Snug Harbor 367

Scientific Temperance Federation 371

Scripture Gift Mission, American Branch 301

Senate . 322

Slater Fund, John F. 308

Smithsonian Institution 330

Society for the Friendless 368

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 368

Society of Sponsors of the U. S. Navy 34g

Sons of Temperance (National Division of North America) 371

Organizations Index 481

PAGE

Sons of the Revolution in the State of New York 348 Southern Cooperative League for Education and Social Service 306

Special Societies 340

Alliance Francaise . 340

American Committee for the Outlawry of War 340

American Jugo-Slav Society 340

American-Scandinavian Foundation 340

American Union Against Militarism 340

Association to Abolish War 340

Carnegie Foundation for International Peace 340

China Society of America . 340

Citizens' Committee of America . 340

Committee for International Eeduction of Armament 340

Committee on Educational Publicity in the Interest of

World Peace 340 Committee on Foreign Relations, National Education Asso- ciation . . 340 Council on Foreign Relations 340 English- Speaking Union 340 Fellowship of Reconciliation 340 France-America Society 340 Friends of Belgium , . 340 Friends of Mexico 340 Institute of International Education . 340 International Federation of University Women 341 International Goodwill Association 341 Italy-America Society 341 Japan Society . 341 National Council of Women, Committee on Permanent

Peace . 341

Netherlands- America Foundation 341

Pan-Pacific Association . . 341

Peace Association of Friends in America • 341

Peace Association of Friends ... . 341

Poland-America Society 341

Society to Eliminate the Economic Causes of the War . 341

The Society of Friends of Rumania, Inc. 341

Woman's Pro-League Council . 341

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 341

World Friendship Information Bureau 341

States Relation Service ... 328

Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions . 321

Sudan United^ Mission of the U. S. of A. 322

Sulgrave Institution . 349

Sunday School Council of Evangelical Denominations 313

United Society of Christian Endeavor 313

United States Board of Mediation and Conciliation 333

United States Employment Service 330

United States Railroad Labor Board 331

United States Soldiers' Home 333

United States Veterans' Bureau , 331 Universal Conference of the Church of Christ on Life and Work 317

University Commission on Southern Race Questions 308

War Department General Staff .... . 324

White House . . 322

Women's Bureau ,„ , ,, 329

482 Year Book of the Churches

PAGE

Women's Christian Temperance Union (National) 371

Women's National Sabbath Alliance 352

Women's Peace Society . . 348

Women's Union Missionary Society of America 322

Woodrow Wilson Foundation . 349

World Alliance for Promoting International Friendship Through

the Churches 350 World Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools (Far East

and Foreign Departments) 313

World Brotherhood Federation . 314

World Peace Foundation . „ 350

World Prohibition Federation . 371

World's Purity Federation 368

World's Student Christian Federation 314

World's Sunday School Association 314

World's Women's Christian Temperance Union 372

Yale Foreign Missionary Society 322

Young Men's Christian Association, International Committee 342 Young Women's Christian Associations of the United States of

America . 374

Index of Army and Navy Chaplains SECTION IV

Apportionment of Army Chaplains to the Churches 379 Apportionment of Navy Chaplains to the Churches during the

War . . 388

Army Chaplains . 378

Army Officers' Reserve Corps 333

Chaplains in Army During the War by Denominations 381

Chaplains in Regular Army, Number and Grades of , 380

Chaplains in the Navy, March 21, 1923, Number of 384

Committee on Chaplains for Hospitals 377

Committee on Circulating Library 377

Committee on Legislation . . 377

Duties of Navy Chaplains 387

Executive Committee of the General Committee , 377

Fatalities Among Army Chaplains , , 382

General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains , . . . 377

Law as to Army Chaplains , 378

List of Chaplains now in Navy , . . 386

List of Regular Army Chaplains , . , . 380

National Guard Chaplains . . 382 National Memorial Committee , ... 377

Navy Chaplains ... . „ . 384

Navy Officers' Reserve Corps „. ,. ... 388

Office of the Chief Chaplain of the Army . 378

Army and Navy Chaplains Index 483

PAGE

Office of the Head of the Chaplain Division of the Navy . 384

Post-Graduate Study for Navy Chaplains 385

Present Apportionment of Navy Chaplains to the Churches ... 385

Vocational Training Headquarters 389

War Bisk and Rehabilitation 389

Index to Advertisers

American Bible Society. . 493

American Sabbath Tract Society - . . , . 491

American Seaman's Friend Society . 491

Bucknell University .. 485

Century Company ... . . ... 484

Chicago Tract Society . ... 491

Church Plans and Designs . - 487

Cotrell and Leonard . 487

Crozer Theological Seminary . - 485

DeVry Corporation ... - 488

Eden Publishing House - .489

Geissler, Inc., K. . ... 487

GiannM & Hilgart, . . . 486

Judson Press, The .

490

Keuka College . - 486

Kewaunee Manufacturing Co.. . . - - ... 488

Lorenz's Publishing Company . 487

Moller Pipe Organs . . .. - - 'Hoc

Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, The 485

Ostermoor Church Cushions . "Ill

Oxford University Press - - 48J*

Peoples National University . - - - - 486

Rayfield & Co., W. A. . . - - m

St. Augustine's School • ... 486

Vail, Morrison H,. . - ^87

Van Duzen Bells ... - - -- 48Y

JQQ

Westminster Press

The Great Hymn-Book

Issued March 1, 1923

Original,

Practical,

Virile

Eveiy page tested in

CONVENTIONS CONFERENCES

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Will vitalize Congie- gational Singing and Worship

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The Hymn-Book Engineer

When you plan a church edifice you consult an architect, when you want an oigan you go to an organ builder. The Hymn-Book is just as important. Consult a man who is giving1 his life to the development of congrega- tional singing. H Augustine Smith has done moie for chuich music than any man of this generation

494 Hymns and Tunes with the words printed in the music.

30 pages of chants and responses marking a new epoch in chanting and antiphonal singing.

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An Historical Edition— The History and Interpretation of each hymn and tune facing it

484

CROZER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

The Seminary's relations to the University of Pennsylvania enable it to offer: (a) Regular course for pastors and preachers; (b) same course plus religious education; (c) graduate course leading *to de- gree of Th. M. or Ph. D.

Address MILTON G. EVANS, D. D., LL. D., President, Chester, Pa.

Crozei Theological Seminary maintains a conespondence depaitment for min- isters and Christian woikeis. Covers six couises Faculty certificate Total expense $10 a year. For information, Eh S. Remhold, A. M., Director, Chestei, Pa.

BUCKNELL UNIVERSITY

Emory W. Hunt, D. D., LL. D., President

THE COLLEGE

Awards the degree of B A on the basis of four years of undergraduate work Awards the degree of B S in Biology, Home Economics, Chemical Engineer- ing, Civil Engineering, Electucal Engineering or Mechanical Engineering on the basis of four years of undergraduate woik

THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC

Awards diplomas for couises in Piano, Pipe Oigan, Violin, Voice Culture and Art of Singing, Wind Instiuments, Histoiy of Music, Public School Music, Har- mony, Composition, Theory* Vergil Clavier

Bucknell University aims to develop men and women who will apply true Christian ideals in every department of human endeavoi

For catalogue and information, address

THERON CLARK, Registrar Lewisburg, Pa.

THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE

— OF CHICAGO — —

Training Free FOUNDED BY D. L. MOODY IN 1886 Interdenominational

THE OBJECT of the Institute is t? give fre,e training to men and women, en- abling them Jo becon-e pastors, assistant pastors, Bible teachers, evangelists, missionaries, Gospel singeis, Sunday School and Mission workers, etc. The Day Classes cover two years Enrolment during the year 1921-22 was 1,238. The Evening Classes correlated with the Day Classes offer an equiva- lent tiaming covering a longer period for students obliged to work dur- ing the day. Enrolment in 1921-22 was 1,132. The Pastors' Course covers thiee years

THE CORRESPONDENCE DEPARTMENT offers eight courses: Synthetic Bible Study Course, Bible Doctrine Course, Chapter Summary, Practical Christian Work, Christian Evidences, Evangelism, Introductory Bible Course, and the Scofield Couise Total emolment for 1921-22, 10,309

THE EXTENSION DEPARTMENT supplies evangelists, Bible teachers and Gospel singers for churches and missions, and conducts Bible conferences, music classes and evangelistic meetings in all parts of the country.

THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE MONTHLY is devoted to Bible knowledge and interpretation, news and methods of \vorld-wide Christian work, editorial comment on current events and conditions; contending fcr the faith de- livered once for all to the saints. Issued monthly, $2 00 per year to any addresr Rev. James M. Gray, D. D,, editor.

For catalogue and f wither information address THE MOODY BIBLE INSTI- TUTE, 153 Institute Place, Cbicago, 111.

485

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Send for catalogue. A. H. NORTON, President.

ST. AUGUSTINE'S SCHOOL

RALEIGH, N. C.

For Colored Young Men and Women FOUNDED 1867

Under the Episcopal Church

Enrollment 1922-1923, 522

Junior College, Normal, Academic, and Industrial Departments

Training School for Nurses For, Catalog and Further Information Address THE REV. EDGAR H. GOOLD Raleigh, N. C.

PEOPLES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Standard Extra-mural courses pay. College, Divinity, Law, Business, Post-Graduate. Famous Lake Odessa Bible Conference Course. Resident and in absentia work. Strong faculty; ample buildings, campus. For Bulletin, address; Box 1829, Atlanta, Ga.

GIAMINI & HILGA1T

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Established 1837 Send for Catalog

LORENZ'S CHURCH MUSIC

We publish a very complete line of anthems for volunteer choirs, in magazine form, anthem bookb, large and small ; choir cantatas or semi-oratorios for Chustmas, Easter and general use ; two-part choir music for junior choirs j three-part choir music , men's quartet and chorus music ; women's quartet and chorus music , solos and duets in sheet ioim, music foi church entertainments, organ voluntaries; Sunday school song books ; Christmas, Easter and Children's Day music for Sunday schools

When you write state which line interests you and specify whether you desire merely catalogs or want music sent on ten days' approval.

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ALBANY, N. Y. Robes for the

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Students' Chemistry Desk

A favorite m many lalboiatoiies. The gas and water pipes, with convenient out- lets, are placed under the lower shelf and directly over the trough. Accommo- dates 16 students, working m sections of eight.

It's a Long, Long Road to Thoroughness and Few Ever Arrive

It's true with Schools, even as it is in our business— the nianufactuung of Laboratory Fuinituie Your business is to see that youi pupils leceive Thorough Instruction Our business is to provide you with the equipment for the Thor- ough teaching of the Sciences

We have been doing this for the leading Schools and Colleges of America for as long as Moses wandered m the wilderness.

In our experience manufacturing Laboiatory Furniture of the highest quality, and in our contact wfth thousands of Schools, we have leained many things that may be of great value to you.

A copy of our Laboratory Book is fiee Address all inquiries to the factory at Kewaunee

LABORAW FURNITURE EXPERTS C. G. Campbell, Treasurer and Geneial Mgr.

158 Lincoln St., Kewaunee, Wis.

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DeViy

Perfect Motion Pictures

Progressive Churches and Sunday Schools the country over are finding in motion pictures a solution to their attendance troubles and an added source of revenue. For instructing, Sun- day evening services, or mid- week entertainment a DeVry will bring you perfect motion pictures,

DeVry

The DeVry projects pictures of theatre size and quality from any light socket. It is self-contained and weighs but 25 pounds, Screw the plug in the light socket. A specially prepared booklet tells how DeVry's are being used in 'Churches the country over, Mail the coupon attached for your copy of "Motion Pictures m the Church." THE DEVRY CORPORATION 1101 Center St., Chicago, 111.

The Evangelical Synod of North America

''Giving diligence to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace."— Eph. 4:3.

If you believe that

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and that no creed or confession can represent more than mere fragments of the unfathomable mysteiies of divine Truth ; If you believe that

FREEDOM OF INTERPRETATION

under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, is the divine privilege of all who believe in Jesus the Christ, subject to no other test than that of Matt 16-16, 17 and I John 4*2, 3; If you believe that

CHRISTIAN UNITY AND CO-OPERATION

in the spirit of John 17-21 and Eph. 4-3-6, is the key to the coming of the Kingdom of God and the salvation of the woild — Then you need to get acquainted with THE EVANGELICAL HERALD, Weekly, 16 Pages, $2 Per Year

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OXFORD TEACHERS' BIBLE

You will find an Oxford Teachers' Bible, with its wonderful refeiences and Helps, an invaluable aid in piepanng inter- esting and helpful Sunday School lessons The Helps are ar- ranged in alphabetical older, like a dictionary. • They are ac- curate, comprehensive and up-to-date.

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IF AMERICA FAIL!

By Samuel Zane Batten

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GOD'S WILL AND OUR LIFE

By Charles A. Cook

A practical work, in simple, non- technical langauge, well adapted to be helpful in the needs and experiences of life and to inspire to higher living and larger service. Not alone the Pietist in retirement, but much more the plain man in the hard, workaday world will find these chapters quickening and illu- minating $1.00 net.

"PREACH IT AGAIN"— THE

SERMON TEST

By Bernard C. Clausen, D D.

The story of an attempt to learn what a congregation thought about a year of preaching. The experiment made possible conclusions that cannot fail to be interesting and suggestive to laymen as well as to preachers and students and teachers of pulpit work. $1.25 net.

GOD'S BETTER THING

Essays of Concern and

Conviction

By A. D. Belden, B. D. (Lond.)

The author's conviction is that the evangelical faith is seriously cramped by a purely individualistic application, and that it must find its flowering and fruitage in the gospel of the kingdom of God on earth before it can ade- quately satisfy the spiritual needs of mankind and give just proof of itself. Here are thought and passion, matter and style, that should make the book attractive and worth while to a multi- tude of readers. $1 50 net

ROCK-BREAKERS

Kingdom Building in Kongo

Land

By P. H. J. Lerngo, M. D.

Doctor Lerrigo proves himself an observant traveler and a luminous writer The business of Christian Mis- sions and the human material these missions must handle are his supreme concern. He shows how a station is created, the abilities and weaknesses of the native people, the cooperation of the different denominations, and the achievements in personal character, and in family and community life. Il- lustrated $1.25 net.

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WHAT JESUS TAUGHT

According to the Gospels

By Milton G. Evans, D. D., IX. D.

This book discusses first, the sources of knowledge of what Jesus tauftht and outlines the background of thought against which his teaching is prot- ected, then presents the teaching ac- cording to the synoptic gospels, and, lastly, the teaching accoiding to John $150 net.

A MANUAL OF CHURCH METHODS

By Frederick A. Agar

Organization, Enlistment, Utilizing, Education, Forms, and General Items — such are the chapter headings in this eminently practical handbook. Plans, programs, and mechanics, however,^ are not emphasized here above the spirit- ual life of the church-member. The author understands fully, and helps his leaders to appreciate, that mechanism cannot take the place of spirit $1.00

FOLLOWING THE PIONEERS

A Story of American Mission

Work in India and Burma

By Joseph C. Robins

The world knows that India is a center of most interesting nationalistic movements, and begins to realize that serious world problems have a center of major importance there The rela- tion of Christian missions to these problems is never sufficiently stressed This little volume is a real contribu- tion to proper estimate of that rela- tion. Illustrated $1.50 net.

RACE GRIT

By Coe Hayne

Here are real life-stories which pre- sent the results of Home Missions, ^not simply in the cases ot a few conspicu- ously outstanding members of the Negio race in Amenca, but much rather among the average representa- tives of that people With a most happy ability to select material of human interest, Mr. Hayne combines a facility of vivid pictunng. Illus-^ trated. $1.25 net.

HONEST DEBTORS

Sermons and Addresses

By Orrin Philip Gifford, D. D.

Some of the finest work of one of the ablest of Baptist preachers and platform speakers Students of preach- ing cannot fail to find the volume of large interest. An immediate practical value of the matter will be evident to all who interpret Christian living in terms of stewardship of life. $1.50 net. Books, Pamphlets, and Tracts

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490

Cbc fltttcrican Sabbath Cract Society

Publishing House of the

Seventh Day Baptists

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Books and Tracts on Sabbath History and Exposition

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THE AMERICAN SABBATH TRACT SOCIETY

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CHICAGO TRACT SOCIETY

Telephone Harrison 5141 Organized 1889 Incorporated 1898

Works chiefly among our neighbors of foreign speech. Has Missionaries now speaking twenty-seven languages. Aids all Evangelical Churches in their work among immigrants. Conducts services among Bulgarians, Greeks, Italians, Lithuanians, Poles, Russians and Ukrainians. Has two regular periodicals, one in Lithuanian and one in Polish. Directors represent eight leading Protestant denominations

The Society solicits annual offerings from all churches, and donations and legacies from all friends interested in the work of saving the immigrants, and converting the undesirable aliens into orderly Christian Americans.

Donations and Offerings should be sent directly to the C. T S. head- quarters, and all correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary, 440 S. Dearborn St , Chicago, 111.

Rev Prof George L. Robinson, President ; Rev. Dr. William R. Wedderspoon, Vice-President ; Rev. G. K. Flack, Secretary ; Mr. L. B Trowbridge, Field Rep- resentative; Mr. William T. Vickery, Treasurer; Hon. Matthew Mills, Attorney.

THE AMERICAN SEAMEN'S FRIEND SOCIETY

Incorporated 1833

The only American undenominational international and national Society aiding seamen.

Maintains a Sailors' Home and Institute at 507 West Street, New Yoik City. Loan libraries ($25) placed on vessels sailing from New York. Shipwrecked and destitute seamen aided. PUBLISHES the "Sailors' Magazine" ($100). SUPPORTED by contributions and legacies.

John B. Calvert, D. D , President ; George Sidney Webster, D. D , Secretary. Clarence C. Pinneo, Treasurer, 76 Wall Street, New York, to whom contribu- tions may be sent.

491

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The American Bible Society is missionary in its con- ception, purpose and plans. It is the servant of all de- nominations. Its field is the world. It circulates the Scriptures in more than 150 languages and dialects and in fourteen systems for the Blind.

Its work is carried on

In

By

By

At

15 Continents The Islands of the Seven Seas 14 Kinds of Scriptures for the Blind

| 9 Home Agencies ( 12 Foreign Agencies

i 649 Colporteurs and Correspondents at Home ! 2051 Colporteurs and Correspondents Abroad

New York

Constantinople

Beirut

Bangkok

Chiengmai

Shanghai

<Chengtu

Weiheisen

Yokohama

As publishing centers

It is not a commercial concern, though its program and methods are modern and business-like. Its books are distributed everywhere without profit. Where the people are too poor to buy, the Book is supplied with- out money and without price. It is the recognized agency for Bible work of the leading denominations of America.

AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY Bible House, Astor Place, New York City

NEW YORK

PHILADELPHIA

RICHMOND

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493

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